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初三知识框架英语

发布时间: 2022-07-09 13:12:46

1. 初三英语知识点有哪些

2014-07-03 许愿真 来源 阅 139381 转 2650
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九年级英语知识点汇总
Unit1
1. by + doing 通过……方式如:by studying with a
group
by还可以表示:“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用、”
“经过”、“乘车”等
如:I live by the
river. I have to go back by ten o’clock.
The thief entered the room by the window.
The student went to park by bus.
2. talk about 谈论,议论,讨论如:The
students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。
talk to sb. === talk with sb.与某人说话
3. 提建议的句子:
①What/ how about +doingsth.?
如:What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don’t you +do sth.? 如:Why don’t you go shopping?
③Why not + dosth. ? 如:Why
not go
shopping?
④Let’s + dosth. 如:
Let’s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + dosth.? 如:Shall we/ I go shopping?
4. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如:I eat a lot.
我吃了许多。
5. too…to太…而不能 常用的句型too+adj./adv. + to do sth.
如:I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了,什么都不想说。
6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法
三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,
常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级
形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.
他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak,
talk,
laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:
She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。
③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往
含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如:
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。
7. not …at all 一点也不 根本不 如:
I like
milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all.
我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。
not经常可以和助动词结合在一起,at all则放在句尾
8.
be /
get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about
doing sth.
=== be excited to do sth.对…感兴奋 如:
I am / get excited about
going to Beijing.===
I am excited to goto Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。
9. ① end up doing
sth 终止做某事,结束做某事 如:
The partyended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。
② end up with
sth. 以…结束 如:
The partyended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
10. first of all首先
. to
begin with 一开始
later on 后来、随
11. also也、而且(用于肯定句)常在句子的中间
either 也(用于否定句)常在句末
too 也
(用于肯定句) 常在句末
12. make mistakes 犯错 如:I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
make a mistake 犯一个错误 如: I have made a mistake.
我已经犯了一个错误。
13. laugh at sb. 笑话;取笑(某人) 如:Don’t laugh at
me!
不要取笑我!
14. take notes 做笔记,做记录
15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如:
She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。
enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如:He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。
16. native speaker 说本族语的人
17. make up 组成、构成
18. one of +(the+形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 …其中之一
如: She is
one of the most popular teachers.
她是最受欢迎的教师之一。
19. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do
sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…
如:It’s difficult (for me )
to study English.
对于我来说学习英语太难了。
句中的it 是形式主语,真正的主语是to study English
20. practice doing 练习做某事 如:
She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。
21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如:
LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
22. unless 假如不,除非 引导条件状语从句
如:You will fail unless you work
hard..假如你不努力你会失败。
I won’t write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写
23. deal with 处理 如:I dealt with a lot of
problem.
24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事
如:Mother worried about his
son just now.
妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。
25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如:
I was
angry with her. 我对她生气。
26. perhaps === maybe 也许
27. go by (时间) 过去 如: Two years went by. 两年过去了。
28. see sb. / sth. doing看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生
see sb. / sth.
do 看见某人在做某事 如:
如: She saw himdrawing a picture in the classroom.
她看见他正在教室里画画。
29. each other 彼此
30. regard… as …把…看作为…. 如:
The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
31. too
many许多修饰可数名词如:too many girls
too much许多修饰不可数名词 如:too muchmilk
much
too太修饰形容词 如:much too beautiful
32.change…into…将…变为…
如:The magician changed the pen into a book.
这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。
33. with the help of sb. == with one’s help在某人的帮助下
如:with the help of LiLei ==
with LiLei’s help
在李雷的帮助下
34. compare … to
…把…与…相比
如:Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.
你和安娜相比,你是幸运的。
35. instead代替用在句末,副词(字面上常不译出来)
instead of sth. / doing sth.代替,而不是 用在句中,动词
如:Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I’m going to
Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。
I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。
He stayed at home instead of going swimming.
他呆在家里而不是去游泳。

2. 初三英语语法时态结构

Summary of This Term
Ⅰ Words:
⒈Nouns:
bookmark(书签) librarian(图书管理员) credit([U] 信用) hobby(爱好,复数形式为hobbies) know-all([英英] 自以为无所不知的人) know-it-all(know-all的美式说法) water sports(水上运动) super swimmer(指很厉害的游泳运动员) water-skiing([U] 滑水) canoe(独木舟,复数形式为canoes) canoeing([U] 指划独木舟这项运动) canoeist(划独木舟的选手) diving([U] 跳水) diver(跳水运动员) surfing([U] 冲浪运动) surfer(冲浪运动员) surfboard(冲浪板) surf shop(冲浪用具专卖店) serious surfer(正式冲浪运动员) the mainland(大陆,一般指中国大陆) channel(海峡) journey(艰难的旅程,trip指的是快乐的旅程,复数形式为journeys) headline(报纸的首行) sight(风景) tourist(旅游者) tour bus(旅游车) guide(向导,导游) senator(参议员) representative(代表) senate(参议院) congress(代表大会 [美] 国会,议会) nation(国家) monument(纪念碑) slave(奴隶) memorial(纪念馆) cemetery(墓地,复数形式为cemeteries) hero(英雄,复数形式为heroes) hall(大厅) Monument to the People’s Heroes([中] 人民英雄纪念碑) National People’s Congress(人民代表大会) rule(规则) leader(领导者) imagination([U] 想象力) vehicle(交通工具) kimono(和服,日本传统服装,复数形式为kimonos) the environment([U] 环境) litter(杂物) rubbish([U] 垃圾,为英国英语) stbin(垃圾桶,为英国英语) battery(电池,复数为batteries) neighborhood(社区,街坊) environmental protection organization(环境保护组织) car(车厢) sleeping car(卧铺车厢) rail(铁轨) nightclub(夜总会) scenery([U] 景色) astronomer(天文学家) astronomy(天文学) heavenly body(天体) style(风格) shape(形状) Mercury(水星) Venus(金星) Earth(地球) Mars(火星) Jupiter(木星) Saturn(土星) Uranus(天王星) Neptune(海王星) Pluto(冥王星) a place of interest(名胜) brochure(小册子) instruction(指示) single / double room(单人/双人房间) icon(图标) tomb(坟墓) edge(边缘) rim(边缘) scuba(水肺,水中的呼吸器) coral reef(珊瑚) metal(金属) silver([U] 银) aluminum([U] 铝) platinum([U] 铂金) steel([U] 钢) nonmetal(非金属) wool([U] 羊毛) cotton([U] 棉) fleece([U] 羊毛) bracelet(手镯) jewelry([U] 珠宝) aircraft(飞行器,复数形式为aircraft) window frame(窗的框架) instry(工业) stream(小溪) particle(微粒) shark(鲨鱼) ginkgo(银杏树,复数形式为ginkgoes) watchtower(了望塔) explorer(探险家) society(社会) fable(寓言) bone(骨头) one’s own reflection(某人自己的倒影) inventor(发明家) light bulb(电灯泡) safety(安全的地方) raft(救生艇) spirit([U] 精神) bicycling(骑自行车) skyscraper(摩天大楼) harbor(港口) ferry(渡船) musical(音乐剧) customs (office)(海关) terrorist(恐怖分子) chemical weapon(化学武器) explosives(爆炸物,炸药,常以复数形式出现) explosion(爆炸) poppy(罂粟) drug trafficker(贩毒者) barn(马厩) decoration(装饰品) generosity([U] 慷慨) Savior(救世主) shepherd(牧羊人) cereal([U] 谷类食品) toast([U] 土司面包,单位名称为piece) cornflakes(玉米片) toaster(烤土司面包的机器) jelly([U] 果冻) rye([U] 黑麦) pancake(薄烤饼) syrup([U] 果汁) bacon([U] 咸肉) sausage(香肠) grapefruit(柚子) herb([U] 香草) balance([U] 平衡) nutritionist(营养学家) nutrition(营养学) dairy([U] 乳制品) grain([U] 谷物) fiber([U] 纤维) protein([U] 蛋白质) junk food(垃圾食品) preservative(防腐剂) mood(脾气,常以复数形式出现,即moods) polyester([U] 聚酯) nylon([U] 尼龙) cotton([U] 棉) leather([U] 皮革) fur([U] 皮毛) mink([U] 貂皮) writing brush(毛笔) bamboo([U] 竹子) Chinese character(汉字) disappearance(消失) earth([U] 泥土) audience([U] 观众,听众,代表一个群体,不能说an audience,要说one of the audience ) notice(告示) rule(规则) modem(调制解调器) the global village(地球村) increase([C] [U] 增长,重音在in上,即`increase) decrease([C] [U] 减少,重音在de上,即`decrease) challenge(挑战) diagram(图表) fisherman(渔民,复数形式为fishermen,读音相同) container(集装箱) port(港口) fishing boat(渔船) fishing net(渔网) hemisphere(半球) rival(竞争对手,注意,课本中为rivel,这是打印错误) Scandinavian(斯堪的纳维亚人,即北欧一带的人,包括挪威,瑞典,丹麦,冰岛,芬兰) sturgeon(鲟) caviar([U] 鱼子酱) liar(撒谎的人) ad(advertisement,广告) playmate(玩伴) ecation([U] 教育,学业) vet(兽医) earthquake(地震) pearl(珍珠) revolution(革命) the War of Independence(独立战争) section(部分) dome(圆屋顶) common(公共草地) pond(池塘) granite([U] 花岗岩) column(圆柱) battle(战役) performance([U] 表现) goal(球门) goalkeeper(守门员) striker(前锋) defender(后卫) midfielder(中锋) captain(队长) coach(教练) the first half(上半场) teamwork(齐心协力) check-out(收银处) description(描述) pouch(育儿袋) ostrich(鸵鸟) robber(抢劫者) robbery(抢劫案) victim(受害者) pickpocket(扒手) theft(盗窃案) detective(侦探) inspector(探长) criminal(罪犯) excuse(借口) witness(目击证人) crime(犯罪) height(高度) climber(登山者) profession(职业(运动)) mountaineer(专业登山运动员) mist([U] 薄雾) range(山脉) cliff(峭壁) alpenstock(登山杖) tent(帐篷) cylinder(圆筒) self-respect([U] 自尊) routine(常规) airline(航空公司) closet(衣橱) furniture([U] 家具,为不可数名词,量词要用a piece of furniture) farming([U] 农业) seed([C] [U] 种子) plow(犁) tractor(拖拉机) cultivator(播种机) swather(打谷机) threshing machine(联合收割机) mule(骡子) poultry(家禽) population(种类,相当于variety) entertainment([U] 娱乐圈) lyric(抒情诗) shore(岸,海滨) seashore(海岸,海滨) shell(贝壳) pebble(鹅卵石) ne(沙丘) lithograph(平版画) district(地区) institute(协会) goods(货物,商品,无单数形式) zone(地域,地区) a work of art(艺术品,复数形式为works of art) basketball court(篮球场地) golf court(高尔夫球场地) borough(自治区) commodity([U] 小商品,日用品) wholesaler(批发商) weeping willow(垂柳) neon light(霓虹灯) zoologist(动物学家) zoology(动物学) tail(尾巴) emotion([C] 情绪,情感) anger([U] [情感] 愤怒,生气) joy([C] [情感] 快乐,高兴) grief([U] [情感] 悲伤) excitement([U] [情感] 激动) handrail(把手) vine(藤) branch(树枝) boa (constrictor)(蟒蛇) ceiling(天花板) purpose(目的) Paradise(天堂) Christian(基督教徒) silence([U] 沉默,沉静) heavy instry(重工业) light instry(轻工业) ownership(所有权) share = stock(份额,股份) stock exchange(证券交易所) stockholder(股东) index(指数) stockbroker(股票经纪人,帮别人炒股的人) record(重音顺序为`--,纪录) oyster(牡蛎) procer(生产商) corporation(公司) tax(税,税款) petrochemical(石油化工产品) income(收入) appliance([U] 家电) manufacturing instry(制造产业) hurricane(飓风,狂风) balcony(阳台,复数形式为balconies) iron([U] 铁) courtyard(庭院,院子) jazz([U] 爵士乐) saxophone(萨克斯) plantation(种植园) sugar cane([U] 甘蔗) orchard(果园) attic(阁楼,顶楼) basement(地下室) tornado(旋风,龙卷风,复数形式为tornados) lawn(草坪) (lawn)mower(剪草机) weed([U] 野草) hoe(锄头) suburb(市郊,郊区) valley(山谷) ages(=a long time,一段比较长的时间) jaw(颚) the upper/lower jaw(上/下颚) paw(爪子) roar(吼叫) settler(移民者) native(本地人) tribe(部落) chief(酋长,复数形式为chiefs) fighter(战士) taboo(宗教禁忌) culture(文化,文明) enemy(敌人) anthropologist(人类学家) anthropology( 人类学) calorie(卡路里,能量的单位名称,复数形式为calories) content(含量) nutrient(营养物质) protein([U] 蛋白质) vitamin([U] 维生素) milligram(毫克) avocado(鳄梨,复数形式为avocadoes或avocados) oven(烤炉,烤箱) feast(筵席)
⒉Adjectives:
several(几个) so-called(所谓的) full-time(全部时间的,专任的) part-time(兼职的,部分时间的) national(国家的) recycling(可循环的) enjoyable(令人愉快的) lively(活跃的) underdressed(衣着不正式) overdressed(衣着过于正式) photographic(照相的) tiny(细小的) alike(相似的) private(私人的) undersea(海底的) greedy(贪婪的) frustrated(失败的) traditional(传统的) kind-hearted(热心的) generous(慷慨的) imaginary(想象的,假想的) scrambled(油炸的) boiled(沸腾的) poached(水煮的) artificial(人工的) moody(喜怒无常的) bad-tempered(脾气不好的) ordinary(普通的) digital(数字的,数码的) fragile(易碎的) northern(北方的) southern(南方的) western(西部的) eastern(东部的) crowded(拥挤的) secondhand(二手的) average(普通的) harmless(无害的) lonely(孤独的,寂寞的) rewarding(有益的,值得的) smelly(发臭的) painful(疼痛的) modern(现代化的) cultural(文化的) historical(历史的) gold-covered(被金覆盖住的) amazing(令人惊异的) confident(自信的) rough(粗野的) scared(害怕的) misty(薄雾笼罩的) steep(陡峭的) alive(活着的) essential(必不可少的) gentle(平缓的,指山坡不陡峭) shiny(发亮的,发光的) wild(野生的) ancient(古代的) hybrid(杂交的) tame(驯服的) fine(极好的,相当于excellent) fascinating(着迷的) learned(有学问的,学术上的) giant(巨大的) European(欧洲式的) cultural(文化的) changeable(可改变的) powerful(强大的,有力的) timid(胆小的) forbidden(禁止的) sacred(神圣的) certain(一定(量)的) roast(烤制的) subtropical(亚热带的) wroth(值得…)
⒊Adverbs:
probably(很可能,大概地) hardly(几乎不…) absolutely(绝对地) thus(这样,如此) mostly(主要地,大部分) fairly(相当地,后面加的是褒义词) rather(相当地,后面加的是贬义词) differently(不同地) recently(最近,相当于not long ago) way(远远地) someday(某一天) properly(正常地) unfortunately(不幸地)
⒋Verbs:
renew(更新,续借) encourage(鼓励,encouraged,encouraged) canoe(划独木舟,canoed,canoed) dive(跳水,dived,dived) surf(冲浪) describe(形容,described,described) free(解放,freed,freed) bury(埋葬,buried,buried) imagine(想象,imagined,imagined) harm(损害) spit(吐(痰),spat,spat) collect(搜集) support(支持) bowl(打保龄球) book(预订) mine(开采) mount(镶嵌) tarnish(失去光泽) replace(代替) float(漂浮) attack(攻击) explore(探索) appear(出现) bark(吠叫) frighten(吓唬) graate(毕业,完成学业) picnic(野餐,注意,picnic的现在分词是picnicking) sniff(用力吸,用力嗅) decorate(装饰) overeat(吃过量,overate,overeaten) suggest(提示,提醒) affect(影响) disappear(消失) appear(出现) explain(解释) dig(挖,g,g) obey(遵守) prevent(预防) launch(发射(火箭)) provide(提供,provided,provided) increase(增长,重音在crease上面,即in`crease) decrease(减少,重音在crease上面,即de`crease) multiply(乘以…) prefer(更愿意做某事,过去式为preferred) freeze(冷冻,froze,frozen) defrost(解冻) fillet(把(鱼、肉)切成片) worry(撕咬) lie(撒谎,lied,lied) tell(分辨) wag(摇摆,wagging,wagged,wagged) treat(治疗) heal(治愈) rock(摇动) mark(标志) shoot(射,shot,shot) kick(踢) score(得分) beat(打败,beat,beaten) expect(期望) spill(溅出,spilt,spilt) describe(形容,described, described) rob(抢劫,robbed, robbed) measure(丈量,测量,measured, measured) escape(逃跑,逃脱,escaped, escaped) trap(陷入困境,trapped, trapped) bang(猛击) ride(搭乘) curl((使)卷曲) farm(耕种,干农活) sow(播种,sowed,sown) plow(耕田) cultivate(耕种) supply(提供,supplied,supplied) reap(收割) thresh(打谷) combine(联合) breed(繁殖,bred,bred) accompany(陪伴) bend(弯曲,bent,bent) fascinate(使…着迷,fascinated,fascinated) behave(举动,举止,behaved,behaved) hibernate(冬眠,hibernated,hibernated) weep(哭泣,wept,wept) mourn(哀悼) raise(募集,raised,raised) rebuild(重建) record(重音顺序为-`-,记录) earn(赚,挣) merge(合并,merged,merged) manufacture(制造,加工) raise(=plant,种植) mow(剪草) weed(除草) recognize(认出) save(存款) nibble(一点一点地咬) roar(吼叫) squeak(吱吱叫,形容老鼠的叫声) squeeze(挤) beg(乞求,乞讨,begged, begged) punish(惩罚) roast(烘烤) stuff(填充)
⒌Places:
Hawaii(夏威夷) Honolulu(火奴鲁鲁,夏威夷州首府) Waikiki(怀基基海滩) Bondi Beach(邦戴海滩) Newquay Cape Town the Capitol Building(国会大厦) the House of Representatives(下议院) the Supreme Court(最高法院) the White House(白宫) the Great Hall of the People(人民大会堂) Statue of Liberty(自由女神像) the Empire State Building(纽约国会大厦,Empire State是纽约州的nickname) Broadway(百老汇) the Wall Street(美国华尔街) the Gobi Desert(戈壁沙漠) Nepal(尼泊尔) (the island of) Cyprus(塞浦路斯岛) Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹,荷兰首都) Holland(荷兰) Belgium(比利时) Saudi Arabia(沙特阿拉伯) United Arab Emirates(阿拉伯联合酋长国,简称阿联酋,缩写为UAE) Nigeria(尼日尔爾利亚) Brussels(布鲁塞尔,比利时首都) Louisiana(路易斯安那州)
⒍Prepositions:
per(每一) besides(除了) against(对抗) around(=about,大约)
⒎Conjunctions:
whether(是否) however(然而)

Ⅱ Phrases:
on different subjects(关于不同的科目) encourage sb. to do(鼓励某人做某事) come up with(提出,想出) ride waves(在浪之间穿梭) live to(为…而生的) come across sb. / sth. (遇到某人或某事) so far(迄今为止) come true(实现,变成现实) together with(和) slow down(降低速度) the pride of(…的骄傲) speak highly of(称赞) take a tour of(做一次旅行) take … around(带领…转一圈) vote on(表决) a of(一份) such (a/an) + adj. +n. reach up into the sky(直插云霄) vote for(投票支持) vote against(投票反对) so many books = such a lot of books so much trouble = such a lot of trouble do well/badly in(在某方面做得好/不好) make a contribution to doing/sth.(对…有贡献) come out(照片冲洗出来) offer sth. to(提供…) an expert on(某方面的专家) an interview with sb.(对某人的一次采访) in just the right place(恰好在正确的位置上) search the Internet(在网上搜索资料) one’s stay at(某人在某处的经历) in the old days(在以前) for one thing(首先) feed on(以…为食) come in different sizes / shapes…(不同的大小/形状) warn sb. about(警告某人) be amazed at(着迷于…) make it possible by doing(因为做了某事而使另一件事实现) draw a moral(讲出寓意) grab … away(把…抢走) turn … down / up(把…关小 / 开大) at the age of(在…岁时) be able to(能够) ring one’s lifetime(在某人的一生中) get sb. to do(让某人做某事) try out(试验,尝试) have nothing to do with(和…没有关系) give sb. a new start in life(给某人生命中一个新的开始) be thankful to sb. for sth. / doing sth.(对某人很感激) think much of(重视,尊重) make it(达到目标) have confidence in(对…有信心) stop for (sth.)(为停下来吃/喝) stand out(突出,显眼) the heart of(…的中心) be trained to do(被训练做某事) sniff at(嗅,闻…) sniff out sth.(发现,寻找) get through the Costumes(通过海关) take drugs(吸毒) the arrival of = the coming of put up(挂起) decorate … with …(用…装饰…) go from (house) to (house) doing(从(一间房子)走到(另一间房子),一边走一边做某事) be based on(以…为依据) be to do(将要做某事) go by = go past = pass(经过…旁边 ) the diet of …(…的饮食) start … with(以…开始) finish … with(以…结束) lose one’s balance(失去平衡) keep one’s balance(保持平衡) be high in …(在…中含量很高) be low in …(在…中含量很低) cut out(停止,放弃) cut down on(减少) be made of …(由…制成,一般肉眼可以直接看出) be made from …(由…制成,一般肉眼不能直接看出) tell the time(显示时间) be used as …(被当作…使用) be on display(在展览的) be covered with feathers(被羽毛覆盖) long before(很早以前) so that(为的是) a notice to …(给…的告示) more or less(或多或少) prevent … from(预防) because of = thanks to(因为,后面加名词或短语) put … together(装配) have a good knowledge of …(在…方面有很多知识) set one’s mind to do(下决心做某事) prefer to do … rather than do …(宁愿…,也不愿…) be worth …(价值…) far away from …(离…很远) a flock of sheep(一群羊,注意,量词用的是flock) come (running) to do sth.((跑步)过来做某事) cry wolf(谎报军情) tell lies(撒谎) be excited about(为…而激动) be worn out(穿旧了) have to = have got to(不得不) buy sth. online(在线购买某物) live out in the country(住在乡村) an ad for …(一则…的广告) make a decision(做一个决定) have sth. done = ask sb. else to do sth. for you regard … as …(把…看作…) keep a pet(饲养宠物) be grateful to sb. for doing sth.(对某人做的某事而感激) make up one’s mind to do(下决心做某事) have some experience in doing sth.(在做某事上有经验) before long = soon after get an injection(打针) give sb. an injection(给某人打针) as if(好像) be busy with(忙于…) be just in time to do(恰好及时做了某事) belong to(属于) at the time of(在…时候) be home to(成为…的家) the battle of(…战役) the very best of(最好的…) be pleased with(对…感到高兴) carry on doing sth.(持续做某事) kick a goal(射门并进球) make a successful shot(进球) A beat B = B lose to A from start to finish(从开始到结束) make the score 1-0(把比分改写成1-0) expect (sb.) to do sth.(希望(某人)做某事) spill … over / on(…溅到…) from now on(从现在起) match one’s description(与某人的形容地一样) run away with(带着…逃跑) break into(破门而入) the victim of(…的受害者) steal sth. from sb.(从某人处偷得某物) one’s excuse for (not) doing(借口(不)干某事) a witness to(…的目击证人) give a description(描述,形容) be known to sb.(被某人知道) keep sb. alive(使某人存活下来) go after(追逐) meet sb. halfway(在半路上遇见某人) fall short of(不足,缺乏) be in charge of(负责…) be happy in one’s career(从事某项职业很快乐) more or less = or so(大约,差不多,要加在修饰的词后面) give sb. a ride(让某人搭乘) go to sales(去买打折商品) put sb. up(借宿) be / get used to doing(习惯于做某事,后面加的是doing,不是do) make a reservation for / of sth.(预约某物) in place of = instead of(代替,in place of的用法于instead of的用法类似) suggest (to sb.宾格) sb.主格 should do sth.(建议某人做某事,注意,这里介词用的是to) give sb. a helping hand with sth. / in doing(帮助某人) hear of(听到…消息) B.C. = before Christ(公元前) supply sth. to sb. = supply sb. with sth.(给某人提供某物) cross … with …(把…与…杂交) across between … with …(…与…的杂交品种) be known for(因为…而被知道) take a trip to(做一次旅行) back and forth(来回地) find sb./sth. + adj.(发现…很…,如find her fascinating) keep … away(防范…) live off(靠…生活) stand on(靠…站立) a second/third/fourth … leg = another leg(另一条腿) hold on to(紧抓住) hang (from …) by …(靠…挂(在…)) weep for(为…而流泪) mourn for sb.(哀悼某人) the loss/death of sb.(某人的死) call … for short(简称) on record(纪录上) get a loan(贷款) a procer of sth. = a sth. procer(某产品的生产商) earn money by doing = make money from sth.(靠…赚钱) make up(组成) earn one’s living (by doing)((靠…)生活) in town(在城市中) way(adv.) out of town(离城市很远) the heart of(…的中心) keep one’s (European) feeling(保持(欧洲式的)风格) stop for sth. to eat/drink(停下来吃/喝点东西) keep sth. as they were more than 100 years ago(保持它们100多年前的样子) much too + adj.(太…,一般是指不好的,如much too expensive) in some way(s)(在某些方面) nibble (on/at) sth.(在某物上一点一点地咬) beg to do sth.(乞求做某事) teach sb. a lesson(给某人一个教训) look down on(轻视,蔑视) draw a lesson (from …)((从…)得到一个教训) believe in(信仰) a sort of(一种…) catch disease() an increase(n.) in …(…方面的增长) a decrease(n.) in …(…方面的下降) have something to do with(与…有联系) have a high fat content(有很高的脂肪含量) put sth. inside a turkey(把某物放进一只火鸡里面) stuff a turkey with(用…填充火鸡) a herd of camel(一群骆驼,注意,量词是herd,而不是flock) prepare dinner = get the dinner ready(准备晚饭) prepare for dinner = get ready for dinner(准备吃晚饭,注意与前面两个词组的区别)

Ⅲ Patterns and expressions:
Ø Have you got any friends from abroad?
Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
(这里需注意,have got = have,但是助动词不一样,have got用have,have用do)
Ø Have you ever learned this pattern?
Yes, we have. / No, we haven’t.
(这是一种典型的现在完成时态)
Ø Grandma lost the book and can’t find it. What was worse, she lost more books.(what was worse放在句中,起到承上启下的作用,表示一种更坏的情况)
Ø Once you start, it’s hard to stop.(once的意思为“一旦”)
Ø Hawaii is famous for the beach for water sports, especially surfing, it attracts lots of people to the island.(… be famous for…, especially…, … attract to…是一个非常常用的句式)
Ø

3. 初三英语重要知识点有哪些

动词不定式一. 定义:
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语,但它仍保持动词的特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语。同时动词不定式又具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语
二. 动词不定式的构成:to+动词原形
三. 动词不定式作宾语后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。
We hope to get there before dark. The girl decided to do it herself.
动词不定式作宾语的注意事项(2点)
1. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语,但含义不同:
remember to do 记住要做某事 remember doing 记得曾经做过某事
forget to do忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事
stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事
go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来在做的事
I remember seeing you somewhere before
Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.
2. 不定式作宾语时,如带有宾语补足语,则要把不定式放到后面,用it作形式宾语,构成“主语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式”结构。
如:He found it very difficult to get to sleep.
四. 动词不定式作宾语补足语 1. 后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。
The teacher told us to do Exercise 1.
I want both of you to go. We helped her (to) repair her bike.
2. 使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。
Let’s have a rest. I saw him come in.
感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补,也可跟v-ing作宾补,前者表示动作的全部过程已结束;后者表示动作正在进行。
I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。(说明他下楼了这件事)
I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。(说明他下楼时的情景)
五. 动词不定式作状语
Later he left home to work in different cities.
He went to see a football match.
In order to catch the other students, I must work hard.
六. 动词不定式作定语一般放在所修饰的词的后面。
I need something to eat. Do you have something to read?
Tom was so excited that he had no word to say.
He is really a fool only to eat.
The man to stand here just now is our English teacher.
The doctor had no way to save the patient.
注意:(1)作定语的不定式是由及物动词组成,被修饰的名词或代词与不定式之间存在方位或方式关系需要有介词。
I am looking for a room to live in(方位关系)
We have many things to do experiments with. (方式关系)
(2)作定语的不定式是由“be + adj + prep”构成的动词短语。
Here there isn’t any book for me to be interested in.
We have done many things to proud of.
七. 动词不定式作主语To give is better than to receive.
To reach there on foot is impossible.
动词不定式作主语时,可以用it 代替,把实际主语不定式放在后面。
It’s better to give than to receive.
It’s impossible to reach there on foot.
It’s + adj + for sb. to do sth.
It’s not difficult for me to study English well.
It’s easy for him to work out this math problem.
在这个句型中,如果形容词与不定式的逻辑主语关系密切,并且形容词用来说明逻辑主语性质、品质、特点等,由of引出逻辑主语。这类形容词主要有nice, kind, good, wrong, right等。
八. 动词不定式和疑问词连用
动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which, how, where, when连用,构成不定式短语,可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。
How to do is still a question. Have you decided when to leave?
九. 动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定式是在to前加not;不带to的不定式则在动词前加not. 如:
Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day.
My mother let me not do it by myself.
被动语态两种语态:主动语态和被动语态
主动语态(The Active Voice)表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态(The Passive Voice)表示主语是动作的承受者。
构成:承受者+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
一般现在时:承受者+助动词am / is/are +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
一般过去时:承受者+助动词was / were +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
承受者+助动词shall / will be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
承受者+助动词 have/ has been+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者
被动语态用法:
1)当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁,或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时,需用被动语态。
2)当我们需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态。
3)如果需要说出动作的执行者, 用by引导出动作的执行者。
主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
主动语态变为被动语态时有以下几种情况:
1)主语+谓语动词+宾语 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(主动)We bought a book yesterday.
(被动)The book was bought yesterday.
2)主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
将主动语态中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。多数情况下将间接宾语变为主语。如果直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语前要加介词to / for。
(主动)He showed me a book yesterday.
(被动)I was showed a book yesterday.
(被动)The book was showed to me yesterday.
3)主语+谓语动词+复合宾语
含有一个由宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语,变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾语补足语保留不变,成为主语补足语。
(主动)I found him a good pupil. (宾语补足语)
(被动)He was found a good pupil. (主语补足语)
4)短语动词变为被动语态
有些短语动词相当于一个及物动词,其后可以接宾语,因此它们也有被动语态,但短语动词是不可分割的整体,变为被动语态时不可去掉其后面的介词或副词。
(主动)We should look after the patients very well.
(被动)The patients should be looked after very well by us.
5)宾语从句变为被动语态
若主动语态中是宾语从句,变为被动语态时常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在后面。 It’s said that he passed the exam.
被动语态应注意的几个特殊问题:
(1)不及物动词带介词和介词宾语,在变为被动语态时,仍然要带上介词。
(主动)The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.
(被动)The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.(2)当动词带有复合宾语时,并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时,在被动语态中应加上“to”。
(主动)They make do all the work.
(被动)We were made to do all the work.
(主动)We often hear her sing English songs.
(被动)She is often heard to sing English songs.
(主动)I see him walk to school.
(被动)He is seen to walk to school.
望采纳

4. 初三英语知识点(新目标的)

初中阶段的英语无非就是这几个时态的变化嘛:
动词不定式:动词+(to)
do
sth.
一般现在时,动词原形。
一般过去时,动词过去式。
现在进行时,is/am/are+ving.
过去进行时,was/were+ving.
一般将来时,will+动原。
过去将来时,would+动原。
现在完成时,have/has+动词过去分词(have/has+been+ving现在完成进行时)
过去完成时,had+动词过去分词

5. 初三人教版英语各单元知识点

Unit1:by 的用法 by+v-ing
Unit2:used to be 是重点 意思是 “过去常常”
Unit3:被动语态 sb should be allowed to do sth “某人应该被允许做某事
Unit4:虚拟语气 If i were …,i would …
Unit5:sth belong to sb 某物属于某人
Unit6:定语从句
Unit7:知识点多 忘了 ⊙﹏⊙
Unit8:put off+v-ing , work as, sw+adj
Unit9:被动语态 本单元重点单词:invent,be invented ,inventor
Unit10:过去完成时 标志性词语:by the time,realize
Unit11:宾语从句,注意从句的语序 和先行词
Unit12:be supposed to 句型
Unit13:make sb do sth ,make sb adj
Unit14:现在完成时:have done结构
Unit15:各个单元都有一些 单词表里单词的句型

ps:每个单元的标题很重要

6. 初三英语1到3单元语法复习提纲。

11. 动词的时态

11.1 一般现在时的用法

1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:

I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。

2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:

The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

3) 表示格言或警句。例如:

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:

I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。

比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。

第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。

返回动词的时态目录

11.2 一般过去时的用法

1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:

Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?

2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:

When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。

3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。

It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。

would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。

4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。

比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)

Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)

注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。

1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:

Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?

I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。

2)情态动词 could, would。例如:

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?

返回动词的时态目录

11.3 used to / be used to

used to + do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如:

Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。

Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。

be used to + doing: 对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。例如:

He is used to a vegetarian diet.

Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。

典型例题

---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.

---- It's 69568442.

A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't

答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。

返回动词的时态目录

11.4 一般将来时

1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如:

Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?

2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。

a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?

b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be proced next month。这出戏下月开播。

c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。

3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:

He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

返回动词的时态目录

11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如:

If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

返回动词的时态目录

11.6 be to和be going to

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如:

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)

返回动词的时态目录

11.7 一般现在时表将来

1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。

2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。

3)在时间或条件句中。例如:

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。

4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:

I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。

返回动词的时态目录

11.8 用现在进行时表示将来

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如:

I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?

返回动词的时态目录

11.9 现在完成时

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have (has) +过去分词。

返回动词的时态目录

11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时

1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。

2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。

共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:

I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)

I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)

Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)

Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争)

He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)

句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。

(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

返回动词的时态目录

11.11 用于现在完成时的句型

1)It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。例如:

It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。

This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。

注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2)This is +形容词最高级+that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。例如:

This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。

典型例题

(1) ---Do you know our town at all?

---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。

(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?

---No, it's the first time I ___ here.

A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come

答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。

注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

(错)I have received his letter for a month.

(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

返回动词的时态目录

11.12 比较since和for

Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)
注意:用句型转换的方法,很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.

返回动词的时态目录

11.13 since的四种用法

1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:

I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在这儿。

2) since +一段时间+ ago。例如:

I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿,已经有五个月了。

3) since +从句。例如:

Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,变化可大了。

Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后,变化可大了。

4) It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如:

It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。

返回动词的时态目录

11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词

1) 用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如:

He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)

I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)

2) 用于till / until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:

He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。

He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。

典型例题

1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.

A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet

答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。

2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.

---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.

A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be

答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。

返回动词的时态目录

11.15 过去完成时

1) 概念:表示过去的过去

----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。

那时以前 那时 现在

2) 用法

a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如:

She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。

b. 状语从句

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如:

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。

c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。

3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:

He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。

典型例题

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。

注意: had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如:

I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。

had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如:

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。

返回动词的时态目录

11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时

1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。例如:

When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。

2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。例如:

When I heard the news, I was very excited.

3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如:

Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

返回动词的时态目录

11.17 将来完成时

1) 构成will have done

2) 概念

a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如:

They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。

b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如:

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时,你已经到达上海了。

返回动词的时态目录

11.18 现在进行时

现在进行时的基本用法:

a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如:

We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。

b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:

Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)

c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:

The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。

It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。

d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如:

You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。

典型例题

My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.

A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.

答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。

返回动词的时态目录

11.19 不用进行时的动词

1)表示事实状态的动词,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。

This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。

2)表示心理状态的动词,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。

He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。

3)瞬间动词,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:

I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。

4)系动词,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:

You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。

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11.20 过去进行时

1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。

2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。

3) 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。

It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。

典型例题

1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.

A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes

答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when表时间的同时性,"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。

2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.

A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell

答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell(fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。

7. 初三英语知识点(全部)

Unit1:by 的用法 by+v-ing
Unit2:used to be 是重点 意思是 “过去常常”
Unit3:被动语态 sb should be allowed to do sth “某人应该被允许做某事
Unit4:虚拟语气 If i were …,i would …
Unit5:sth belong to sb 某物属于某人
Unit6:定语从句
Unit7:知识点多 忘了 ⊙﹏⊙
Unit8:put off+v-ing , work as, sw+adj
Unit9:被动语态 本单元重点单词:invent,be invented ,inventor
Unit10:过去完成时 标志性词语:by the time,realize
Unit11:宾语从句,注意从句的语序 和先行词
Unit12:be supposed to 句型
Unit13:make sb do sth ,make sb adj
Unit14:现在完成时:have done结构
Unit15:各个单元都有一些 单词表里单词的句型

ps:每个单元的标题很重要

过去常常做某事 used to do sth 习惯做某事 be used to doing sth 激光唱机 a CD player 输入 put into 全神贯注于……中 put one’s heart into 想出、提供 come up with 拾起某物 pick up sth 向某人借某物 borrow sth from sb 把某物借给某人 lend sb sth/lend sth to sb 带给某人知识 give sb knowledge 在校园内的室外 outside in the schoolyard 忘记要做某事 forget to do sth 忘记曾经做过的事 forget doing sth 第二天 the next day 上一周 last week 几天以后 several days later 迟早 sooner or later 更糟糕的是 what be worse 为……而付款 pay for… 所借的书 borrowed books 在国外 be abroad 整理床铺 make the bed 把某物归还给某人 return sth to sb 从某人处得到某物get sth from sb 顺手拿走、偷走 walk away with 鼓励某人做某事 encourage ab to do sth Unit 2 水上运动 water sports 一天三次 three times a day 尝试 have a try / want a go 遍及全世界 all over the world 许许多多、大量 a large number of 一年到头,终年 all the year round 不管 no matter 放弃做某事 give up doing sth 放弃工作 give up one’s job 以冲浪为生 live to surf 看起来令人兴奋 look exciting 因……而着名 be famous for 在A和B之间 between A and B 例如 for example 从那时起 ever since 打零工 a part-time assistant 休息一晚 have a night off 使某人舒畅(开心)make sb fit 乐趣无穷 such great fun 动身去某地 leave for sw. 一等奖 first prize 冲浪竞赛 a surfing competition 奥林匹克运动会 Olympic Games 出差,因公 on business 时光飞逝,光阴似箭,日月如梭 (How) time flies! 迄今为止 so far 到某处旅游 travel to sw. 试着做某事 trying doing sth 尽力做某事 try to do sth 一个十二岁的男孩 a 12-year-old boy / a boy of 12 实现 come true 走进、踏入 step into 减速 slow down 又过了两个小时 another two hours 高度赞扬 speak highly of 因……感到自豪 be proud of doing sth / be proud to do sth 是…..的骄傲 be the pride of sb Unit 3 造纸厂 a paper factory 找出、查明 find out 倾倒, 倒入 pour… into 污水、废水 waste water 害怕某事(物) be afraid of sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth 传到某人耳中 come to one’s ears 将某物投入 throw sth in 将某物投入某处 throw sth into sw. 帮助做某事 help (to) do sth 保持城市整洁 keep the city clean 保护环境 protect the environment 绿化中国 Greener China 乱丢某物 litter / throw sth about 以……为根据 base on /be based on 在公共场所吐痰 spit in a public place 为干某事而做出(巨大)贡献 make a (great) contribution to doing sth 砍伐 cut down 收垃圾的车 a truck collecting rubbish Unit 4 尽快 as soon/quickly as possible; as soon /quickly as one can 现在 right now 乘飞机旅行 travel by plane/ air 匆匆行程 a rushed trip 火车旅途 a train ride 打的前往 take a taxi to 卧铺车箱 a sleeping car 四处走走 walk around 感到疲惫 feel tired 打牌 play cards 一直不断干某事 keep doing sth 不断老是做某事 keep on doing sth 为某人提供某物 offer sb sth 练习干某事 practise doing sth 很快睡熟了 fall fast asleep 持久 last long 持续一段时间 last for some time 旅行 go on a trip/ have a trip / be on a trip 拍照 take photos / pictures 赶快 hurry up 在某人一生中 in one’s life 留言 leave a message 冲洗, 显影 come out Unit 5 过来、加油 come on 开家庭会议 have a family meeting 谈论 talk about 去度假 go for a holiday / go on holiday 决定干某事 decide to do sth 潜水 scuba diving 在因特网上 on the Internet 上网查寻 search the Internet 双击左键 double left click 因特网图标 the Internet icon 键入网址 type in the Website 按回车键 press the enter button 花市 a flower market 驯鹿公园 a deer park 单程 one-way trip 往返双程 round trip 珊瑚礁 coral reefs 快速列车 a fast train 向前走 walk along 照直走 go straight along 请稍等 just / wait a minute Unit 6 报警 call the police 出事故 have an accident 去冲浪 go surfing 骑马 ride a horse 拜访某人 visit sb 允许某人做某事 allow sb to do sth 使它成为可能 make it possible 水下呼吸器 the scuba machine 对……感兴趣 be interested in 摄像 make videos 制作电视节目 make a TV show 对……感到惊讶 be amazed /surprised at 保护环境 save /protect the environment 保持某物清洁 keep sth clean 清理、打扫 clean up 鼓励某人干某事 encourage sb to do sth 参加……活动 take part in sth /doing sth 长达…… as long as… 在世界上 on earth / in the world 以……为生、为主食 feed on… 在沙滩上 on the beaches 警告某人做某事 warn sb to do sth 去看望、拜访某人go to visit sb 走出 get out of 就这么定了。 That’s a deal. Unit 7 能 be able to 持续做…… keep doing sth 让某人持续做某事 keep sb doing sth 操作、从事、致力于…… work on sth 改变世界 change the world 试验新的想法(创新)try out new ideas 在校上学 be in school 与……无/有关 have nothing / something to do with… 对……感兴趣 be interested in 在12岁时 at the age of 12 铁轨 railway tracks 冲过去 rush out 把孩子抱到安全地带carry the boy to safety 如此……以致…… so… that… 对……评价高,看重 think a lot of 考虑、关心 think of 开发 open up 关小 turn dow ...

8. 九年级英语知识点有哪些

九年级英语知识点有:

1、 if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句,即:虚拟语气,通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态。所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气,虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种祝愿,建议或是与事实相反的假设等。

2、If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句,非真实条件句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时,其虚拟语气结构为:即:(从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用were),一般过去时,(主句) 主语+would+动词原形,过去将来时。

3、pretend to do sth. 假装做某事。

4、be late for 迟到,如:I am late for work/ school/ class/ party。

5、a few 与 a little 的区别,a few 一些,修饰可数名词,a little 一些,修饰不可数名词两者表肯定意义,如:He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。

6、few 少数的,修饰可数名词few 与 little 的区别,little 少数的,修饰不可数名词,两者表否定意义,如:He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。There is little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里没有多少糖。

7、hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)词前面有数词或several一词时要不能加s ,反之,则要加s 并与of 连用,表示数量很多。如:several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people 几百/千/百万/十亿人,hundreds of trees 上百棵树。

8、what if + 从句 如果…怎么办,要是… 又怎么样,如:What if she doesn’t come? 要是她不来怎么办?What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办?

9、 add sth. to sth. 添加…到…如:I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。

9. 初三英语知识点有哪些

1、时间和频度副词。

就是与表示时间、频率相关的英语单词,例如现在、每天、之前、昨天、曾经,等等:now,then,often,always,usually,early,today,lately,next,last,already,generally等。

2、地点副词。

在英语里表示地点和位置关系的副词称为地点副词,常放在动词前面。 常见的表示地点的副词是home,here,there,upstairs,downstairs等。

3、方式副词

大多数方式副词在宾语或动词后面。单一的方式副词有时可以用在主语和动词之间。常见的方式副词有:carefully、gracefully、well、fast 、badly、hard、dishonestly等。

4、程度副词

用来表示动词,形容词或其他副词的程度,一般用在动词前,常见的程度动词有:much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly。

5、疑问副词

常用在句首,用来引导名词,常见的疑问副词是:how, when, where, why。

10. 孩子上初三,英语成绩一直不好,请问如何构建英语知识学习框架

构建英语知识框架
梳理知识结构、构建知识框架是较好的学习方法之一。初三阶段,学习内容既深又广,不以构建框架式的学习方法可能会事倍而功半,达不到好的效果。如何构建英语知识学习框架?
一、巧妙识记单词
理解每一课的重点词汇、词组,用专门的小本子按词性、词意分门别类,列成条目,可随身携带,利用零碎的时间看一遍,让单词解决在不经意中。
二、及时梳理知识点
把每课中的知识点梳理归纳成句型,找出典型句,专门背上几个典型句,碰到类似的句子,可套用典型句,举一反三,学英语实际上就是套用句型;
三、理清语法规则
语法规则就是语言规则,是遣词造句的纲目,掌握了语法对理解有很大的好处,所以语法也不可轻视。每课的语法不会太多,一般一二条很容易掌握,第4单元的语法为动词不定式,只要把所学过的动词梳理一下,哪些动词接不定式,把动词列出来,加以练习就行了,如I want to be a doctor. He went to London for a holiday等。反复练习,就会巩固掌握,语法通常是和句型紧密联系的,练习语法的同时也巩固了句型,一举两得。