1. 新目标八年级上册英语一二三单元重要的结构组成
Unit One
1.how often 多久一次
2.hardly ever 几乎不
3.as for 至于
4.junk food 垃圾食品
5.a lot of 许多
6.of course 当然
7.look after 照顾
8.do exercise 锻炼
9.make a difference 有区别\有重要性
10.surf the Internet 浏览因特网
11.Animal World 动物世界
12.do homework 做家庭作业
13.a healthy lifestyle 健康生活方式
14.get good grades 获得好成绩
15.get up 起床
16.keep in good health 保持健康
17.once or twice a week 每周一两次
18.eating habits 饮食习惯
19.ten to eleven times 十到十一次
20.pretty healthy 相当健康
21.go to the movie 去看电影
22.watch TV 看电视
23.read books 看书
24.the result for “watch TV”
看电视调查结果
25.be good for 对…有益
26.want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事
27.try to do sth 试着做某事
28 .how many hours 多少小时
Unit Two
1.have a cold 患感冒
2.a few 有些
3.at the moment 此时\现在
4.have a stomachache 肚子疼
5.have a sore throat 嗓子疼
6.have a fever 发烧
7.lie down 躺下
8.see a dentist 看牙医
9.have a headache 头疼
10.have a toothache 牙疼
11.hot tea with honey 热茶加蜂蜜
12.stressed out 紧张
13.go to bed early 早睡觉
14.listen to music 听音乐
15.go to party 参加音乐会
16.on the other hand 在另一方面
17.stay /keep healthy 保持健康
18.have a sore back 背疼
19. Chinese doctors 中医
20.a balance of yin and yang
阴阳平衡
21.too much 太多
22.a balanced diet 饮食平衡
23.go out at night 在晚上出去
24.feel well 感觉舒服
25.conversation practice 对话练习
26.host family 房东
27.give sb a fever 导致某人发烧
Unit Three
1.at home 在家
2.how long 多久
3.get back 回来
4.think about 思考
5.decide on 决定\选定
6.theGreat Wall 长城
7.go fishing 去钓鱼
8.take a vacation 去度假
9.something different 不同的东西
10.go camping 去野营
11.go hiking 徒步行
12.show sb. sth. 给某人看某物
13.have a good time 玩得愉快
14.go bike riding 骑自行车行
15.go sightingseeing 去观光
16.go fishing 去钓鱼
17.rent videos 租录像带
18.take walks 去散步
19.vacation plans 假期计划
20.plan to do sth. 计划去做某事
21.make a movie 拍一部电影
22.go swimming 去钓鱼
23.go shopping 去购物
Unit 1
1. go to the movies=go to the cinema 看电影
2. look after=take care of 照顾
3. surf the Internet 上网
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skateboarding 去划板
6. (be) in good health =（be）healthy身体健康
7. keep healthy=keep in good health 保持健康
8. as for至于
9. take/do exercise=play/ do sports锻炼,做运动
10. eating habits 饮食习惯
11. the same as 与……相同
12. once a month一月一次
13. be different from 不同
14. twice a week一周两次
15. make a difference to 对什么有影响
16. how often 多久一次
17. although=though虽然
18. most of the students=most students大多数学生
19. activity survey活动调查
20. go shopping=do some shopping 购物
21. do homework做家庭作业
22. do housework做家务事
23. junk food垃圾食物
24. be good/bad for 对……有益(害)
25. on/at weekends 在周末
26. want to do sth=would like to do sth
=feel like doing sth 想要做某事
27. want sb to do sth
= would like sb to do sth想要某人做某事
28. try to do sth 尽量做某事
try doing sth.试着做某
try one’s best to do sth.尽力做某事
29. come home from school放学回家
30. of course=certainly=sure当然
31. get good grades取得好成绩
32. help sb （ to ）do sth 帮助某人做某事，
33. help sb with sth在某方面帮助某人
34. a lot of =lots of=many /much许多，大量的
Unit 2
1. have/ catch a cold=have got a cold 感冒
2.a sore back/throat 背(咽喉)痛
3. have a stomachache 胃痛
4. lie down and rest 躺下休息
5. see a dentist 看牙医
6. drink lots of water 多喝水
7. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
8. a good idea 好主意.
9. stressed out 筋疲力尽
10. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
11. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医医生
12. a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和
13. too much yin 阴气太盛
14. a balanced diet饮食平衡
15. healthy/yin/yang food 健康(阴性，阳性)食品
16. at the moment = now 此刻
17. enjoy oneself = have a good time =have fun
=have a wonderful time 玩得高兴,过得愉快
19. host family 寄宿家庭
20. conversation practice会话练习
21. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事，
like doing sth 喜欢做某事，
practice doing sth. 练习做某事,
mind doing sth. 介意做某事，
finish doing sth. 完成某事,
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事,
keep doing sth. 坚持做某事.
can’t stand doing sth.忍不住做某事
have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快
Unit 3
1. spend time with friends和朋友们一起度过时光
2. a sports camp 运动野营
3. how about= what about ……怎么样
4. go camping 去野营, go shopping 去买东西,
go swimming 去游泳, go boating去划船,
go skating 去溜冰, go walking去散步,
go climbing 去登山, go dancing去跳舞,
go hiking 去徒步远足, go sightseeing 去观光,
go bike riding 骑自行车旅行, go fishing 去钓鱼
5. do some shopping 买东西, do some washing 洗衣服,
do some cooking 作饭, do some reading读书,
do some speaking训练口语
6. how long 1)多长时间 (询问动作在时间上所延续的长度)
2）多长 （询问事物的长度）
7. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.出示某物给某人看
give me the book=give the book to me 给我书,
pass me the cup=pass the cup to me 把杯子递给我,
sell me the house=sell the house to me把房子卖给我
buy me a book =buy a book for me 给我买书,
make me a cake=make a cake for me给我做蛋糕
8. get back=come back回来
9. take walks=go for walks散步
10. think about 考虑
11. decide on= decide upon 决定计划
12. something different 不同的事情
13. a great/exciting vacation 愉快的(令人激动的)假期
14. can’t wait to do sth. 等不及做某事
15. a famous movie star 着名的影星
16. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事
17. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
2. 初一上册英语1-12单元语法知识点
一. 词汇
⑴ 单词
1. 介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表示"在……中"， "在……内"。例如：
in our class 在我们班上
in my bag 在我的书包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里
2). on 表示"在……上"。例如：
on the wall 在墙上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上
3). under表示"在……下"。例如：
under the tree 在树下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下
4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如：
behind the door 在门后
behind the tree 在树后
5). near表示"在……附近"。例如：
near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近
near the bed 在床附近
6). at表示"在……处"。例如：
at school 在学校
at home 在家
at the door 在门口
7). of 表示"……的"。例如：
a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画
a map of China 一张中国地图
2. 冠词 a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如an apple.
a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。
This is a cat.
这是一只猫。
It's an English book.
这是一本英语书。
His father is a worker.
他的爸爸是个工人。
the既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat?
戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where's the bag?
------ It's on the desk.
------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀？
------ 我能看见一个书包。
------ 书包在哪呀？
------ 在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如：
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。
②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如：
Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗？
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗？
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。
⑵记住它们的特殊用法。
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中，这一点我们不久就会学到。例如：
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗？
②any也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如：
Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。
some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点，希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。
4.family
family看作为一个整体时，意思是"家庭"，后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ；如把family看作为家庭成员时，应理解为复数，后面的谓语动词be应用are。
My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。
My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。
Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋"，侧重居住的建筑本身。
His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。
My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。
He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。
It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。
5. little的用法
a little dog 一只小狗，a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。
*但little还可表示否定意义，意为"少的"，加不可数名词。
There is little time. 几乎没时间了。
There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。
⑵ 词组
on the desk 在桌子上
behind the chair 在椅子后
under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中
near the door 在门附近
a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片
look at the picture 看这张图片
the teacher's desk 讲桌
a map of China 一张中国地图
family tree 家谱
have a seat 坐下，就坐
this way 这边走
二. 日常用语
1. Come and meet my family.
2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.
3. Glad to meet you.
4. What can you see in the picture?
I can see a clock / some books.
5. Can you see an orange?
Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
6. Where's Shenzhen?
It's near Hong Kong.
7. Let me see.（口语）让我想想看。
see 在这是"明白、懂了"，不可译作"看见"。例如：
8. Please have a seat.
seat表示"座位"，是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐"，也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。
三. 语法
1. 名词所有格
名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式：
（1）. 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如：
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
（2）. 如果复数名词以s结尾，只加"'"。例如：
Teachers' Day 教师节
The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
（3）. 如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加"'s"。例如：
Children's Day 儿童节
Women's Day 妇女节
（4）. 表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如：
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s"，而常常用介词of的短语来表示。
a map of China 一幅中国地图
the name of her cat 她的猫的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。
（1）. 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 请进。
（2）. 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看书。
Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。
3. There be 的句子结构
There be是一个"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思，
肯定句的形式为：There be + 名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。
be动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时，be动词为are；当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如：
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
（1）there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式为：There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。
There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。
（2）there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗？
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗？
---No, there aren't. 没有。
（3）特殊疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)？"某地有多少人或物？"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。
（4）如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语？
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水？
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物？差不多 就这些了
3. 七年级下123单元英语知识点
牛津英语7B Uni3学案
内 容 Unit3 Finding your way
课
前
预
习
听读
单词 听磁带，读单词。做到课前能基本会读将要学习的单词。
应
掌
握
的
语
言
知
识 掌握下列词的用法：
way,down,afraid,north,northwest,east,south,west,twin,police,uniform,ring,
robber,drive,quickly,push,away,fail,knife,work,station,route,along,road,right,
another,light,traffic,jump,suddenly,surprise,note,smile,mean,open,laugh,
happily,move,crossroads,cross,hotel,round,straight,Zebracrossing,corner,
across,through, bridge, pool,stair,railway,step,side, join,gate,bring, exit, paper,
turning,field,ground,market,everybody,monitor,bank,follow,report,forward,
entrance,correct,win,cloudy,set,campfire,towards,footbridge, farewell,tunnel
掌握下列词组的用法：
go down,go up,be sure,be afraid,bus stop,know the way,have to,be north of, be north-west of,drive/run to,at once,run out of, in police uniform,push into,drive away,get out of/into, take different routes,go along,jump out of,try to do, try again,be surprised to do sth,turn left/right into, take another route,run away quickly,at the traffic lights,meet at the police station,a lucky escape, swim across…walk round…jump over,at the other side of,take part in,join…, all day,walk past,all over the world,millions of,invite…to
了解并掌握下列句子的用法：
Don`t be afraid.
Can you tell me the way to…
Cross the road and you`ll see the museum.
Take the second turning on the left.
Walk past… / Go straight on.
Will you join us?
When/where shall we meet?
I hope it won`t rain tomorrow.
We are happy to invite you to a farewell party for …
IV.掌握并会运用下列语法：
介词：across,along,through…
一般将来时
朗读
与背诵 朗读：P49, P50, P57
背诵：P42，P44，P53，P56
中心任务 运用所学知识，书写邀请函并在邀请函的语境中组织信息并指明路线。
7BUnit3分课时教学要求（Period 1）
教学内容 Comic strips and Welcome to the unit
教
学
要
求 单词 四会：way, down, afraid, north ,north-west, south-west, east, south, north-east, south-east
其它：follow
词组 四会：1.go down 2. go up 3. be sure 4. be afraid 5. the Sunnyside Garden
6. bus stop 7. by underground 8. know the way 9. have to 10.be north of 11.be north-west of
句
子 重点句:
Follow me.
Come with me.
Don’t be afraid.
Let’s go down here.
The zoo is north of Beijing Secondary School.
We can go by bus/by underground.
难句: I think we’ll have to go up again.
朗读/
背诵 背诵 Comic strips ; 朗读 Part A, PartB
能力
目标 1. 能辨别方位。
2. 能谈论参观访问和交通方式。
巩固练习 翻译
1.跟我来。
2.和我一起来/跟我来。
3.从这儿下。
4.不得不再上（山）去。
5.别害怕。
6.确信/有把握
7.别那么肯定。
8.让我们去动物园吧。
9.好的。我们将乘地铁去。
10.在……的北/南/西北面
句型转换
1．Be late for school.（改为否定句）
2．The Sunnyside Garden is north-west of the Zoo.（一般疑问句）
3．She goes to school by bus.（划线提问）
4．He walks to the supermarket.（同义句）
5．They go the restaurant by bike.（同义句）
7B Unit3分课时教学要求（Period 2, 3）
教学内容 Reading
教
学
要
求 单词 四会：robber, drive, quickly, police, uniform, push, away, fall, twin, ring, must, into, again, road, station, note, smile, surprised, mean, open, laugh, happily, move, knife, work, route, along, right, another, stop, traffic, light, jump, suddenly
其它：character, van, report, forward, set
词组 四会：
drive/run to, at once, run out of, in police uniform, push into, drive away, take different routes, get out of/into, go along, jump out of, try to do sth, try again, be surprised to do sth, turn right into Fourth Street, turn left into Park Road, take another route, at the traffic lights, run away quickly, meet at the police station, a lucky escape
其它：
live nearby, be surprised at sth, stop doing sth, the back of a green van, report to sb, take notes, laugh happily
句
子 重点句:
Let’s run to the police station on Fourth Street.
Shall we take different routes?
I’ll go along Sixth Street.
Then I’ll turn left into Park Road.
Justin and Paul jump out of the van and run away quickly.
难句:
Paul tries to open the door but fails.
He is surprised to see the three men in the police station.
朗读/
背诵 朗读、分角色表演课文
教学
重点 学会阅读剧本故事，能根据语境推测故事内容的发展。
读懂故事中的一系列事件及人物采取的行动。
根据路线在地图上标出记号，识别具体细节。
巩固练习 回答问题
1.Who calls the twins?
2.What do the three men do when they see the twins?
3.How do the twins open the back door of the van?
4.Who do the twins see at the police station?
T or F
1.Paul uses a knife to open the back door of the van. (
2.The twins want to tell the police about the robbers. The station is on 5th street.
3.When the van stops at the Hill Building, the twins jumps out of the van.
4.Justin and Paul take different routes to the Police Station.
5.At the police station, the twins are surprised, because there are no policeman there.
6. The policeman catch the robbers after the twins tell them about it.
缺词填空
One day, Justin and Paul get a _____ from Susan. She shouts there are some _______ in the building. They drive there quickly. Three men push them into a _____ and drive ______. Paul uses a ________ and opens the _____ door. When the van stops at the _______ _______. They jump out of the van. They take different ______ to arrive at the police station. They are ________ to see the three men in it. The policemen catch the three men because the robbers dod not close the back door.
7B Unit3分课时教学要求（Period 4）
教学内容 Vocabulary
教
学
要
求 单词 四会：crossing, crossroads, straight, corner, hotel, cross
三会：entrance, correct
词组 掌握：on your left, zebra crossing
朗读背诵 朗读 并背诵Part A、Part B中的单词和句子。
能力目标 1． 认识各种交通标志。
2． 学会给别人指路，能对他人指引的路线做出正确反应。
.
巩固练习
翻译
一直走直到你到交通灯处.
在斑马线处向左转.
在马路的拐角处向右转.
在电影院的入口处有许多店.
红灯时请不要穿越马路.
4. 初三英语1到3单元语法复习提纲。
11. 动词的时态
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2）情态动词 could, would。例如：
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？
返回动词的时态目录
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.4 一般将来时
1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be proced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
返回动词的时态目录
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如：
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
返回动词的时态目录
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）
返回动词的时态目录
11.7 一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。
2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3）在时间或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？
返回动词的时态目录
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。
返回动词的时态目录
11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）
Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）
He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）
He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
返回动词的时态目录
11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：
This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
（1） ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
返回动词的时态目录
11.12 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。）
I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）
注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
返回动词的时态目录
11.13 since的四种用法
1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：
I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。
2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3） since +从句。例如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。
4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词
1） 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果）
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）
2） 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.15 过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：
She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
3） 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1） 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。
2 ） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3） 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
返回动词的时态目录
11.17 将来完成时
1） 构成will have done
2） 概念
a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时，你已经到达上海了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.18 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）
c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.19 不用进行时的动词
1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
返回动词的时态目录
11.20 过去进行时
1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。
3） 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。
典型例题
1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell（fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
5. 初二下学期英语1-3单元知识点
1-3单元八年级下
Unit1
1.
免费
be
free
3.
活到200岁
live
to
be
200
years
old
5.
更少的污染
less
pollution
7.
更少地使用地铁
use
the
subway
less
9.
更多的高楼
more
tall
buildings
11.
十年后
in
ten
years
13.
住的地方
places
to
live
15.
住在太空站
live
on
the
space
station
17.
住在公寓
live
in
an
apartment
19.
一个人住
live
alone/by
oneself
21.
去滑冰
go
skating
23.
看起来很时髦
look
smart
25.
穿着随意
dress
casually
27.
实现
come
true
29.
在未来
in
the
future
八年级下
Unit
2
argued
with
sb.
与某人生气
have
an
argument
with
sb.与某人生气
out
of
style
不时髦的
in
style
时髦的
keep
out
不让……进入
call
sb.
up
打电话给……
on
the
phone
用电话交谈
pay
for
付款
part-time
job
兼职工作
Teen
Talk
青少年论坛
the
same
as
与…同样的
get
on
相处
as
much
as
possible
尽可能多
all
kinds
of
各种
on
the
other
hand一方面
borrow
sth.
from
sb.向某人借某物
found
out
找出
is
popular
at
school
在学校受欢迎
except
me
除了我
have
a
quick
supper
去吃快餐
not……until
直到……才
try
to
do
试着去做
complain
about
doing
sth.抱怨做某事
seem
to
do
comparing…with
把…与…做比较
think
for
为…着想
find
it
+adj.+to
do
sth.发现做某事很怎样
learn
to
do
学会做某事
八年级下
Unit
3
barber
shop
理发店
get
out
出去
take
off
起飞
train
station
火车站
come
in
进来
Beijing
International
Airport北京国际机场
hear
about
听说
take
place
发生
World
Trade
Center世界贸易中心
as…as
和…一样
in
front
of
在…的前面
clean
my
room打扫我的房间
sleep
late
睡懒觉
make
a
smooth做思木西
cook
dinner
做晚饭
eat
lunch
吃中午饭
cut
hair
剪头发
have…experience有…经历
in
the
morning
在早晨
walk
down
走下来
very
surprised
非常惊奇
souvenir
shop
纪念品商店
TV
station
电视台
in
the
museum
在博物馆
climb
a
tree
爬树
jump
down
跳下
take
a
photo
照相
called
the
police报警
rode
his
bicycle
骑自行车
buy
a
newspaper买一份报纸
run
away
逃跑
think
about
考虑…做某事
for
example
举例子
heard
about
听说
having
fun
玩的高兴
in
silence
在…
told
us
告诉我们
in
space
在太空
over
the
world遍及全世界
became
famous因…而出名
next
to
挨着
6. 人教版初二英语上册1-3单元知识点
重点词组辨析
今天我们主要总结一下八年级下册的英语书中的主要词组。与上册书比起来，下册书明显单词量大了，词组短语的难度也加大了。上一次的学习，我们主要是一个一个模块的学习，这次我们做一次总结性学习，就是把特点相同，长相相似的短语放在一起学习，以便我们记忆。
1.up系列 up是英文中的一个副词，主要表示“向上的”，我们在这本书中学过的有：
tidy up 打扫，收拾（起来） Tom, you need to tidy up your room every day.
take up 占用地方 The new piano will take up too much space.
look up 向上看，查找 She is looking up at the bird.
I will look up the new words in the dictionary.
如果是“向上看”的话，look up和at搭配，毕竟还是偏向“看”的意思
如果是“查找”的话，注意look up后面跟要查找的内容，在哪里查找放在“in”后面
come up 出现，发生
hurry up 赶快
注意，这是一个不及物的短语，不能用于被动语态
wake up 醒来 The long noise woke him up.
pick up 捡起，接站 I picked up the grass from the floor.
We will pick you up at the station tomorrow.
注意：up这里面是副词，表示动作的趋向性或者结果，如果一个词组的宾语恰巧是代词（像上面最后一句），那么这个代词要放在动词和副词的中间。
2. on 系列。On 也是英文中比较常见的构成短语的成分，on 主要有三种意思：
（1）在……上面,引申为“依赖”这里on是介词。主要的短语有：
depend on 依赖，依靠（在……上面） Success depends on hard work.
Perform operation on: 在……身上做手术
On one’s own 独自（靠自己） He did all the work on his own.
（2）开启状态，这里面“on”是副词，主要的短语有：
turn on: 打开 (电器设备)
If you want to listen to the news, please turn on the radio.
switch on: 点开（电器设备）
Switch on the computer first, if you want to play games.
（3）保持一种状态，持续，主要的短语有：
come on: 加油 Come on! Don’t give up.
hold on: 坚持,别挂断电话：Hold on please, I will get her for you.
基本上，on充当短语一部分离不开这几个意思，学习上比较如一记忆。
3. off系列。副词off表示“离开”或者“没有”，学过的短语主要有：
turn off 关上：这里面off表示电器设备的“关闭”状态，与on是反义词
If you think it is too noisy, I will turn off the radio.
see off 送别：I will see you off at the airport tomorrow.
take off 脱掉：Please take off the coat when you enter the hall.
以上的几个系列是按照副词介词划分的，下面我们再说说其它形式的。
4. a --- of系列，这个系列，中间放名词，表示一个集合，常用的有：
a lot of 许多： There are a lot of good girls.
a list of 一栏，一列 The doctor gave me a list of food that I couldn’t eat.
a collection of 一系列（藏品） I have a collection of dolls.
a couple of 几个 He just stayed here for a couple of minutes
从上面的例子中，我们不难看出，如果这样的短语后面跟可数名词，那么这个名词一定是复数形式的。
5. as 系列 八年级上册学过的as 系列的短语特别多，我们就来总结一下。
as well as 也，还有 There are a lot of homework, English as well as Chinese
as long as 只要 I will always be with you as long as you love me.
as soon as 一……就…… I will give you a call as soon as I arrive there.
以上这三个词组都是as + 形容词原级＋as的用法，它们本身的意思是“像……一样……”，如as long as是“像……一样长”但是我们这里给的例子都是它们的引申义，但是as系列的短语还没有完：
such as 例如（经常用于列举）I have many hobbies such as piano, movie, etc.
as a result: 结果是 As a result of the bad marks, he was not allowed to play computer games.
6. end 系列，再此系列中，我们主要讲三个短语，分别是：
at the end 在―尽头处，末尾处 by the end 截止到in the end 最终，最后
at the end可以和时间，地点随意搭配，我们可以说：
I met him at the end of last year. 我去年的年底见过他。（和时间搭配）
I saw him at the end of the street. 我是在街的尽头看到他的。
At the end of常和一般时态（一般现在时，一般过去时）搭配
By the end of只能够和时间搭配，我们可以说：
He has earned eight thousand dollars by the end of this month.
截止到这个月末，他已经挣了8000美元了。
By the end of常和完成时态搭配，表示从过去到现在。
In the end 首先，这个短语没有of，它是单独使用的，表示最终
In the end, the prince and the princess lived ever after.
最终，王子和公主快乐的生活在一起。
与这个短语有着相近意思的还有：finally, at last.
7. 一些时间状语短语
（1）right now 现在，其实就是now，加上right表示强调，如：
Right now, we are climbing the mountain. 现在我们正在登山。
有right now的句子一般都是现在完成时。
（2）day by day 一天接一天，表示不停歇，如：
She works hard day by day. 她一天接一天的努力工作。
这个时间状语主要用于一般时态（一般现在时，一般过去时）
（3）at the end of 在结束的时候 和一般时态搭配
（4）by the end of 截止到 和完成时态搭配
8. 一些可以用于逻辑转换或者语气转化的短语
（1）after all: 毕竟，如：
Don’t blame him. After all, he didn’t intend to make the mistake.
别责备他。毕竟他不是成心犯错误。
（2）by the way 顺便说一下，用于突然转换话题，如：
It is nice talking to you. By the way, can you give me your phone number?
和你聊天和愉快。对了，能告诉我电话号码么？
（3）in fact: 事实上，如：
Don’t ask me about the problem. In fact, I know nothing about it.
别问我这个问题。事实上，我在这方面一窍不通。
（4）at least 至少，如：
In the summer vacation, we have at least one month off.
在暑假中，我们至少有一个月可以休假。
（5）in spite of 尽管有（后面跟名词），如：
They won the game in the end in spite of the difficulties.
尽管有困难，他们还是取得了比赛的胜利。
（6）to some extent 从某种程度上讲，注意extent不可数，如：
To some extent, Shakespeare is a promoter of English culture.
从某种程度上讲，莎士比亚是英国文化的推广者。
从以上所给的例句中，我们可以发现，这些例句都有比较明确的上下文，的确，对于这种短语而言，上下文非常重要。而且用逻辑通顺的连词词组填空越来越成为各种考试的重点，无论是单项选择还是完形填空，补全对话都倾向于这样的考核模式，所以同学们要多加小心。
9. to 系列。
我们学过的to有两种词性，ask sb. to do sth.里面的to是不定式的标志，后面跟动词原形，这里我们不作说明。我们主要谈谈to充当介词的用法，主要例子有：
belong to 属于，如：
If you can answer my question correctly, all the money will belong to you.
give one’s life to 把生命献给，如：
He gave his life to fighting for the freedom of the country.
他把生命献给了争取国家自由的斗争。
当to充当介词的时候，它一般表示方向，就像一个箭头，比如belong to “to”后面跟什么，这个箭头就指向谁，主语就属于谁。我们再使用的时候一定要小心。 初二常考词汇再现
撰稿：周可勇 校对：陈丽萍
复习提示：
在我们过去两年的英语学习测试中，有一些词的考试频率很高，我们在此列出一些供大家复习巩固一下记忆。
1．make
be made from 由……原料制成 （不能看出原材料）
be made of 由……原料制成（能看出原材料）
A desk is made of wood. 桌子是由木材制成的。
Paper is made from wood too. 纸是由木材制成的
相关搭配：
make a mistake 犯错误 make the bed 铺床
make a fire 生火 make fun of 讥笑
make a law 制定法律 make of 组成
make progress 取得进步 make a phone call 打一个电话
make up one’s mind 下决心 make money 赚钱
make use of 利用 make a living 谋生
make friends with... 和......交朋友 make a face 做鬼脸
2．take
1) v. 拿走，带到某处去： take away 拿走，拿开；take-away a. 可带走的
2) v. 喝，吃，服：take medicine服药
3) v.乘坐；占用；买下；量取
You can take a bus to go there. 你可以乘公共汽车去那。
I’ll take two pounds of tea. 我要买两磅茶叶。
take pressure 量血压 take one's temperature 量体温
4) v.花费：it takes sb. sometime to do sth.
It took me two hours to reach school. 花了我两个小时才到学校。
5) take的其他相关搭配：
take off 脱掉 take care of 照顾
take on 呈现 take out 拿出
take over 接管 take part in 参加
take up 开始从事 take place 发生
3．take place与 happen
这两个词都表示发生的意思，但含义各不相同。happen一般指事故，事情的发生，具有偶然性；而take place指事先安排或计划了的事情、事件的发生，没有偶然性。
This happened in New York. 这事发生在纽约。
Great changes have taken place in our country. 我们国家发生了巨大的变化。
4．game, match与sports
game指必须遵守一定规则的、决定胜负的游戏。另外，games一般指大型国际体育运动会，如the Olympic Games奥林匹克运动会。
match是在英国常用的“比赛”表达，美国常用game。sport统指一切运动方式或户外消遣，可以是娱乐性的，也可以是竞赛性的，如打球、游泳、钓鱼、打猎等。另外，sport还可指运动会= sports meet.
Skiing is a splendid sport.滑雪是一项极好的运动。
5．have
have a cold/fever/headache 感冒/发烧/头痛
have a good time. 玩得很高兴 enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴
We had a good time （enjoyed oneself）at the party. 聚会上我们玩得很开心。
have sth. done 表示“请（使）人完成某事”。
I had my bicycle mended yesterday.
have been to 和 have gone to：
have been to“曾经到过某地”，人已不在那个地方。have gone to“至某地去了”，表示人未回来。
My father has been to Beijing. 我父亲到过北京。（现在已不在那儿）
My father has gone to Beijing. 我父亲到北京去了。（仍在那里或在路上）
6．be able to与can
be able to和can都是“能，会”之意，但前者可用于各种时态，can只能用于现在时，不能用将来时。
I won’t be able to see him today. 今天我见不到他。
He can speak Russian. 他会说俄语。
7. 八年级下册123单元的所有知识点，词组，句型 急啊
Unit 1: How often do you exercise?
【复习目标】
会使用频率副词及短语；
能描述课余时间的活动安排；
会描述基本饮食结构。
【语言目标】
● What do you usually do on weekends?
I sometimes go to the beach.
● How often do you eat vegetables?
Every day.
● Most students do homework every day.
【重点词汇】
● always, usually , often, sometimes , hardly , ever, never.
● how often, once , twice , three times a week , every day.
● milk, junk food, health, unhealthy, habit, exercise, most, result, try, different
maybe, although, arm, foot, tooth, ear, eye, advice, thirsty ,forget, finish, plan .
【应掌握的词组】
1. go to the movies 去看电影
2. look after = take care of 照顾
3. surf the internet 上网
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding 去划板
6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports锻炼
8. eating habits 饮食习惯
9. take more exercise 做更多的运动
10. the same as 与什么相同
11. be different from 不同
12. once a month一月一次
13. twice a week一周两次
14. make a difference to 对什么有影响
15. how often 多久一次
16. although = though虽然
17. most of the students=most students
18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物
19. as for至于
20. activity survey活动调查
21. do homework做家庭作业
22. do house work做家务事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉
24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 对什么有益
26. be bad for对什么有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事
28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 尽量做某事
30. come home from school放学回家
31. of course = certainly = sure当然
32. get good grades取得好成绩
33. some advice
34. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不
35. keep/be in good health保持健康
36.be stressed紧张的，有压力的
37. take a vacation 去度假
48.get back 回来
【应掌握的句子】
1. How often do you exercise? 你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？
How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词，如：once, twice, three times…, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month 等。
翻译：“你们多久到工厂去一次？”“每星期两次。”
(“How often do you go to the factory?” “Twice a week. ”)
“他们多长时间举办一次舞会？”“通常每两周举办一次。”
(“How often do they have a dancing party?” “Usually, once every other week.”)
“他多久去购一次物？”“一个月一次。”
(“How often does he go shopping?” “He goes shopping once a month.”)
2. “What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”
“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”
第一个do为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。
翻译： What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies.
What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking.
3. “What’s your favorite program?” “It’s Animal World.”
“你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”
4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .
as for...意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如： As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。
As for the story，you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。
翻译：至于我自己，我现在不想去。 (As for myself, I don’t want to go now. )
至于那个人，我什么都不知道。(As for the man, I know nothing about him.)
5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .
want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”；
want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：
Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？
The teacher doesn't want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。
6. She says it’s good for my health.
be good for...表示“对……有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for...。（这里for 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）
如：It's good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。
Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。
7. How many hours do you sleep every night?
8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .
9. My eating habits are pretty good .这里pretty相当于very 。
10. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。
如: You’d better try doing the experiment in another way.
你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。
11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.
help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.
这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级
13. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?
＝Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from yours? be the same as … / be different from …
14. What sports do you play ?
15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health .
keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy
16. You must try to eat less meat .
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比较级
17. That sounds interesting.
这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell
（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得）,get
（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：
It tastes good. 这味道好。
The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。
The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。
【词语辨析】
一、maybe / may be
1. The baby is crying she is hungry.
2. The woman a teacher .
maybe 是副词，意为“大概， 可能，或许”，一般用于句首。May be是情态动词，意为“可能是..，也许是..，大概是..”.
二、a few / few / a little / little
1. people can live to 100,but people can live to 150.
2. There is time left, I don’t catch the first bus.
3. Could you give me milk?
a few (少数的，几个，一些) a little (一点儿，少量) 表示肯定
few (很少的，几乎没有的) little (很少的，几乎没有的) 表示否定
修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词
三、none / no one
1、 of the pens are mine .
2、 is in the classroom.
none指人或物，强调数量，用how many提问，常与of连用。no one 多指人，强调“无人”这种状态，用who提问，不可与of连用，作主语时，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
四、hard / hardly
1. The ground is too to dig
2. I can understand them.
3. It’s raining ,the people can go outside.
hard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。Hardly意为“几乎不”。
Unit 2 What’s the matter?
【复习目标】
● 掌握身体各部位名称的英文表达方式
● 能表述身体的种种不适以及对他人身体的种种不适给予适当的建议
【语言目标】
● What’s the matter? I have a headache.
● You should drink some tea. The sounds like a good idea.
● I have a sore back. That’s too bad . I hope you feel better soon.
● 【重点词汇】
● head, nose, eye, ear, tooth, neck, stomach, back, leg, arm, foot, throat
● thirsty, stressed out,/ dentist, lie, rest, honey, water, illness, advice.
● cold, fever, headache, toothache, stomachache, sore throat
【应掌握的词组】
1. Have a cold 感冒
2. sore back 背痛
3. neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进
4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛
= I have got a stomachache
= There is something wrong with my stomach
= My stomach hurts
= I have (got) a pain in my stomach
5. What’s the matter? 怎么了？
= What’s the trouble (with you)?
= What’s your trouble?
= What’s wrong (with you)?
= What’ the matter (with you)?
=What has happened to you?
= Is there anything wrong (with you)? = what’s up?
6. sore throat 咽喉痛
7. lie down and rest 躺下休息
8. see a dentist 看牙医
9. drink lots of water 多喝水
10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
11.That’s a good idea 好主意
12.That’s too bad 太糟糕了
13.I think so 我认为如此
14. I’m not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服
= I’m not feeling fine/all right.
= I’m feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad.
= I don’t feel well.
15. get some rest 多休息
16. I have no idea = I don’t know 我不知道
17. stressed out 筋疲力尽
18. I am tired 我累了 He is tired. 他累了
19. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
20. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医
21. a balance of yin and yang阴阳调和
22. you have too much yin.你阴气太盛
23. to eat a balance diet饮食平衡
24. healthy food 健康食品
25. stay healthy 保持健康
=keep healthy=keep in good health
= keep fit
26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代词) 玩得高兴，过得愉快
=have a good time = have a wonderful time
= have fun
27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth
practice doing sth.练习做某事，
mind doing sth. 介意做某事，
finish doing sth.完成某事，
give up doing sth.放弃做某事，
can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事，
keep ding sth. 坚持做某事. （keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth. ）
be busy doing sth. 忙着做某事
be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
make a contribution to doing sth.为..做贡献
go on doing sth. 继续做某事
forget doing sth.忘记做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做某事
spend....(in) doing sth. 花（时间）来做某事
prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起（做...）来更愿意（做...）
28. at the moment = now 此刻
29. Host family 东道家庭
30. Conversation practice会话练习
31. I’m sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过
【应掌握的句子】
1． What’s the matter? I have a bad cold. 你怎么了？我得了重感冒。
翻译：他怎么了？他胃痛。 魏芳怎么了？她背痛。
2．Maybe you should see a dentist. 或许你应该看牙医。
翻译：我应该上床睡觉。
李平应该躺下休息。 我们不应该上课吃东西。
3．I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你很快好起来。
翻译：我希望他明天能来。
4．Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy.
传统中医认为我们需要阴阳调和以保持身体健康。
翻译：老师认为我们应该努力学习以取得好成绩。
我相信每天晚上睡眠8个小时很重要。
5．Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this.
吃党参和黄芪等草本植物也对这有好处。
翻译：吃一些蔬菜和水果对你的健康有好处。
看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。
6．People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.
太紧张易怒的人或许吃了太多的阳性食物。
7．It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and it’s important to eat a balanced diet.
有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。
翻译：学好英语不是很容易的。
上课注意听讲是必要的。
完成作业也很重要。
8．When you are tired, you shouldn’t go out at night. 疲倦时，晚上你不该外出。
翻译：他小的时候就知道应该努力学习。
他5岁就上学了。
我们进教室时，老师已经开始讲课了。
9．I believe him, but I can’t believe in him.
他的话是真的，但是我不信任他这个人。
10．I am not feeling very well at the moment. 这段时间我感觉不大好。
I’m tired and I have a lot of headaches. 我很疲劳，而且经常头痛。
11．I’m stressed out because my Mandarin isn’t improving.
我很容易紧张，因为普通话没有长进。
12．I practice playing the piano every day.我每天练习弹钢琴。
翻译：他每天练习踢足球。
我们应该每天练习说英语。
13．She had finished writing the letter when I went in.
我进去时，她已经写完信了。
翻译：他踢完足球去游泳了。
我洗完餐具后去商店了。
14．The doctor asked him to give up smoking.医生叫他戒烟。
翻译：不要放弃学英语。
15．Do you mind closing the window? 请把窗户关上好吗？
翻译：在这里吸烟你介意吗？
16．Mary couldn’t help laughing at his jokes.对于他的玩笑，玛莉忍不住笑了。
翻译：听到这个消息，我忍不住哭了起来。
17．They kept working though it was raining.尽管天在下雨，他们仍坚持工作。
翻译：我们应该坚持学英语。
其余的请留邮箱，我再发给你，这里发不完
8. 初二英语上册第1-3单元知识点及短语并造句！少点！
always(总是) > usually (通常) > often(经常) > sometimes(有时) > hardly ever(很少) > never(从不)
once a week 一周一次(“一次”用特殊词 once) twice a day 一天两次(“两次”用特殊词 twice)
three times a month 一个月三次(三次或三次以上用 基数词 + times 的结构构成)
four times a year 一年四次 how often 多久一次 how long 多久 how soon 还有多久 how far 多远 as for 至于；关于 how many 多少（针对可数名词） how much 多少（针对不可数名词）of course = sure 当然；确信 look after = take care of = care for 照顾；照看 every day 每一天 everyday 日常的 a lot of = lots of = plenty of 许多；大量 hardly ever 几乎不 be good for 对……有益 be good for one's health 有益健康 try to do sth. 尝试做某事 get good grades 取得好成绩 help sb. [to] do sth. 帮助某人做某 kind of 有点 want [sb.] to do sth. 想要（某人）做某事 keep in good health = keep healthy 保持健康
Unit 2 What's the matter?
重点句型 What’s the matter? I’m not feeling well. You should lie down and rest. Should为情态动词，表应该。（附：情态动词的用法） Maybe you should go to the dentist. Maybe 副词，放句首 may be 则是情态动词may+动词原形，位于句中。
重点词汇及短语： have a cold 患感冒 shouldn't = should no be stressed out 紧张的；有压力的
a few 有些；几个（针对可数名词 a little [bit] 有些；几个（针对不可数名词） few和 little表示几乎没有 many 修饰可数名词 much 修饰不可数名词 at the moment 此刻；现在（注意时态用进行时）
What's the matter? = What's wrong? = What's the problem? 怎么了？ lie down and rest 躺下休息 see a doctor 看病 hope to do sth. 希望做某 hope sb ○to do sth希望某人做某事 listen to 听 hear 听见 for example 举个例子 be good for 对……有益
get tired 感到疲倦 stay healthy 保持健康 give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人 （同样用法的还有show , send , pass ） need to do sth. 需要做某事 need doing 需要被做 need还可以在疑问句和否定句中作情态动词。在陈述句中则为实义动词。如Need I finish all my homework? You need to do some of them.
it's + adj. +(for sb)+ to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）……（加形容词）= doing sth is + adj + (for sb)