‘壹’ 初三英语短语and语法归纳
句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语
1、主语：
(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的，主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么，表示句子说的是“什么人”，或”什么事“，如“我写字”中的“我”，做出写字这个动作。“写”则是谓语，“字”是宾语，是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象，因此是宾语。如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)
(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat ring the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)（比较好看，避免头重脚轻）
(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略：(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。)/ (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系。) / (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。)
(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词：The man looks worried, doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗？) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗？)
(5)祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来。)
(6)主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾；倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。如：Computers are made in this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂。) / Where are they? (他们在哪儿？) / Does the boy like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗？)
(7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)
(8)主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。
2、谓语：是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，在主语后接宾语，又称受词，是一个动作的接受者。
(1)由“不及物动词”、“及物动词 宾语”或“系动词 表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如：
He travelled in space for the first time .(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) / The pizza has gone bad. (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) /
(2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成：［情态动词］ ［时态助动词］（现在完成时） ［语态助动词］（如被动语态） ［主要动词］(不一定全部出现)。(见动词的时态和语态构成表)记住：谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如：
I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。) / He can’t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (该采取措施防止禽流感蔓延。)
(3)谓语动词切忌用“行为动词1 原形动词”、“be 原形动词”。
记住使用下列正确形式：
①情态动词 原形动词。如：You’d better go over the lesson.（你最好复习这一课。）
②shall/ will/ would 原形动词。如：They should have been there once.（他们应该去过那儿。）
③be 现在分词或者过去分词。如：What are you doing this evening?（今晚你打算做什么？）---表示一般将来时/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐。）
④have 过去分词。如：Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（意思同上）
⑤一般时问句和否定句中：do/does/did 原形动词。如：He does not enjoy himself very much.（他日子过的不好。）/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?（你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗？）
⑥行为动词1 行为动词2 (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式)。如：He made up his mind to be a vet.（他拿定主意要做个兽医。）/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.（自尊自爱是享受生活的根本。）/ They wake up the other family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”（他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着：圣诞快乐！）/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.（古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓。）
(4)不可用形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等独立作谓语,必须在此之前加连系动词。
(5)谓语动词单复数形式：单数形式的动词有：is,was,has,does以及“动词 s”；复数形式的动词有：are,were,have以及动词原形。其他动词不分单、复数。
谓语部分第一个动词的形式 单数形式 复数形式
一般现在时be(是)动词；
现在某些时态和语态的助动词be am (单一); are (单二); is (单三); are
一般过去时be(是)动词；
过去某些时态和语态的助动词be was (单一); were (单二); was;(单三) were
一般现在时have(有)动词；
现在完成时态的助动词have have (单一); have (单二); has (单三); have
一般现在时行为动词和助动词do do (单一、单二); does (单三) do
实意动词和连系动词的一般现在时动词（否定和疑问句除外） 原形动词(单一、单二); 动词 s /es (单三) 原形动词
其他各时态语态的谓语动词 单复数形式相同
记住：主语、谓语单复数必须保持一致。（参见“4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：”） Air and water is necessary to us all.(空气和水对于我们大家是必不可少的。)
(6)一般问句和反意问句的回答不使用行为动词,应该使用“是”动词、情态动词、助动词(be,will,have,do以及变形)。如：The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn’t it? ----Yes, it is.(奥运会每两年举办一次,是吗？----是的。)
3、宾语：又称受词，是指一个动作（动词）的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类，其中直接宾语（经常指被做的人）指动作的直接对象，间接宾语说明动作的非直接，但受动作影响的对象。一般而言，及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语，而该宾语通常为直接宾语，有些及物动词要求两个宾语，则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语，另一个为间接宾语。
(1) 由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当,表示动作的承受者是“谁”或者是“何物”。如： The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。)(代词和名词充当两个宾语) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱。) (不定式作宾语) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons. (他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课。) (动名词作宾语) / I think to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding.(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的。) (从句作宾语)
(2) 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物动词,故加to。) / Can you hear anything exciting?(你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息吗？)
(3) 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首。介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首。如：What did he see? (他看见了什么？) / What does he write a letter with? (他用什么写的信？) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什么写的信？)
(4)“动词 副词 宾语”结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在“动”“副”之间。如：Please put the shoes away. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put away the shoes. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put them away. (请把它们收起来。)
(5) 动词后面跟双宾语时可以采用两种结构：
①动词 间接宾语(人) 直接宾语(物)。如：He often gives me some help. (他常常帮我。)
②动词 直接宾语 介词 间接宾语。注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for.如： Please make me a kite. (请给我做个风筝。)或Please make a kite for me.
(6) 在“动词 宾语 宾补”结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去。如：I found the job rather difficult. (我发觉这个工作相当难做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job.
(7) 宾语可以由从句充当,详见“宾语从句”。
4、表语：
(1) 说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分,通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、代词等充当。如：He became a doctor after he left high school.(高中毕业他当上了医生。) / The rubber wheels are over there.(橡胶轮子在那边。) / He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何东西因为他得了重感冒。) / Who is it?(谁呀？)
(2) 表语只能放在连系动词(如：be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之后,对表语进行提问的句子除外。
(3) 代词做表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾。如：It’s I. (It’s me.)是我。
(4) 只能作表语的形容词有：sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(他很为他的粗心而歉疚。) / Please make no noise here; the baby is asleep.(请不要发出响动,婴儿正熟睡呢。) / I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是对独坐孤舟无所事事感兴趣。) / I am not alone in thinking so.(并非只有我才这样想的。)
(5) 表语也可以由从句充当,详见“表语从句”。
5、定语：
(1) 修饰名词或代词的成分,常由形容词、名词(含所有格)、代词(物主、指示、疑问、不定)、介词短语、不定式(短语)充当,在初三阶段还学习了定语从句做定语的知识。如：Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上层的抽屉里。) / France and Switzerland are European countries. (法国和瑞士是欧洲国家。) / His mother and father are both college teachers.(他的父母都是大学教师。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life.(这是我一辈子难忘的日子。)
(2) 单词做定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面,而且有一定的次序：
冠词/
物代 年龄/形状/
大小/温度 色彩 来源 质地/
材料 目的/
用途 被修饰的名词(中心词)
a
the
my
his
… old,young,… red,
yellow,
blue,
… Chinese,
English,
American,
… wooden,
woolen,
glass,
silk,
paper
… meeting,
tennis,
sports,
reading,
swimming,
… box,
shoes,
room,
pig
…
long,short,
round, square…
big, large,
small, little…
hot, cold,
warm, cool…
(3) 时间副词(now,then,today,yesterday,...)、地点副词(here,there,back,in,out,home,...作定语时放在被修饰的名词后面。如：I could not find my way out, so I stayed there all along. (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那儿。)
(4) 介词短语修饰名词时只能放在名词的后面：The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday. (笼子里的猴子是昨天逮着的。)
(5) 形容词修饰复合不定代词时,往往后置。如：He remembered everything unusual. (他记得所有不寻常的事情。)
(6) 定语还可以用从句充当,详见 定语从句。
(7) 注意：由于定语属于修饰性的成分,因此它常归入主语、宾语、表语之中,不作为句子的主要成分。
6、状语：
(1) 说明动作“何时”、“何地”、“如何”发生,或者说明形容词或副词的程度,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。如：I was not born yesterday.（我又不是昨天才出世的娃娃。）/ For many of these families a college ecation was something new.（对其中的许多家庭来说,大学教育是件新事物。）/ He woke up to find his house on fire.(他醒来发现房子着火了。) / You cannot leave until your work is finished.(在你的工作被完成以前你不能离开)
(2) 副词作状语位置较为灵活,详见《六
‘贰’ 初中英语连词知识点
1、 并列连词and和or：
①and 和or 是用得最多的并列连词，可以连接：
a. 两个并列的动词： We were singing and dancing all evening. 整个晚上我们都在唱歌跳舞。
b. 名词、形容词等：This apple is big and red. Would you like fish or beef?
c. 两个并列的分句（句子）：I said it and I meant it. 我说话算数。
②and 可连接两个分句，表示递进关系。 Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他会得寸进尺。
③or可连接分句，表示"否则"：
Don't drive so fast or you'll have an accident. 别开这么快，不然你会出车祸。
2、 表示意思转折的连词：but, yet:
①but和yet的用法：
The weather will be sunny but cold. 天气会晴朗但很冷。
It is strange, yet true. 这很奇怪，却是真的。
②however, still 等为副词，但可起连接作用，表示意思的转折---"但是"或"然而"。
a. however: His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.
他的第一反应是不行，但后来他改变了主意。
b. still: It's raining; still I'd like to go. 天在下雨，但我还是要去。
③词组all the same: She is naughty, all the same we have to laugh at her jokes.
她很调皮，但对她的恶作剧我们还是要发笑。
3、表示因果的连词：
① for可以表示"因为"，但引导的不是从句，而是并列分句，对前面情况加以解释，常用逗号把它和前面的分句分开，这在书面语中比较多见。
The days were short, for it was now December. 白天很短，因为现在已经是十二月。
She must have gone out early, for she had not come for breakfast.
她肯定一早出去了，因为她没来吃早饭。
② so 表示结果，可译为"因此"、"所以"。
Our cases were heavy, so we took a taxi. 我们的箱子很重，因此我们坐了出租车
③ therefore 为副词，也表示同样的意思---"因此"，可放句前：
He had gone; she therefore gave the money to me.他走了，于是她把钱给了我。
4、both... and 的用法
A man should have both courage and perseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。
5、就近原则：
1）neither…nor… Neither Lucy nor Lily is a League member.
2）not only…but also… Not only you but also he likes football.
3）either…or… Either Jim or Peter is right.
4）not…but… Not Jim but Peter broke the cup.
6、as well as的用法:
I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays. 我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。
‘叁’ 介词和连词的区别 初三英语知识点汇总 2
Swim, let nature cleanse your heart; read, let the words warmyour stillness; keep a raise
‘肆’ 九年级英语知识点有哪些
九年级英语知识点有：
1、 if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句，即：虚拟语气，通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态。所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气，虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议或是与事实相反的假设等。
2、If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句，非真实条件句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时，其虚拟语气结构为：即：(从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用were)，一般过去时，(主句) 主语+would+动词原形，过去将来时。
3、pretend to do sth. 假装做某事。
4、be late for 迟到，如：I am late for work/ school/ class/ party。
5、a few 与 a little 的区别，a few 一些，修饰可数名词，a little 一些，修饰不可数名词两者表肯定意义，如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。
6、few 少数的，修饰可数名词few 与 little 的区别，little 少数的，修饰不可数名词，两者表否定意义，如：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。There is little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里没有多少糖。
7、hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)词前面有数词或several一词时要不能加s ，反之，则要加s 并与of 连用，表示数量很多。如：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people 几百/千/百万/十亿人，hundreds of trees 上百棵树。
8、what if + 从句 如果…怎么办，要是… 又怎么样，如：What if she doesn’t come? 要是她不来怎么办?What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办?
9、 add sth. to sth. 添加…到…如：I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。
‘伍’ 英语连词学习中的五大注意要点
连词解释
一.because, for, since, as, 的区别
because语气强,表示客观必然原因：
He is absent, because he is ill. 因为生病，所以他没来。
比较:He is absent, for he is busy. （“生病”是“缺席”的必然原因，“忙”不是必然原因。）
for 语气轻,表示非客观必然的原因,是主观可改变结果的原因,甚至是猜测可能的原因:
He must be ill, for he is absent. “缺席”不一定是“生病”，只是交流猜测。
for 不能放句首,它是并列连词.
since, as 都是不讲自明的原因,是已知的原因.
Since I am a boy, let me carry the case.
As you don”t feel well, you had better stay at home.
1.我不进去了,因为我爸爸在里面. I won”t go in .for my father is there.
2.昨晚一定是下雨了,因为地很湿. It must have rained last night, for the ground is web.
3.地是湿的,因为昨晚下雨了. The ground is wet, because it rained last night.
4.因为不高兴,他不想出去了. He didn”t wanted to go out, for he was unhappy.
5.既然你工作忙，你就不必跟我们一道去了。 Since/As you are busy, you had better not go with us.
6.他付给我比别人少的钱,因为我是个女的. He paid me less than the others, for I”m female.
7.他付给我比别人少的钱,仅仅因为我是个女的. He paid me less than the others, only because I”m female.
8.既然大家都在这,我们开始开会吧. Since everybody is here, let”s begin our meeting.
二.when, while, as引导时间状语时的异同.
when,表示时间点,时间段都可以.如状语是短暂动作时,多用when,是时间段时则三个连词都可以.
When/While/As I was walking in the street, I met a friend of mine.
只能用when 的句型:
1.放句中,主句是进行时,从句是短暂动作,表示这时突然
I was reading in the room, when a girl shouted for help.我正在房间看书，这时突然听到有一个女孩喊救命！
2.从句是短暂动作:When I got up, I heard the bell ring. 当我起床的时候，我听见铃响了。
只能用while的句型:
1.表示对立予盾的对比，这时while相当于but。
I am poor while you are rich.我很穷，你却很富有。
Tom is strong, while John is weak. 汤姆很强壮，而约翰很瘦弱。
2.表示“趁着还来得及的时候,赶快....
趁热打铁.Strike while it is hot.
趁着老师还在教室,你赶快去问他吧. You should go to ask the teacher while he is still in.
只能用as的句型:
1.一边....一边...稳定的动作当从句,不稳定的动作当主句
他一边洗澡一边吹口哨. He whistled as he had a bath.
我一边看书一边听音乐. I listened to music as I read.
2.正如....所知道,预料的一样.... as 在此是关系代词,不能用which代替.
正如众所周知的一样,地球是圆的. As everybody can see, the earth is round.
正如我们预料的那样，他失败了。He failed as we had expected.
正如我们所预料的一样,中国足球队赢了印尼. As we had expected, Chinese Football Team beaten Indian
3.随着时间的发展,某事变得......
As thirty years passed by, my mother”s hair became gray. 三十年过去了，妈妈的头发成了银色。
As modern instry develops, more and more waste proces. 随着现代工业的发展，垃圾制造得越来越多。
三.as 与like的区别
1.表示象...一样时,as接从句,like 接短语
Do everything as I do. 象我一样做。
He is/looks like his mother. 他长得像他妈妈。
2.as当介词接短语时,表示作为...不是象...一样的意思.like 当动词时,是喜欢的意思,不要搞混为象...
We should study as Lenin studied. 我们应该像列宁那样学习。
As a League Member, I should take everything in the lead. 作为一名团员，我应该起带头作用。
三.until,
I”ll not go until the bell rings.
unless 条件I”ll not go unless you go.除非你走我才走。
肯定句延续I waited until he came 我一直等到他来。
He lived here until he was 90. 在90岁之前他一直住在这。
I didn”t leave until he came.直到他来我才走。
短暂not until,
I won”t stay with you unless you drive the dog out.除非你把狗赶跑，否则我不会和你呆在一起。
四.and, but, however, yet,
顺趋势自然而然发展He studied hard and became a college student.
逆趋势转折He studied hard, but failed in the exam.
中间有逗号，语气轻用however He studied hard, however, he failed in the exam.
不能用but He studied hard, yet he failed in the exam.
Although he studied hard, yet he failed in the exam.（yet可以与although，though连用，but不能。
五.就近原则，对称原则，附加不理原则
谓语动词就最近距离主语原则：
Either he or his parents (is, are) wrong.
Either you or he (is, are) wrong.
(Is, Are) you or he wrong?
连词后成分对称原则：
Both ....and, neither....nor, not only.....but also.......
She can (either sing, sing either)English songs or Chinese songs.
She can (either sing, sing either)English songs or dance well.
with后名词附加不影响谓语原则
He as well as his wife and daughters (like, likes) music very much.
He with his sons (get, gets )up early every day.
I but you (are, am)wrong.
‘陆’ 新目标英语九年级全册短语、句型。
新目标九年级英语知识点汇总
九年级英语Unit1
1. by + doing 通过……方式 如：by studying with a group
by 还可以表示：“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用、”
“经过”、“乘车”等
如：I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o’clock.
The thief entered the room by the window.
The student went to park by bus.
2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论 如：The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。
talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话
3. 提建议的句子：
①What/ how about +doing sth.?
如：What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping?
③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping?
④Let’s + do sth. 如： Let’s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?
4. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。
5. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth.
如：I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。
6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法
三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,
常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级
形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.
他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk,
laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:
She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。
③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往
含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如:
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。
7. not …at all 一点也不 根本不 如：
I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。
not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾
8. be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth.
=== be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋 如：
I am / get excited about going to Beijing.===
I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。
9. ① end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如：
The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。
② end up with sth. 以…结束 如：
The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
10. first of all 首先
. to begin with 一开始
later on 后来、随
11. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间
either 也（用于否定句）常在句末
too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末
12. make mistakes 犯错 如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
make a mistake 犯一个错误 如： I have made a mistake.
我已经犯了一个错误。
13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人） 如：Don’t laugh at me!
不要取笑我!
14. take notes 做笔记，做记录
15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如：
She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。
enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。
16. native speaker 说本族语的人
17. make up 组成、构成
18. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 …其中之一
如： She is one of the most popular teachers.
她是最受欢迎的教师之一。
19. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…
如：It’s difficult (for me ) to study English.
对于我来说学习英语太难了。
句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English
20. practice doing 练习做某事 如：
She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。
21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如：
LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
22. unless 假如不，除非 引导条件状语从句
如：You will fail unless you work hard..假如你不努力你会失败。
I won’t write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写
23. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.
24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事
如：Mother worried about his son just now.
妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。
25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如：
I was angry with her. 我对她生气。
26. perhaps === maybe 也许
27. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。
28. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生
see sb. / sth. do 看见某人在做某事 如：
如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.
她看见他正在教室里画画。
29. each other 彼此
30. regard… as … 把…看作为…. 如：
The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
31. too many 许多 修饰可数名词 如：too many girls
too much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk
much too 太 修饰形容词 如：much too beautiful
32. change… into… 将…变为…
如：The magician changed the pen into a book.
这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。
33. with the help of sb. == with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
如：with the help of LiLei == with LiLei’s help
在李雷的帮助下
34. compare … to … 把…与…相比
如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.
你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。
35. instead 代替 用在句末，副词（字面上常不译出来）
instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替，而不是 用在句中，动词
如：Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I’m going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。
I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。
He stayed at home instead of going swimming.
他呆在家里而不是去游泳。
‘柒’ 英语常用的连接词有哪些
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‘捌’ 英语中主要有哪些连接词
1．表示举例的关联词
for example that is, in the following manner, namely
in this case as an illustration to illustrate in the same manner
2．表示递进关系的关联词
above all finally of major concern
a second factor finer of minor concern
better finest to begin with
best furthermore worse
compared to moreover worst
equally important of less importance worst of all
3．表示强调的关联词
especially, without doubt, primarily, chiefly, actually, otherwise, after all ,
as a matter of fact
4.表示比较的关联词
as, too, also, likewise, similarly, at the same time, in the same way
5．表示转折的关联词
but, still, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, nevertheless, regardless, contrary to, and yet, however, nonetheless, conversely, despite, after all, instead
6．表示因果关系的关联词
accordingly, as a result, because, consequent, hence, since, therefore, thus,
for this purpose, to this end, with this object
7．表示结论的关联词
all in all, altogether, finally, in brief, in sum, in conclusion, in short, in summary, on the whole, to sum up
8．表示作者态度的词
ironically, fortunately, to the disappointment of, unfortunately, strangely enough
考试十大类重要关联词总结分析
考试中关联词起着很重要的作用，熟悉这些常用的关联词，对你的考试会有非常重要的作用。
常用的关联词分为十大类：
一.Addition此外
inaddition，and，similarly，likewise，aswellas，besides，furthermore，also，moreover，too，notonly…but，even，besidesthis／that
二.Sequence顺序
first，initially，secondetc.，tobeginwith，then，next，earlier／later，followingthis／that，afterwards
三.Consequence结果
asaresult，thus，so，therefore，consequently，itfollowsthat，thereby，eventually，inthatcase，admittedly
四.Contrast对比
however，ontheotherhand，
despite，inspiteof，though，although，but，onthecontrary
otherwise，yet，insteadof，rather，whereas，nonethelesscomparedwith，incontrast
五．Certainty确定
obviously，certainly，plainly，ofcourse，undoubtedly
六．Condition条件
if，unless，whether，providedthat，for，sothat，whether，dependingon
七．Time时间
before，since，as，until，meanwhile，atthemoment，when，whenever，assoonas，justas
八．Summary总结
inconclusion，insummary，lastly，finally，tosumup，toconclude，torecapitulate，inshort
九．Example举例
forexample，forinstance，justas，inparticular，suchas，namely
十．Reason原因
since，as，so，because(of)，eto，owingto，thereasonwhy，inotherwords，leadsto，cause