1. 初一英语上册知识点有哪些
初一英语上册知识点 人教版一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写要熟练掌握元音和辅音,5个元
音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正确占格及单词间 距。二、be动词的用法be动词有三种变形,分别是
:am, is, are。记忆口诀:“我”用am, “你”用are, is用于“他、她、它”;单数全都用is,复数全
部都用are。三、人称及人称代词的不同形式(主格和宾格)1、三种人称:第一人称(I, we),第二人
称(you, you),第三人称(he, she,it, Maria)。2、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位于句子主语位置
时的形态:I, We, You, You,He, She, It, Maria。3、人称代词的宾格,即人称代词位于句子宾语位置
时的形态:me, us, you, you,him, her, it4、形容词性物主代词:
my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。5、名词性物主代词:
mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。6、反身代词:
myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself,themselves。四、基数词(表
示数量多少的词,大致相当于代数里的自然数)
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve,thirteen, fo
urteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty,twenty-one, twenty-
two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six,twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-
nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty,ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。
五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句1、一般疑问句:能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。2、
特殊疑问句:不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。六、可数名词变复数可数名词变复
数时,有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1、规则变化:1) 一般情况直接在词尾加“-s ”, 如: cake-
cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces,orange-oranges等;2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词,要在词尾
加“-es ”,如:bus-buses, watch-watches,box-boxes等;3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加“
-es ”,如:baby-babies,country-countries, family-families等;4)部分以f (e)结尾的词,变
f (e)为“ves ”,如:knife-knives, half-halves等;5) 以o结尾的词, 加“-s ”或“-es ”, 如
: zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀:除了“英雄”hero外,
凡是能吃的,加“-es ”,不 能吃的加“-s ”。2、不规则变化:初一英语自我介绍(1)自我介绍(2
)1)改变单数名词中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;2)单、复同形
:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children
等。七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则最基本构成:主语+谓语+宾语,其中谓语由动词来充当。主谓一致
原则,就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数(简称“三单”)时,
谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式;当主语非“三单”时,谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变“三单”的规则
如下:
1)一般动词在词尾加“-s ”,如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;
2)以字母
s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加“-es ”,如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches,
watch-watches等;
3)以o
结尾的动词一般加“-es ”,如:do-does, go-goes等;
4)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再
加“-而是”,如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;
5)have的三单形式是has。
八、冠词的用法(名词
前面必须要有冠词)
冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a, an)两种。
1、定冠词the表示“特指”,
可译为“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。
2、不定冠词a, an用来表明(可数)名词的数量是
“一个”。an用于以元音开头(注意不是以元音字母开头)的单词前,a则英语非元音开头的单词前。
3
、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是:不定冠词不是刻意强调“数量”,而基数词则强调“数量”。
九、助动词(do, does )的用法
只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例:
1)当句子为
肯定句时不涉及使用助动词,只涉及“主谓一致”原则。
eg : I like English a lot.
Michael likes Chinese food very much.
2)当句子为否定句时,要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的
助动词:当主语为“三单”时,要使用does;当主语为“非三单”时,用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子
变否定句:
Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.
They like sports.------
They don't like sports.
3)当句子变疑问句时,同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例
如下列句子变问句:
Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he
does./ No, he doesn't.
Jane and Helen like music.----
Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./
No, they don't.
十、名词所有格
1、
Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;
2、用of表示“......的”,但
要从of后往of前翻译:a book of mine(我的一本书)
3、have与of的区别:
have一般表示“主
动拥有”,往往用于有生命的人或动物;无生命的物体一般不能“主动拥有”,表示所属关系时要用of。
例如:
I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.
a door of the house
十一、课本中的知识点
1、
Unit 1 ——Unit 2
1)问候语:
Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
How are you?---
Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.
Hi! Hello!
How do you do?
2)道别用语:
Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次见面,see用于熟人间)
Nice to meet/ see you, too.
Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good
night!
3)介绍人或
者物的句型:This is...
4)Excuse me.与I'm sorry.的区别:
Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意,而
I'm sorry.则是向对方道歉。
5)词组be from = come from
in English
5)当问句中问到this/ that时
,回答要用it;问到these/ those时,要用they来回答。 例如: What's this in English?----
It's an eraser.
What are those?----They are books.
6)对Thanks.的回答:
That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.
7)look the same = have the same looks
give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.
be like = look like
in the tree/ on the tree (树上结的、长
出来的用on,否则用in)
in red(穿着红色的衣服)
in the desk(在空间范围之内)
in English(用
英语)
help sb. do sth.
8)both与all的区别:
both表示“两者都......”;all表示“三者及以上都
......”。
2、Unit 3——Unit 4
1)speak的用法
speak与say不同:speak表示“说”的动作,不表示
“说”的内容;say则表示“说”的内容。
speak后面除了能接“语言”外,不能直接接东西,后面加了
to则表示“对......说”。
help sb. with sth.(帮助某人做/补习......)
want to do sth.(
想要做某事)
would like to do sth.
not...at all(一点都不);Not at all.(没关系/别介意)
like...a lot = like...very much
2)some和any的区别:
口诀:some用于肯定句,否定、疑问变any。
例如:
I have some money.
I don't have any money.
Do you have any money?
3)
have a seat = take a seat(请随便坐)
4)祈使句(表示命令或请求的句子)
祈使句一般都省略了主
语You,所以其否定句直接用Don't开头。例如:
Don't go there!
5)问职业:
What does sb. do?
What is sb.?
What's sb.'s job?
6)work与job的区别:
work是未必有报酬的“工作”,例如
homework, housework;而job则一定是有报酬的“工作”。
7)on指在物体的表面,不论这个面是否水平
的,例如:
on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground
8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在医
院里)
look after(照料/照顾/照看)
help oneself(请自便/随便吃)
9)表示“建议”的句型:“
做某事如何?”
What about (doing) sth.? (英式英语)
How about (doing) sth.? (美式英语)
Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?
10)“吃”一日三餐要用have:
have breakfast/ lunch/ supper
have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper
take one's order
be kind to sb.
11)try on这个词组可合可分:名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面,但代词只能放在
词组的中间。
12)在口语中往往用take表示“买”。
13)how many与how much的区别:
how many + 可
数名词;how much + 不可数名词
14)What do you think of...? 是询问对方对某事物的看法;
How do you like...? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。
think about(考虑)
Thank you all the same. (即使对方没能帮上忙,也要礼貌道谢)
Thanks. = Thank you.
(thank作为动词,不能单独使用。)
15)one与it的区别:
当上下文说的是同一种类事物时,任意一个
可以用one来代替;如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如:
Ann :I have a yellow bag.
Jane :I have a green one.
Tom : Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?
Mike : Look, it's over there.
16)倒装句
Here you are.
Here it is.
17)be free (有空/免费
)
forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)
forget doing sth.(忘了做过某事)
What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...?
18)go + v.-ing结构的含义:
为了实现某目的才去的。例如:
go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等
19)have to do sth.(
非主观因素,强调客观因素,“不得不去做某事”)
must 则表示主观愿望
20)
fly a kite = fly kites
be free = have time
21)时间的表述
当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于
30分钟时,用“分钟”past“小时”。例如:
8:23——twenty-three past eight
当分针所指的时间大
于30分钟、小于60分钟时,用“剩余的时间”to“下一个整点”。例如:
8:49——eleven to nine
当
然,还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间,例如:
8:23——eight twenty-three; 8:49——
eight forty-nine
整点则在数词后加“-o'clock”,例如:8:00——eight o'clock
在钟点前介词要用
at.
22)句型“该干某事了。”:It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.
例如:该吃午饭了.
It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch
2. 初一英语上册,每个单元知识语法总结点
初一英语语法总结
一、 词法 1、名词A)、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员
九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:
一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
2、代词 项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself it it its its this that itself
复数 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、动词 A) 第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:
一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes 五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B) 现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:
一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:
一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词 (基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、句式
1.陈述句 肯定陈述句
a) This is a book. (be动词)
b) He looks very young. (连系动词)
c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)
e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)
否定陈述句
a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice. c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School.
d) Kate can’t find her doll. e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English! c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry.
3. 疑问句
1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?
肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.
否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t.
2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.
3) 特殊疑问句
① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is [email protected].
⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.
When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.
⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.
⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue. What’s your favourite color? It’s black.
⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.
What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.
What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.
12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.
14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.
15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.
16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.
17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.
What’s your father? He’s a doctor.
三、时态
1、一般现在时
表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有:
Be 动词:She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.
情态动词:I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.
行为动词:They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.
2、现在进行时
表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.
They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music. 望采纳 ..
3. 求初一下册英语人教版第五单元why do you like pandas的所有短语,帮忙总结一下,
【解答】按找学生课本顺序排列
所有短语 Unit5 读熟记准记牢
Section A 1a-1c
1.welcome to the zoo.欢迎来到动物园。
2.let’s do sth.让我们做某事吧
3.my favorite animals我最喜欢的动物
Section A 2a-2d
1.really scary 真的很吓人
2.very cute 很可爱的;机灵的
3.kind of interesting 有点兴趣
4.South Africa 南非
5.be from 来自于
6.walk on two legs 两条腿走路
7.have a pet 养宠物
8.sleep all day 整天睡觉
Section A 3a-3c
1.like sth a lot=like sth very much 非常喜欢
2.black and white 黑白相间
Section B 1a-1d
1.Mary’s words 玛丽的话
2.Tony’s words 托尼的话
3. what animals 什么动物
4.friendly and smart 友好又聪明
Section B 2a-2c
1.save the elephants 拯救大象
2.one of Thailand’s symbols 泰国象征之一
3.a symbol of good luck 一个好运象征
4.for a long time 很长时间
5.get lost 迷路
6.remeber places with food and water 记住水和食物放的地方
7.be in (great) danger 处于很危险中
8.cut down many trees 砍下许多树木
9.lose one’s home 丧家
10.save the trees 挽救树木
11.(be) made of ivory 用象牙制造的
12.Thai Elephant Day 泰国大象节
Section B 3a-3b
1.in Blackwood Zoo 在黑木动物园
2.Beijing Zoo 北京动物园
所有短语Unit6读熟记准记牢
Section A 1a-1c
1.read a newspaper 看报
2.talk on the phone 打电话
3. listen to a CD 听唱片
4. use the computer 用电脑
5.make soup 煮汤
6. wash the dishes 洗盘子
Section A 2a-2d
1. go to the movies 去看电影
2.not much 不多
3.wash the clothes 洗衣服
4.be at home 在家
5.eat out 去外面吃饭
6.would love to 愿意做某事
7.at half past six 在六点半
Section A 3a-3c
1. clean the house 打扫房子
2.make dinner 做晚饭
3.drink tea 喝茶
Section B 1a-1e
1. in the pool 在池里/在游泳池
2.in the supermarket 在超市
3. in the library 在图书馆
4.in the shop=in the store 在商店
5.on the playground 在操场上
Section B 2a-2c
1. what time 几点钟/什么时间
2.a student from Shenzhen 从深圳来的学生
3.in the United States=in the US 美国
4. New York 纽约
5.the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节
6.make zongzi 包粽子
7.watch the boat race on TV看电视上的划船比赛
8.read a story 看故事
9.any other night 隔一天的晚上
10. watch a soccer game on TV看电视上的足球比赛节目
11.wish to do sth 希望做某事
12.no place like home 没有地方向在家
Section B 3a-3b
1. a picture of my family我的一张全家福
2.in the living room 在客厅
3.litsen to the radio 听广播
4.talk show 访谈节目
5. study for a test 备考
---------------------------------
希望我给你的回答,对你的学习有帮助。
祝你学习进步、学习快乐。
4. 初一英语上册语法知识点总结
要想取得好的学习成绩,必须要有良好的学习习惯。习惯是经过重复练习而巩固下来的稳重持久的条件反射和自然需要。建立良好的学习习惯,就会使自己学习感到有序而轻松。以下是我为您整理的《初中 一年级英语 上册知识点 总结 》,供大家查阅。
初一英语上册语法知识点总结
Unit 1
词汇重点:
1. Good morning/ afternoon / evening 早上/下午/晚上好 Good night 晚安(晚上告别)
2. glad / nice to meet / see you 见到你很高兴 (回答也一样)
3. welcome to + 地点 欢迎来到…… (回答:Thank you 或者Thanks)
4.let’s + V(原) 让我们做……
5. stand up 起立 sit down 坐下
6. this is----- 这是…… (用于介绍第三者的用语)
7. How do you do ?你好 (回答也是:How do you do ? )
8. How are you ? 你好吗? Fine ,thank you .and you ? 很好;谢谢;你呢?
I’m OK / I’m fine , too . 我也很好。
9.see you = see you later = see you soon = good-bye 再见
10.excuse me 打扰一下;请问
11.I’m -----= my name is ---- 我是……
12. be from = come from 来自
13.in English 用英语
14.Can you spell it ? Yes / No 你能拼写它吗? 能/不能
15.That’s OK / That’s all right / You’re welcome / Not at all 不用谢
16. …… years old ……岁
17.telephone number 电话号码 QQ number QQ号码 ID number 身份证
18.the same (相同的) 反义词 是 different (不同的)
例: We are in the same grade, but we are in different classes.
重点 句子 句型:
1. What is your name ? 你的名字是什么?
2. Where +be + 主语 + from? 某人来自于哪里?(回答:主语+be+地点)
Where are you from? I am from quanzhou.
3. How old + be + 主语? 某人几岁? (回答: 主语 + be + 数字 )
例: How old are you ? I’m forteen.
4. What is your telephone number? 你的电话号码是多少?
(回答:My telephone number is----或者It’s -------)注意:读出号码的时候要逐个读出。
5. What class / grade +be + 主语 + in ? 某人在哪一个班级/年级?
例:what class are you in ? I am in Class Five. (注意:Class 和 Five需要大写)
what grade are you in ? I am in Grade Seven.(注意:Glass 和 Seven需要大写)
6. What’s this/ that (in English) ? 这是什么? (回答:It’s a/an + 单数名词. 这是……)
What’ re these/ those (in English) ? 这些是什么?(回答:They’re + 复数名词 这些是……)
7. How do you spell it ? 你怎么拼写它? E-R-A-S-E-R, eraser. (注意拼读 方法 )
Unit 2
1.sb + has/ have ( an /a ) + adj + 五官 === sb’s 五官 is / are + adj (描述长相)
例:Lily has a small nose. = Lily’s nose is small.
2.I know = I see 我明白了
3.That’s right 那是对的
4.look the same look like 看起来相像 look different 看起来不同
例: Jim and Lilei look the same.== Jim looks like Lilei. .
5. look at + n 看某物 look for +n 寻找某人/某物 look after +n 照顾某人
6.both 两者都…… all 三者或者三者以上都……
Both 和 all位于 be动词或情态动词后,位于行为动词前。
例: We are both students. We both have black eyes. We can both speak English.
7. give sth to sb = give sb sth 把某物给某人; (注意:如果sth是it或them,只能用前者)
8. have different looks == look different 有着不同的长相 (看起来不相像)
havethe same look. ==look the same 有着相同的长相 (看起来很相像)
9.over there 在那边 come in 请进 go out 出去
10. in + 颜色 或 in a/an/the +颜色 + 衣服 表示穿着……颜色的衣服
常常接在名词的后面,表示穿----颜色衣服的…… 如 the girl in red is my sister.
11. too + adj 太……
12.pants 和 shoes 做主语,谓语动词用复数;但a pair of pants/ shoes作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式
例: His shoes are black. A pair of shoes is under the bed.
13. in the morning/ afternoom/ evening 在早上/下午/晚上 at night 在晚上
14.go shopping = go to the shop 去购物 类似的有 go swimming go fishing go skating 等等
15.help sb. ( to ) do sth == help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 注意:sb 用代词时必须用宾格
16.high school 中学
17.play +球类 play the 乐器
18.think of 认为,想 think about 考虑 I think + 从句 我认为……
I think he you are right. 否定式常否定主句,但翻译时要否定后面的从句
例:I don’t think he can come. 我认为他不会来了.(不能说:我不认为他会来)
句型:
1. What do/does + 主语 + look like ? 询问人的长相
例: What does your English teacher look like ?
2.What’s -----and ------? ……加……是什么?(回答:It’s ------)
例:What’s red and yellow? It’s orange. What’s two and five? It’s seven.
3.Whose + 东西 + is this/ that ? Whose + 东西 +are these/ those ? 这/这些 是谁的……?
例:Whose coat is this ? It is mine. Whose shoes are these ? They are hers.
4.Who is the letter from? 这封信来自于谁? It’s from Lily. 它来自于莉莉。
5.What color be + 东西? (回答:It’s +颜色 或者 They’er + 颜色)
例:What color is your dress? It’s black.
初一英语上册语法知识点总结
I.重点句型
Good morning/afternoon/evening.
Good morning/afternoon/evening.
How are you? I’m fine,/OK,thanks. Fine,thanks.
What’s this in English? It’s a map. It’s V.
Spell it please. K-E-Y.
What color is it/the key? It’s blue. The key is yellow.
Hello, Frank. Hello/Hi, Eric.
Unit 1 My name is Gina.
I.重点句型
What’s your name? My name is Jenny. /I’m Jenny. /Jenny.
Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you , too.
What’s his name? His name is Jenny. Jenny.
What’s her name? Her name is Linda.. Linda.
What’s your first name? My first name is Jack. Jack.
What’s your last/family name?
My last/family name is Green. It’s Green.
What’s your/his/her phone number?
My /His/Her phone number is 234-4567. /It’s 281-9176.
II.词组
1 name’s=name is 名字是
2 I’m=I am 我是
3 she’s=she is 她是
he’s=he is 他是
you’re =you are 你是(复数形式)
they’re=they are 他(她;它)们是
that’s=that is 那是
isn’t=is not 不是(单数形式)
he’s not =he is not=he isn’t 他不是
what’s=what is 什么是
where’s=where is 在哪儿是
Let’s=Let us 让我们
4 Nice to meet/see you 见到你很高兴
5 last name=family name=surname 姓氏
6 first name = given name 名字
7 telephone number 电话号码
=phone number 电话号码
8 ID card 身份证
9 Good morning (to sb) 早上好
10 Good afternoon 下午好
11 Good night /evening . 晚上好
12 Sit down, please. =Have a seat, please. 请坐
13 That’s all right. 好;行;不用谢;没关系
That’s right . 对的、正确的
All right . 好的,行,好吧
14 Not at all.=It’s a/my pleasure.=That’s OK.
=You’re welcome.=That’s all right. 不用谢
Unit 2 Is this your pencil?
I.重点句型
Is that/this/it your backpack? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t . It’s his backpack.
This/That is my eraser.
How do you spell it/pen? P-E-N.
Call Allan at 486-67895 Call 685-6098 Call Mary. Phone # 235-7865.
Is that your computer game in the lost and found case? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
II.词组
1 pencil case 铅笔盒
2 pencil sharpener 卷笔刀
3 pen pal =pen friend 笔友
4 Thank you. =Thanks . 谢谢你
5 in English 用英语
6 computer game(s) 电子游戏
7 Lost and Found 失物招领
8 a set of 一副;一套
a set of keys 一串钥匙
9 who’s=who is 谁是
11 it’s=it is 它是
12 look at 朝…看
13 ball-point pen 圆珠笔
14 call sb at+电话号码 打电话给某人
15 gold ring 金戒指
16 school ID card 校卡
17 See you later.=See you soon . 再见
初一英语上册语法知识点总结
一、初一英语语法——词法
1、名词
A)、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员
九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:
一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day 教师节 , classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)
2、代词
项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
复数 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、动词
A) 第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:
一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes
五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B) 现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:
一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或级形式。构成如下:
一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词 (基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二; 其它 后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
初一英语上册语法知识点总结相关 文章 :
★ 初一英语全册语法知识点汇总
★ 英语初一上册的语法总结
★ 七年级英语上册语法学习知识点总结
★ 初一上册英语语法知识点归纳
★ 初一英语上册语法知识点大全
★ 新人教版七年级上册英语知识点汇总
★ 七年级英语语法知识点整理
★ 初一英语语法知识点总结归纳
★ 初一英语上册知识点总结归纳
★ 最全七年级英语语法知识点汇总
5. 初一上册英语知识点总结(外研版)
一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写
要熟练掌握元音和辅音,5个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正确占格及单词间距。
二、be动词的用法
be动词有三种变形,分别是:am, is, are。记忆口诀:
“我”用am, “你”用are, is用于“他、她、它”;单数全都用is,复数全部都用are。
三、人称及人称代词的不同形式(主格和宾格)
1、三种人称:第一人称(i, we),第二人称(you, you),第三人称(he, she, it, maria)。
2、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态:i, we, you, you, he, she, it, maria。
3、人称代词的宾格,即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态:me, us, you, you, him, her, it。
4、形容词性物主代词:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。
5、名词性物主代词:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。
6、反身代词:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。
四、基数词(表示数量多少的词,大致相当于代数里的自然数)
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six,
twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。
五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句
1、一般疑问句:能用yes或no来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。
2、特殊疑问句:不能用yes或no来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。
六、可数名词变复数
可数名词变复数时,有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1、规则变化:
1)一般情况直接在词尾加“-s ”,如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;
2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词,要在词尾加“-es ”散盯,如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;
3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加“-es ”,如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;
4)部分以f (e)结尾的词,变f (e)为“ves ”,如:knife-knives, half-halves等;
5)以o结尾大岁的词,加“-s ”或“-es ”,如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀:除了“英雄”hero外,凡是能吃的,加“-es ”,不能吃的加“-s ”。
2、不规则变化:
1)改变单数名词中的元音字母:滚掘睁man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;
2)单、复同形:sheep-sheep, chinese-chinese, japanese-japanese等;
3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等。
七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则
最基本构成:主语+谓语+宾语,其中谓语由动词来充当。
主谓一致原则,就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数(简称“三单”)时,谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式;当主语非“三单”时,谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变“三单”的规则如下:
1)一般动词在词尾加“-s ”,如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;
2)以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加“-es ”,如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;
3)以o结尾的动词一般加“-es ”,如:do-does, go-goes等;
4)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加“-而是”,如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;
5)have的三单形式是has。
八、冠词的用法(名词前面必须要有冠词)
冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a, an)两种。
1、定冠词the表示“特指”,可译为“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。
2、不定冠词a, an用来表明(可数)名词的数量是“一个”。an用于以元音开头(注意不是以元音字母开头)的单词前,a则英语非元音开头的单词前。
3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是:不定冠词不是刻意强调“数量”,而基数词则强调“数量”。
九、助动词(do, does )的用法
只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例:
1)当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词,只涉及“主谓一致”原则。
eg : i like english a lot.
michael likes chinese food very much.
2)当句子为否定句时,要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词:当主语为“三单”时,要使用does;当主语为“非三单”时,用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句:
kangkang likes math.----kangkang doesn't like math.
they like sports.------they don't like sports.
3)当句子变疑问句时,同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用do或does.例如下列句子变问句:
michael likes chinese food.----does michael like chinese food? yes, he does./ no, he doesn't.
jane and helen like music.----do jand and helen like music? yes, they do./ no, they don't.
十、名词所有格
1、kangkang's books;tom and helen's desk; ann's and maria's bikes;
2、用of表示“......的”,但要从of后往of前翻译:a book of mine(我的一本书)
第2/5页
3、have与of的区别:
have一般表示“主动拥有”,往往用于有生命的人或动物;无生命的物体一般不能“主动拥有”,表示所属关系时要用of。例如:
i have a new bike. she has two big eyes.
a door of the house
十一、课本中的知识点
1、unit 1 ——unit 2
1)问候语:
good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
how are you?---just ok, thank you. how are you?---not bad, thanks. hi! hello!
how do you do?
2)道别用语:
nice/ glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次见面,see用于熟人间) nice to meet/ see you, too.
goodbye. byebye. bye. see you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! so long! good night!
3)介绍人或者物的句型:this is...
4)excuse me.与i'm sorry.的区别:
excuse me.是要引起对方的注意,而i'm sorry.则是向对方道歉。
5)词组be from = come from
in english
5)当问句中问到this/ that时,回答要用it;问到these/ those时,要用they来回答。 例如: what's this in english?----it's an eraser.
what are those?----they are books.
6)对thanks.的回答:that's ok./ you're welcome./ my pleasur.
7)look the same = have the same looks
give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.
be like = look like
in the tree/ on the tree (树上结的、长出来的用on,否则用in)
in red(穿着红色的衣服)
in the desk(在空间范围之内)
in english(用英语)
help sb. do sth.
8)both与all的区别:
both表示“两者都......”;all表示“三者及以上都......”。
2、unit 3——unit 4
1)speak的用法
speak与say不同:speak表示“说”的动作,不表示“说”的内容;say则表示“说”的内容。
speak后面除了能接“语言”外,不能直接接东西,后面加了to则表示“对......说”。 help sb. with sth.(帮助某人做/补习......)
第3/5页
want to do sth.(想要做某事)
would like to do sth.
not...at all(一点都不);not at all.(没关系/别介意)
like...a lot = like...very much
2)some和any的区别:
口诀:some用于肯定句,否定、疑问变any。例如:
i have some money.
i don't have any money.
do you have any money?
3)have a seat = take a seat(请随便坐)
4)祈使句(表示命令或请求的句子)
祈使句一般都省略了主语you,所以其否定句直接用don't开头。例如: don't go there!
5)问职业:
what does sb. do?
what is sb.?
what's sb.'s job?
6)work与job的区别:
work是未必有报酬的“工作”,例如homework, housework;而job则一定是有报酬的“工作”。
7)on指在物体的表面,不论这个面是否水平的,例如:
on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground
8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在医院里)
look after(照料/照顾/照看)
help oneself(请自便/随便吃)
9)表示“建议”的句型:“做某事如何?”
what about (doing) sth.? (英式英语)
how about (doing) sth.? (美式英语)
why don't you do sth.? = why not do sth.?
10)“吃”一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper
have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper
take one's order
be kind to sb.
11)try on这个词组可合可分:名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面,但代词只能放在词组的中间。
12)在口语中往往用take表示“买”。
13)how many与how much的区别:
how many + 可数名词;how much + 不可数名词
14)what do you think of...? 是询问对方对某事物的看法;
how do you like...? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。
think about(考虑)
thank you all the same. (即使对方没能帮上忙,也要礼貌道谢)
第4/5页
thanks. = thank you.(thank作为动词,不能单独使用。)
15)one与it的区别:
当上下文说的是同一种类事物时,任意一个可以用one来代替;如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如:
ann :i have a yellow bag.
jane :i have a green one.
tom : hey, mike. where is your bike?
mike : look, it's over there.
16)倒装句
here you are.
here it is.
17)be free (有空/免费)
forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)
forget doing sth.(忘了做过某事)
what's up? = what's wrong with...? = what's the matter with...?
18)go + v.-ing结构的含义:为了实现某目的才去的。例如:
go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等
19)have to do sth.(非主观因素,强调客观因素,“不得不去做某事”) must 则表示主观愿望
20)fly a kite = fly kites
be free = have time
21)时间的表述
当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时,用“分钟”past“小时”。例如: 8:23——twenty-three past eight
当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时,用“剩余的时间”to“下一个整点”。例如:
8:49——eleven to nine
当然,还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间,例如:
8:23——eight twenty-three; 8:49——eight forty-nine
整点则在数词后加“-o'clock”,例如:8:00——eight o'clock
在钟点前介词要用at.
22)句型“该干某事了。”:it's time to do sth. = it's time for sth.
例如:该吃午饭了.
it's time to have lunch. = it's time for lunch.
6. 人教版初一上册英语知识点整理
学习英语一天也不能中断,最好每天都找点单词去背。我为大家整理了人教版初一上册英语知识点,希望对你学习初中英语有帮助。
一、48个团简国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写
要熟练掌握元音和辅音,5个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正确占格及单词间距。
二、be动词的用法
be动词有三种变形,分别是:am, is, are。记忆口诀:
“我”用am, “你”用are, is用于“他、她、它”;单数全都用is,复数全部都用are。
三、人称及人称代词的不同形式(主格和宾格)
1、三种人称:第一人称塌伍裤(I, we),第二人称(you, you),第三人称(he, she, it, Maria)。
2、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态:I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。
3、人称代词的宾格,即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态:me, us, you, you, him, her, it。
4、形容词性物主代词:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。
5、名词性物主代词:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。
6、反身代词:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。
四、基数词(表示数量多少的词,大致相当于代数里的自然数)
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。
五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句
1、一般疑问句:能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。
2、特殊疑问句:不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。
六、可数名词变复橘饥数
可数名词变复数时,有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1、规则变化:
1)一般情况直接在词尾加“-s ”,如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;
2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词,要在词尾加“-es ”,如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;
3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加“-es ”,如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;
4)部分以f (e)结尾的词,变f (e)为“ves ”,如:knife-knives, half-halves等;
5)以o结尾的词,加“-s ”或“-es ”,如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀:除了“英雄”hero外,凡是能吃的,加“-es ”,不能吃的加“-s ”。
2、不规则变化:
1)改变单数名词中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;
2)单、复同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;
3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等。
七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则
最基本构成:主语+谓语+宾语,其中谓语由动词来充当。
主谓一致原则,就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数(简称“三单”)时,谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式;当主语非“三单”时,谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变“三单”的规则如下:
1)一般动词在词尾加“-s ”,如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;
2)以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加“-es ”,如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;
3)以o结尾的动词一般加“-es ”,如:do-does, go-goes等;
4)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加“-而是”,如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;
5)have的三单形式是has。
八、冠词的用法(名词前面必须要有冠词)
冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a, an)两种。
1、定冠词the表示“特指”,可译为“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。
2、不定冠词a, an用来表明(可数)名词的数量是“一个”。an用于以元音开头(注意不是以元音字母开头)的单词前,a则英语非元音开头的单词前。
3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是:不定冠词不是刻意强调“数量”,而基数词则强调“数量”。
九、助动词(do, does )的用法
只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例:
1)当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词,只涉及“主谓一致”原则。
eg : I like English a lot.
Michael likes Chinese food very much.
2)当句子为否定句时,要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词:当主语为“三单”时,要使用does;当主语为“非三单”时,用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句:
Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.
They like sports.------They don't like sports.
3)当句子变疑问句时,同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句:
Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.
Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.
十、名词所有格
1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;
2、用of表示“......的”,但要从of后往of前翻译:a book of mine(我的一本书)
3、have与of的区别:
have一般表示“主动拥有”,往往用于有生命的人或动物;无生命的物体一般不能“主动拥有”,表示所属关系时要用of。例如:
I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.
a door of the house
十一、课本中的知识点
1、Unit 1 ——Unit 2
1)问候语:
Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.
Hi! Hello!
How do you do?
2)道别用语:
Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次见面,see用于熟人间)
Nice to meet/ see you, too.
Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!
3)介绍人或者物的句型:This is...
4)Excuse me.与I'm sorry.的区别:
Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意,而I'm sorry.则是向对方道歉。
5)词组be from = come from
in English
5)当问句中问到this/ that时,回答要用it;问到these/ those时,要用they来回答。 例如: What's this in English?----It's an eraser.
What are those?----They are books.
6)对Thanks.的回答:That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.
7)look the same = have the same looks
give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.
be like = look like
in the tree/ on the tree (树上结的、长出来的用on,否则用in)
in red(穿着红色的衣服)
in the desk(在空间范围之内)
in English(用英语)
help sb. do sth.
8)both与all的区别:
both表示“两者都......”;all表示“三者及以上都......”。
2、Unit 3——Unit 4
1)speak的用法
speak与say不同:speak表示“说”的动作,不表示“说”的内容;say则表示“说”的内容。
speak后面除了能接“语言”外,不能直接接东西,后面加了to则表示“对......说”。
help sb. with sth.(帮助某人做/补习......)
want to do sth.(想要做某事)
would like to do sth.
not...at all(一点都不);Not at all.(没关系/别介意)
like...a lot = like...very much
2)some和any的区别:
口诀:some用于肯定句,否定、疑问变any。例如:
I have some money.
I don't have any money.
Do you have any money?
3)have a seat = take a seat(请随便坐)
4)祈使句(表示命令或请求的句子)
祈使句一般都省略了主语You,所以其否定句直接用Don't开头。例如:
Don't go there!
5)问职业:
What does sb. do?
What is sb.?
What's sb.'s job?
6)work与job的区别:
work是未必有报酬的“工作”,例如homework, housework;而job则一定是有报酬的“工作”。
7)on指在物体的表面,不论这个面是否水平的,例如:
on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground
8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在医院里)
look after(照料/照顾/照看)
help oneself(请自便/随便吃)
9)表示“建议”的句型:“做某事如何?”
What about (doing) sth.? (英式英语)
How about (doing) sth.? (美式英语)
Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?
10)“吃”一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper
have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper
take one's order
be kind to sb.
11)try on这个词组可合可分:名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面,但代词只能放在词组的中间。
12)在口语中往往用take表示“买”。
13)how many与how much的区别:
how many + 可数名词;how much + 不可数名词
14)What do you think of...? 是询问对方对某事物的看法;
How do you like...? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。
think about(考虑)
Thank you all the same. (即使对方没能帮上忙,也要礼貌道谢)
Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作为动词,不能单独使用。)
15)one与it的区别:
当上下文说的是同一种类事物时,任意一个可以用one来代替;如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如:
Ann :I have a yellow bag.
Jane :I have a green one.
Tom : Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?
Mike : Look, it's over there.
16)倒装句
Here you are.
Here it is.
17)be free (有空/免费)
forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)
forget doing sth.(忘了做过某事)
What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...?
18)go + v.-ing结构的含义:为了实现某目的才去的。例如:
go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等
19)have to do sth.(非主观因素,强调客观因素,“不得不去做某事”)
must 则表示主观愿望
20)fly a kite = fly kites
be free = have time
21)时间的表述
当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时,用“分钟”past“小时”。例如:
8:23——twenty-three past eight
当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时,用“剩余的时间”to“下一个整点”。例如:
8:49——eleven to nine
当然,还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间,例如:
8:23——eight twenty-three; 8:49——eight forty-nine
整点则在数词后加“-o'clock”,例如:8:00——eight o'clock
在钟点前介词要用at.
22)句型“该干某事了。”:It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.
例如:该吃午饭了.
It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.