A. 四级英语语法知识点
Ⅰ动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)
时
1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.
I’ve been writing letters for an hour.
I’ve been sitting in the garden.
2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作
I’d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.
By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.
4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事.
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.
1. 语态
1) 可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:
He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)
2) 双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态
a) 双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
b) 宾补结构的被动语态:
She was called Big Sister by everybody.
Then he was made a squad leader.
He was considered quite qualified for the job.
The room was always kept clean and tidy.
2. 短语动词
1) Vi + adv
The plane took off two hours late.
2) Vi + prep
They looked round the Cathedral.
3) Vi + prep (有被动语态)
She’s looking after her sister’s children.
The children were always well looked after.
4) Vi + adv + prep
I began to look forward to their visits.
5) Vt + O + adv
Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.
The children were brought up by their mother.
They took him on.
6) Vt + adv + O (无被动语态)
I am trying to give up smoking.
7) Vt + O + prep
We talked Donald into agreement.
3. 省略
1) 在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉.
a) Look out for cars when crossing the street.
When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.
While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.
Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.
If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.
Though reced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.
This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.
Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.
She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.
She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.
Fill in the application as instructed.
Whenever known, such facts should be reported.
The documents will be returned as soon as signed.
He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.
Once having made a promise, you should keep it.
b) If necessary I’ll have the letter plicated.
Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver) necessary.
If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.
As scheled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.
2） 在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略.
a) He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary.
We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.
b) They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).
He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.
Their training is free, as is all ecation.
We will, as always, stand on your side.
3） 错误的省略
His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.
While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her.
B. 高一英语必修三知识点总结
第一单元
1. starve
vt.&vi. (使)饿死；饥饿；渴望，急需；饿得要死 Shes starving herself trying to lose weight. 她为了减肥而忍饥挨饿。 常用结构：
starve for渴望得到…… starve to death 饿死 be starved of极需，缺乏
starve sb. into sth./ doing sth.使某人挨饿以迫使其做某事 The plants are starving for water.这些植物极需要水。 They got lost in the desert and starved to death.
The engine was starved of petrol and wouldn’t start. starvation n. 挨饿；饿死
2. belief n. \[C/U\] 信任；信仰，信心 believe vi.&vt. 相信
have belief in sth./sb. 对某物/某人的真实性和正确性所具有的信心 beyond belief 难以置信 in the belief that ... 相信…… It is my belief that ...我相信……
He has great belief in his doctor.他对他的医生无比信赖。 She has lost her belief in God.她已不相信上帝。 3. gain
n. 获得；增加；获利，获得物；收益；利润 vt. 得到；获得，赢得，增加，增添，到达；（钟、表等）快 He gained full marks in the examination.他考试得了满分。
For the first time in her life she gained a clear idea of how vast the world is. The company has made notable gains in proctivity.
My watch gains five minutes a day.我的表一天快5分钟。易混辨析
gain/win/get/earn/acquire
gain指在斗争，竞争中做出很大努力而“获得……”，所得到的东西常具有一定价值。 win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思，意为“赢得”。 get为普通词，有时指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。 earn意为“赚得”，表示经过艰苦努力所得到的报酬。
acquire意为“获得，取得”，一般指通过漫长的过程而逐渐获得。4. award
vt. 授予，奖给(后多接双宾语，在多数场合下用被动形式be awarded);判定 n.奖，奖品；奖金
Medals were awarded to the best speakers on the debating team. He got the highest award in the contest. award/prize/reward
award既可作动词也可作名词，指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而
进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。
prize为名词，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽彩中所赢得的奖。这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。
reward既可作动词也可作名词，指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、酬金。 He won the award for the best student of the year.
A prize was given to the person who had the winning number. He received a medal as a reward for his courage.
5. admire vt. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕。其后可接人或物作宾语，但不可以接宾语从句作宾语。 admiration n. 赞美，钦佩；令人赞美的人或物 admirer n. 钦佩者；羡慕者
admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩或羡慕某人 express admiration for sb. 对某人表示钦佩 have great admiration for sb. 十分钦佩某人 in admiration of 表示钦佩
with/in admiration 心怀钦佩地They admired our garden.他们羡慕我们的花园。 I admire him for his success in business. Aren‘t you going to admire my new house? 联想拓展
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事 rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物
rid sb. of sth.使某人摆脱/除去某物 suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人某事 accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 demand answer of sb.要求某人答复 ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙 6. remind
vt. 提醒；使想起 常用结构:
remind sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人记住/想起某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that ...提醒某人/使某人想起……
I reminded Gerald of his promise.我提醒吉罗德他曾许下的诺言。 Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow. 常用结构：
易错辨析
选词填空(clothing/clothes/cloth)
①The instry in this area has been going from strength to strength. ②It’s cold outside. You’d better put on more . ③How much does it take to make a blouse for a girl? 答案：①clothing②clothes③cloth 联想拓展
take the first place 获得第一名 break out指火灾、战争或瘟疫的突然爆发。
联想拓展
结构。
联想拓展
搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑
孩子们在愚人节那天捉弄了他们的老师。
记住不要戏弄残疾人。 联想拓展
高手过招
用适当的介词填空 （原创） ①Tom liked making fun others in public. ②It’s bad manners to laugh the disabled. ③These boys like playing tricks their teacher. ④He smiled me when he heard my funny answer. 答案：①of②at③on④at 期待某事／做某事(to为介词，后接名词或动名词) 我们应该展望未来。
我熟悉他的作品，并期待他能就文艺创作方面发表自己的见解。 带有介词“to”的短语可用下面这两句话帮助记忆：
习惯于旧方式的人坚持反对新事物，这样导致许多献身于科学的人被宣判为大逆不道。不喜欢这种事实的人谈到此事时，总期待着增添自己的努力使它开始改变。
习惯于be (get) used to，坚持stick to，反对object to，导致lead to，献身于be devoted to，被宣判为be sentenced to，喜欢prefer...to，谈到come to，期待look forward to，增添add to，开始get down to。 高手过招 ①The boy hurried forward (see) the worldfamous oil painting because he had ②The day I had been looking forward to (come).
③I used to (get) up late, but now I’m used to (get) up early.
解析: (1)选C。句意为：她盼望他归来，就如同他想见到她一样。as引导的是省略句，完整的句子是：as he himself is to looking forward to seeing her。此处分析句子结构，同时熟知出席(某活动)(常用于口语);出现;找到;把(收音机等的)音量调大一些(其反义短语是turn
我担保你的手表准有一天能找到。
我听不太清楚收音机,你把声音调大点行吗? turn on 打开；发动
turn over 打翻；移交；反复考虑 高手过招 ①It’s half past ten, but he hasn’t turned yet. ②It’s wrong to turn our motherland.
③Please turn the radio a bit; I’m doing my homewor
C. 高二必修五英语短语总结外研版
学习是每个一个学生的职责，而学习的动力是靠自己的梦想，也可以这样说没有自己的梦想就是对自己的一种不责任的表现，下面给大家分享一些关于高二必修五 英语 短语 总结 ，希望对大家有所帮助。
高二必修五英语短语总结1
Mole1
重点短语：
1.It is obvious (to sb.) that 从句
对某人来说，……是显然的
2.confuse A with/and B 把A和B相混淆
3.be confused by sth . 被…….搞糊涂了
4.in confusion 困惑的;困窘地
5.compare. . .with. . . 和……比较
6.compare. . .to 把……比作
7.comepared to/with 和……相比(作状语)
8.variety of=varieties of 各种各样的
9.differ from sb./sth. 与某人或某物有区别，相异
10.differ in. . . 在某方面不同
11.have sth.in common (with sb./sth.)
和某人或某物有相同之处
12.have a lot/much/a great deal in common with. . .
与……有很多共同之处
13.have nothing/little in common with. . .
与……没有/很少有共同之处
14.in common with sb./sth. 和……一样
15.make a difference 有关系;有重要性;
16.make some difference to. . . 对……有些关系
17.make much difference to. . . 关系重大;有重大影响
18.make no difference to. . . 对……没有关系
19.be similar to 与……相似
20.be similar in 在……方 面相 似
21.have some/much difficulty(in)doing sth.
做某事有些/很多困难
22.have some/much difficulty with sth.
做某事有一些/很多困难
23.with difficulty 困(艰)难地
24.lead to sb.doing sth. 使得某人做某事
25.lead sb.to do sth. 使得某人去做某事
26.announce sth.to sb. 向某人宣布某事
=announce to sb.sth 向某人宣布某事
27.add. . .to. . . 把……加到……中
28.add to 增加
29.add up. . . 合计;加起来
30.add up to. . . 总计
31.make an announcement 发表声明，通知
32.at present 现在;目前
33.make an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
34.make an attempt at doing sth. 试图(尝试)做某事
35.at one’s first attempt 第一次尝试
36.attempt at(doing)sth. 尝试(做)某事
37.in favour of 同意，支持，拥护
38.do sb.a favour 帮某人一个忙
39.ask sb.a favour =ask a favour of sb 请求某人帮忙
40.in sb.’s favour 有助于某人
41.refer to. . .as. . . 称……为……
42.refer to 参考
43.make (a) reference (s) to 提及，论及
44.now (that)+ 句子 由于;既然
重点知识点：
compare(v.)---comparison(n.)
把A和B比较compare A with B把A比作/比喻为Bcompare A to B
比起…,与…相比(作状语)compared with /to比得上compare with
无与伦比beyond comparison与…比较in comparison相比之下by comparison
differ(vi)different(adj.)difference(n.)
在…方面不同differin= be differentin区分…和…Tell the difference between…and..
不同于differfrom= be differentfrom和某人在…方面differ with sb. on sth.有影响，使不同make a difference
对…有影响have an effect on=have an influence on =affect =influence
Itmakes a big differenceto your lifewhetheryou take an optimistic attitudeor not.
你是否采取乐观的态度对你的人生有很大的影响。
common
有很多/有一些/几乎没有/没有共同点havemuch(a lot)/everything/ nothing(little)in common和…一样in common with
lead
lead to+doing/n通往，通向;导致，招致leadsbtosp.带领某人到某地
leadsbto dosth.使某人做某事，领某人干某事
命题方向：1). lead to +doing/ being done
2).leading to作定语或状语。
3).含介词的短语动词用在定语从句中，考察句中的谓语动词。
短语lead to中，to为介词，总结一下“动词+介词to”的常用短语
pay attention to注意devote… to…献身于stick to坚持be used to习惯于
belong to属于object to反对get down to开始认真做..contribute to为..做贡献
pay a visit to参观; 拜访
difficulty
have some/much/no difficulty (in) doing做某事有一些/没有困难
There is some/no difficulty (in) doing sth.
There is some/no difficulty with sth.(注意：difficulty为不可数名词)
have some/much/no difficulty (in) doing做某事有一些/没有困难
There is some/no difficulty (in) doing sth.
There is some/no difficulty with sth.(注意：difficulty为不可数名词)
attempt
attempt to do/ attempt at doing.试图做…;尝试做…
make an/no attempt to do (没有)试图/打算做…
at one’s first attempt (to do)第一次尝试做…
add
add…to…把…加到…上add to增加
add…up把…加起来add up to总计
高二必修五英语短语总结2
Mole 2
重点短语：
1.to one’s satisfaction 使某人感到满意的是
2.offer one’s hand 伸出手
3.offer sb.sth. =offer sth.to sb. 为某人提供某物
4.show/have respect for sb.=respect sb. 尊敬某人
5.give/send my respects to sb.
请代我向某人问好/致意
6.in all respects 无论从哪方面来看
7.pass by 经过;从……旁经过
8.pass away 去世;(时间等)消磨掉，过去
9.pass down 把……一代传一代;流传
10.pass on 传递
11.take. . .for granted 认为…...理所当然
12.take it/things easy 轻松，放松
13.take one’s time 慢慢来，不着急
14.in particular 尤其，特别地
15.be particular about/over. . . 对……讲究/挑剔
16.have an effect on. . . 对……有影响
17.take up 站好位置以备……
18.when用作并列连词时，常用下列句型：
(1)Sb.was about to do sth.when. . .
=Sb.was on the point of doing sth.when. . .
某人正要干某事时，这时…….
(2) Sb.was doing sth.when. . .
某人正在干某事时，这时……
(3) Sb.had (just) done sth.when. . .
某人刚干完某事时，这时……
19.apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某物
20.apply sth.to sth. 把……应用于……
21.apply to. . . 适用于……
22.apply onesely to. . . 致力于……
23.sth. require doing/to be done
某物需要被做……
24.require sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事
25.require that. . .(should) do sth. 要求做某事
26.in great demand 需求很大
27.meet/satisfy one’s demang(s) 满足某人的需要
28.demang to do sth. 要求做某事
29.demand that. . .(should) do sth. 要求某人做某事
30.in response to 作为……的回应
31.make/give a response to 对…...做出反应
32.make/give no response to 对…不予回答/理解
重点知识：
offer n/v
表示愿意做，主动给予提出，提供(买方)出价
charge(卖方)收费，要价
offer/provide /supply
提供给某人某物
offer sb sth//offer sth to sb
provide sb with sth/ provide sth for sb
supply sb with sth/ supply sth to sb
主动提出做某事:offer to do
apply v
①apply sth to应用
New technology isapplied toalmost everyinstrial process. (工业流程)
②apply oneself to致力于;专心于
If only heappliedhimself to study, he would do better in it.
③apply for申请
Beforeapplyingfor the post, you have to fill in theapplication form.
【拓展】applicant n.申请人
表示“致力于;专心于”的短语：
belost/ buried /involved/ absorbed/ occupied…in
concentrate/ focus/ fix….on
bedevoted / addicted/ abandonedto(沉迷于)
demand n.
①(非常/很)受欢迎的in (good) demand
②需要,需求(尤指顾客)demand for sth./ sb.
③对某人做某事的要求demand for sb. to do sth.
demand可加n./Pro./To do/that从句作宾语。
注意：不能说:demand sb to do sth
高二必修五英语短语总结3
Mole 3
重点短语：
1.on account of 因为
2.on no account 决不，在任何条件下都不
3.take sth. into account=take account of sth.
把某事考虑在内
4.account for 做出解释，提出理由
5. lie-lay-lain-lying 平躺;位于
Lay – laid –laid – laying 放置;产卵
6.The boy lying on the ground lied that his cocklaid an egg.
躺在地上的小男孩说他的公鸡下了一只蛋。
7.get into (a) panic 陷入恐慌状态
8.be at/in a panic 在恐慌中
9.be curious about 对……好奇，感兴趣
10.out of curiosity 出于好奇
11.satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心
12.have connection with 与…有联系/有关联
13.have a direct/close/strong connection with
与…有直接/密切/牢固的联系
14.have sth./nothing to do with 与…有关/与…无关
15.be related to 与…有关
16.to one’s astonishment 令某人吃惊的是
17.to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是
18.to one’s excitement 令某人激动的是
19.to one’s disappointment 令人失望的是
20.to one’s sorrow 令人难过的是
21.to one’s joy 令人高兴的是
22.to one’s satisfaction 令人满意的是
23.warn sb.about/of sth. 警告某人某事
24.warn sb. Not to do sth.=warn against doing sth 警告某人不要做某事
25.be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
26.force sb.to do sth.=force sb.into doing sth
强迫某人做某事
27.force sth.on/upon sb. 把…强加于某人
28.play a trick on sb. 拿某人开玩笑，捉弄某人
29.make fun of sb. 嘲笑某人;取笑某人
30.make up 编造;组成;和解;化妆;弥补…
31.be/feel in the mood for(doing) sth
=be/feel in the mood to do sth. 有心情做某事
32.in a bad/good mood 情绪不好/很好
33.be set in 以…为背景
34.set off 出发;引爆，使爆炸
35.set out to do sth. 开始做某事
36.set about doing sth. 开始/着手做某事
37.set sth.aside 把某物放在一边;省出;
38.set up 建立;设立;创立
39. resemble … in… 在…方面像…
重点知识：
account v./n.
on account of由于Takeinto account烤鱼On no account绝不accounted for解释
bank account银行账户
as if
as if引导的从句作表语。
as if = as though好像，似乎,主要用于引导状语从句和
表语从句。当前面有系动词look, seem, taste, smell, keep, sound
等时，如果表示的可能性较大，与事实较一致时，谓语动词用
陈述语气。
as if从句用虚拟语气的情况：
⑴从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。
You look as if you did not care. (实际上关心)
⑵从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”
He talked about Paris as if he had been there before.(实际上以前没去过)
⑶从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。
It looks as if it might snow.(实际上不会下雪)
⑴分词作定语
1)通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如：
He is the man giving you the money.(= who gave you…)
He is the man stopped by the car.( = who was stopped by…)
2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生
⑵分词作状语
⑶连词+分词(短语)
有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。如：when，while，if though，after, before, as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个
⑷分词作补语 通常在感官动词和使役动词和like, want, wish, order等表示“希望”“要求”等意义的动词之后
⑸分词作表语
⑹分词作插入语:其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。
generally speaking一般说来
strictly speaking严格的说
judging from从…判断
all things considered从整体来看
taking all things into consideration全面看来
⑺分词的时态
1).与主语动词同时(not) doing…
2)先于主动词 (not)having done…
⑻独立主格结构：在用分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语一般必须与句子主语一致。
如不一致，分词须带上自己的逻辑主语。常表伴随的动作或情
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