‘壹’ 英语知识点
英语中分数的表达方法:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,作分母的序数词用复数。
1/2:a half
1/3:one third
?:one quarter
3/4:three quarters
3/5:three fifths
分子用基数词,分母用序数词,先说分子,再说分母,中间不使用任何连接或分割。
比如
5/9 five ninth
2/5 two fifth
百分数的话如
56% 就是fifty six percent 基数词加上 percent 就好了
1/3 one third
2/3 two thirds
分子用基数词,分母用序数词
当分子是1时,分母用单数;当分子超过1时,分母的序数词加s
‘贰’ 初高中英语语法专题:数词知识点综合讲解及归纳总结
一.分类: 基数词和序数词
二.用法 :
1.基数词: 用来计数的词,除了one,用来修饰可数名词复数。
e.g. two apples
three sisters
twenty books
2.序数词: 用来表示顺序的词,通常用来修饰可数名词单数,在句子中,序数词通常与the连用。
e.g. second book
twentieth game
3. 基数词转变为序数词的变化规则:
1-10 11-19(十几通 10-90(几十通常
常以-teen结尾) 以-ty结尾)
one-first eleven-eleventh ten-tenth
two-second twelve-twelfth twenty-twentieth
three-third thirteen-thirteenth thirty-thirtieth
four-fourth fourteen-fourteenth forty-fortieth
five-fifth fifteen-fifteenth fifty-fiftieth
six-sixth sixteen-sixteenth sixty-sixtieth
seven-seventh seventeen-seventeenth seventy-seventieth
eight-eighth eighteen-eighteenth eighty-eightieth
nine-ninth nineteen-nineteenth ninety-ninetieth
注意:几十几中间必须有连字符“-”,基数词变序数词只变个位,不变十位;
e.g. twenty-one: twenty-first
twenty-nine: twenty-ninth
sixty-eight: sixty-eighth
4.数词的用法:
(1)除了one,基数词通常修饰可数名词的复数;序数词通常修饰可数名词单数,通常与the连用。但出现the不一定用序数词。
e.g.There are three apples on the desk.
Look at the six pictures.
Look at the sixth picture.
(2)次数和倍数,倍数的表示:time意思为“时间”为不可数名词;意思为“次数”为可数名词。
①once“一次,一倍”,不可写为one time
②twice“两次,两倍”,不可写为two times
③基数词(大于或等于3)+times
e.g. three times三次,三倍
four to six times四到六次,四到六倍
(3)分数的表示:分子为基数词,分母为序数词;分子大于1,分母变复数;英语里面只出现真分数。
e.g.1/3: one third=one in three
2/3: two thirds=two in three
1/4: one fourth= one quarter=one in four
3/4: three fourths=three quarters=three
in four
1/2: one second=a half=one in two
注意:分数也可表示为分子,分母均用基数词,分子+in+分母。
(4)百分数的表示:百分号为percent,基数词+percent; percent只能用单数形式; 分数和百分数可以相互转换。
e.g. 20%: twenty percent
5%: five percent
(5)时刻的表示:英语里面的时刻为十二小时制;
①先读小时再读分钟,小时和分钟均为基数词;
e.g. 6:15 six fifteen
6:30 six thirty
6:45 six forty-five
②先读分钟再读小时,分钟和小时均为基数词,规则:分钟小于或等于30,为“分钟+past+小时”;分钟大于30,为“(60-分钟)+to+(小时+1)”。
e.g. 6:15 fifteen past six=a quarter past
six
6:30 thirty past six= thirty past six
6:45 fifteen to seven= a quarter to
seven
(6)百(hundred),千(thousand),百万(million)和十亿(billion)的表示:几百,几千等由“基数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion”;数以百计等有“hundreds/thousands/millions/billions +of”。
e.g.九百:nine hundred
三百亿:three million
数以千计的:thousands of
数以十亿计的:billions of
注意:这几个词前面加了基数词就不能与of连用。
(7)年份和世纪的表示:世纪后面的年代必须是整十。
e.g.在1990年:in 1990
在1998年:in 1998
二十世纪九十年代:in the 1990s
十八世纪七十年代:in the1770s
(8)年龄的表示:
e.g.二十岁: twenty=twenty years old=at the age of twenty=in one’s twenties
三十五岁:thirty-five=thirty-five years old=at the age of thirty-five
(9)页码的表示:the+序数词+page=page +序数词对应的基数词
e.g.第五页:the fifth page=page five
(10)房间,年级,班级等的表示:
e.g. 405房间:Room 405
108班:Class 108
九年级:Grade 9=Grade Nine
‘叁’ 什么是百分数百分数的知识点包括哪些
百分数的知识点包括:
1. 百分数的定义:百分数是用来表示一个数是另一个数的百分之几的数。它也被称为百分率或百分比。百分数反映的是两个数之间的比率关系,不表示具体的数量,因此没有单位名称。百分数通常不写成分数形式,而是将分子后面加上"%"符号来表示。
2. 小数与百分数的转换规则:要将小数转换为百分数,只需将小数点向右移动两位,并在末尾添加百分号。要将百分数转换为小数,只需去掉百分号,并将小数点向左移动两位。
3. 百分数与分数的转换规则:将分数转换为百分数时,通常先将分数转换为小数(如果除不尽,保留三位小数),然后将小数转换为百分数。将百分数转换为分数时,先将百分数改写为分数形式,如果可能,要约分为最简分数。
4. 百分数公式:求一个数的百分率就是求这个数是另一个数的百分之几。(在算式中要乘以100%,例如浓度、利润率等)。
5. 百分数应用题的一般类型:涉及一个数是另一个数的百分之几的问题,例如发芽率、出粉率、合格率、出勤率等。求一个数比另一个数多(或少)百分之几的问题,常用“增加了百分之几”、“减少了百分之几”、“节约了百分之几”等来表示增加或减少的幅度。计算公式为:两数的差÷单位1 = 百分之几。
‘肆’ 初二英语上册知识点总结归纳
有很多同学在复习八年级上册英语时,因为没有系统的总结,导致复习效率低下。下面是由我为大家整理的“八年级上册英语各单元知识点大归纳”,仅供参考,欢迎大家阅读本文。
八年级上册英语各单元知识点大归纳
Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?
[语法解析]
不定代词:不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。用法注意:
1. some和any +可数名/不可数名。some多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。有些间句中用some,不用any,问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。
2.由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词作主语时,其谓语动词用第三单
3.不定代词若有定语修饰,该定语要置于其后:如: somehing interesting
二、知识点:
1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物
2. taste + adj. 尝起来....
3. nothing ..but + V. (原形)除了...外什么都没有
4. seem+ (tobe) + adj 看起来
5.arrive in+大地方
arrive at+小地方到达某地
6. decide to do sth.决定做某事
7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事
try to do sth. 尽力做某事
8. enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
9. want to do sth.想去做某事
10. start doing sth.开始做某事=begin doing sth.
11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事
区分: stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
14. so+ adj+ that +从句 如...以至....
16. tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人(不要)做某事
17. keep doing sth.继续做某事
18. forget to do sth.忘记去做某事
forget doing sth忘 记做过某事
二、词语辨析:
1 take a photo/ take photos 拍照
quite a few+名词复数“许多..”
2. seeng[ 形容词看起来-.. You seem happy today.
to do sth. 似乎、好像做搜氏某事
I seem to have a cold
It seems +从句似-. It seems that no one believe you.
seem like -.好像,似乎... It seems like a good idea,
{ arive in +大地点,= gtto= reach+地点名 “到达..
arrive at +小地点
(注:若后跟地点副词here/therehome,介词需宽渗省略,如: arive here; get home)4. feel like sth/ doing sth.感觉像是...
5. wonder“想知道”,+疑问词(who, what, why)引导的从句。
because of +名/代/-ing
Because+从句,表示直接明确的原因或理由。
He can’t take a walk because of the rain.
1 don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.
7.enough +名词:“足够..”
形容词/副词+enough
Unit2 How often do you exercise?
[语法世巧散解析]
1.频率副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, never
频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前,be 动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态2.“次数”的表达方法
一次once, 两次 twice,三次或三次以上用基数词+ times, three times,five times
3、howoften “多久- -次”问频率,回答常含有频率词组或短语。
常见的how疑问词:
1) How soo多久(以后)
- How soon will he be back?他多久能回来?
- He will be back in a month.他一个月后能回来。
eg.-How long did it take you to clean the house?你打扫房子用了多久?
- -It took me half an hour to clean the house.我打扫这房子用了半小时。
3) How many+名复How much+不可名“多少”问数量(how much还可问价格)二知识点: .
1. go to the movies去看电影
2. look after= take care of照顾
3. surf the internet.上 网
4. healthy ifestyle健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding去划板
6. keep healthy=stay healthy保持健康
7. eatina habits饮食习惯
8. take more exercise做更多的运动
9. thesameas与什么相同
10. be dfertfrom不同
11. oncea month一月一次
12. twice a week一周两次
13.make a dfference to对什么有影响
14. most of the students=most student
15. shop=qo shopping=do some
17. bebadfor对什么有害some shopping
购物16.begoodfor对什么有益18. come home from school放学回家
19.of course = certainly= sure当然
20. get g0 grades取得好成绩
21. keepbe in good hea
22. take a vacation去度假于成项
[词语辨析]
一、maybe/may be
1. The baby is crying,_____she is hungry.
2. The woman _____ _____a teacher.
maybe是副词,意为“大概,可能, 或许”,一般用于句首。 May be是情态动词,意为可能是.,也许是..,.大概是..
3.a few/few/a little /little
①________people can live to 100,but_________people can live to 150.
②There is____time left, I don't catch the first bus.
③Could you give me_______milk?
a few少数的,几个,
a little(点儿少量)表示肯定
few很少的, 几乎没有
little (很少的, 几乎没有)表示否定
hard / hardly
① The ground is too______ to dig .
②I can understand them.
③ hard作形容词,意为困难的,艰苦的,硬的": 作副词,意为“努力地,猛烈地"。
Hardly意为几乎不"。
4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .
as for... 意思是“至于:关于", +名词、代词或动词的-ing形式(即动名词)。
As for him, I never want to see him here.至于他,我永远不希望在这里见到。
As for the story, you'd better not believeit.关于那故事,你最好不要相信。
5.That sounds interesting.
这是"主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound (听起来),loo (看起来),smell(闻起来),taste (尝起来),feel (觉得),seem (好象),grow (变得) ,get
(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作表语。如:
It tastes good.这味道好。
The music sounds very sweet.这音乐听起来很入耳。
The smoke grew heavier and heavier.烟雾变得越来越浓了。
2. Be about (介词)“是关..+名/代/V-ing
4.Here be is+名单:Here is a photo of my family.
“这是..”are +名复:Here are some books.
5.find(found)+that 从句:发现....
Eg:! found that most students go to school by bike.
6.percent 名词, 百分之....
百分数用基数+ perent (不用复数形式), percent 做主语时,谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定
e.g. 50% fifty percent百分之五 十
Fifly percent of the apples are bad.
50%的苹果都坏了。
Twenty percent of the meat is in the fridge.
20%的肉都在冰箱
7.not ..…at all" 一点也不”
not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。
The story isn't interesting at all.
那个故事一 点也没有趣。
8. It is+ adj. to do sth.干某事是.....
例如:It is interesting to play computer games.玩电脑很有趣。
9.the best way to do _sth. 做某事的最好方式
e.g. The best way to learmn English is through more practice
10. take, spend, pay
It takes sb.sometime to do sth.“花费某人多少时间来做某事"。
人(sb.) spend时间钱on sth.“买某物花了...钱”。
(in) doing“花 费多少时间来做某事”。
pay 的主语必须是人,而“花钱买某物”为pay .. for
11.however副词,意为“然而,可是”,表示转折关系,可放在句首、句中、句末
Unit3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.
[语法解析]形容词比较级
1.形容词的原形就是原级,
2.比较级,表示........最高级,表示最...
2.比较句型:A+be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B“A比B .... (注意: A与B必须是同级的,即必须是人与人,物与物进行对比)副词比较级常用的句型结构:
.“A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B”表示“A比B...
2.比较A,B两人两事物问其中哪- - 个较..时用句型;
“Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比较级,Aor B ?”
Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?
△特殊用法
1.“比较级+and+比较级”,意为“越来越”。多音节比较级用more and more+原级
2.“the+比较级(..).. the+比较级(..)"意思是:”越..越.."The more, the better.
3.主isthe 形比+of the two+名复“ 主语是两者中..”
4.两者在某一方面相同: A+谓语动词+as+ adj/adv.原级+ as+ B.
Helen is as tall as Amy.
Peter studies as hard as Tom.
表示两者在某一方面不及另 -方时,用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as"
Eg. I am not as tall as my sister.
形容词,副词比较级前的修饰语。
当需要表示一方超过另 一方的程度时,可以用much, a lot, a lttle, a bit,等来修饰形容词比较级。注意:比较级不能用very, so, too, quite等修饰。
二、知识点
1.have fun=Have a good time玩得开心
have fun doing sth :做某事很开心
2. do the same things as me.
(翻译)______________________
the same ..as... 与……相同
3. A good fried is good at sports. (翻译) be good at.……擅长……… ,其后可接名词、代词或动名词。同义词组: do well in
He_______English.(他擅长英语)
I'm______basketall.(我擅长打篮球)
4. care about关心
care for关爱
take care (当/小心)
take care of (照顾)=look after
5.makes me laugh.
make sb. do sth.意为:让某人做某事
His father always makes him get up before five o' clock.(他父亲总是让他五点前起床)
让(使)某人做某事(make 后跟不带to的不定式)
make sb. +形容词:使某人保持某种状态:
e.g. My friends always make me happy
6.be like"就像.."→
I am like your sister.
Look like“外貌 上的像”→
l look like my sister.
7.That's why+句子:那就...的原因/那就是为什么...
8.It's+形+ (for sb.) to do sth. “做某事 (对某人来说)是... ”
9. make frends with sb.与某人交朋友
10. as long as只要: 既然,引导条件状语从句
11. be different from与....不同;
反: be the same as与.... 相国
12.though① adv:不过: 可是:然而(句末补充说明使语气减弱)
②conj.虽然;尽管: -although 与but不能同时用在一个句子中
eg :He said he would come, he didn't, though.他说他要来, 可是并没有来。
Though/Although he has been dead for many years, many people still remember him.尽管他已经去世很多年了,但很多人仍然记得他
13.get better grades取得更好的成绩
14.does(助动词do/did), 为了避免重复,可代替上文出现过的实意动词。
I work harder than Tom___ (is/do/does/did).
15.be good with sb.与某人相处得好
Unit4 What's the best movie theater?
[语法解析]
1)形容词最高级:用于三 者或三者以上的人或事物相比较。
2)标志词:表比较范围时用in/of
形容词最高级前须加定冠词the.副词最高级前可省略the。
表示“三者(或三者以上)中...的"的句型
1.A+ be+ the形容词最较级+表示范围(in/of 介词短语)
2.A+实意动词+ (the)副词最高级+表示范围的of/in介词短语
常用句式:
1) Who/ Which...+最高级.., B or C?
2) one of +the +形容词最高级+名词复数形式,意为“最..…之一”。
3)序数词后跟形容词最高级
二、知识点.
1、in town 在镇上
2、welcome to+地名:欢迎 来到......
3、How do you like +名/代/ving
“你认为..…怎么样?”
=What do you think of
4、Thanks for
=Thank you for +名/代V-ing:为……感谢..
5.不客气:
No problem= You' re welcome =Not at all.
6.talent n.天赋
talent show才艺表演
talented adj.有天赋的
be talented in在……方面有天赋
7. be good at擅长..(= do well in)反义短语: be poor/ weak in在... 方面弱;
be good for .....益”, 后跟人或事物,
其反义短语是be bad for.
be good to ....好(和善; 慈爱)", 相当于
be friendly to,后面通常接人
8. have ... in common有相同特征; (想法、兴趣等方面)相同
9. all kinds of各种类型的;各种各样的
different kinds of不同种类的
a kind of一种...
*kind of+ 形容词:有点儿……
kind of boring / fat /thin
10. It's up to sb. to do sth.
做某事是某人的职责
11. make up编造(故事、谎言等)
Don't make up a story.
12. take ... seriously认真对待....
Don't take it so seriously.
别把这件 事看得这么严重。
13. play a role in doing sth.
“在... 中发挥作用/扮演角色”
14. win动--won:赢得+奖 品
winner名:赢者
15. give→gave(过)
give sb. sth= give sth. tosb.给某人某物
He gave me some money.
= He gave some money to me.
16.watch sb. do sth.观看某人做了某事.
watch sb.doing sth.观看某人正在做某事
17.举例: like: 可和such as互换.
such as:常列举几个例子,不能穷尽,可和and so on(等等)连用
for example:一般只列举一个,作插入语用逗号隔开,可置于句首/向中向末;
e.g.l like fruits,apples. for example,apples, bananas and pears.
Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?
[语法解析]
1.询问某人对某物的观点及看法:
What do you think of ..
=How do you like...
2.描述喜好
I love/ like/ don't mind/dislike/can't stand. .
〈复习巩固一般现在时态:主语+V+其他;主语 (三单) +V(三单)+(其他)知识点〉
want+n想.....
want to do sth想 要做某事
want sb to do sth想让某人干某.....
2.mind: 介意;其后+名词/代词/V-ing
4.stand
1)“站, 站立”e.g. Stand up!起 立
2)“忍受”(多用于否定句、疑问句),后可+名/代或V-ing
5.planvt. & vi计划,打算
plan to do sth.
plan还可作名词,如: make plans制定计划
6.动词discuss (讨论) + ion→discussion
had a discussion about sth.
7. happenv.发生;出现
sth+ happens to sb."或“Sth happened +时间/地点"句式
8.情态动词: may:语气弱于can,意为“可能”
might 表推测,语气最弱,意为“可能”
may/might not表示否定推测时语气最弱,意为“可能不”
They may not be very exciting.她们可能不是那么令人兴奋
9.expect to do sth.期盼做某事
hope to do sth.希望干某事
很多动词后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语,如:
want, like, hope, wish, learn, start, begin, prefer, try, ask
10.be famous as +职业名“作为.....而出名”,
be famous for sth.表示“以某种知识技能,作品或特征而出名”,
11.one of .….
后跟可数名词复数,表示..之一。其后的谓语动词用 单数。
e.g. One of my favorite movies is Mr. Bean.我最喜欢的电影之-是憨豆先生。
12.always ready to do sh,“总是准备好做某事
13.try one's best“尽力;竭尽全力”的意思
14.show名词: “节目”:
TV shows/ talent shows
动:“展示”show sth. to sb.= show sb. sth.
15.take one's place代替;替换
16. do a good job干得好
Unit6 I'm going to study computer science.
[语法解析]
1.将来时用于表示未来将做的事,常用
"be + going to+动词原形”来表达,表示计划或根据某些现象或征兆预测不久即将发生的情。含有“打算"之意。常与tomorrow, next Sunday, next month, thed ay after tomorrow等表示将来的时间状语连用。
1).结构“ 主语+ beisam/are) going to + do sth"
2).否定式:主语+ be not+ going to do sth.
二、知识点
1. want to be/become + (职业)名词: “想要成为...
l want to be (be) a scientist when I grow up.
2.write stories写故事
tell stories讲故事
3. keep on doing sth继续做某事(表动作的反复)
keeping doing sth.保持做某事(表动作或状态的持续)
4:be sure about +名/代V-ing"肯定"
-- Are you sure about that?
make sure (a)…..确保
Make sure that both doors are closed when you go out
5. leanr sth.
We must learn English every day.
6.discuss v. 讨论;商量
名词是dscussion
discuss with sb.与某人讨论:
Discuss this question with your partner.
Let's discuss this problem.让我们讨论一 下这 个问题。
All we need now is action, not dscussion.我们现在需要的是行动, 不是讨论。
7. be able to do sth能够做某事
区分(1) can: can+动词原形,无人称和数的变化。只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时,不能用于将来时
be ableto +动原, 有人称和数的变化。 (be:isam/are) 可用于多种时态
(2) can常指客观上能够: be able to更侧重于“克服一定困难” 、“经过努力” 、“有能力”做成某事。
He will be able to(能够) speak English next year. (在此不能填can)
8. promise n. 承诺:诺言
v.许诺:承诺:答应
make a promise(to sb.)(对某人)许下诺言
keep a promise遵守诺言
break a promise违背诺言
promise sb to do sth. 许诺某人干某事
+that从句
He promised to help me.他许诺过要帮助我。
I promised that I study hard from now on.我承诺从现在起努力学习。
9.have to do with 关于;有关系
The book has to do with computers.
那本书与计算机有关。
10.take up sth. (尤指为消遣)学着做;开始做
l am going to take up coking nex year.明年我将要学煮饭。
11.Sometimes the resolutions may be too dfficult to keep.
too+形容词/副词 to+动原,表示太…...而不能...”如: .
The kid is too young to play (play) this game.这个小孩太小,不能玩这个游戏。
12. one's own+名“某人自己的东西” ,强调某物为个人所有
My own book我自己的书本