A. 【航天英语词汇整理】为什么我国叫航天员不叫宇航员航天英语相关词汇有哪些
神舟十二号，简称“神十二”，是我国载人航天工程发射的第十二艘飞船，也是空间站关键技术验证阶段第四次飞行任务，以及空间站阶段首次载人飞行任务。因此，一直备受国内外关注。北京时间2021年6月17日9时22分，搭载神舟十二号载人飞船的长征二号F遥十二运载火箭，在酒泉卫星发射中心点火发射并取得圆满成功。那么，今天就来为大家科普一些航天英语知识，解答一下为什么我国叫航天员不叫宇航员？以及航天英语相关词汇有哪些？
首先，我们来回答第一个问题，为什么我国叫航天员不叫宇航员？
中国“航天员”的称呼源于钱学森的定义：
【航空】：大气层内
【航天】：大气层外到太阳系内
【宇航】：太阳系外
“航天”一词由钱学森首创，从航海、航空“推理”而成。目前，我国还未进行宇航任务，为了更精准地描述这一活动，所以称为“航天员”。
实际上，作为仅有的三个独立载人航天国家，美国、俄罗斯和中国航天员的称呼各不相同。美国或其他国家的航天员名称一般是“astronauts”，俄罗斯航天员被称为“cosmonauts”，这个词源自俄语中的“宇宙”一词。随着我国航天事业的发展，外媒也逐渐开始使用“taikonauts”来称呼我国航天员。
第二个问题，航天英语相关词汇有哪些？
在英文报道中，无人航空飞行器、卫星、火箭等（unmanned space vessels, satellites, rockets）的编号一般用阿拉伯数字，而载人飞行器（manned spacecraft）的编号一般用罗马数字，比如，“嫦娥五号”的英文是Chang'e-5，而我国首个载人飞船“神舟五号”的英文是Shenzhou V。
以下是一些航天英语相关词汇：
载人飞船 manned spaceship / manned spaceflight
载人空间站 manned space station
天和核心舱 core mole Tianhe
空间实验室 space lab
在轨加注 in-orbit refueling
交会对接 rendezvous and docking
货运飞船 cargo spacecraft
推进舱 propelling mole
空间对接 space docking
近地轨道 low-Earth orbit
运载火箭 carrier rocket
助推火箭 booster rocket
发射中止系统 launch abort system
发射场 launch site
可重复使用运载火箭 reusable carrier rocket
机械臂 robotic arm
出舱活动 extravehicular activities
舱外服 extravehicular spacesuits
航天 Spaceflight
北京航天飞行控制中心 Beijing Aerospace Control Center (BACC)
变轨 orbital transfer
舱口 hatch
舱外活动(即“太空行走”)extra-vehicular activity(EVA)
长征二号F运载火箭 Long March II F carrier rocket
长征三号甲运载火箭 Long March 3A launch vehicle; LM-3A launch vehicle
嫦娥1号 Chang’e-1 lunar probe; Chang’e-1 lunar satellite
登月 landing on the moon
地面操作系统 ground operation system
地形和地表结构 topographical and surface structures
地月转移轨道 Earth-moon transfer orbit
定向天线 directional antenna
“东方红”卫星 Dongfanghong (DFH) satellite
多级火箭 multistage rockets
发射窗口 launch window
发射前的最后检查和测试 pre-launch tests
发射区 launch site
发射升空 blast off
发射升空 liftoff; blastoff; take off
发射台 launch pad
发射卫星 launch a satellite
返回舱 re-entry mole
返回式卫星 recoverable satellite
扶梯 ladder
服务舱 service mole
干涉成像光谱仪 interference imaging spectrometer
观测装置 observation instruments
轨道 orbit
轨道舱 orbital mole
国防科学技术工业委员会 Commission of Science, Technology and Instry for National Defense (COSTIND)
国际空间站 International Space Station
航天服 space suit
绘制月球表面的三维图像 map three-dimensional images of the lunar surface
激光高度计 laser altimeter
极轨道 polar orbit
紧急供氧装置 emergency oxygen apparatus
近地点 perigee
近地轨道 low Earth orbit
近月点 perilune
空间环境探测系统 space environment detector system
空间物理探测 space physics exploration
空间遥测系统 space telemetry network
立体摄像机 stereo camera
领航宇航员 lead astronaut
美国航空航天管理局 NASA(The National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
拍摄和传送地球照片 capture and relay pictures of Earth
偏离轨道 veer off course; deviate from course
气象卫星 weather satellite; meteorological satellite
燃料加注 fuel adding
绕月 circling the moon
绕月卫星 circumlunar satellite
人造卫星 artificial satellite
上升段 ascent stage
生命维持系统 life support system
试验太空船 experimental spacecraft
收集月球表面数据 collect lunar surface data
首次近月制动 first braking at perilune
太空舱 capsule
太空升降舱 space elevator
太空行走 space walk
太阳能电池板 solar panel
探月工程 moon exploration project; moon probe project; lunar exploration program
探月工程首席科学家 chief scientist of China’s lunar orbiter project
探月工程总设计师 chief designer of China’s lunar orbiter project
探月工程总指挥 chief commander of China’s lunar orbiter project
探月卫星 lunar probe; lunar exploration satellite; lunar orbiter
逃逸塔 escape tower
天线 antenna
通信卫星 communication satellite
同步轨道卫星 geosynchronous satellite
推进舱 propelling mole
外太空 outer space; deep space
微波探测仪 microwave sounder
卫星同发射装置分离进入指定轨道：The satellite separated from the launch vehicle and entered the projected orbit; The satellite was released from the launcher upper stage and entered the projected orbit.
无人飞船 unmanned spaceship/spacecraft
下降段 descent stage
现场观摩发射 watch the launch at the site
消毒服 sterilized uniforms
遥感卫星 remote sensing satellite
有效载荷 payload
有效载荷能力 payload capability
远地点 apogee
远月点 apolune
月球表面化学元素和矿物质分布 distribution of chemical elements and minerals on lunar surface
月球的重力场和环境 gravity field and environment of the moon
运载火箭 carrier rocket; rocket launcher
载人飞船 manned spaceship/spacecraft
载人航天 manned space flight
载人航天计划 manned space program
指令舱 command mole
中国国家航天局 China National Space Administration (CNSA)
中国空间技术研究院 China Academy of Space Technology (CAST)
主力火箭 main rockets
着陆架 landing pad
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为什么我国叫航天员不叫宇航员？航天英语相关词汇有哪些？以上就是小编今天的分享啦，大家平时可以多积累一些英语词汇，说不定就能够帮助自己在写作上或者是口语表达上有帮助。
B. “航空方面的知识”用英语怎么说 语境是：“今天我向大家介绍一些有关航空航天方面的知识”.
aeronautical and astronautical knowledge
或
knowledge on aerospace
C. 关于航天的英语作文 请给我翻译 谢谢！
Learning space spirit, bearing the responsibility of the national rejuvenation
A, introctionThe launch of the country's first manned spacecraft "shenzhou" 5 space trip a success, realize the Chinese people for many years of flying dream, grew up ambition of the Chinese people, is China's space in the history of the milestone.Second, the textThe great cause of the great spirit bred the. A new generation of space people in the great course climbing scientific and technological peak, with a unique lofty realm, strong will and outstanding wisdom, created the manned space spirit. This is special to enre hardship, special can fight, special can research, especially to the spirit of dedication. The spirit be worth us forever to learn.Life assious spirit never good. Of the road of life can't be always be smooth. Everyone, always meet this or that of the difficulties and frustrations. We must be in frustration and difficulties of rise. This has to be the spirit of hard work, especially to fight and special can the spirit of residence. "Eat without pains." Study assious spirit never beautiful!Unity is strength, is the rule, but also the administration. Suppose, a collective, if not internal unity, also appeared differences, then it's a collective will be strong? More than that, some have figure out to destroy one, and in this time to attack, the loss is unimaginable.
Science and humanities simultaneously. At a young age, this saying is constantly in our ears: love science, science, with science. But, really implement to, and how many people? Friends think, as long as the society life and cultural knowledge can, need not learning what science. Advanced science and technology, and with a strong country, it is indispensable. As the motherland "flower" we, not only to do science and humanities simultaneously, but also what standard and personality coexistence!Tough conditions to temper the China aerospace people special assious spirit. China's space instry is in extremely hard conditions of start. The boundless gobi desert, the vast ocean, the aerospace workers in order to realize the dream of flying at an early date, discomforts, weathered, overcome countless difficulties and make enormous sacrifices. Severe challenges created China aerospace people able to fight the spirit of special, the lofty mission to glow the China aerospace people special can research spirit. We teenagers, more should learn more in the next hard to study well. In life, study, difficulties and setbacks, don't go, don't flinch, to town, indomitable, dare to victory. Some classmates, in the life of the met a little frustration, to the life lost confidence and hope, think what in the world are good. Then, just commit suicide, and hate from the world. You know, the world is very good, we will cherish life, enjoy the beautiful life. Even if it is bad, it is also cannot change the facts. Like space officials in a serious environment to training, the severe environmental already is the fact that can't change, the only change myself to storm the difficulty. So, we can't because a little frustration and give up their mission, but in the environment, in the hardship, in difficult in the growth of the achievements of his life and mission. The study also is such. Learn not by smart, but hard. Study hard and constantly to study hard, research, this is the study on the performance of the assious spirit never good.United struggle proced China aerospace people special can fengxian spirit. Our country's manned space engineering is the grand scale gunpowder-propelled system engineering. The aerospace workers no matter behind ahead, regardless of the fame and fortune gain and loss, perform its functions and hold your position, a strong force. We live in the same big collective, in order to have a common goal--to protect the collective, should be indifferent to fame and wealth, regardless of his personal gain or loss, content to fengxian, unite, create brilliance. "Unity is strength", this is a powerful forces, is a push people forward power. With this force, can overcome all difficulties, courage to move forward, and achieve the target. To the world, countries all mankind, small to class, family, all together. Some students regardless of collective interests, only for his own heart. For example he in beforehand sowing.results pacing back and forth, and saw a table fell on the ground, he not only don't put the desk do well, but also to play a cruel two feet, is the table put the boot in injury. Another example is the tug-of-war, internal not unity, it is certainly lordaeron.Science is an important symbol of national development and progress. As the successors of the 21 st century we, must want to learn science, love science, the use of science. Science and humanities all need we also high up. A standard of the students, but also the needs of the motherland is the future of the great achievements., standard and indivial character GengShi a vigilant students co-exist word sentence.
学习航天精神，承载民族复兴的责任
一、 引言
我国首次发射的载人航天飞船“神州”五号的航天旅程圆满成功，实现了中华儿女多年的飞天梦想，长大了中国人的志气，是我国航天发展史上的里程碑。
二、 正文
伟大的事业孕育了伟大的精神。新一代航天人在攀登科技高峰的伟大征程中，以特有的崇高境界，顽强的意志和杰出的智慧，铸就了载人航天精神。这就是特别能吃苦、特别能战斗、特别能攻关、特别能奉献的精神。这些精神永远值得我们去学习。
生活上刻苦精神永远美好。人生之路不可能是永远平坦的。每个人，总会遇到这样或那样的困难和挫折。我们必须要在挫折和困难中奋起。这就需要有刻苦的精神，特别能战斗和特别能公馆的精神了。“吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。”学习上刻苦精神永远美好！
团结就是力量，是治国之本，更是治校之本。试想，一个集体，如果内部不团结，还出现分歧的话，那这个集体会强大吗？不止这样，一些有图搞破坏的人，在这个时候大力进攻，那损失更是不堪设想。
科学与人文并举。从小，这一句老话就不断地在我们的耳边回响：爱科学，学科学，用科学。但是，真正落实到的，又有多少人呢？友人认为，只要学会做人和文化知识就可以了，不用在学什么科学了。先进的科学技术，对一个强大的国家来说，是必不可少的。身为祖国的“花朵”的我们，不但要做到科学与人文并举，还要做到规范与个性共存！
艰苦的条件锤炼了中国航天人特别能吃苦的精神。中国航天事业是在极其艰苦的条件下起步的。茫茫的戈壁，浩瀚的海洋，广大航天工作者为了早日实现飞天之梦，不辞劳苦，日晒雨淋，克服了无数的困难，付出巨大的牺牲。严酷的挑战铸就了中国航天人特别能战斗的精神，崇高的使命焕发了中国航天人特别能攻关的精神。我们青少年，更应该在学习上多下苦工，好好学习。在生活上、学习上，遇到困难和挫折，不要逃避，不要退缩，要知难而进，一往无前，敢于胜利。有的同学，在生活中遇到了一点点的挫折，就对人生失去了信心和希望，觉得世界上什么都不是好的。于是，就自寻短见，恨离人世。要知道，这个世界是非常美好的，我们要珍惜生命，好好地享受这美丽的人生。就算它是不好的，那也是无可改变的事实。就像航天人员要在严峻的环境中训练一样，那严峻的环境已是无法改变的事实，那只有改变自己，去攻破这个难关。所以，我们不能因为一点点的挫折而放弃自己的使命，而是要在环境中、在艰苦中、在困难中成长，成就自己的人生和使命。学习上也是如此。学习靠的不是小聪明，而是刻苦。读书要用功，持之以恒地刻苦学习、钻研，这才是学习上刻苦精神永远美好的表现。
团结奋斗培育了中国航天人特别能奉贤的精神。我国载人航天工程是中国航天史上规模宏大的系统工程。广大航天工作者不论前方后方，不计名利得失，履行职责，坚守岗位，形成了强大合力。我们都生活在同一个大集体中，都为了一个共同目标——保护集体，就应该淡泊名利，不计较个人得失，甘于奉贤，团结一心，共创辉煌。“团结就是力量”，这是一股强大的力量，是一股催人前进的力量。有了这股力量，可以排除万难，勇往向前，达到目标。大至世界全人类、国家，小至班集体、家庭，都要团结。有的同学不顾集体利益，一心只为自己。例如他在拌种来回走动，看见一张桌子跌在地上，他不但不把桌子弄好，而且还残忍地踢上一两脚，是桌子雪上加伤。又例如是拔河，内部不团结，那肯定是全军覆没。
科学是一个国家发展进步的重要象征。身为21世纪的接班人的我们，必须要学好科学，热爱科学，使用科学。科学与人文都需要我们同时高高地举起。一个规范的学生，更是祖国的需求，是未来成就大事的人。科学与人文并举，规范与个性共存更始一句警惕学生的话句
D. 用航天知识写一篇英语作文80词左右，急用！
刘洋，女，汉族，河南省林州市人，中共党员，学士学位。1978年10月出生，1997年8月入伍，2001年5月入党，现为中国人民解放军航天员大队四级航天员，少校军衔。曾任空军某师某团某飞行大队副大队长，安全飞行1680小时，被评为空军二级飞行员。
Liu Yang, female, the Han nationality, Henan Province, Linzhou City, the Communist Party, Bachelor degree. Born in October 1978, 1997 2001 August the army, joined the party in May, the Chinese people's Liberation Army astronaut group four astronauts, the rank of major. A former Air Force Regiment of division a group deputy commander, 1680 hours of flight safety, was rated as the two air force pilot.