⑴ 初二英语知识点归纳
学好英语知识点,需要我们运用正确的 方法 。下面是我收集整理的初二英语知识点归纳以供大家学习。
初二英语知识点归纳(一)
How often do you exercise?
1. Next week is quite full for me. 下一周对于我来说相当忙。
2. How often do you go to the movies? 你多久看一次电影?
3. I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我大概每月去看一次电影。
4. I have dance and piano lesson. 我要上舞蹈和钢琴课。
5. How often do they stay up late? 他们多久熬一次夜?
6. How many hours do you sleep every night?你每晚睡几个小时?
7. Last month we asked our students about their free time activities.
上个月我们向学生问了他们的业余活动的情况。
8. Here are the results. 这是调查的结果。
9. We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day.
我们发现仅有15%的学生每天锻炼。
10. Twenty percent do not exercise at all! 20%的学生根本不锻炼。
11. We were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day. 我们吃惊的是他们中有90%每天都使用因特网。
12. Most students use it for fun and not for homework. 大部分学生用互联网只是娱乐而不是为了作业。
13. The answers to our questions about watching TV were also interesting. 关于看电视这个问题的回答也非常有趣。
14. Although many students like to watch sports ,game shows are the most popular. 尽管很多学生看运动类节目,但游戏类节目是最受欢迎的。
15. It’s good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise. 通过上网或看游戏类节目是很好的放松方式,但我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼。
16. Exercise such as playing sports is fun, and you can spend time with your friends and family as you play together. 比如进行体育活动这方面的锻炼是有趣的,当你们一起的时候你可以和朋友.家人一起度过时光。
17. Old habits die hard. 积习难改。
18. She usually watches TV for more than two hours a day. 她通常每天看两个多小时的电视。
19. Her parents aren’t very happy because she hardly ever helps with housework and she never goes to the dentist for teeth cleaning. 她的父母很不高兴因为她几乎从不帮助做家务,并且她从不为清洁牙齿去看牙医。
20. You have to learn more about healthy habits.你必须要多了解一下健康的习惯。
21. You are smart about your health most of the time. 大部分时间你对你的健康很明智。
22. Jane is a 16-year-old high school student in the United States.简是美国一名16岁的中学生。
23. She says she is afraid. 她说她害怕。
24. He uses the Internet at least three or four times a week. 他每周至少上网三到四次。
25. Start exercising before it’s too late. 在为时太晚前就开始锻炼吧。
初二英语知识点归纳(二)
重点 句子
1. how often do you exercise?
你多久锻炼一次
2. —What do you usually do on weekends?
—周末你通常干什么?
—I usually play soccer.
—我通常踢 足球 。
3. She says it’s good for my health.
她说这对我的健康有好处。
4. How many hours do you sleep every night?
你每天晚上睡多少个小时?
5. And twenty percent do not exercise at all!
并且百分之二十的学生根本不运动!
6. The answers to our questions about watching television was also interesting.
对于我们看电视这个问题的回答也很有趣。
7. It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.
通过上网或看娱乐节目放松是好的,但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼。
8. It is healthy for the mind and the body.
它对于大脑和身体是健康的。
初二英语知识点归纳(三)
I’m going to study computer science.
1. What do you want to be when you grow up? 你长大后打算做什么?
2. Now I know why you’re so good at writing stories.
现在我知道为什么你如此擅长写 故事 。
3. How are you going to become a writer? 你打算怎样成为一名作家?
4. I’m going to keep on writing stories,of course.
当然我要坚持不懈地写故事。
5. My parents want me to be a doctor , but I’m not sure about that.
我的父母想让我成为一名医生,但是我对此没有把握。
6. Not everyone knows what they want to be.
不是每一个人都知道自己想做什么。
7. Make sure you try your best and you can be anything you want!
保证尽自己的最大努力,然后你就能成就你想做的!
8. I’m going to write articles and send them to magazines and newspapers. 我打算写些 文章 并把它们寄给杂志社和报社。
9. Foreign languages are not for me.外语不适合我。
10. Do you know what a resolution is? 你知道决心是什么吗?
11. Most of the time, we make promises to other people.
大都数时候,我们向他人承诺。
12. I promise I’m going to tidy my room when I get back from school.
我保证我从学校回来时整理我的房间。
13. Promises you make to yourself are resolutions, and the most common kind is New Year’s resolutions.
你对自己许下的承诺就叫决心,而且最普通的一种是新年时下的决心。
14. When we make resolutions at the beginning of the year, we hope that we are going to improve our lives.
我们在一年的开头下决心时,我们希望会改善我们的生活。
15. Some people write down their resolutions and plans for the coming year.
一些人记下来年的决心和计划。
16. There are different kinds of resolutions. 有不同种类的决心。
17. Many resolutions have to do with self-improvement.
许多决心与自我提高有关。
18. Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby like painting or taking photos, or learn to play the guitar.
一些人可能说他们要培养一种 爱好 ,比如画画或照相,或学习弹吉他。
19. Although there are differences, most resolutions have one thing in common.
虽然有不同之处,但是多数决心有一个共同之处。
20. Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep.
有时候决心可能太难执行。
21. For this reason, some people say the best resolution is to have no resolutions!
因为这个原因,一些人说最好的决心是没有决心。
22. The first resolution is about my own personal improvement.
第一个决心与自我提高有关。
⑵ 英语语法基础知识要点
1. 主从复合句
- 概念:主从复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成。主句是句子的主体,而从句作为句子的次要成分,不能独立成为完整的句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并与主句通过关联词连接。
- 例子:(The old couple loves their children deeply, and at the same time, they are strict with them.)
2. 英语必备语法知识
- ① “have”和“there be”均可用“有”字翻译,但“have”表示主观的“所有、拥有”,而“there be”表示客观的“存在,某处有某物”。
- ② “there be”的单复数变化与be的变化规则相同,取决于后面所接的主语。
- ③ “have”在第三人称单数时变为“has”。
- ④ “there be”的否定形式在be后加not,而“have”通常在宾语前加“no”表示“没有”。
3. 英语语法知识总结
- if和whether的区别:
- ① 在动词不定式前只能用whether。
- ② 在whether …… or not的固定搭配中使用。
- ③ 在介词后只能用whether。
- ④ 宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether。
- ⑤ 用if可能导致歧义时,应使用whether。
4. 英语作文
- When I was 4 years old, my mother told me she was going to have a baby, and then I got a sister. At first, I disliked my sister because my mother seemed to care about her all the time, and I felt ignored. But now, my sister plays with me, and I'm no longer lonely. She helps me a lot, and I love my little sister.
5. 英语作文
- Look, this is a photo of my family. There are six people in it. The two people sitting in the middle with grey hair are my grandparents. My grandmother is three years older than my grandfather. They are both kind. The tallest one is my father, standing behind my grandpa. My mother stands next to my father. My lovely younger sister stands close to my grandpa. And the one close to my grandma is me. I have a happy family. We love each other.
⑶ 英语基础语法知识总结
英语基础语法知识总结
英语必备语法知识
一、过去完成进行时
1.概念:表示某个正在进行的动作或状态,持续到过去某个时刻,还未完成,一直持续到之后的当前才结束。
2.基本结构:主语+ had + been + doing +其它
3.例子:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。 Had they been expecting the news for some time?他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧?
4.特殊含义:①尚未完成:He had been writing the novel.他已经在写小说了。(他没写完)
②企图:He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾经学习过这个谚语。(他曾努力学习过它) ③未得结果:We had been studying what our enemy had said.我们一直致力于敌人所说的。(但是我们没有理解) ④最近情况:He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一场架。(最近)
⑤反复动作:He had been asking me the same question.他一直问我相同的问题。(屡次)
⑥情绪:What had he been doing?他做了什么?(不耐烦)
二、 将来完成进行时
1.概念:表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去,要视上下文而定。
2.基本结构:shall/will have been doing
3.例子:I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底,我将在这个工厂工作20年了。
If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱们如不快一点儿,等我们到了那儿,店门就会关了。
英语重要语法知识
介 词
一、介词的主要用法:介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)..或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,
如:out of(从…中出来)because of(因为)away from(距离…),
on top of(在…顶上)ever since(自从…)next to(在…隔壁),
according to(根据…) in front of(在…前方)等。
二、介词短语的句法作用:
介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。
如:The man came .(状)(那个人走下楼来)
The woman is from the countryside.
(定)(头上戴花的妇女来自乡下)
The teacher is now with the pupils.
(表)(老师现在和学生在一起)
三、介词短语在句子中的位置:
介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,
如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾;
介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后;
介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。
如:He wanted to find a good jobin Shanghai the next year.
(状语)(他想来年在上海找份好工作) They searched the roomfor the thief.(他们在房间里搜索小偷)
The letters are for you.(表语)(信是给你的)
Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?
(定语)(你看见一只黑头白腿的猫了吗?)
英语语法知识要点
一、主语
1、名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。
如:The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。)
They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。)
To see is to believe.(耳听为虚眼见为实).
Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)
2、动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。
如:It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat ring the long journey.
(在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)
3、口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略: (It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。) (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系。) (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。)
4、反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词:
The man looks worried,doesn’the? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗?)
Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗?)
5、祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。
Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来。)
6、主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾;倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。
如:Computers are made in this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂。)
Where are they? (他们在哪儿?)
Does the boy like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗?)
7、主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。
Neither Jim nor Rosehas passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。)
The Chinese peopleare a hardworking and brave people.
(中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)
8、主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。
拓展: 初高中基础英语语法知识
一、词 法
1、名词
(1)名词的可数与不可数
可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来统计,都称为不可数名词。
不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念,就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数。如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。
(2)名词复数的规则变化
A.一般情况下加-s。
B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es。
C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es。
D.以f,fe结尾的.,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es。
(3)名词的所有格
A. 单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’s。
如:the worker’ s bike,the Children’ s ball
B. 表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后加’ s。
如: This is Lucy and Lily’ s room.
These are Kate’ s and jack’ s rooms.
C. 如果是通过在词尾加-s构成的复数形式的名词,只加’。
如:the students’ books,the girls’ blouses
(另外:如果名词是有生命的,我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。)
2、代词
人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词
(1)人称代词
第一人称单数
I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称
单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称
单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
(2)物主代词
物主代词的用法:形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟一个名词;
名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。
(3)反身代词
反身代词的构成分两种:第一、二人称反身代词在形容词性物主代词后加上self或selves,第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves.
反身代词的用法:一种是作宾语,由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。如:I enjoyed myself at the party. 另一种是作名词或代词的同位语;用来加强语气。如:I can do it myself.
(4)指示代词
指示代词的特殊用法:
(1)为了避免重复,可用that,those代替前面提到过的名词,但是this,these不可以。
(2)this,that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。
(5)不定代词
one,some,any,other,another,all,both,each,neither,many,much等。
3、冠词
(1)不定冠词an用在元音读音开头(不是指元音字母)的词前,其余用不定冠词a。
(2)定冠词的基本用法
A. 用在重新提到的人或事物前面。
B. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面。
C. 用在单数可数名词前面,表示某一类人或事物。
(3)定冠词的特殊用法
A. 用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。
B. 用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。
C. 用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。
D. 用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。
E. 用在姓氏的复数形式前面,表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。
F. 用在乐器名称前。
G. 和某些形容词连用,表示某一类人或事物。
(4)名词前不用冠词的情况
A. 在专有名词 (包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节) 、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不用冠词。但在以festival组成的民间节日前要加the。
B. 表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。
C. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词。
D. 三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词。在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。
(sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌边
go to school去上学;go to the school去那所学校;in hospital住院;in the hospital在那个医院里
4、数词
(1)数字的表示
三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。
1,000以上的数字,从后向前第三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand,第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion。
(2)序数词除了first,second,third外,其余都在基数词尾加-th构成。
(3)分数分子在前,分母在后,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分母序数词要变成复数。
(4)hundreds(thousands,millions)of…
5、形容词、副词
(1)形容词的位置
A. 形容词作定语一般要放在名词前面,但当形容词修饰不定代词something,nothing,anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后。如:something important,nothing serious。
B. 当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时,定语或表语要后置。如:
We have g a hole two meters deep.
The hole is about two metres deep.
(2)形容词的比较等级
单音节词和少数双音节词,在词尾加-(e)r,-(e)st来构成比较级和最高级。其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级。如:
popular—more popular—most popular
important—more important—most important
(3)副词的比较等级
单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。绝大多数副词借助more,most来构成比较级和最高级。
(4)少数形容词和副词比较级/最高级的不规则变化:
原级 比较级 最高级
well —— better —— best
badly —— worse —— worst
much —— more —— most
little —— less —— least
far —— farther —— farthest
farthest furthest
late —— later —— latest
(5)副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词the。
6、介词
(1)表示时间的介词及介词短语
in, at, on, before,after,till,since,for, from…to, until, by,in the middle of,at the beginning of, at the end of,at half past five,at night,in a week,in the morning,in class,at sunrise, in spring / summer / autumn /winter,on Sunday,on Saturday afternoon,on a winter evening,for a long time,for two months,after school,since liberation,before lunch,at the time of,at the age of
(2)表示地点的介词及介词短语
in,at,into,to,on,beside,before,behind,above,under, outside,inside,up,from,far,near,across,off, down, among, past,between,out of,around,in the front of, in the middle of, at the back of,at the foot of,at home,at the gate,at the table,in the sky, on the ground,in a tree, in the south,in the sun,in the bed,on one’s way home,by the side of
二、八种基本时态
1、一般现在时
概念: 表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。
常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表时间的状语连用。如:
1) I go to school every day. 我每天都去学校。(表经常)
2) He is always like that. 他总是那样。 (表状态)
构成:
1) 主语 + be (am / are / is ) +……
2) 主语 + 实义动词/三单动词 + …
2、一般过去时
概念:
1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 , 常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如: yesterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago等.
如: I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影。
2) 也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
如: He always went to work by bike last week.
构成:
1) 主语 + be (was / were ) +……
2) 主语 + 实义动词过去式 +……
3、现在进行时
概念: 表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。如:
He is singing.
They are watching TV now.
构成: 主语 + 助动词be(am/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成。
4、过去进行时
概念: 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外,一般用时间状语来表示。
如:
1) ---What were you doing?
---I was jumping.
2) ---What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?
---He was sleeping.
构成: 主语 + 助动词be(was/were) + 动词-ing形式构成。
5、一般将来时
概念: 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如: tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future等。如:
He will go shopping tomorrow.
They are going to play basketball next week.
构成:
1) 主语 + 助动词will + 动原 +……
2) 主语 + be going to + 动原 + ……
6、过去将来时
概念: 表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成:
1) 主语(第一人称) + 助动词should + 动原 +……
2) 主语 + would + 动原 + ……
3) 主语 + was/ were going to +动原……
用法: 过去将来时除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在间接引语中,主句谓语动词为过去时态。如:
1) I should go.
2) You knew I would come.
3) They were going to Nanjing.
7、现在完成时
构成: 主语 + 助动词 ( have / has ) + 动词过去分词 +……
用法例句表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
---Have you had your lunch yet?
---Yes, I have. (现在我不饿了)
8、过去完成时
构成: 主语 + 助动词 had + 动词过去分词 +……
例句表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示的动作发生的时间是”过去的过去”.表示过去某一时间可用by,before 等构成的短语,也可用when, before, 等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示。
I had finished my homework when my mom came back home.
三、三种基本从句
从句的共同特点:
从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子,充当什么成分就叫什么从句,如:充当宾语就叫宾语从句,充当定语成分就叫定语从句。
从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点:从句是句子。
从句的共同特点:
1.从句都有自己的连接词
2.从句都是陈述语序(陈述语序就是主语在前,谓语在后,如:He is a teacher主语 He 在谓语is之前,因此是陈述语序,而Is he a teacher? 主语 He 在谓语is之后,因此不是陈述语序。)
1、宾语从句
宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子,如:
He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.
宾语从句的特点:
①宾语从句有自己的连接词
②宾语从句用陈述语序
③宾语从句的时态
(1)宾语从句的连接词:
宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。
(2)宾语从句的语序:
A. 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后),如:
I want to know if he can come tomorrow.
B. 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面直接加谓语动词,如:She asked me who had helped him.
(3)宾语从句的时态,只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现”
A. 主现则从任:主句如果是一般现在时,则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种,如:1.He tells me he likes English very much.(一般现在时)。
B. 主过则从过:主句如果是一般过去时,则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种,带“过”字的时态分别是:一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。
如:He told me that he liked playing football(一般过去时)
C. 客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。
如:He says the moon goes around the earth.
2、状语从句
(1)时间状语从句:在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。
时间状语的连接词:when(当…时候) while(当…时候) as(当…时候) after(在…以后) before(在…以前) as soon as(一…就) since(自从…到现在) till /until(直到…才) by the time(到…为止)依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。
举例:when当…的时候(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。)
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
(2)原因状语从句:在一个句子中作原因状语的句子。
连接词:由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导。
举例:I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.
(3)条件状语从句:在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。
连接词:if如果, unless (=if not) 除非(让步)
举例:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
(4)目的、结果状语从句
目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。
结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子
目的状语从句连接词so that, so…that , in order that 引导。
结果状语从句连接词 so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。
举例:so…that 如此…以至于
The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.
(5)让步状语从句
让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子
连接词: though, although.,whether…or not
举例:Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
3.no matter从句
结构:"no matter +特殊疑问词+陈述语序" 或"特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序"
如:No matter what happened, he would not mind.
注意:no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
3、定语从句
定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。
如:I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flowers.(beautiful是定语)
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如:
I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.
定语从句的连接词:
连接代词:who,which,whom,whose,that
连接副词:when,where,why