㈠ 求高中外研版英语必修五重点短语和知识点
细胞的衰老和凋亡以及与人体健康的关系考点4 癌细胞的主要特征及防治必修2 知识点在书后有,我也用的外研版,书后有每课要学习的知识点,很重要的,
㈡ 高二英语必修五第一课课文概括100字不是翻译,急需
概括如下:
John Snow was a well-known doctorin London in the 19th century. He wanted to find the causeof cholera in order to defeat it. In 1854 when a cholera broke out, he began to gather information.
约翰·斯诺是19世纪伦敦着名的医生。他想找出霍乱的起因,以便战胜它。1854年霍乱爆发时,他开始收集信息。
He marked_ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the pump died.
他在一张地图上标出了所有死者的住处,他发现许多喝了水泵里的脏水的人都死了。
So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the source of all water supply be examined. Finally,“King Cholera”was defeated.
因此,他认定被污染的水携带霍乱。他建议检查所有水源。最后,“霍乱王”被击败。
㈢ 英语必修五unit3reading大意
Reading
生活在未来
太空邮件:[email protected]
15/11/3008(地球时间)
亲爱的爸爸妈妈:
我现在仍然无法相信我是在接受去年获得的这个奖励。我得不断提醒自己,我真的已经进入到公元3008年了。因为担心这次旅行,头几天我心里总是不踏实,结果我得了时间滞后症。这就与你乘坐飞机会产生时差反应相似,所不同的是,在你的脑子里似乎会不断闪现以前的时光。因此,我一开始就感到神经过敏和心神不定。但是我的朋友兼导游王平很细心体贴,给了我几粒绿色药片,倒是挺起作用的。他父母的公司叫做“未来之旅”,以其技术高超而闻名。他们把我装在一个时间舱里,平安地把我送入了未来。
我仍旧记得我们被太空服务员一起叫到时间舱,爬上去进入一个小门。座位是很舒适的,喝了点镇静剂后,我们的眼睛就闭上了,感到昏昏欲睡似的。时间舱在轻轻左右摇晃,我们放松地躺在那里做梦。几分钟以后,旅程结束,我们就到了。我仍然在地球上,但是进入到了未来的一千年。我们会看到什么呢?
一开始新的环境让我很难忍受。空气似乎很稀薄,好像在混合的气体中剩下的氧气很少。由于缺乏新鲜空气,我感到头痛。正当我想努力调整适应新环境时,王平出现了。他告诉我,“把这个面罩戴上。它会使你感觉好得多。”他把面罩递给我,敦促我马上走进附近的一个小房间,叫我休息。我立刻就感到舒服些了。没过多久,我就再次站立起来,跟着他去领取了一台由电脑驱动的气垫车。这些气垫车是在地面上方漂浮着的,只要在座位上把操纵杆打弯或压下,你就可以迅速地移动。王平系紧了我的安全带,教我怎样使用它。不久,我就可以飞得跟王平一样快了。可是,当我们到达一个看上去像大市场的地方时,由于太多车子朝四面八方飞奔,我看不见王平了。他被卷入到这群车队里去了。就在这个时候我得到一次“时间滞后”的闪回,这样我就再次看到了似乎是公元2008年的那个地区。我这才懂得我被送到了未来,但却仍然在自己的家乡。就在这个时候,我又见到了王平,于是又跟在他后面飞去。
到了一幢看上去很奇怪的房子里,他把我带到一个明亮而洁净的大房间。墙是绿色的,地板是棕色的,灯光很柔和。突然墙壁移动了——原来是树形成的!后来我才发现,就是这些树的叶子为这栋房屋提供了最急需的氧气。然后王平在电脑屏幕上的开关上闪了一下,于是一张桌子和几把椅子就像变魔术那样从地板下面升了起来。“怎么不坐下来吃些东西呢?”他说道,“你第一次作这样的时间旅行,可能会感到有些困难。你可以好好休息一下。今天没有任何出行计划。明天你还要准备参观几个地方。”说完这些,他把食物摆在桌子上,又从地板下取出一张床来。他离开后,我简单吃了饭,洗了个热水澡。实在累坏了,我溜上床很快就睡着了。
以后再谈吧!
你的儿子
李强
Using language
我看到了奇妙的东西
我首先参观的是一个太空站,这个站被认为是太空中最现代化的地方。太空站像一个巨大的圆盘,在太空中缓缓的旋转,以仿照出地球重心的引力。太空站里展出了31世纪一些最前沿的发明。有个导游带领我们站在一条移动的运送带上,到各处参观。
因为不知道你是用的什么版本的教材,所以暂时给你的是人教版的。望采纳,给积分!!!!!
㈣ 高中英语必修五、选修六知识点总结(包括词组、重点句型、语法)
大的语法就是倒装和虚拟语气,具体到小的只能自己总结了。
㈤ 高二英语必修五,1-6模块总结,帮个忙,速度啊!
必修5重点词汇,短语,句子复习总结
必修五. M5 Unit 1
重点单词
characteristics environment analyze expert instruct
deliver extra physician spread remove
attend evidence pollute foresee cure
handle pump challenge neighborhood victim
affect valuable source face frighten
severe attack gather solve confuse
absorb suspected multiply clue enquiry
investigation announce movement universe reject
against theory privately create encourage
replace enthusiastic graally ignore cautious
arise punish backward solar knowledge
重点短语
put forward draw a conclusion be/get under control
expose … to … be to blame blame sb. for sth.
in addition link...to... die of/from
lead to make sense apart from
contribute to be enthusiastic about be curious about
point of view (be)strict with sb. look into
thousands of be determined to do
重点句子
1. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London – so famous, indeed, that he attended
Queen Victoria as her personal physician..
2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to
cholera.
3. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people lived.
4. He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found.
5. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed
people.
6. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their
meals.
To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the
water supplies be examined.
7. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make
sense.
8. Yet Copernicus’ theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.
9. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.
10. … he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
11. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have
punished him ….
12. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, graally improving his theory until he felt it was complete.
13. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.
14. … , so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.
15. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God’s idea and people
Who supported it would be attacked.
必修五 M5 Unit2
重点单词:
unite divide puzzle clarify relation
legal convenience attraction collection architecture
Influence project arrange wedding fold
sightseeing available delight uniform statue
thrill unfair smart suggestion province
clarify accomplish evidence connect countryside
describe conflict port unwilling administration
government institution solid remain instrial
roughly zone population construct combine
collection castle worthwhile available expand
competition invader enjoyable imaginary plus
treasure introce description error possibility
splendid original furnish guard display
quarrel tense consistent
重点短语
consist of to one’s surprise break away from
break down make a list of in memory of
feel proud of refer to link … to ….
on special occasions take the place of leave out
have an influence on at your convenience as well
in / with relation to under construction to their credit
find out on show feel proud of
重点句子
1. It is a pity that the instrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
2. You find most of the population settled in the south.
3. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United
Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
4. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she
wanted to see in London .
5. It looked splendid when first built.
6. What interested her most was the longitude line.
7. … so Pingyu had photo taken standing on either side of the line.
8. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
9. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at ….
10. Their followed St Paul’s Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666.
11. To their credit, the four countries do work together in some areas ……
必修五 M5 Unit3
重点单词
vehicle carriage mud temple private
location settlement impression constantly require
remind guide previous tablet capsule
opening surrounding lack ache mask
bend press swiftly master flash
switch optimistic pessimistic opportunity length
alien enormous imitate extraordinary helmet
assist agency skip prize transport
stewardess tolerate adjustment fasten switch
spread timetable relax exhausted citizen
typist typewriter postage postcode button
friendly fault blame observe explanation
waste greedy recycle swallow available
material absorb efficiency manufacture perform
goods representative wander motivation
重点词组
take up in all directions lose sight of/ catch sight of
in no time sweep up get / be caught in
depend on speed up give off
as a result suffer from be similar to
in no time on one’s feet be supposed to do
plenty of be previous to compare … with/to …
for health reasons jet lag under repair
search for as though show sb around
be disposed of make an impression on because of
used to do
重点句子
1. The air seemed thin as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.
2. Why not sit down and rest? = Why don’t you sit down and rest?
3. I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year.
4. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today.
5. I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too much carriages flying by in all directions.
6. I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to ….
7. Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company , called “Future Tours”, transported me safely into ….
Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency.
Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the earth’s gravity.
㈥ 高二英语 外研版 必修五知识点,短语
必修5个关键词,短语,句子复习总结
强制五位。 M5单位1
重点字
特点环境分析专家诲
提供额外的医师蔓延删除
参加证据污染空气式外汇治愈
手柄泵的挑战邻里受害者
影响非常宝贵的资源脸吓唬
严厉打击收集解决迷惑
吸收涉嫌多重线索调查
调查宣布运动宇宙拒绝
对理论私下建立鼓励
更换热情逐渐忽略谨慎 BR />出现惩罚落后的太阳能知识
重点短语
提出得出一个结论来/得到控制
暴露...到...是要怪只能怪某人。讨价还价。
除了链接...到...模具/从
铅从有助于热衷好奇的观点
点(是)对某人要求严格。研究
数千决定做
重点句子
1约翰·斯诺是一位着名的医生在伦敦。 - 。那么出名,事实上,他参加
维多利亚女王作为她的私人医生..
2,但他突发灵感时,他想到了帮助普通人接触到
。 3,他首先标明在地图上的确切地方,所有的去的人居住的地方。
4。他知道它会不会被控制,直到它的原因被发现。
5。他的极大兴趣,这两种理论的可能解释了霍乱杀害
人。
6。第二个建议人们把这种病毒引入自己的身体与他们
饭菜。
为了防止这种情况的再次发生,约翰·斯诺认为,所有
供水的来源进行审查。
7。只有当你把太阳放在却在天空中其它行星的运动使
感。
8。然而,哥白尼的理论是现在的宇宙中我们所有的想法都建立了基础。
9。他发现,它来自被污染的脏水从伦敦的河。
10 ....他发现从被链接到宽街暴发另外两个人亡的证据。
11,但他不能告诉任何人他的理论作为强大的基督教堂将有
惩罚他....
12,所以1510和1514之间,他的工作就可以了,逐步改善他的理论,直到他觉得这是完整的。
13。他放在一个固定的太阳在太阳系的中心,行星兜兜它,只有月亮仍然会围绕地球。
14 ....,所以他只出版了它,因为他弥留之际于1543年。
15。基督教教会拒绝了他的理论,说这是对上帝的想法和人民
谁支持它会被攻击
义务教育5 M5 2单元
重点词:。
团结鸿沟谜澄清关系
法律方便的吸引力集合架构
影响的项目安排婚庆倍
观光欢喜均匀雕像
快感不公平的智能建议省
澄清完成证据连接农村
描述冲突的端口不愿意管理
政府机构保持固体工业
大致区人口结构相结合
集合城堡值得可扩展
竞争侵略者愉快的虚加 BR />宝介绍说明错误的可能性
灿烂的原始配料中后卫显示器
争吵紧张一致
重点短语
包括对人的意料脱离
分解使在觉得参阅链接的骄傲...到....
在特殊的场合采取的离开了有在您方便的产生影响,以及 BR />中/有就根据建设自己的信用
找出展出的感觉
重点句子
1自豪,这是一个遗憾,建于十九世纪的工业城市做不能吸引游客。
2。你会发现大多数人口定居在南方。
3。你必须保持你的眼睛打开,如果你打算让你的旅行到美国
英国愉快和值得的。
4。由于担心时间不够用,张平舆县做了她希望看到在伦敦。
5。它看起来华丽初建时。
6。什么兴趣了她最深的是经线。
7 ....所以平舆有合影留念站在上线的两侧。
8,似乎奇怪的是,谁制定了共产主义的人应该住在伦敦去世。
9。当她看到许多游客欣赏看着....
10。他们跟着圣保罗大教堂伦敦1666年可怕的火灾后建成。
11。为了自己的信用,四国并携手合作在某些领域......
义务教育5 M5第三单元
重点字车辆运载泥寺私人
位置和解的印象不断要求
提醒周围缺乏疼痛面膜
弯曲记者迅速导以前的片剂胶囊
开法师闪现
切换乐观悲观机会长
外星人巨大的模仿非凡的头盔
协助代理跳过奖运输
空姐容忍调整拧紧开关
蔓延时间表放松疲惫的公民
打字员打字邮费邮编按钮
友好的过错归咎于观察解释
废弃物回收贪吞可用
材料吸收效率制造执行
货物代表性漂移的动力
重点词组
占用在所有方向上忽略了/看见
在任何时候扫了GET /陷于靠加快
放出,结果苦于类似
在任何时候对一个人的脚是应该做
很多是以前的比较...用/ ...
下修
搜索健康原因时差的,好像周围是因为
用来做
重点处置留下深刻的印象上的一句话
1,空气似乎很稀薄,但混合的气体中剩下的氧气很少。
2。为什么不坐下来休息? =你为什么不坐下来休息?
3。我仍然无法相信,我采取了这个奖,我赢得了去年。
4。只要放松,因为没有什么计划今天的时间表。
5。我失去了视力王平,当我们达到什么期待,因为太多的马车在各个方向飞来的像一个大市场。
6。我还记得那一刻,当空间空姐叫我们所有人....
7。驰名他们的专业知识,他父母的公司,名为“未来之旅”,我运安全地进入....
担心旅途中,我不安的第几天。
我盯着废机器的运动模型,通过它的效率吸收。
形容为一个巨大的圆盘,它缓缓旋转的空间中模仿地球的引力。 必修5。 M5第四单元
重点字
摄影师编辑版本的编辑器
文章的记者急于转让耳语
同时获取贸易案优
故意有罪技术彻底首席
罪辩护正常结合高级
准确运用抛光瓢需求
批准进程的意图令人钦佩的前辈
否认行贿详挑战的同事
经历了不寻常的职业业余期限
标题面谈困境证明简洁持怀疑态度的发布安排招
更新提交欣喜影响助手
评估证据表明损害部门
重点词组对自己渴望做某事集中
指责...的去一个故事封面故事
请务必提前有一个良好的“鼻子”讨价还价
是应该说真话牢记通知...的记笔记取决于
,以期待做出与
集(出)预约做传...到...
1句子的焦点。永远不会ZY忘记他在中国日报的办公室的第一项任务。
只有当你问了很多不同的问题,你会获得所有你
需要nkow的信息。
我不仅对摄影产生兴趣,但我花了一个业余课程在大学
来更新我的技能。
2,这是故事的结局如何。
3。你曾经在那里有人指责获得棒的错误的结束?
4,同时你要准备下一个问题取决于什么人说。
5 ....周洋还拿了一份给由本报聘请打磨风格的母语。
6。他知道如何做到这一点。
强制五位。 M5的第五单元
重点字
援助受伤器官的烧伤皮肤
毒流血伤口治疗疾病
组织症状呛血胀大
轻度肿大喉咙侵染手腕
铁电射线辐射现场
袖损伤荣誉挤潮湿
感重症严重液体想象复杂
适用仪式勇敢的压力包括:
橱柜锅炉剪刀盆地
水壶主机临时程度阻隔 BR />必不可少的重要功能受害者紧紧
极其表面的上衣令人震惊的尖叫
压力倒入影响难以承受奖
重点词组
急救受伤/燔保护...对
>取决于一遍又一遍的地方
犯病的触觉把自己的手放在
有所作为触电起飞
现在某人。与某物。一些切断
重点句子
1。烧伤被称为第一度,第二度或第三度烧伤,这取决于皮肤层被烧毁
。
2。约翰在他的房间里读书,当他听到尖叫声。
3。她躺在她前面的花园出血非常严重
4。毫无疑问,乔恩的敏捷的思维和急救技能,他在学校
学会保存斯莱德女士的生命。
5,如果烧伤的部位在手臂或腿,让他们高于心脏,如果可能的话。
用剪刀取出衣物,如果有必要
6。例子包括引起电击灼伤,燃烧的衣服,或严重的汽油
火灾。
7 ....但也有其他的时候,迅速提供急救可以挽救生命。
㈦ 谁有人教版必修五英语的笔记_(´□`” ∠)_感谢感谢
1由点到面,构建知识网络
对所学的知识点分步地进行梳理、归纳和总结,理清知识脉络。从一个简单的语法点或一个核心句型开始延伸,理清它们的变化形式、变化规律以及与时态、语态等的关联。所谓由点到面,构建知识网络。
2由面到点,加深记忆,查漏补缺
回归课本,查缺补漏,打好基础。以单元为单位展开复习,回忆每单元所学的主要内容,包括核心单词、重点句型和语法,以及需要掌握的对话等。回忆时要有框架,由面到点,比如先通过目录页回忆每个单元的话题,然后再回忆细化的知识点。
3聚焦重难点,巩固易错点
对每单元中的重点内容(词汇、句型和语法)和在练习中易错的点作进一步的复习,解决重点、难点和疑点,加深理解。多看错题本,攻克错题。
4经典题目自测,检验复习效果
对复习效果进行检测,会产生成就感或紧张感,从而自觉主动地去学习,同时可以及时调整复习方法。在复习完成时,选取一定数量的题目进行检测非常有必要。多做典型题,摸清规律,学会举一反三,但不提倡题海战术。
想要考个好成绩,除了熟练掌握单词、语法、句型,还要有正确的答题技巧
㈧ 必修五英语第一单元课文可以分成几个部分,每个部分的大意
第一段课文就分成三个部分,差不多,嗯,有那个reading,还有后面的task任务部分有那个语法。哦,其他的东西就是分于老师给你看吗?希望我的回答对你有所帮助。
㈨ 牛津英语必修五复习提纲
定义及构成
非谓语动词主要包括不定式&动名词&分词(现在分词和过去分词),.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分
它有三种形式:不定式,分词(现在分词、过去分词),动名词
1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:
(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
(2)都可以被状语修饰:
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如:
He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)
He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)
We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)
Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)
(4)都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)
The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)
We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)
We being League member, the work was well done.
(现在分词的逻辑主语)
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:
(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
(4)谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。
(5)英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。
[编辑本段]功能及用法
(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征.
否定式:not + (to) do
(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后.
例如:
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2.不定式的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
常用句式有:1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。
(2)作表语:
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
(3)作宾语:
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
(4)作宾语补足语:
在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
(5)作定语:
动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系:
①动宾关系:
I have a meeting to attend.
注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②说明所修饰名词的内容:
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:
He is the first to get here.
(6)作状语:
①表目的:
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:
wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.
right:To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果):
He arrived late only to find the train had gone.
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因:
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度:
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
(7)作独立成分:
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
(9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
(二)动名词:
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
1.动名词的形式: Ving
否定式:not + 动名词
(1)一般式:
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(2)被动式:
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
(3)完成式:
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
(4)完成被动式:
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
(5)否定式:not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
(6)复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2.动名词的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
(2)作表语:
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。
(3)作宾语:
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
(4)作定语:
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?
(5)作同位语:
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
(三)现在分词:
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式:
否定式:not + 现在分词
(1)现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。
(2)现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2.现在分词的句法功能:
(1)作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
(2)现在分词作表语:
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
(3)作宾语补足语:
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
(4)现在分词作状语:
①作时间状语:
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语:
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语,表示伴随:
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。
④作条件状语:
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语:
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语:
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语:
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格:
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head.
我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分:
udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看,他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。
(四)过去分词:
过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能:
1.过去分词作定语:
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2.过去分词作表语:
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:
The window is broken.(系表)
The window was broken by the boy.(被动)
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如:
boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)
newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳)
the changed world(变了的世界)
这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语:
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。
4.过去分词作状语:
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间)
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件)
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步)
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞。
[编辑本段]典型习题
1.The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C,did’t include women players until 1919.
A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing
析:根据题干,必须选表示被动的选项,故排除A、D;因B选项表“将要被举行”意,不合题干之用,只有C选项(相当于which was first played)才合用。
2.European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A.making B.makes C.made D.to make
析:B、C是谓语动词,在此不可用。D项to make或表目的,或表“将要使得”,这都不合题干情景。只有A.making,可作状语,表结果。再举一现在分词作结果状语例:
The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽车被大风雪所阻,因而耽误了。
3.Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.
A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking
析:根据this evening,应选表示将来义的选项,C、D应排除。Take后无宾语,必然要用被动式,故答案为A。
4.John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing
析:根据be made to do sth.句式,可定答案为A。
5.The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.
A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating
析:根据warn sb.(not)to do sth.句式,可排除B、D两项;又根据非谓语动词的否定式not总是在首位的规律,又可排除A,而定C。
6.——I usually go there by train. ——Why not ______ by boat for a change?
A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
析:此题可根据why not后直接跟原形动词规律而一举确定正确答案为D。若将B项改为try to go,则要根据其与try going意义之别来确定答案。依据题干对话内容,乙方是建议甲方尝试乘船变变花样,所以答案仍为D。
7.______ a reply,he decided to write again.
A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received
析:非谓语动词的否定式not应置于首位,B、D皆为错误形式。A项不能表达先于decided的动作,只有选C项才表没收到信在先,决定再写信在后,所以C为正确答案。
8.Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.
A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having mvented
析:consider表“考虑”意时,其后动词用doing形式,此处不表“考虑”,而表“认为”,这时consider后作宾语补足语或主语补足语多为to do,to have done,to be等形式。据此可排除B、D两个选项。又因A表“要发明”意,不合题用,只有C表“发明了”意,才合题用,故选C。
9.Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa.
A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited
析:“被邀请参加晚会”,应选表被动意的选项,B不可用。D项少引导词who,也应排除。又因短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作定语,C也应排除,只有A.invited(=who were invited)才是正确答案。
10.The murderer was brought in,with his hands ______ behind his back.
A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tired D.tied
析:B表主动意,应排除。C表“将要被捆绑”,A表“正在被捆绑”都不合题意,只有D项填入空白才能表达“双手被反绑着”这一意思,符合题干情景。再看一类似例句: He came in,(with)his head held high.他昂首走了进来。