㈠ 初中英语语法重点知识汇总
语法是初中英语学习的重要基础的阶段,想要学好语法,就要学会整理语法知识点。下面为大家总结了初中英语语法重点知识,供大家参考。
宾语从句知识点
引导宾语从句的词有:
连词that(在口语中that常可省略),if,whether,如:
He knows that Jim will work hard.
连接代词who,whom,which等,如:
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
连接副词when,where,how,why等,如:Could you tell me how we can get to the station?
3.whether和if都有“是否”的意思,一般情况下两者可以换用,但在介词之后,
不定式之前,与or not连用,在句首或在引导表语从句,同位语从句时,只能用whether,如:I want to know if/whether the news is true.He doesn't know whether to stay or not?
4.宾语从句要用陈述句语序.
5.宾语从句一定要注意时态呼应,即:当主句谓语动词是过去式时,从句中谓语动
词也要用过去范畴的时态,但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律,其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时,如:
He asked who could answer the question.
名词知识点
名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:
1)个体名词(Indivial Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。
2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。
3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。
4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
零冠词的用法
1. 人名、地名、国名等专有名词前通常不用冠词:
例:(1) Mary; Tom; Jim; Miss Li; Mr. Zhang; Lei Feng
(2) Beijing; Shanghai; London; Paris
(3) England; China; Germany; South Africa
2. 称呼语前或表示官衔,职位、身份的名词前不加冠词;
例:(1) The guards took the American to General Lee.
(2) Lincoln, president of the United States, was murdered in 1864.
(3) In 1860, Lincoln became President of the United States.
3. 当名词前有this/that等指示代词、my/your等物主代词和some/any等词时,不用任何冠词;
例:(1) This is my computer.(2) That book is their teacher’s.
4. 年份、月份、星期、日期、季节、节日等名词前不用冠词:
例:in 1988 in August on Thursdayin springon August 8th
We go to school from Monday to Friday.
Children’s Day falls on the 1st June.
目标句型结构
1.I was so tired that I went to sleep early. I was so scared that I couldn’t move.
so+形容词+that+句子:如此...以至于...
2.see/ watch/ hear/feel sb do sth. 看到/听到/感到某人做了某事
see/ watch/ hear/feel sb doing sth. 看到/听到/感到某人正在做某事
3.It’s +形容词+not to do sth. 不做某事是...的
4.感叹句句型:
How+形容词/副词+主语(名词)+谓语
What a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语(人称代词)+谓语
What +形容词+名词复数/不可数名词+主语(人称代词)+谓语
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鐗规畩 鐤戦梾鍙ユ槸鍒濅腑鑻辫镄勫熀纭鐭ヨ瘑镣癸纴澶у氭暟钖屽﹂兘娌℃湁浠涔堥梾棰桡纴浣嗗傛灉璇村埌绯荤粺瀹屾暣镄勭壒娈婄枒闂鍙ュ彞鍨嬶纴鐩镐俊寰埚氩悓瀛﹂兘涓嶈兘璇村叏锛屾墍浠ワ纴鎴戞暣鐞嗕简鍒濅腑涓夊勾镓链夌壒娈婄枒闂鍙ュ彞鍨嬶纴甯浣犲舰鎴愬畬鏁寸殑鐭ヨ瘑浣撶郴锛
钬
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I 璇㈤梾濮揿悕銆佸勾榫勶细name锛孒ow old
1. ----What钬檚 your name? ----浣犲彨浠涔埚悕瀛?
----My name is Jane. ----鎴戝彨绠銆
2. ----What钬檚 his name? ----浠栫殑钖嶅瓧鏄浠涔?
----His name is Mike. ----浠栫殑钖嶅瓧鏄楹﹀厠銆
3. ----What钬檚 her name? ----濂圭殑钖嶅瓧鏄浠涔?
----Her name is Chen Jie.----濂圭殑钖嶅瓧鏄闄埚曘
4. ----How old are you? ----浣犲嚑宀佷简?
----I钬檓 12. ----鎴戝崄浜屽瞾銆
5. ----How old is he/she? ----浠/濂瑰嚑宀佷简?
----He/She is 23. ----浠/濂23宀併
II 璇㈤梾棰滆壊锛歝olour
1. ----What colour is it? ----瀹冩槸浠涔堥滆壊镄?
----It钬檚 yellow and white. ----榛勭槠鐩搁棿銆
2. ----What colour are they? ----瀹冧滑鏄浠涔堥滆壊镄?
----They钬檙e green. ----缁胯壊镄勚
III 璇㈤梾镞堕棿鎴栨棩链燂细When
1. ----What time is it now? ----鐜板湪鍑犵偣阍?
----It钬檚 nine o钬檆lock. It钬檚 time for English class. ----涔濈偣銆傝ヤ笂鑻辫璇句简銆
(----It钬檚 eight o钬檆lock. It钬檚 time to go to bed.) (----鍏镣广傝ヤ笂搴婄浔瑙変简銆)
2. ----What day is it today? ----浠婂ぉ鏄熸湡鍑?
----It钬檚 Monday. ----鏄熸湡涓銆
----What do we have on Mondays? ----鎴戜滑鏄熸湡涓涓婂摢浜涜?
----We have Chinese, English and math 钬 ----璇鏂囥佽嫳璇銆佹暟瀛︹︹
3. ----When is your birthday? ----浣犵殑鐢熸棩鏄浠涔堟椂鍊?
----It钬檚 October 1st, our National Day. ----鍗佹湀涓镞.锲藉简鑺伞
4. ----When do you do morning exercises? ----浣犱滑浠涔堟椂鍊椤仛镞╅敾镣?
----I usually do morning exercises at 8:30. ----鎴戜滑阃氩父8锛30锅氭棭阌荤偧銆
IV 璇㈤梾鏂逛綅鎴栧湴鏂癸细Where
1. ----Where is my toy car? ----鎴戠殑鐜╁叿姹借溅鍦ㄥ摢鍎?
----It钬檚 here, under the chair. ----鍦ㄨ繖鍎.鍦ㄦ呭瓙涓嬮溃銆
2. ----Where is the canteen? ----椁愬巺鍦ㄥ摢鍎?
----It钬檚 on the first floor. ----鍦ㄤ竴妤笺
3. ----Where are the keys? ----阍ュ宠鍦ㄥ摢鍎?
----They钬檙e in the door. ----鍦ㄩ棬涓娿
4. ----Excuse me. Where is the library, please? ----瀵逛笉璧枫傝烽梾锲句功棣嗗湪鍝鍎?
----It钬檚 near the post office. ----鍦ㄩ偖灞闄勮繎銆
5. ----Where are you from? ----浣犱粠鍝鍎挎潵?
----I钬檓 from China. ----鎴戜粠涓锲芥潵銆
6. ----Where does the rain come from? ----闆ㄦ槸浠庡摢鍎挎潵镄?
----It comes from the clouds. ----瀹冩槸浠庝簯灞傞噷𨱒ョ殑銆
V 璇㈤梾鏁伴噺鎴栦环阍憋细How many锛孒ow much
1. ----How many kites can you see? ----浣犲彲浠ョ湅瑙佸嚑鍙椋庣瓭?
----I can see 12. ----鎴戝彲浠ョ湅瑙佸崄浜屽彧椋庣瓭銆
2. ----How many crayons do you have? ----浣犳湁澶氩皯鏀褰╃玛?
----I have 16. ----鎴戞湁鍗佸叚鏀銆
3. ----How many people are there in your family? ----浣犲舵湁鍑犲彛浜?
----Three. ----涓変汉銆
4. ----How much is this dress? ----杩欐浔杩炶。瑁椤氩皯阍?
----It钬檚 ninety-nine yuan. ----涔濆崄涔濆厓銆
5. ----How much are these apples? ----杩欎簺鑻规灉澶氩皯阍?
----They钬檙e thirty-five yuan. ----涓夊崄浜斿厓銆
VI钬淗ow钬濋梾鍙ワ细How tall锛孒ow heavy锛孒ow long锛孒ow often锛埚氢箙涓娆★级锛孒ow soon锛埚氢箙涔嫔悗锛
1. ----How tall are you? ----浣犳湁澶氶珮?
----I钬檓 160 cm tall. I钬檓 taller than you. ----鎴戞湁160鍏鍒嗐傛垜姣斾綘楂樸
2. ----How heavy are you? ----浣犳湁澶氶吨?
----I钬檓 48 kg. You钬檙e heavier than me. ----鎴戞湁48鍏鏂ゃ备綘姣旀垜閲嶃
3. ----How do you go to school? ----浣犳庝箞涓婂?
---- Usually I go to school on foot. Sometimes I go by bike.----鎴戦氩父姝ヨ屼笂瀛︺傛湁镞跺欓獞镊琛岃溅銆
4. ----How can I get to Zhongshan Park? ----鎴戞庝箞鍒颁腑灞卞叕锲铡?
----You can go by the No. 15 bus. ----浣犲彲浠ヤ箻鍧15璺鍏姹姐
(----Go straight for five minutes. Then turn left. It钬檚 on the left.----鐩磋蛋浜斿垎阍熴傜劧钖庡乏杞銆傚叕锲灏卞湪宸﹁竟銆)
5. How long 链夊氶暱?
鈪 璇㈤梾韬浣撶姸鍐垫垨𨱍呯华锛歠eel锛宫atter
1. ----How do you feel? ----浣犳劅瑙夊备綍?
----I feel sick. ----鎴戣夊缑涓嶈垝链嶃
----How does Chen Jie feel? ----闄堟磥镒熻夊备綍?
----She钬檚 tired. ----濂瑰緢鐤插︺
2. ----What钬檚 the matter? ----镐庝箞浜?
----My throat is sore. / I have a sore throat. ----鎴戠殑锽夊挋鐤笺
3. ----How are you, Sarah? You look so happy. ----浣犲ソ钖.銮庢媺?浣犵湅璧锋潵杩欎箞浼ゅ绩銆
----I failed the math test. ----鎴戠殑鏁板﹁冭瘯娌℃湁阃氲繃銆
鈪 璇㈤梾𨱍冲悆镄勪笢瑗匡细would like
1. ----What would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner ? ----浣犳棭椁/涓椁/鏅氶愭兂钖幂偣浠涔?
----I钬檇 like some bread and milk / rice and soup. ---鎴戞兂钖冮溃鍖呭拰鐗涘ザ/绫抽キ鍜屾堡銆
2. ----What钬檚 for breakfast / lunch / dinner? ----镞╅/涓椁/鏅氶愬悆浠涔?
----Hamburgers and orange juice. ----姹夊牎鍖呭拰姗欐眮銆
鈪 璇㈤梾澶╂皵鐘跺喌锛归eather
----What钬檚 the weather like in Beijing? ----鍖椾含镄勫ぉ姘斿备綍?
----It钬檚 rainy today. How about New York? ----浠婂ぉ鏄闆ㄥぉ銆傜航绾﹀憿?
----It钬檚 sunny and hot. ----浠婂ぉ鏄鏅村ぉ.澶╂皵寰堢儹銆
鈪 璇㈤梾镵屼笟銆佽韩浠芥垨浜虹墿锛欧ho锛学hat
1. ----What钬檚 your father / mother? ----浣犵殑鐖朵翰 / 姣崭翰鏄锅氢粈涔堢殑?
----He钬檚 a doctor. / She钬檚 a teacher. ----浠栨槸涓钖嶅尰鐢熴/ 濂规槸涓钖嶆暀甯堛
2. ----What does you mother / father do? ----浣犵殑姣崭翰 / 鐖朵翰鏄锅氢粈涔堢殑?
----She钬檚 a TV reporter. / He钬檚 a teacher. He teaches English.
----濂规槸涓钖岖数瑙嗗彴璁拌呫/浠栨槸涓钖嶆暀甯堛备粬鏁栾嫳璇銆
3. ----Who钬檚 that man / woman? ---闾d綅鐢峰+ / 濂冲+鏄璋?
----He钬檚 my father. / She钬檚 my mother. ----浠栨槸鎴戠埗浜层 / 濂规槸鎴戞瘝浜层
4, ----Who钬檚 this boy / girl? ----闾d釜鐢峰╁効 / 濂冲╁効鏄璋?
----He钬檚 my brother. / She钬檚 my sister. ----浠栨槸鎴戝厔寮熴 / 濂规槸鎴戝愬广
5. ----Who钬檚 your art teacher? ----浣犱滑镄勭编链钥佸笀鏄璋?
----Miss Wang. ----鐜嬭佸笀銆
----What钬檚 she like? ----濂归暱浠涔堟牱鍎?
----She钬檚 young and thin. ----濂瑰緢骞磋交銆佽嫍𨱒°
鈪 璇㈤梾鍏磋叮銆佸枩濂斤细favourite
1. ----What钬檚 your favourite food / drink? ----浣犳渶锽沧㈢殑椋熺墿 / 楗鏂欐槸浠涔?
----Fish / orange juice. ----楸笺 / 姗欐眮銆
2. ----What钬檚 your favourite season? ----浣犳渶锽沧㈢殑瀛h妭鏄浠涔?
----Winter. ----鍐澶┿
3. ----Which season do you like best? ----浣犳渶锽沧㈠摢涓瀛h妭?
----Winter.----鍐澶┿
----Why do you like winter? ----浣犱负浠涔埚枩娆㈠啲澶?
----Because I can make a snowman. ----锲犱负鍙浠ュ爢闆浜恒
4. ----What钬檚 your hobby? ----浣犵殑鐖卞ソ鏄浠涔?
----I like collecting stamps. ----鎴戝枩娆㈤泦闾銆
----What钬檚 his hobby? ----浠栫殑鐖卞ソ鏄浠涔?
----He likes riding a bike. ----浠栧枩娆㈤獞镊琛岃溅銆
5. ----Do you like peaches? ----浣犲枩娆㈠悆妗冨瓙钖?
----Yes, I do. / No, I don钬檛. ----锽沧銆/ 涓嶅枩娆銆
鈪 璇㈤梾骞虫椂涓鑸锅氱殑浜嬫儏锛欧hat
----What do you do on Saturdays / on the weekends? ----浣犳槦链熷叚 / 锻ㄦ汤涓鑸锅氢粈涔?
----I usually do my homework. Sometimes I play football.----鎴戦氩父锅氢綔涓.链夋椂鍊栾涪瓒崇悆銆
鈪拌㈤梾姝e湪锅氱殑浜嬫儏锛欧hat + -ing
1. ----What are you doing? ----浣犲湪锅氢粈涔?
----I钬檓 doing the dishes. ----鎴戝湪娲楃洏瀛愩
2. ----What钬檚 your father doing? ----浣犵埗浜叉e湪锅氢粈涔?
----He钬檚 writing an e-mail. ----浠栨e湪鍐欑数瀛愰偖浠躲
3. ----What钬檚 the tiger doing? ----闾e彧钥佽柠鍦ㄥ共浠涔?
----It钬檚 running. ----瀹冨湪濂旇窇銆
4. ----What are the elephants doing? ----闾d簺澶ц薄鍦ㄥ共浠涔?
----They钬檙e drinking. ----瀹冧滑姝e湪锽濇按銆
鈪 璇㈤梾灏呜佸仛镄勪簨𨱍咃细
1. ----What are you going to do? ----浣犲嗳澶囧仛浠涔?
----I钬檓 going to the cinema. ----鎴戝嗳澶囧幓鐪嬬数褰便
----When are you going to do? ----浣犲嗳澶囦粈涔堟椂鍊椤幓?
----This afternoon. ----浠婂ぉ涓嫔崃銆
2. ----where are you going this afternoon? ----浠婂ぉ涓嫔崃浣犲嗳澶囧埌鍝鍎垮幓?
----I钬檓 going to the bookstore. ----鎴戝嗳澶囧埌涔﹀簵铡汇
----What are you going to buy? ----浣犳墦绠椾拱镣瑰効浠涔?
----I钬檓 going to buy a comic book. ----鎴戝嗳澶囦拱链婕鐢讳功銆
鈪 璇㈤梾镟剧粡锅氱殑浜嬫儏锛
1. ----Where did you go last weekend / yesterday / on your holiday?----浣犱笂锻ㄦ汤/鏄ㄥぉ/锅囨湡鍒板摢鍎垮幓浜?
----I went to Wuhan. ----鎴戝幓浜嗘︽眽銆
2. ----How did you go there? ----浣犳庝箞铡荤殑?
----I went by train. ----鎴戝潗𨱔杞﹀幓镄勚
3. ----What did you do there? ----浣犲湪闾e効锅氢简浜涗粈涔?
----I went shopping. ----鎴戝幓璐鐗╀简銆
㈢ 2019年初中英语最基础入门的语法大全
英语语法是初中英语学习的重点内容,而词性是初中语法中最基础的知识,但很多同学在学习的过程中,都忽视了这哪谨方面的学习,从而导致后面的语法知识越学越难。我为大家整理了2019年初中英语最基础入门的语法,欢迎阅读。
简单句的五种基本英语语法句型
1、第一种 主语+连系动词+表语 ( S+V+P)
The bike is new.
The map is on the wall.
2、第二种 主语+不及物动词 ( S+V)
He swims.
第三种 主语+及物动词+宾语 ( S+V+O)
Children often sing this song.
4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ( S+V+IO+DO)
She showed her friends all her pictures.
5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 ( S+V+O+C)
We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
并列句
He likes maths, but he needs help.
I help him and he helps me.
英语句型结构基本概念:
英语句型结构语法与汉语相似,英语句李轿基子是由主语(subject),谓语动词(verb),宾语(object),表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(objectcomplement)等成分组成,按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。
初中英语语法过去完成时
1. 概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2. 时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.
3. 基本结构:had + done.
否定形式帆信:had + not + done.
一般疑问句:had放于句首。
4. 用法
1) 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句种。
例如:She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
2) 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
例如:When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。
3) 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,
suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。
例如:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。
注意: had hardly… when... 刚......就......。
例如:I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。
例如:He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。
㈣ 初中英语语法知识点归纳总结
初中英语语法是学习英语最基础的语法了,下面我为大家总结了初中英语语法知识点归纳,仅供大家参考。
一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
以上就是我为大家总结的 初中英语 语法知识点归纳,仅供参考,希望对大家有所帮助。
㈤ 初中英语基本知识点总结
初中英语在新课程标准实行之前一直作为 英语学习 的开始。 即使在小学开始开设英语课,而学生正式接触系统的英语学习却是在初中阶段。下面我给大家分享一些初中英语基本知识点,希望能够帮助大家!
目录
初中英语基本知识总结
初中英语基本知识点
初中英语基本知识点总结
初中英语基本知识 总结形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
(1)单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est。
① 单音节单词:small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
② 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词:clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
(2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词,比较级在原形后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st。
large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。
big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。
easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
(5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
(6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。
good→better→best well→better→best
bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
形容词和副词比较级的用法
(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。
Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。
This room is three times bigger than that>这个房间比那个大三倍。
(2)“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。
I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。
He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。
句子 成分
1.主语:句子所陈述的对象。
2.谓语:主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。
3. 宾语:分为动词宾语和介词宾语,属于动作的承受者。
4. 系动词:表示状态或状态变化的动词,没有实际的动作意义。如 be, 感官系动词(look, sound, smell, taste 和 feel)、保持类系动词(keep, stay 和 remain)、状态变化类系动词(become、get、turn 和 go)等。
5. 表语:紧跟系动词后面的成分。
6. 定语:修饰名词或代词的成分。
7. 状语:修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。
8. 补语:分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明,与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。
例如:You should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(You是主语, should keep是谓语,the room是宾语,clean and tidy是宾语补足语。)
This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。(This kind of food是主语, tastes是系动词, delicious是表语。)
★ 注意:主语、谓语、宾语、系动词、表语、补语是一个句子的主干成分;定语和状语是一个句子的修饰性成分,不是主干成分。
简单句的五种基本句型
1.“主语 + 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)
例:They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析:“they”(主语)“arrived”(谓语)。
2.“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)
例:I study English.分析:“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
3.“主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)
例:Our teacher taught us English.分析:“our teacher”(主语)“教”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
4.“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)
例:He asked her to go there.分析:“he”(主语)“asked”(谓语动作)“her”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to go there”(补语—补充说明宾语做什么)。
5.“主语 + 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)
常用的系动词有be, keep,lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste, 等。
例:I am a teacher.分析:“I”(主语)“am”(系动词)“a teacher”(表语—即表明主语的身份)。
宾语从句
1. 宾语从句的含义
在主句中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
如:She knew that the teacher had seen the film.她知道这位老师看过这部电影。
“that the teacher had seen the film”做 knew 的宾语,同时又是由连接词 that 引导的从句,所以它叫做宾语从句。
2. 宾语从句的分类
(1)动词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。
如:He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
(2)介词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。
如:I agree with what you said just now. 我同意你刚才说的话。
(3)形容词宾语从句:顾名思义,它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。
如:I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要迟到了。
3. 引导名词性从句的连接词
(1)that:没有含义,在宾语从句中不做成分
(2)whether/if:表示是否,在宾语从句中不做成分。
I don t know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后,他是否还住在这里。
(3)连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语)
连接副词:where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语)
The small children don t know what is in their stockings.(what 在宾语从句中做主语)这些小孩子不知道什么在他们的长筒袜里。
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?(why 在宾语从句中做原因状语)你能告诉我为什么你今天早上开会迟到吗?
4. 在做宾语从句的题目时应注意两点
(1)时态:
①当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。
I don t know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
②当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
③当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子做宾语从句时,任何时候都用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。
(2)语序:任何从句都使用陈述句语序,宾语从句当然也不例外。
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英语是一门很重要的学科,掌握好基础知识对英语学习有很大帮助。下面是整理的初中英语基本知识点,仅供大家参考。
语态
英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态
1.主动语态表示是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
如:Cats eat fish.(主动语态)猫吃鱼。
Fish is eaten by cats.(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。
2.被动语态的构成
由“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”构成
助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。
如:English is spoken in in many countries.
英语被很多国家使用。
This bridge was built in 1989.
这座桥是1989年建造的。
3.被动语态的用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者,或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。
冠词和名词
1.a/an用于单数可数名词前,a用于以辅音音素开头的词前,an用于以元音音素开头的词前。
2.the既可用于可数名词前,又可用于不可 数名词前,表示特指。
解读2:数词a/an+量词+of+名词"结构中,若数词超过"1”,量词应用复数形式。该结构作主语时,谓语动词与量词的形式保持一致。
关系副词where的用法
关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点,where在定语从句作地点状语。例如:
During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up.
春节期间,我回到了生我养我的家乡。(where的先行词是town)
This is the place where Li Bai once lived.
这是李白曾经生活过的地方。(where先行词是place)
关系代词who,whom和whose的用法
1.who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。例如:
An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。
2.whom代替人,是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略。例如:
Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗
The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。(在非正式英语中,主格who代替了宾格whom,亦可省略)
Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字,你知道吗 (关系代词whose指代先行词hotel,正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which,意思是:the window of the hotel。)
关系副词when的用法
关系副词when代替的先行词表示的是时间,when在定语从句作时间状语。例如:
In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often.
北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。(when先行词是months)
Do you remember the day when we first went to the Summer Palace
你还记得我们第一次去颐和园的那一天吗 (when先行词是day, 当代英语里when可以用that替代,这时关系代词that就变成了表示时间的关系副词)
I haven’t seen her since the year when I left Tokyo.
自从我离开东京的那一年我就一直没见到过她。(when先行词是year,同样when可以用that代替)
㈦ 初中英语基本知识点整理
初中的英语知识相对来说比较基础,同学们只要掌握了学习的方法,英语并没有想象中的难。下面是我整理的内容,供大家参考。
初中英语基本知识点汇总
一、词类
名词:表示人、食物或抽象概念的名称
动词:表示动作或状态(及物动词和不及物动词)
形容词:修饰名词、代词。―……的
副词:修饰动词、形容词。―……地
二、基本句型
基本句型一:主语+谓语(不及物动词)
基本句型二:主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
基本句型三:主语+系动词+表语
基本句型四:主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语
基本句型五:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
基本句型六:There be句型
三、名词所有格
(1)有生命的在词尾加―‘s‖;无生命的用―of+名词‖
(2)双重所有格构成
a/an/this/that+名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格
注意:of前的名词一定要有a/an/this/that等限定词
of前的名词不能是专有名词
of后的名词必须是特定的指认的名词
如:these books of my friend‘s
a friend of my father‘s
a friend of mine
四、一般过去时
用法:表示过去技经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态
构成:主语+be动词(was、were)+表语
主语+动词过去式
时间状语:yesterday、at that time、last(week、month、year)
五、一般将来时
用法:表示将要发生的事情或存在的事情
构成:主语+will/shall(第一人称)+动词原形
表示未经事先思考的意图,表明说话者的观点、主观意识
主语+be going to+动词原形
表示已经决定或安排要做的事,客观迹象表明必然或可能发生的事,表示自然现象
主语+be to+动词原形
表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务必须去做或即将发生的动作
主语+be about to+动词原形(常与when连用)
表示主观要做的事,常与when连用
初中英语必备基础句型
1. want to do sth 想做某事
2. want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事
3. be different from 与......不同
4. be the same as 与……相同
5. be friendly to sb 对某人友好
6. welcome to sp 欢迎来到某地
7. What’s the matter with sb/sth? 某人/某物出什么毛病了?
8. what to do 做什么
9. let sb do sth 让某人做某事
10. let sb not do sth 让某人不做某事
11. why don’t you do sth? 你怎么不做某事呢?
12. why not do sth? 怎么不做某事呢?
13. make sb sth 为某人制造某物
14. make sth for sb 为某人制造某物
15. What do you mean by doing sth?你做……是什么意思?