A. 英语专八人文知识
同学你好，专八人文知识可能会涉及到英美国家概况，英美文学，历史，地理等问题，你可以买一本参考书回来做做，不过不用担心，涉及的东西随眠面广，但是并不十分有深度的。如果不知道买哪本书的话，我建议同学去看看外教社四八级在线，是专四专八的官方论坛，比较权威，我倒也是最近看到的，里面有人文的版块，经常有人文习题更新，也有资料下载，我觉得你就跟着他们做题好了，会进步不少的。希望你考试顺利
B. 英语专八人文知识考什么
一共是10道选择题，4题英美概况，3道文学，3道语言学
考英美文学的，有3题，主要是着名的作家和作品的配对，或作家的国藉等，偶尔会考一些文学术语，如头韵、十四行诗等。12年最新考一题修饰手法的题。
也会国家概况的，有4题，包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰，主要还是英美为主，主要涉及地理常识，政治体制、教育、历史等方面
语言学方面主要是一些基本的概念和一些例证分析，不会太难
希望对你能有所帮助。
C. 鑻辫涓揿叓浜烘枃鐭ヨ瘑锛欰merican Ecation
銆銆1)Characteristics of American ecation: 銆銆鈶爁ormal ecation in the US consistes of elementary, secondary and higher ecation.鈶Elementary and secondary ecation,which forms public ecation, is free and compulsory鈶public and private schools:Public schools are created, financially supported and governed by states or communities, and private ones by religious groups, or nonreligious private organizations or indivials.鈶the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution said ecation was included among the responsibilities which were "reserved to the states or the people", This makes it clear that ecation is a function of the state, not the federal government.鈶diversity and sameness in ecational policy and practice.
銆銆1.姝ｅ纺鏁栾偛鍖呮嫭鍒濈瓑銆佷腑绛夈侀珮绛夋暀镶2.鏋勬垚鍏鍏辨暀镶茬殑鍒濄佷腑绛夋暀镶叉槸鍏嶈垂鍜屼箟锷＄殑;3.鍏绔嫔拰绉佺珛瀛︽牎锛氩叕绔嫔︽牎鐢卞窞鎴栫ぞ鍖哄垱寤恒佽祫锷╁拰绠＄悊锛岀佺珛鐢卞畻鏁椤洟浣撱佹垨闱炲畻鏁欐ц川镄勪釜浜烘垨缁勭粐𨱒ュ垱寤;4.銆婂娉旷鍗佷慨姝ｆ堛嬫妸鏁栾偛鍖呮嫭鍦‘鍙灞炰簬宸炲拰浜烘皯’镄勮亴璐ｄ腑锛岃繖娓呮榈琛ㄦ槑鏁栾偛鏄宸炵殑镵岃兘锛屽苟闱炶仈闾︽敛搴灭殑;5.鏁栾偛鏀跨瓥鍜屾暀瀛﹀疄璺电殑澶氭牱镐у拰绫诲悓镐
銆銆2)Elementary and secondary ecationin the US
銆銆Elementary schools: In some states the elementary school covers grades 1-8, but in some other states it covers grades 1-5 or 6. so it takes 5,6or 8 years to finish the elementary school in the United Stetes. The elementary school curriculum mainly consists of mastery of the "basics"(锘虹璇) 锛 such as reading, writing, and arithmetic or mathematics.
銆銆涓浜涘窞灏忓﹀寘𨰾1-8骞寸骇锛屼絾鍙︿竴浜涙槸1-5鎴6骞寸骇銆傛墍浠ュ湪缇庡浗灏忓﹁佽姳5锛6鎴8骞村畬鎴愩傚皬瀛︾殑璇剧▼閲嶈佸寘𨰾‘锘烘湰鐭ヨ瘑’镄勬帉鎻★纴姣斿傞槄璇伙纴鍐欎綔锛屽拰绠楁湳鎴栨暟瀛︺
銆銆Secondary Schools: Secondary schools are also called high schools in the United Stetes, covering grades 9-12,the junior high school 6or 7-9,and the high school 10-12. High schools are made up of comprehensive, academic, vocational and technical schools with somewhat different tasks. There are 21000 public secondary schools and a number of private secondary schools in the US.
銆銆涓瀛﹀寘𨰾9-12骞寸骇鎴栧埯涓6鎴7鍒9锛岄珮涓10-12銆备腑瀛﹀寘𨰾涓嶅悓鏁椤︿换锷＄殑缁煎悎镐у︽牎锛屾櫘阃氭枃鍖栬惧︽牎鍜岃亴涓氩拰鎶链瀛︽牎銆傚叡链21000镓鍏绔嬩腑瀛﹀拰涓浜涚佺珛涓瀛︺
銆銆3)Different types of colleges and universities:
銆銆鈶爎esearch universities鈶doctoral universities 鈶master's comprehensive colleges and universities.鈶Liberal arts colleges 鈶junior colleges 鈶specialized institutions.
銆銆瀛﹂櫌鍜屽ぇ瀛︾殑鍖哄埆锛1.镰旂┒镐уぇ瀛;2.鍗氩＋瀛︿綅澶у;3.纭曞＋瀛︿綅缁煎悎澶у﹀拰瀛﹂櫌;4.鏂囩戝﹂櫌;5.涓ゅ勾涓撶戝﹂櫌;6.涓撶戝﹂櫌
銆銆Famous universities:Harvard,Yale,Princeton,Columbia and MIT(Massachusetts Institute of Technology),Stanford,Berkeley.
銆銆鍝堜经锛岃堕瞾锛屾櫘鏋楁柉椤匡纴鍝ヤ鸡姣斾筜锛岄夯鐪佺悊宸ュ﹂櫌锛屾柉鍧︾忥纴浼鍏嫔埄銆
銆銆4)the admission system in US univerisities: The general standards for admission include successl completion of high school(楂树腑姣曚笟), high school grade point average(GPA)( 楂树腑骞寸邯骞冲潎绉鍒嗙偣鎴愮哗) and class rank (鍦ㄧ彮绾у悕娆),results from standardized tests such as the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SIA)(瀛︾敓鎶鑳芥祴璇) and American College Testing Program's(缇庡浗澶у﹁冭瘯璁″垝) examination. But some universities practise open admission(鏁炲紑𨰾涚敓): they admit all high school graates and all residents of the state(宸炲唴镓链夊眳姘) 銆
銆銆澶у︾殑鍏ュ︿綋绯伙细鍏ュ︾殑鏅阆嶆爣鍑嗗寘𨰾涓瀛︾殑椤哄埄姣曚笟锛孏PA锛岀彮绾у悕娆★纴镙囧嗳鍖栨祴楠岀殑鎴愮哗灏卞儚SAT鍜孉CTP銆备絾鏄涓浜涘ぇ瀛︿篃瀹炶屽紑鏀惧纺鍏ュ︼细浠栦滑鍏佽告墍链変腑瀛︽瘯涓氱敓鎴栨墍链夋湰宸炵殑镓链夊眳姘戙
銆銆The role of the community college:鈶炉hey prepare students for transferring to a BA program at a four-year institution. 鈶they provide vocational training;鈶they give remedial instruction(琛ヤ範璇) to students. 鈶they offer recreational, cultural activities for alts. 鈶they absorb students in a four-year program who are not qualified into a lower-status vocational program.
銆銆绀句细瀛﹂櫌镄勪綔鐢锛1.涓哄︾敓鏀昏4骞村埗闄㈡牎瀛﹀＋瀛︿綅锅氩嗳澶;2.鎻愪緵镵屼笟锘硅;3.琛ヤ範鎸囧;4.涓烘垚浜烘彁渚涙枃鍖栧ū涔愭椿锷;5.灏嗕笉阃傚簲4骞村埗瀛︿範镄勫︾敓钖告敹鍒拌缉浣庝竴绾х殑镵屼笟锘硅涓銆
銆銆5) Alt ecation
銆銆some colleges and universities offer "continuing ecation" program of associate degrees, graate studies or professional development.under such system,a worker may continue his study even on a part-time basis.涓浜涘﹂櫌鍜屽ぇ瀛︽彁渚涚户缁鏁栾偛,鎺堜篑鍑嗗﹀＋瀛︿綅锛岀爷绌剁敓璇剧▼鎴栦笓涓氩煿璁銆傚湪杩欐牱镄勪綋鍒朵笅锛屽伐浜哄彲浠ュ湪涓氢綑镞堕棿缁х画鍏跺︿笟銆
銆銆6)Ecation reform in the 1980s and early 1990s.鏁栾偛鏀归潻
銆銆鈶"a Nation At Risk" report in 1983 put forward five proposals(P.328) to improve American ecation;the ecation reforms had two focuses: the raising of the standards of teaching and learning; the restructuring of the schools.1983骞达纴涓绡囧悕涓恒埚勪簬鍗辨満涓镄勫浗瀹躲夌殑鎶ラ亾锛屾彁鍑轰简5𨱒″缓璁鏀瑰杽缇庡浗镄勬暀镶;鏁栾偛鏀归潻链変袱涓閲岖偣锛氭彁楂樻暀瀛︽按骞筹纴璋冩暣瀛︽牎缁撴瀯銆
銆銆鈶in 1991,President Bush issued his plan "America 2000: An Ecation Strategy". It set six goals(P.330) and put forward a series of proposals to help carry out some of the goals.
銆銆1991骞达纴甯冧粈镐荤粺鍏甯冧简浠栫殑銆2000骞寸殑缇庡浗锛氢竴椤规暀镶茬瓥鐣ャ夎″垝銆傜‘瀹氢简6涓鐩镙囧拰链夋晥杈惧埌杩欎竴鐩镙囩殑涓绯诲垪寤鸿銆
D. 专八人文知识之英国文学
专八人文知识之英国文学
引导语：下面是应届毕业生培训网整理而成的，关于专八考试人文知识的文章，谢谢您的阅读
一、 古英语时期的英国文学(499-1066)
1、 贝奥武夫 Beowulf (公元八世纪)：是迄今为止发现的英国盎格鲁—撒克逊时期最古老、最长的一部较完整的文学作品，也是欧洲最早的方言史诗。
2、 阿尔弗雷德大帝 Alfred the Great ：英国散文之父Father of English Prose
二、 中古英语时期的英国文学
1、暗讽体allegory非常盛行：这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.
2、Romance 开始上升到一定的高度
3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士Sir Gawain and the Green Knight：反映了骑士制度chivalry的理想，是中世纪封建贵族文化的精髓。
4、威廉·兰格伦 Willian Langlaud ： 着有《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》Piers Plowman
5、 乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer：坎特伯雷故事集(英雄双韵体) The Canterbury Tales 。在英国文学史上，他是第一个使用十音节“双韵体”的诗人，这个诗体后来在他首创下，演化成了“英雄双韵体”，“英雄双韵体”为以后的英国诗人所广泛采用。他也因此被誉为“英国诗歌之父”Father of English poetry。
6、 托马斯.马洛礼 Sir Thomas Malory 《亚瑟王之死》The Death of King Arthur
三、 文艺复兴时期的英国文学(伊丽莎白时代)(14-16世纪)
1、托马斯.莫尔 Sir Thomas More ：《乌托邦》Utopia
2、Thomas Wyatt 托马斯·怀特和 Henry Howard亨利·霍华德把十四行诗sonnet引入英国
3、菲利普·锡德尼 Philips Sidney： 着有《诗辩》The defense of Poesie，这是伊丽莎白时代文学批评的最佳之作;《阿卡迪亚》Arcadia 描述田园生活，为现代长篇小说的先驱
4、斯宾塞 Edmund Spenser ：《仙后》The Faerie Queene。《仙后》是一部寓言性作品，表达人文主义道德理想，歌颂冒险精神和征服的快乐、对现实生活的热爱。《仙后》中创造的诗体被称为“斯宾塞诗节”Spenserian stanzas。
5、莎士比亚 William Shakespeare：
长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》Venus and Adonis、《鲁克丽丝受辱记》The Rape of Lucrece
四大悲剧 Four Great Tragedies：哈姆雷特 Hamlet 、李尔王 King Lear、奥赛罗 Othello、麦克白 Macbeth
7、 本.琼森 Ben Jonson ： 《人性互异》 Every Man in His Humor，为风俗喜剧comedyof manners
8、 约翰.多恩 John Donne： “玄学派”metaphysical poetry诗歌创始人
9、乔治·赫伯特 George Herbert ：玄学派诗圣，着有《召唤》The Call
10、弗朗西斯·培根 Francis Bacon：现代科学modern science和唯物主义哲学prevailing philosophy创始人之一，着有《论说文集》 Essays，为英国发展史上的里程碑;另有《学术的推进》 The advancement of learning 和《新工具》The New Instrument
四、 启蒙时期(18世纪)
1、 约翰·弥尔顿 John Milton：《失乐园》Paradise Lost、《为英国人民争辩》
2、 约翰·班扬 John Bunyan：《天路历程》Religiousallegory
3、 约翰·德莱顿 John Dryden：英国新古典主义British Neoclassicism的杰出代表、桂冠诗人;着有《论戏剧诗》Essay of Dramatick Poesie
4、 亚历山大.蒲柏 Alexander Pope：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表;英雄双韵体(前方“乔叟”有提及)的使用达到登峰造极的使用;《田园诗集》Pastorals是其最早田园诗歌代表作
5、 托马斯·格雷 Thomas Gray：感伤主义 sentimentalism 中墓园诗派Graveyard School的代表人物 《墓园挽歌》Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard
6、 威廉·布莱克 William Blake：《天真与经验之歌》 Songs of Innocence and Experience
7、 罗伯特·彭斯 Robert Burns：苏格兰最杰出的诗人，着有《一朵红红的玫瑰》A Red, Red Rose，《友谊地久天长》Auld Lang Syne
8、理乍得·斯蒂尔 Richard Steel和约瑟夫·艾迪生 Joseph Addison合作创办《闲谈者》The tatler和《旁观者》The Spectator
9、丹尼尔·笛福Daniel Defoe： 英国现实主义小说British realistic novel 的奠基人之一;着有《鲁滨逊漂流记》The life and strange surprising adventures;《铲除非国教徒的捷径》The Shortest-Way with the Dissenters
10、乔纳森·斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift ：着有《格列佛游记》Gulliver's Travels;《一个温和的建议》A Modest Proposal;Gulliver's Travels;《桶的故事》ATale of A Tub;
11、塞缪尔·理查森 Samuel Richardson ：英国现代小说English modern novel 的创始人,着有《帕梅拉》 Pamela: Or, Virtue Rewarded ;《克拉丽莎》Clarissa orthe History of a Young Lady;查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史The History of Sir Charles Grandison
12、亨利·菲尔丁HenryFielding ：英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人the founder of the English realistic novel;着有《汤姆.琼斯》The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling，代表英国现实主义小说的最高成就;《约瑟夫·安德鲁传》The History of the Advertures of Joseph Andrews, And of his friend Mr. Abraham Adams。 菲尔丁和丹尼尔·笛福、塞缪尔·理查逊并称为英国现代小说的三大奠基人。
13、劳伦斯·斯特恩 Laurence Sterne：感伤主义小说sentimentalism的杰出代表，着有《项狄传》The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman，为第一部开创了意识流小说stream of consciousness的先驱之作品;《感伤的旅行》 A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy