1. 人教版英语必修四知识点归纳详解，比如todo,doing的用法区别（好的追加分）
to,作为介词，在英语里最原始的意义是指从一处到另一处，因此在现代英语中引申出来就是指将要做what what，所以to do是一种表“将要”的不定式结构，而doing可以看成是动名词，ing-分词（也是一中不定式），表习惯性，经常性的动作或是正在做what what 所以和这两种不定式搭配的短语意思，只要根据前面动词的意思就可以明白了^_^
一般情况下，to do 是一般将来式,是打算去做什么 ；doing 是现在进行式,是现在正在做什么，也有例外，具体情况具体分析。
下面是有关该问题的习题讲解，希望有所帮助。
to do和doing 意义各不同
1 stop doing/to do
stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。
stop doing 停止做某事。
They stop to smoke a cigarette. 他们停下来，抽了根烟。
I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟了。
2 forget doing/to do
forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)
forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做)
The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)
3 remember doing/to do
remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
4 regret doing/to do
regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。 (未做)
regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。 (已做)
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.
我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.
我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。
5 cease doing/to do
cease to do 长时间，甚至永远停做某事。
cease doing 短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。
That department has ceased to exist forever.
那个部门已不复存在。
The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.
姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。
6 try doing/to do
try to do 努力，企图做某事。
try doing 试验，试着做某事。
You must try to be more careful.
你可要多加小心。
I tried gardening but didn't succeed.
我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。
7 go on doing/to do
go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。
go on doing 继续做原来做的事。
After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.
做完数学后，他接着去做物理。
Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one.
作完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习
8 be afraid doing/to do
be afraid to do 不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为"怕"；
be afraid of doing 担心出现doing的状况、结果。 doing 是客观上造成的，意为"生怕，恐怕"。
She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.
她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。
She was afraid to wake her husband.
她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid of waking her husband.
她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
9 be interested doing/to do
interested to do 对做某事感兴趣，想了解某事。
interested in doing 对某种想法感兴趣，doing 通常为想法。
I shall be interested to know what happens.
我很想知道发生了什么事。 (想了解)
I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Do you have any idea about that?
我对在瑞士工作感兴趣。你想过这事吗? (一种想法)
10 mean to doing/to do
mean to do 打算、想
mean doing 意味着
I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.
我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.
赠加工资意味着增加购买力。
11 begin(start) doing/to do
begin / start to do sth
begin / start doing sth.
1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing.
How old were you when you first started playing the piano?
你几岁时开始弹钢琴？
2) begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do
I was beginning to get angry。
我开始生起气来。
3) 在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。
I begin to understand the truth。
我开始明白真相。
4) 物作主语时
It began to melt.
12 感官动词 + doing/to do
感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）
昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
练习题：
（ ）1.She reached the top of the hill and stopped ___ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
（ ）2. ---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh，I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
（ ）3.---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret ___ that.
A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done
（ ）4.They knew her very well. They had seen her ___ up from childhood.
A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow
（ ）5.The missing boy was last seen ___ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
（ ）6._______ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.
A To sleep B Sleeping C Sleep D Having sleep
（ ）7.Does she like _______ stamps？
A.collect B.to collecting C.collecting D.collectting
（ ）8.Would you like _______some water?
A.drinke B.to drink C.drank D.drinking
( ) 9.Are you interested in ______?
A.drawing B.draw C.to draw D.drew
( ) 10.Lucy does well in ______ English.
A.learn B.to learn C.learnning D.learning
你可以通过做题来训练，总之，动词不定式表即将做，即还没有做
2. 人教PEP版六年级下册知识点归纳
小学英语教材应符合儿童的认知特点，有利于培养他们的学习兴趣与语感;要有利于学生了解英语国家的文化、习俗，培养他们对异国文化的正确态度。我在这里整理了英语相关知识，快乐看看吧!
人教PEP版六年级下册知识点归纳
Unit 1 How tall are you?
数帆【重点词汇】
tall------ taller 高的----更高的
short ------ shorter 矮的/短的----更矮的/更短的
long----- longer 长的----更长的
strong------ stronger 强壮的----更强壮携唯的
old ------ older 老的/旧的----更老的/更旧的
young------ younger 年轻的----更年轻的
small------ small 小的----更小的
heavy------heavier 重点----更重的
thin ------ thinner 瘦的----更瘦的
low------ lower 低地----更低地
smart------smarter 聪明的 ----更聪明的
big-----bigger 大的-----更大的
happy-----happier 开心的-----更开心的
thin-----thinner 瘦的-----更瘦的
heavy-----heavier 重的------更重的
fat-----fatter 胖的------更胖的
funny-----funnier 滑稽的------更滑稽的
dinosaur 恐龙 hall 大厅 than 比 both 两个都 meter 米 kilogram千克;公斤 size 号码
feet 脚 wear 穿 countryside乡村 shadow 影子;阴影 become变成;开始变得
【重点句型】
⑴ 问年龄：How old are you? ----- I’m _______ (years old).
问身高：How tall are you? ---- I’m ______meters tall.
问题中：How heavy are you? ---- I’m ______ kilograms .
⑵ 问物品的情况：
① How large is your room? 你的房间有多辩毕培大?
It’s __________ m2 (square meters.) 有_______ 平方米。
② How long is your bed? 你的床有多长?
It’s _________cm long. 有______厘米长。
③ How big are your feet? (= What size are your shoes?) 你的脚有多长?
I wear size ______.(= My shoes are size________.) 我穿_______码的鞋。
⑶ 形容谁比谁更… …
① 主语 + be am/ is/ are/ ( even/much ) …er than …
如：I am taller than you. 我比你高。
I am 4 cm taller than your brother. 我比你弟弟高4cm .
I am taller and stronger than your brother. 我比你的弟弟更高更壮。
Jack is even stronger than his father. 甚至比他爸爸还壮。
Zhang Peng and John are much younger than Mr.Green. 张鹏和John 比Mr. Green 要年轻多了。
其它句型：
1. That’s the tallest dinosaur in this hall. 那是这个厅里最高的恐龙。
2. It’s taller than both of us together. 它比我俩加起来还高。
3. Your feet are bigger than mine. 你的脚比我的大。
4. There are more dinosaurs over there. 那儿有更多的恐龙。
5. Who is taller than you? 谁比你高?
Unit 2 Last weekend
【重点词汇】
clean---cleaned my room 打扫我的房间 wash ---washed my clothes 洗我的衣服
stay---stayed at home 待在家里 watch---watched TV 看电视 read---read a book 看书
drink---drank tea喝茶 have---had a cold感冒 see---saw a film看电影 sleep---slept 睡觉
last Monday上个星期一 last weekend 上个周末 last night昨晚 yesterday evening昨晚
yesterday昨天 the day before yesterday前天
【其它词汇】
cook--cooked the food visit--visited my grandparents play--played football
study--studied English do ---did something else go---went boating make---made the beds
show演出 magazine 杂志 better更好的(good，well的比较级) faster(更快的) hotel(旅馆) fixed(修理) broken(破损的) lamp (台灯) loud(喧闹的，大声的) enjoy(享受…乐趣，喜爱) stay(暂住，逗留)
【重点句型】
1. ---How was your weekend? ---It was good, thank you. 你周末过得怎么样?很好，谢谢。
2. ---What did you do? 你(周末)干什么?
--I stayed at home with your grandma. We drank tea in the afternoon and watched TV.
我和你奶奶待在家里。我们喝了下午茶，还看了电视。
3. ---Did you do anything else? 你还做了其他什么事吗?
---Yes, I cleaned my room and washed my clothes. 是的，我打扫了房间，还洗了衣服。
4. I want to buy the new film magazine. 我想买期新的电影杂志。
5. --- What did you do last weekend? Did you see a film? 你上周末干什么?你看电影了吗?
--- No, I had a cold. I stayed at home all weekend and slept. 没有，我感冒了。整个周末都待在家里睡觉。
Unit 3 Where did you go?
【重点词汇】
go fishing--- went fishing 去钓鱼
go camping --- went camping 去野营
go swimming--- went swimming 去游泳
ride a bike--- rode a bike 骑自行车
ride a horse--- rode a horse 骑马
hurt my foot--- hurt my foot 我的脚受伤
take pictures--- took pictures 照相
buy gifts--- bought gifts 买礼物
eat fresh food--- ate fresh food 吃新鲜的食物
fall off---fell off 从…摔倒
licked (lick的过去式)舔
could (can的过去式)能及其过去式
laughed(laugh的过去式)笑
【重点语法】
▶ 一般疑问句，把did提前
— Did you help your parents clean the room ? ( 当句子变为一般疑问句，动词应还原)
— Yes , I did ./No, I didn’t .
▶ 特殊疑问句 : 疑问词+did+主语+V原形+其它?
1. —Where did you go on your holiday? 假期你去了哪里?
—I went to Xinjiang. 我去了新疆.
2. —What did you do on your holiday?你假期干了什么?
—I sang and danced. 我即唱了歌又跳了舞.
3. —How did you go there? 你怎样去的?
—I went by train. 我坐火车去的.
4.—When did you go? 你什么时候去的? —I went last Monday. 我上周一去的.
【重点句型】
1. --- What happened ? --I fell off my bike and hurt my foot. 怎么了?我从自行车上摔下来了，并且弄伤了我的脚。
2. ---Are you all right? ---I’m OK now. 你还好吧? 现在没事了。
3. Where did you go over the winter holiday? 在寒假期间你去了哪儿?
4. It looks like a mule. 它看起来像头骡子。
5. ---Did you go to Turpan? ---Yes, we did. 你们去过吐鲁番了吗? 是的，去了。
6. ---Hainan is far from here. How did you go there? 海南离这儿很远。你们怎么去的?
---We went there by plane. 我们坐飞机去那儿的。
7. Sounds great! Can I see your pictures sometime? 听上去不错!改天我能看看你的照片吗?
8. Come and look at my photos from the Labour Day holiday. 来看我劳动节假期的照片。
9. ---Who did you go with? ---My parents and my uncle. 你和谁一起去的? 我父母和我叔叔。
10. I saw lots of grapes and ate lots of mutton kebabs. 我看见了许多葡萄，吃了许多烤羊肉串。
11.---How was the beach? ---It was beautiful. 沙滩怎么样? 它很美。
12.Max sat in a basket on the front of the bike. 马克斯坐在自行车前面的(车)筐里。
13.We took pictures of the beautiful countryside. 我们拍了美丽乡村的照片。
Unit 4 Then and now
【重点词汇】
dining hall 饭厅 grass 草坪 gym 体育馆 ago 从前 cycling 骑自行车运动 go cycling 去骑自行车
ice-skate 滑冰 badminton 羽毛球运动
【短语】
....year ago (几)年前 ...months ago (几)个月前 last year 去年 last month上个月
play badminton玩羽毛球
【重点句型】
1.There was no library in my old school.
2.Tell us about your school , please.
3.How do you know that?
4.There was no computer or Internet in my time .
5.Before , I was quiet. Now I am very active in class.
6.I was short , so I couldn’t ride my bike well.
7. Now I go cycling everyday.
小学英语的新课标
当今世界，以信息技术为主要标志的科技进步日新月异。社会生活的信息化和经济活动的全球化使外语，特别是英语日益成为我国对外开放和与国际交往的重要工具。学习和掌握一门外语是对21世纪公民的基本要求。
近年来，小学开设英语的地区日益增加，规模迅速扩大。教学实验项目的开展为积极推进小学开设英语课程提供了经验和基础。为全面推进素质教育，适应21世纪我国国民综合素质提高的需要，教育部决定从2001年秋季起，积极推进小学开设英语课程。为指导全国小学英语教学，特制订小学英语课程基本要求(试行)，作为小学英语课程实施、教学评价、教材审查和选用的主要依据。
一、课程目的
根据小学生的生理和心理特点以及发展需求，小学阶段英语课程的目的是激发学生学习英语的兴趣，培养他们英语学习的积极态度，使他们建立初步的学习英语的自信心;培养学生一定的语感和良好的语音、语调基础;使他们形成初步用英语进行简单日常交流的能力，为进一步学习打下基础。
二、起始年级与课时安排
小学英语课程开设的起始年级为三年级。为保证教学质量和教学效果，小学开设英语课程应遵循长短课时结合、高频率的原则;保证每周不少于三次教学活动。三、四年级以短课时为主;五、六级长短课时结合，长课时不低于两课时。
三、教学目标与要求
目前对小学英语教学共提出两个级别的要求:一级为小学三、四年级的教学目标要求，二级为小学五、六年级的教学要求。有条件的地区可以超过二级的要求，有困难的地区经省级教育行政部门批准后可以适当降低要求。
小学英语教学的目标要求
级 别 一 级
目标类别 听、做
目标描述
●能根据听到的词语识别或指认图片或实物
●能听懂课堂指令并做出相应的反应
●能根据指令做事情，比如指图片、涂颜色、画图、做动作、做手工等
●能在图片和动作的提示下听懂小故事并做出反应。
目标类别 说、唱
目标描述
●能听录音并进行模仿
●能相互问候
●能交流简单的个人信息，如姓名、年龄等
●能表达简单的情感和感觉，如喜欢和不喜欢
●能够根据表演猜意思、说词语
●能唱简单的英语歌曲15-20首，说歌谣15-20首
●能根据图、文说出单词或短句
目标类别 玩、演
目标描述
●能用英语做游戏并在游戏中用英语进行交际
●能做角色表演
●能表演英文歌曲及简单的童话剧、小红帽等。
目标类别 读、写
目标描述
●能看图识字
●能在指认物体的前提下认读所学词语
●能在图片的帮助下读懂小故事
●能正确书写单词和句子
目标类别 视听
目标描述
●能看懂语言简单的英文动画片或程度相当的教学节目。视听时间每学年不少于10小时(平均每周20-25分钟)
级 别 二 级
目标类别 听
目标描述
●能在图片、手势的帮助下，听懂语速较慢但语调自然的话语或录音材料
●能听懂简单的配图小故事
●能听懂课堂活动中简单的提问
●能听懂常用指令和要求并作出适当的反应。
目标类别 说
目标描述
●能在口头表达中做到发音清楚、重音正确、语调达意
●能就所熟悉的个人和家庭情况进行简短对话
●能恰当运用一些最常用的日常套语，如问候、告别、致谢、致歉等
●能在教师的帮助下讲述小故事。
目标类别 读
目标描述
●能认读所学词语
●能根据拼读规律读出简单的单词
●能读懂教材中简短的要求或指令
●能读懂问候卡等中的简单信息
●能借助图片读懂简单的故事或小短文，养成按意群阅读的习惯
●能正确朗读所学故事或短文
目标类别 写
目标描述
●能根据要求为图片、实物等写出简短的标题或描述
●能模仿范例写句子
●能写出简单的问候语
●写句子时能正确使用大小写字母和标点符号
目标类别 玩、演 视听
目标描述
●能按要求用英语做游戏
●能在教师的帮助下表演小故事或单话剧
●能表演歌谣或简单的诗歌30-40首(含一级要求)
●能演唱英文歌曲30-40首
●能看懂英文动画片和程度相当的英语教学节目，每学年不少于10小时，平均每周不少于20-25分钟
注:
1)小学英语的话题范围包括数字、颜色、时间、天气、食品、服装、玩具、动植物、身体、个人情况、家庭、学校、朋友、文体活动、节日等。
2)小学阶段学生接触的词汇以话题范围为主，总量控制在600-700单词。本教学要求对词汇不作具体规定
四、教学模式与方法
根据小学生学习的特点，小学英语教学要创建以活动课为主的教学模式。教学重点是培养学生用语言进行交流的能力。小学英语教学不讲解语法概念。要充分利用教学资源，采用听、做、说、唱、玩、演的方式，鼓励学生积极参与，大胆表达，侧重提高小学生对语言的感受和初步用英语进行听、说、唱、演的能力。
小学五、六年级的英语教学，在进一步加强学生听说能力的同时，发展初步的读写能力，为进一步学习打好基础。
五、教材与资源
小学英语教材应符合儿童的认知特点，有利于培养他们的学习兴趣与语感;要有利于学生了解英语国家的文化、习俗，培养他们对异国文化的正确态度。教材还应有利于培养学生用英语进行交流和做事情的能力，提高他们的思维能力和认识世界的能力。小学英语教学应尽量采用多种媒体的现代化教学手段，充分利用录音机、VCD机、广播、电视、网络等设备和技术，创设良好语言环境和充分的语言实践机会。
六、教学评价
小学英语教学评价的主要目的是激励学生的学习兴趣和积极性。评价形式应具有多样性和可选择性。评价应以形成性评价为主，以学生平时参与各种英语教学活动所表现的兴趣、态度和交流能力为主要依据。 三、四年级的期末或学年评价基本不采用书面测试方式，应采用与平时教学活动相近的方式进行，通过对学生的观察和与学生交流等方式评价学生。五、六年级的期末或学年考试可采用口笔试结合的方式。口试要考查学生实际运用所学语言的能力，考查要贴近学生生活。笔试主要考查听和读的技能。
3. 自考本科英语二语法 50个高频知识点汇总
自考本科英语二非常重要的考试科目，学习英语最重要的是背单词，背语法。下位小编为大家整理了50个自考英语二的高频知识点，考生可以参考。
自考英语二语法知识点整理一、动词短语搭配
1. be fond of “喜爱，爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式
[1] He's fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
[2] Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗？
[3] He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。
2. hunt for = look for 寻找帆搭 hunt for a job 找工作
3. in order to/so as to两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语， in order to可放于句首， so as to则不能， 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to.
[1] He went to Beijing in order to/so as to attend an important meeting.
[2] In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.
为了让我们注意他， 他朝我们又是叫喊又梁轿掘是挥手。
4. care about
[1] 喜欢，对……有兴趣 = care forShe doesn't care about money.她不喜欢钱。
[2] 关心 = care forShe thinks only of herself. She doesn't care about other people. 她只考虑自己。不关心别人。
[3] 在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分）These young people care nothing about what old people might say. 这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。
5. such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。
She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry. 她教三门科目，像物理、化学。
6. drop a line 留下便条， 写封短信
7. make yourself at home 别客气；随便；无拘束
If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home. 如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。
8. stay up 不睡；熬夜
[1] I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.我将回家很晚，不要等我了。
[2] He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。
9. come about 引起；发生；产生
[1] How did the accident come about?这场事故是怎么发生的？
[2] They didn't know how the change had come about.他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。
10. except for 除……之外
[1] except 与 except for 的用法常有区别。
except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：
①He answered all the questions except the last one.除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。
②We go there everyday except Sunday.除了星期天，我们天天去那里。
[2] except for 用于引述细节橡核以修正句子的主要意思。如：
①Except for oneold lady, the bus was empty.除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。
②Your picture isgood except for the colours.你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。
[3] 但在现代英语中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是：He answered all the questions except for the last one.
[4] 另外，在介词短语之前只能用except，不能用except for。We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.除了夏季，我们通常十点之前上床睡觉。
11. end up with 以……告终；以……结束The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。
12. more or less 几乎；差不多；大约；大概；大体上
[1] I've more or less succeeded, but they haven't.我差不多成功了，而他们没有。
[2] Our living condition has more or less improved.我们的生活水平或多或少提高了。
13. bring in 引进；引来；吸收
[1] We should bring in new technology.我们应该引进新技术。
[2] He brings in 800 dollars a month.他一个月挣八百美元。
14. get away（from） 逃离
[1] The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了。
[2] I caught a really big fish but it got away.我钓到了一条好大的鱼，可是它逃掉了。
15. watch out （for）注意；留心
[1] Watch out! There is a car coming.小心！汽车来了。
[2] Watch out for the hole in the road.留神路上的那个坑。
16. see sb. off 给某人送行Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.明天我到火车站给朋友送行。
17. on the other hand 另一方面； 用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等，常说 on the one hand …… on the other hand 一方面……另一方面。
I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来说，我也不必工作太长时间。
18. as well as 和/还 ， He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.她不但是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。
19. take place 发生 take one's place 入座、站好位置、取得地位take sb's place 或 take the place of 代替、取代
20. on fire 相当于burning, 意为“燃烧；着火；起火”，有静态的含意。catch fire有动态的含意。
set…on fire/set fire to…用来表示“使……着火”、“放火烧……”。
Look, the theatre is on fire! Let's go and help.瞧，剧院着火了，咱们去帮忙救火吧。
21. on holiday 在度假，在休假中 When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle. 我在度假的时候去看望了叔叔。
22. travel agency旅行社=travel bureau
23. take off
[1] 脱下（衣服等）， 解（除）掉 He took off his wet shoes.他脱下了湿鞋子。
[2] （飞机）起飞 The plane took off on time. It was a smooth take-off.飞机准时起飞。起飞非常顺利。
[3] 匆匆离开 The six men got into the car and took off for the park.这六个人上了车，匆匆离开去公园。
24. go wrong v. 走错路， 误入岐途， （机器等）发生故障
25. in all adv. 总共
26. stay away v.外出
27. look up 查询（如宾语为代词，则代词放中间） Look up the word in the dictionary. 在字典里查单词。
相关词组：①look for 寻找；②look after照顾，照料；③look forward to期待；④look into调查；⑤look on旁观；⑥look out注意；⑦look out for注意，留心，提防；⑧look over翻阅，查看，检查；⑨look around环视；⑩look through翻阅，查看。
28. run after 追逐，追求 If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.同时追两只兔子，你一只也抓不到。
29. on the air 广播
[1] We will be on the air in five minutes.我们五分钟以后开始广播。
[2] This programme comes on the air at the same time every day.这个节目每天在同一时间播出。
30. think highly/well/much of对……评价很高， 赞赏， 对……印象好；think badly/nothing/little/lowly of……认为不好， 对……不在意， 不赞成， 觉得……不怎么样
[1] He was highly thought of by the manager.经理对他非常赞赏。
[2] I think well of your suggestion.我觉得你的建议很好。
[3] I don't think much of him as a teacher.我觉得他作为一个老师不怎么样。
31. leave out
[1] 漏掉 You made a mistake—You've left out a letter “t”。你出错了—你漏掉了一个字母t.
[2] 删掉， 没用 I haven't changed or left out athing.我没有作出变动也没有删掉任何东西。
32. stare at （由于好奇、激动等张着嘴巴，睁大眼睛地）
[1] 凝视，盯着看 Don't stare at foreigners. It's impolite.不要盯着外国人看，这样不礼貌。
[2] glare at （to stare angrily at）怒视着
33. make jokes about 就……说笑 They make jokes about my old hat.他们就我的旧帽子说笑我。
[1] have a joke with … about…跟某人开关于某事的玩笑He stopped to have a joke with me.他停下来跟我开玩笑。
[2] play a joke on…开某人的玩笑 We played jokes on each other. 我们互相开玩笑。
[3] v. joke about 取笑They joked about my broken English.他们取笑我蹩脚的英。
34. take over 接管；接替；继承
[1] What is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。
[2] Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over （his job）。我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接管（他的工作）。
35. break down
[1] 破坏；拆散 ①Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances. 人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。 ②The peace talks are said to have broken down. （喻）据说和谈破裂了。
[2]（机器）损坏 ①Our truck broke down outside town. 我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。 ②The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。
[3] 失败；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。
[4] 精神崩溃；失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失声痛哭。
[5] 起化学变化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化学物质引起食物转化。
36. get on one's feet
[1] 站起来；站起来发言
[2] （=stand on one's feet）自立， 经济上独立
[3] （人）病好了， 可以起床了； （使）恢复， 复苏（指企业）
37. go through
[1] 经历；经受；遭到 These countries have gone / been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战火。
[2] 完成；做完I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大学。
[3] 通过；批准 ①The law has gone through Parliament. 议会已经通过了这项法案。
②Their plans went through. 他们的计划得到了批准。
[4] 全面检查；搜查 They went through our luggage at the customs.在海关他们检查了我们的行李。
38.take over 接管；接替；继承
①what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。
②Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over （his job）。我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接管（他的工作）。
二、常考句型
39. “So + be/have/助动词/情态动词+主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的，“So”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句，则使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。
[1] He's tired, and so am I. （=I' m also tired.）
[2] You can swim，and so can I.（=I can also swim.）She has had supper，and so can I.（=I've had lunch，too.）
[3] Tom speaks English，and so does his sister.（=His sister speaks English，too.）A: I went to the park yesterday.B: So did I.（=I also went to the park yesterday.）
40.“So +主语+be/have/助动词/情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序，so相当于indeed,certainly, 表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实，语气较强，意思是“确实如此”。
A：It was cold yesterday.昨天很冷。B：So it was.的确如此。（=Yes，it was.）A：You seem to like sports.B：So I do.（=Yes，I do.）A：It will be fine tomorrow.B：So it will.（=Yes ，it will.）
41.“主语+do/does/did + so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重复。
My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.（=I handed inmy composition on time.） 语文老师叫我按时交作文， 我照办了。
42. So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 “……（的情况）也是如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时，要表示相同情况，必须使用本句型，不能使用so 引起的倒装句。
She doesn't play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.
43. There you are. 行了，好。 这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。
[1] There you are! Then let's have some coffee.除此之外，还可以表示“瞧，对吧（果然如此）”的语气。
[2] There you are! I knew we should find it at last.对吧！我就知道我们最终能找到的。
44. have some difficulty （in） doing sth. 干某事有困难；接名词时，常用句型：have some difficulty with sth.
[1] Do you have any difficulty （in） understanding English?你理解英语口语有困难吗？
[2] She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.她说她在发音方面有困难。
45. have a good knowledge of sth. “掌握……”，“对……有某种程度的了解”
[1] He has a good knowledge of London.他对伦敦有所了解。
[2] A good knowledge of languages is always useful.
三、长难句
46. Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看着猴子从他手上吃花生，很有趣。
[1] fun “好玩，趣事”，不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词aYou're sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你肯定会玩得很开心。
[2] make fun of“取笑”，“嘲弄”。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a strange jacket.人们嘲笑他只是因为他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。
funny adj. “可笑的，滑稽的”He looks very funny in his father's jacket.他穿着他父亲的衣服，看上去很滑稽。
47. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盘子里所有东西吃完是有礼貌的。
这是一个动词不定式作主语的句型，其中to finish eating everything 是主语，it是形式主语。四、常考语法
48. 直接引语和间接引语
[1] 直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。
（一般过去时改成过去完成时）I broke your CD player.→He told me he had broken my CD player.
（现在完成时改成过去完成时）Jenny said, “I have lost a book.”→Jenny said she had lost a book.
（一般将来时改成过去将来时）Mum said, “I'll go to see a friend.”→Mum said she would go to see a friend.
（过去完成时保留原有的时态）He said, “We hadn't finished our homework.”→He said they hadn't finished their homework.
注意：直接引语是客观真理，过去进行时，时态不变。
[2] 在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：Mary said, “My brother is an engineer.”→Mary said her brother was and engineer.
[3] 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：He said, “Can you run, Mike?”→He asked Mike whether/if he could run.
[4] 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell（ask, order, beg等） （not） to do sth.”句型。如：“Pass me the water, please.”said he.→He asked him to pass her the water.
[5] 直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词或从句”的结构。如：She said, “Let's go to the cinema.”→She suggested going to the cinema.或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.
49. 现在进行时表将来的动作现在进行时表将来的动作，谓语通常为瞬间动词。如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。这些动词的进行时后不能再接具体的时间。
[1] 用现在进行时表示将来，指的是近期的，按计划或安排要发生的动作。
[2] 现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别在于：前者通常用瞬间动词（有时一些常用动词也可以这样用如：do）如：go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持续性动词。① The train is arriving soon. 火车就要进站了。② He is reading a novel. 他在看小说。
[3] 用现在进行时表示将来的时间，在句中或上下文中通常有表示将来时间的状语。
[4] 现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别在于：前者表示的将来的动作往往是可以改变的，而后者则是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情，因此往往是不可改变或不可随便改变的。① What are you doing next Friday?下星期五你们打算干什么？② The plane takes off at 7：30 tonight.飞机今晚七点半起飞。
50. 主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with, together with, like 等，谓语动词仍用单数。The teacher as well as his students is excited.
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4. 关于英语的一个小知识点
join和 take part in
二者都有“参加”的意思，但用法有所不同。
join多指参加某组织，成为其中的一个成员。而take part in指参加活动。
例如：
He joined the League in 1985 . 他在1985年入团。
The old man took part in the Long March . 这位老人参加过长征。
详解：
join指加入某党派、某组织或某社会团体，以及参军等，还可表示参与某种活动。例句：
①I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.我永远也忘不了入党的那一天。
②Will you join us for dinner?请你和我们一起吃饭好吗？
take part in指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起一份作用，有时与join in可互换。例句：
①Will you take part in the English evening?同我们一起参加英语晚会好吗？
②All the students took an active part in the thorough cleaning.所有的学生都积极参加了大扫除。
③We should take an active part in school activities.我们应该积极参加学校的活动。
join in通常指参加某种活动，尤其指和其他人一起参加某项活动。例句：
①May I join in the game?我可以参加这个比赛吗？
②I hope you”ll all join in the discussion.我希望你们大家都参加讨论。
如果说"与某人一起做某事"、"和……在一起"则用join sb. in sth./doing sth.。例句：
①Would you join me in a walk?和我一起去散步好吗？
②Will you join us in a game of cards?你愿意和我们一起玩牌吗？
③I”ll join you in a few minutes.我过几分钟将和你在一起。
5. 高中英语知识点总结
知识是人们前进的最大动力，因为有知识，我们知道我们从哪里来，也知道我们将要到哪里去。下面是由我为大家整理的高中英语知识 总结 ，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
高中英语知识总结1
一般现在时 （do/does; is/am/are）
① 表示现在的情况、状态或特征。
例：He is a student.
他是一个学生。
② 表示经常性、习惯性动作。
例：He always helps others.
他总是帮助别人。
③ 客观事实和普遍真理。
例：The earth moves the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
④ 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。
仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词，可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。
常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
例：The next train leaves at 3 o clock this afternoon.
下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。
⑤ 在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将的来事情。（即：主将从现原则）
例：I will call you as soon as I arrive at the airport.
我一到机场就会给你打电话。
When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.
等你完成这份 报告 的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。
高中英语知识总结2
现在完成时(have/has done)
① 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成，强调对现在产生的影响。
例：I bought a new house, but I haven t sold my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
我买了一所新房子，但是还没有卖掉旧的，所以现在我又两所房子。
② 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。
时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。
例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正
高中英语知识总结3
现在进行时(am/is/are doing)
① 表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。
例：He is listning to the music now.
他现在正在听音乐。
② 表示目前一段时间内一直在做的事情，但不一定此时此刻正在做。
例：I am studying computer this term.
这个学期我一直在学习计算机。
③ 现在进行时可以表示将来的含义。
a. 瞬时动词的进行一定表将来。
例：I am leaving.
我要离开了。
b. 持续动词的进行只有有将来的时间状语或有将来语境中才表将来。
例：I am travelling next month.
下个月我要去旅行。
④ 现在进行时与频度副词连用，表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。
例：He is always helping others.
他总是帮助别人。（褒义）
高中英语知识总结4
过去进行时(was/ were doing)
① 表示在过去具体的时间正在发生的动作。
例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.
10分钟前，玛丽正在听轻音乐。
② 表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。
例：I was travelling in London last summer vacation.
去年暑假我在伦敦旅行。
③ 过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。
a. 瞬时动词的过去进行时一定表示过去将来的含义。
例：Then she said she was leaving.
然后她说她要离开了。
b. 持续动词的过去进行时只有在有过去将来的时间状语或过去将来的语境下才能表示过去将来。
例：She said that she was travelling the next day.
她说她第二天要去旅行。
④ 过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。
高中英语知识总结5
一般将来时
（1）will do
① 表示主语主观意愿的将来。
例：I will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.
我将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。
② 表示客观将来。
例：Fish will die without water.
离开水，鱼会死。
③ 表示临时决定。
例：——Mary has been ill for a week.
——Oh，I didn t know. I will go and see her.
（2）am/is/are going to do
① 表示计划、打算做某事。
例：This is just what I am going to say.
这正是我想说的。
② 表示根据某种迹象看，很可能或即将发生的事情，表推测。
例：Look at the dark clouds in the sky. It s going to rain.
看天上的乌云，要下雨了。
（3）am/is/are about to do
表示“即将、正要”时，可用。强调近期内或马上要做的事。
例：Don t worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.
别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。
（4）be to do
① 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。
例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.
星期一你准会在实验室见到她。
② 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。
例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.
孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。
高中英语知识点总结相关 文章 ：
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★ 高中英语知识点总结大全
★ 高中英语知识归纳笔记
★ 高中英语基础知识点总结
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6. 英语常考的知识点
1.人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语。2.人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语。
(6)现代英语知识点归纳扩展阅读
高中英语的必考知识点是什么
1. be fond of “喜爱，爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。
He’s fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗?
He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。
2. hunt for = look for 寻找
I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的书。
hunt for a job 找工作
3. in order to/so as to：这两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语, in order to可放于句首, so as to则不能, 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to.
He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting.
In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他, 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。
4. care about
1) 喜欢，对……有兴趣 = care for
She doesn’t care about money.她不喜欢钱。
2)关心 = care for
She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people.她只考虑自己。她不关心别人。
3)在乎，在意(接从句或不接任何成分)
These young people care nothing about what old people might say.
这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的`话。
5. such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。
She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三门科目,像物理、化学。
6.drop a line 留下便条, 写封短信
7. make yourself at home 别客气;随便;无拘束
If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。
8. stay up 不睡;熬夜
(1) I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.
我将回家很晚，不要等我了。
(2) He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.
他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。
9. come about 引起;发生;产生
(1)How did the accident come about?
这场事故是怎么发生的?
(2) They didn't know how the change had come about.
他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。
10. except for 除……之外
(1) except 与 except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：
①He answered all the questions except the last one.
除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。
②We go there every day except Sunday.
除了星期天，我们天天去那里。
(2)except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如：
①Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.
除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。
②Your picture is good except for the colours.
你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。
(3)但在现代英语中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是：
He answered all the questions except for the last one.
(4) 另外，在介词短语之前只能用except，不能用except for。
We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.
除了夏季，我们通常十点之前上床睡觉。
11. end up with 以……告终;以……结束
The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。
12. more or less 几乎;差不多;大约;大概;大体上
(1) I've more or less succeeded, but they haven't.
我差不多成功了，而他们没有。
(2) Our living condition has more or less improved.
我们的生活水平或多或少提高了。
13. bring in 引进;引来;吸收
(1) We should bring in new technology.
我们应该引进新技术。
(2) He brings in 800 dollars a month.
他一个月挣八百美元。
14. get away(from) 逃离
(1)The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.
小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了。
(2)I caught a really big fish but it got away.
我钓到了一条好大的鱼，可是它逃掉了。
7. 鑻辫钬︹
鍙崭箟鐤戦梾鍙(The Disjunctive Question) 鍗抽梼锷犵枒闂鍙ャ傚畠琛ㄧず鎻愰梾浜虹殑鐪嬫硶,娌℃湁鎶婃彙,闇瑕佸规柟璇佸疄銆 鍙崭箟鐤戦梾鍙ョ敱涓ら儴鍒嗙粍鎴愶细鍓崭竴閮ㄥ垎鏄涓涓闄堣堪鍙ワ纴钖庝竴閮ㄥ垎鏄涓涓绠鐭镄勭枒闂鍙ワ纴涓ら儴鍒嗙殑浜虹О镞舵佸簲淇濇寔涓镊
浜.闄勫姞鐤戦梾鍙ョ殑绫诲瀷
闄勫姞鐤戦梾鍙ョ殑绫诲瀷涓猴细闄堣堪鍙 + 鍙嶆剰闄勫姞鐤戦梾銆傝ョ被鍨嫔张鍙浠ュ垎涓轰互涓嬩袱绉嶆儏鍐甸槓杩帮细
鈶 褰挞檲杩板彞涓鸿偗瀹氩纺镞讹纴闄勫姞鐤戦梾鍙ョ敤钖﹀畾褰㈠纺锛屽嵆镶瀹氱殑闄堣堪鍙+钖﹀畾镄勯梼锷犵枒闂鍙ャ
渚嫔彞锛
It's very hot today, isn't it ? Yes, it is . 浠婂ぉ澶╂皵寰堢儹锛屾槸涓嶆槸锛 鏄镄勶纴寰堢儹銆
That clock is slow ,isn't it? Yes, it is. 杩欓挓鏄缂撴参镄勶纴涓嶆槸钖楋纻鏄镄勶纴瀹冩槸銆
You want to get your TV set back , don't you ? Yes , I do.
浣犳兂鎭ㄧ殑鐢佃嗘満锲炴潵锛屼笉鏄钖楋纻鏄镄勶纴鎴戞槸杩欐牱𨱍崇殑銆
鈶 褰挞檲杩板彞鐢ㄥ惁瀹氩纺镞讹纴闄勫姞鐤戦梾鍙ョ敤镶瀹氩舰寮忥纴鍗冲惁瀹氱殑闄堣堪鍙+镶瀹氱殑闄勫姞鐤戦梾鍙ャ
渚嫔彞锛
It isn't very hot today, is it ? 浠婂ぉ涓嶆槸寰堢儹锛屾槸钖楋纻
That clock isn't slow ,is it ? 杩欓挓涓嶆槸缂撴参镄勶纴 鏄钖楋纻
娉ㄦ剰杩欎竴绫诲瀷镄勯梼锷犵枒闂鍙ョ殑锲炵瓟锛屼笉绠￠梾棰樼殑鎻愭硶濡备綍锛岃嫢浜嫔疄鏄镶瀹氱殑锛屽氨瑕佺敤yes锛屼簨瀹炴槸钖﹀畾镄勶纴灏辫佺敤no锛岃繖涓庢眽璇涓崭竴镙凤纴搴旂壒鍒娉ㄦ剰銆
渚嫔彞锛
She isn't a teacher , is she? 濂逛笉鏄鏁椤笀锛屾槸钖楋纻
Yes , she is. 涓嶏纴濂规槸銆
No, she isn't .鏄镄 锛 濂逛笉鏄銆
涓.闄勫姞鐤戦梾鍙ョ殑鏋勬垚
1.褰挞檲杩伴儴鍒嗙殑涓昏鏄痚verybody, everyone ,someone, no one, nobody, somebody 绛夋寚浜虹殑钖堟垚璇嶆椂锛岄梼锷犵枒闂閮ㄥ垎镄勪富璇鍦ㄦｅ纺璇浣扑腑阃氩父鐢╤e,鍦ㄩ潪姝ｅ纺鏂囦綋涓鍒椤线寰鐢╰hey銆
渚嫔彞
Nobody likes to lose money , does he? 娌℃湁浜烘効镒忚禂阍憋纴闾ｄ箞浠栧憿锛
Everyone enjoyed the party, didn't they /he ? 姣忎釜浜洪兘寰埚枩娆㈣繖涓鑸炰细锛屼粬浠涓嶆槸钖楋纻
2.褰挞檲杩伴儴鍒嗙殑涓昏鏄痚verything ,anything, something, nothing 绛夋寚鐗╃殑钖堟垚璇嶆椂锛岄梼锷犵枒闂閮ㄥ垎镄勪富璇鍙鑳界敤 it銆
渚嫔彞
Nothing is difficult , is it ? 娌′粈涔堥毦镄勪簨𨱍咃纴涓嶆槸钖楋纻
Everything seems all right , doesn't it ? 镓链夌殑浜嬫儏閮藉ソ浜嗭纴涓嶆槸钖楋纻
3.褰挞檲杩伴儴鍒嗘槸there 寮曡捣镄勫彞镞讹纴闄勫姞鐤戦梾閮ㄥ垎镄勪富璇涔熺敤there銆
渚嫔彞
There is a boat on the river, isn't there? 娌充笂链変竴鍙鑸癸纴 涓嶆槸钖楋纻
There stands a house and a lot of trees , doesn't there? 闾ｆ湁涓搴ф埧瀛愯缮链変竴浜涙爲锛屼笉鏄钖楋纻
4.褰挞檲杩伴儴鍒嗗惈链塻eldom , hardly, scarely, no, not,never, rarely,few, little, nothing, nobody , nowhere 绛夊惁瀹氲瘝鎴栧崐钖﹀畾璇嶏纴闄勫姞鐤戦梾閮ㄥ垎閲囩敤镶瀹氩舰寮忋
渚嫔彞
Nobody phoned while I was out ,did they ? 褰撴垜鍦ㄥ栭溃镄勬椂鍊欐病链変汉𨱒ョ数璇濓纴鏄钖楋纻
Few people know him ,do they ? 鍑犱箮娌℃湁浜鸿よ瘑浠栵纴鏄钖楋纻
He has never been to Beijing ,has he? 浠栦粠𨱒ユ病链夊幓杩囧寳浜锛屾槸钖楋纻
5.褰挞檲杩伴儴鍒嗗惈链塽n- ,in- ,im-, il-, ir-, dis-绛夊惁瀹氩墠缂鎴杔ess绛夊惁瀹氩悗缂鏋勬垚镄勬淳鐢熻瘝镞讹纴闄勫姞鐤戦梾鍒欑敤钖﹀畾褰㈠纺銆
渚嫔彞
It's unfair, isn't it ? 闾ｄ笉鍏骞筹纴涓嶆槸钖楋纻
She dislikes it , doesn't she? 濂逛笉锽沧㈠畠锛屼笉鏄钖楋纻
6.褰挞檲杩伴儴鍒嗗惈链塶o one , nobody , none ,nothing ,neither绛変綔锷ㄨ瘝镄勫捐镞讹纴闄勫姞鐤戦梾閮ㄥ垎閲囩敤镶瀹氩舰寮忋
渚嫔彞
He has nothing to say ,does(n't) he? 浠栨病浠涔埚彲璇寸殑锛屾槸钖楋纻
You got nothing from him, did(n't) you? 浣犱粠浠栭偅浠涔堥兘娌″缑鍒帮纴鏄钖楋纻
锲.18绉岖壒娈婄殑鍙嶆剰鐤戦梾鍙ヨ娉曟荤粨
绁堜娇鍙:绁堜娇鍙ュ悗涓鑸锷犱笂will you 鎴杦on't you 鏋勬垚鍙嶆剰鐤戦梾鍙ワ纴鐢╳ill you 澶氲〃绀衡滆锋眰钬濓纴鐢╳on't you澶氲〃绀烘彁阅掑规柟娉ㄦ剰銆
镒熷徆鍙:镒熷徆鍙ュ悗锷犲弽镒忕枒闂鍙ユ椂锛屽叾鍙嶆剰鐤戦梾鍙ラ渶鐢╞e 镄勪竴鑸鐜板湪镞舵佺殑钖﹀畾褰㈠纺銆
褰挞檲杩伴儴鍒呜皳璇锷ㄨ瘝鏄痭eed , dare, used to 涓旇繖浜涜瘝琚鐢ㄤ綔瀹炰箟锷ㄨ瘝镞讹纴鍏跺弽镒忕枒闂鍙ラ渶鐢╠o 镄勯傚綋褰㈠纺銆
闄堣堪閮ㄥ垎涓汇佽皳璇鏄疘 am 钬 镞讹纴鍙嶆剰鐤戦梾鍙ョ敤aren钬檛 I 鎴朼in钬檛 I, 钥屼笉鏄痑m not I (鍙鐢╝m I not )銆
闄堣堪閮ㄥ垎镄勪富璇鏄痚verything ,nothing,anything 鎴杝omething镞讹纴鍙嶆剰鐤戦梾鍙ョ殑涓昏搴旂敤浠ｈ瘝it 銆
闄堣堪閮ㄥ垎镄勪富璇鏄痚verybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone ,nobody, no one, none, neither镞讹纴鍏跺弽镒忕枒闂鍙ョ殑涓昏闇鐢ㄥ嶆暟浠ｈ瘝they 銆
闄堣堪閮ㄥ垎镄勪富璇鏄鎸囩ず浠ｈ瘝this 鎴杢hat 镞讹纴鍙嶆剰鐤戦梾鍙ョ殑涓昏鐢╥t , 褰挞檲杩伴儴鍒嗙殑涓昏鏄鎸囩ず浠ｈ瘝these 鎴杢hose镞讹纴鍏跺弽镒忕枒闂鍙ョ殑涓昏鐢╰hey 銆
闄堣堪閮ㄥ垎镄勪富璇鏄涓嶅畾浠ｈ瘝one 镞讹纴鍙嶆剰鐤戦梾鍙ョ殑涓昏鍙浠ョ敤one,涔熷彲浠ョ敤you (缇庡纺鑻辫鐢╤e )銆
褰挞檲杩伴儴鍒嗗惈链変互涓嬭繖浜涘惈链夊惁瀹氭剰涔夌殑璇嶆椂锛歠ew, little, seldom, hardly, never, not , no, no one , nobody ,nothing ,none, nether绛夛纴鍏跺弽镒忕枒闂鍙ラ渶鐢ㄨ偗瀹氱粨鏋勚
褰挞檲杩伴儴鍒嗘墍钖镄勫惁瀹氲瘝鏄阃氲繃锷犲墠缂鎴栧悗缂鏋勬垚镄勶纴鍏跺悗镄勫弽镒忕枒闂鍙ヤ緷铹舵湁钖﹀畾缁撴瀯銆
钖链夊惁瀹氩惈镒忕殑璇嶅湪闄堣堪閮ㄥ垎锅氩姩璇岖殑瀹捐镞讹纴鍏跺弽镒忕枒闂鍙ョ敤镶瀹氱粨鏋勶纴涔熷彲鐢ㄥ惁瀹氱粨鏋勚
褰挞檲杩伴儴鍒嗕富璇鏄浠庡彞銆佷笉瀹氩纺锛堢煭璇锛夈佸姩璇-ing 褰㈠纺镞讹纴鍙嶆剰鐤戦梾鍙ョ殑涓昏搴旇ョ敤it銆
褰挞檲杩伴儴鍒嗗惈I think (believe ,suppose钬)that钬︾粨鏋勬椂锛屽叾鍙嶆剰鐤戦梾鍙ラ’涓庝粠鍙ョ殑涓汇佽皳璇淇濇寔涓镊达纴娉ㄦ剰涓诲彞镄勪富璇蹇呴’鏄绗涓浜虹О銆
have(has) 涓嶆槸琛ㄧず钬沧湁钬濈殑镒忔濓纴骞跺湪鍙ヤ腑锅氲皳璇镞讹纴鍏跺弽镒忕枒闂鍙ョ殑锷╁姩璇嶈佺敤do, does, did銆
闄堣堪閮ㄥ垎链塰ave to 镞讹纴鍏跺弽镒忕枒闂鍙ヨ佺敤锷╁姩璇岖殑钖﹀畾褰㈠纺銆
闄堣堪閮ㄥ垎鏄痶here be 鍙ュ瀷镞讹纴鍏跺弽镒忕枒闂鍙ヤ腑瑕佺敤there .
闄堣堪閮ㄥ垎链塰ad better 镞讹纴鍏跺弽镒忕枒闂鍙ヨ佺敤hadn钬檛.
褰挞檲杩伴儴鍒嗗惈链夋儏镐佸姩璇峬ust镞讹纴鎴戜滑链濂藉垎鏋愪竴涓媘ust镄勫惈涔夈傚傛灉must浣溾滀竴瀹氾绂瑕侊绂蹇呴’钬濊诧纴鍙嶆剰鐤戦梾鍙ラ’鐢╩ustn钬檛鎴杗eedn钬檛;钥屽綋must浣沧帹娴嬫剰涔夆滀竴瀹氭槸锛涘繀瀹气濊叉椂锛屽弽镒忕枒闂鍙ュ垯闇镙规嵁must钖庣殑锷ㄨ瘝铡熷舰阃夌浉搴旂殑褰㈠纺銆
銆鍙ュ瀷瑙ｉ喷
銆銆1锛庨檲杩伴儴鍒呜偗瀹氩纺+鐤戦梾閮ㄥ垎钖﹀畾寮 鍙璁颁负 鍓嶈偗钖庡惁瀹.
銆銆2锛庨檲杩伴儴鍒嗗惁瀹氩纺+鐤戦梾閮ㄥ垎镶瀹氩纺 鍙璁颁负 鍓嶅惁钖庤偗瀹.
銆銆They work hard, don钬檛 they?
銆銆鍙ュ瓙绫诲瀷锛氢竴绉嶆槸鍙崭箟镄勯梼锷犵枒闂鍙ワ纴涓绉嶆槸闱炲弽涔夌殑闄勫姞鐤戦梾鍙ャ
璇绘硶瑙勫垯
銆銆闄勫姞鐤戦梾鍙ラ檲杩伴儴鍒嗙敤闄嶈皟锛岄梾鍙ラ儴鍒嗗彲鍗囧彲闄嶃傛彁闂钥呭归檲杩伴儴鍒嗘妸鎻¤缉澶ф椂锛岄梾鍙ラ儴鍒嗙敤闄嶈皟锛涘弽涔嬬敤鍗囱皟銆
涓昏
涓鑸璇嶈
銆銆闄勫姞鐤戦梾鍙ヤ腑涓昏鐢ㄥ拰涓诲彞涓镊寸殑涓昏锛岀敤涓绘牸銆 闄勫姞鐤戦梾鍙ラ殢浠庡彞銆
涓嶅畾浠ｈ瘝
銆銆褰挞檲杩伴儴鍒嗙殑涓昏鏄
銆銆( 1 )鐢╫ne镞讹纴钖庨溃镄勭枒闂鍙ュ彲鐢╫ne/he.
銆銆(2)everything,anything,nothing,something镞讹纴 闄勫姞鐤戦梾鍙ヤ腑涓昏鐢╥t 涓岖敤 they
銆銆锛3锛塼his,that,鎴杢hose,these镞讹纴闄勫姞鐤戦梾鍙ヤ腑涓昏鐢╥t鍜宼hey.
銆銆锛4锛塭veryone锛宔verybody锛宻omeone锛宻omebody锛宎nyone锛宯obody绛夛纴闄勫姞鐤戦梾鍙ヤ腑涓昏涓鑸鐢╤e锛堜功闱㈣锛/they锛埚彛澶磋锛.
銆銆(5)涓嶅畾寮忥纴锷ㄥ悕璇嶏纴鍏朵粬鐭璇锛岄梼锷犵枒闂鍙ヤ腑涓昏涓鑸鐢╥t銆
銆銆锛6锛夊湪there be鍙ュ瀷涓锛岄梼锷犵枒闂鍙ヤ腑涓昏涓鑸鐢╞e/[1]/锷╁姩璇+there銆
鐗规畩鍙ュ瀷
钖﹀畾镒忎箟镄勮瘝
銆銆钖﹀畾镒忎箟镄勮瘝
銆銆锛1锛夊綋闄堣堪閮ㄥ垎链塶ever锛宻eldom, hardly锛宖ew锛宭ittle锛宐arely, scarcely, nothing锛宯one,rarely 绛夊惁瀹氭剰涔夌殑璇嶆眹镞讹纴钖庨溃镄勫弽镒忕枒闂鍙ュ垯涓鸿偗瀹氩舰寮忥细
銆銆There are few apples in the basket, are there?
銆銆He can hardly swim, can he?
銆銆They seldom come late, do they?
銆銆锛2锛夊綋闄堣堪閮ㄥ垎钖链夊惁瀹氭剰镐濈殑璇嶆槸unhappy,dislike,unfriendly绛夊惈链夊惁瀹氲瘝缂镄勬淳鐢熻瘝锛屼篃灏辨槸链塽n-鍓岖紑銆-less钖庣紑绛夊惈链夎瘝缂钥屾剰镐濆惁瀹氱殑璇嶏纴褰揿仛镶瀹氩彞澶勭悊锛岀枒闂閮ㄥ垎瑕佺敤钖﹀畾褰㈠纺銆傚傦细
銆銆He looks unhappy,doesn'the?浠栫湅涓婂幓涓嶉珮鍏达纴涓嶆槸钖楋纻
銆銆The girl dislikes history,doesn'tshe?杩椤コ瀛╀笉锽沧㈠巻鍙诧纴涓嶆槸钖楋纻链塴ess,fewer绛夎瘝瑙嗕负镶瀹氲瘝锛岀枒闂閮ㄥ垎鐢ㄥ惁瀹氩舰寮忋傚傦细銆There will be less pollution, won't there?
琛ㄧず涓昏涓昏傛剰镒跨殑璇
銆銆钖链塼hink, believe, suppose, imagine, expect绛夊姩璇嶅悗鎺ュ捐浠庡彞鏋勬垚镄勪富浠庡嶅悎鍙ュ湪鏋勬垚鍙嶆剰鐤戦梾鍙ユ椂锛岃嗘儏鍐典笉钖屾湁涓ょ崭笉钖岀殑鏋勬垚鏂瑰纺銆
銆銆(1.)褰扑富鍙ョ殑涓昏涓虹涓浜虹О镞讹纴鍏跺悗镄勭亩鐭闂鍙ュ簲涓庝粠鍙ョ浉涓镊淬备緥濡傦细
銆銆I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?
銆銆We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?
銆銆鍊煎缑娉ㄦ剰镄勬槸锛屽綋杩欎簺锷ㄨ瘝钖庢帴镄勫捐浠庡彞镄勫惁瀹氲浆绉诲埌涓诲彞镞讹纴鍏朵粛灞炲惁瀹氩彞锛屾晠鍏跺悗镄勭亩鐭闂鍙ュ簲鐢ㄨ偗瀹氩纺锛岃岄潪钖﹀畾寮忋备緥濡傦细
銆銆I don'tbelieve that he can translate this book, can he?
銆銆We don'timagine the twins have arrived, have they?
銆銆姝ょ被鍙ュ瓙镄勫洖绛斿悓"鍓嶅惁钖庤偗"鍨嫔弽镒忕枒闂鍙ヤ竴镙凤纴濡备笂杩板悗涓涓鍙ュ瓙锛岃嫢鍙岃优鑳庡凡缁忓埌浜嗭纴鍒椤洖绛斾负"Yes, they have."锛涜嫢灏氭湭鍒拌揪锛屼娇鐢"No, they haven't."銆
銆銆(2).褰扑富鍙ョ殑涓昏涓虹浜屻佷笁浜虹О镞讹纴鍏跺悗镄勭亩鐭闂鍙ュ垯搴斾笌涓诲彞鐩镐竴镊达纸姝ゆ椂锛屽惁瀹氩彧鐪嬩富鍙ワ纴涓庝粠鍙ユ棤鍏...锛夈备緥濡傦细
銆銆Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?
銆銆You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?
銆銆They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?
銆銆She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?
銆銆(3)浣嗗傛灉涓诲彞镄勬椂镐佹槸杩囧幓镞剁瓑绛夛纴鐤戦梾鍙ュ簲鍜屼富鍙ョ殑浜虹О镞舵佷缭鎸佷竴镊淬
had better鎴杊ave
銆銆闄堣堪閮ㄥ垎链塰ad better,鎴栧叾涓镄删ave琛ㄧず瀹屾垚镞舵佹椂锛岀枒闂鍙ュ簲鐢╤adn钬檛绛夊紑澶达细
銆銆You钬檇 better get up early, hadn钬檛 you?
銆銆鍏朵粬𨱍呭喌鍙ヤ腑链塰ave镞剁枒闂鍙ュ簲鐢╠on't绛夊紑澶
銆銆濡俬ave琛ㄧず钬沧湁钬濈殑镞跺欙纴链変袱绉嶅舰寮忥细锛坔ave 琛ㄧず链 鍙鐢╠o鎴 have𨱒ユ敼鍐欙级
銆銆-He has two sisters,doesn'the? =He has two sisters,hasn't he?
銆銆-He doesn't have any sisters,doeshe?
绁堜娇鍙
銆銆褰挞檲杩伴儴鍒嗘槸绁堜娇鍙ユ椂锛岀枒闂鍙ヨ佹牴鎹璇姘旀潵琛ㄨ揪锛屽垎涓夌嶆儏鍐碉细
銆銆1锛変竴鑸𨱍呭喌涓嬬敤will you 鎴 won't you銆
銆銆e.g. Give me a hand,will you?
銆銆Leave all the things as they are,won't you?
銆銆2)浠Let's寮澶寸殑绁堜娇鍙ワ纴鍓嶈偗钖庡彲镶鍙钖︼纴鍓嶅惁钖庡彧鍙锛岀枒闂鍙ュ繀椤荤敤shall we;鍙链変互Let us锛埚惉璇濅汉涓嶈鍖呮嫭鍦ㄢ淯S钬濋噷闱锛夋垨Let me寮澶寸殑绁堜娇鍙ワ纴闂鍙ユ墠鐢╳ill you銆
銆銆e.g. Let us know the time of your arrival,will you?
銆銆Let钬溆 try again,shall we?
銆銆Let me help you,will you?
銆銆Let钬檚 have a look on your book锛宻hall we锛
銆銆3)褰挞檲杩板彞鏄钖﹀畾镄勭堜娇鍙ユ椂锛岄梾鍙ュ彲鐢╳ill you 鎴 can you 銆
銆銆e.g. Don't make much noise,will/can you?
There be鍙ュ瀷
銆銆There be 鍙ュ瀷涓锛屽弽涔夌枒闂閮ㄥ垎蹇呴’涓篵e 锷ㄨ瘝 + there
銆銆銆There are some apples in the basket, aren't there?
銆銆There isn't any milk left, is there?
must
銆銆.褰挞檲杩伴儴鍒嗘湁𨱍呮佸姩璇峬ust锛岄梾鍙ユ湁4绉嶆儏鍐碉细
銆銆锛1锛尘ustn't琛ㄧず钬灭佹锛屼笉鍙锛屼笉蹇呪濇椂锛岄梼锷犻梾鍙ラ氩父瑕佺敤must.
銆銆You mustn't stop your car here,must you?
銆銆浣犱笉鑳芥妸杞﹀仠鍦ㄨ繖鍦版柟锛岀煡阆揿悧锛
銆銆锛2锛尘ust琛ㄧず钬沧湁蹇呰佲濇椂锛岄梼锷犻梾鍙ラ氩父瑕佺敤needn't.
銆銆They must finish the work today,needn't they?
銆銆浠栦滑浠婂ぉ瑕佸畬鎴愯繖椤瑰伐浣滐纴鏄钖楋纻
銆銆锛3锛夊綋must鐢ㄦ潵琛ㄧず瀵圭幇鍦ㄧ殑𨱍呭喌杩涜屾帹娴嬫椂锛岄梾鍙ラ氩父瑕佹牴鎹甿ust钖庨溃镄勫姩璇嶉噰鐢ㄧ浉搴旂殑褰㈠纺銆
銆銆He must be good at English,isn'the?
銆銆浠栬嫳璇涓瀹氩﹀缑寰埚ソ锛屾槸钖楋纻
銆銆锛4锛夊綋must+have done琛ㄧず瀵硅繃铡荤殑𨱍呭喌杩涜屾帹娴嬶纸涓鑸鍙ヤ腑链夋槑纭镄勮繃铡绘椂闂寸姸璇锛夛纴闂鍙ヨ佹牴鎹闄堣堪閮ㄥ垎璋撹镄勬儏鍐电敤钬渄idn't+涓昏钬濇垨钬渨asn't/weren't+涓昏钬濓绂濡傛灉寮鸿皟锷ㄤ綔镄勫畬鎴愶纸涓鑸娌℃湁鏄庣‘镄勮繃铡绘椂闂寸姸璇锛夛纴闂鍙ヨ佺敤钬渉aven't/hasn't+涓昏钬濄
銆銆She must have read the novel last week,didn't she?
銆銆濂逛笂鏄熸湡涓瀹氲讳简杩欐湰灏忚达纴鏄钖楋纻
銆銆You must have told her about it,haven't you?
銆銆浣犱竴瀹氭妸杩欎簨锻婅瘔濂逛简锛屾槸钖楋纻
闱炲弽涔夌枒闂鍙
銆銆闱炲弽涔夌枒闂鍙ョ殑闄堣堪閮ㄥ垎鍜岀枒闂閮ㄥ垎瑕佷箞钖屾槸镶瀹氱殑锛岃佷箞钖屾槸钖﹀畾镄勚傝繖绫诲弽涔夌枒闂鍙ユ湁镞跺甫链夋劅𨱍呰壊褰╋纴琛ㄧず𨱍婂囷纴镒ゆ掞纴璁藉垭锛屼笉链嶆皵绛夈备緥濡傦细You call this a day's work锛宒o you锛熶綘璇磋繖灏卞彨涓澶╃殑娲诲効锛屾槸钖楋纻
锲炵瓟
銆銆鍙嶆剰鐤戦梾鍙ョ殑锲炵瓟锛氩墠镶钖庡惁锛屾ｅ父锲炵瓟锛涘墠钖﹀悗镶锛屾牴鎹浜嫔疄浠庡悗寰鍓岖炕璇戙傚傦细
銆銆锛1锛涂hey work hard,don钬檛 they?浠栦滑锷锷涘伐浣滐纴涓嶆槸钖楋纻
銆銆Yes, they do.瀵,浠栦滑宸ヤ綔锷锷涖/No, they don't.涓嶏纴浠栦滑宸ヤ綔涓嶅姫锷
銆銆锛2锛涂hey don钬檛 work hard, do they? 浠栦滑涓嶅お锷锷涘伐浣滐纴鏄钖楋纻
銆銆Yes, they do. 涓嶏纴浠栦滑宸ヤ綔锷锷涖/No, they don't. 瀵癸纴 浠栦滑宸ヤ綔涓嶅姫锷
钖﹀畾鍙崭箟鐤戦梾鍙ョ殑锲炵瓟
銆銆褰挞檲杩伴儴鍒嗕负镶瀹氩纺锛屽弽涔夌枒闂鍙ヤ负钖﹀畾寮忔椂锛屽叾锲炵瓟涓鑸涓崭细阃犳垚锲伴毦锛屼竴鑸鍙闇镦ф儏鍐靛洖绛斿嵆鍙锛
銆銆"It钬檚 new, isn钬檛 it?" "Yes, it is." 钬沧槸鏂扮殑锛屽瑰悧锛颎浓滃癸纴鏄鏂扮殑銆傗
銆銆"He wants to go, doesn钬檛 he?" "No, he doesn钬檛." 钬滀粬𨱍冲幓锛屽瑰悧锛颎浓滀笉锛屼粬涓嶆兂铡汇傗
銆銆姝ゆ椂锛"Yes"鍗虫槸锛屽瑰墠闱"It's new."镄勮偗瀹氥
锲炵瓟鍙崭箟鐤戦梾鍙ョ殑铡熷垯
銆銆锲炵瓟鍙嶆剰鐤戦梾鍙ラ氩父搴旀牴鎹瀹为檯𨱍呭喌𨱒ョ‘瀹氾纴濡傛湁浜洪梾浣燳ou are asleep, aren钬檛 you? 浣犲簲锲炵瓟No, I钬檓 not. 锲犱负镞㈢劧浣犺兘锲炵瓟锛岃偗瀹氢綘杩樻病链塧sleep銆备絾濡傛灉鍒浜洪梾浣 You aren钬檛 asleep, are you?(浣犺缮娌℃湁镌＄潃锛屽瑰悧)锛屼綘涔熷彧鑳藉洖绛擭o, I钬檓 not.(鏄镄勶纴杩樻病链夌浔镌)锛岃屼笉鑳藉洖绛斾负Yes, I钬檓 not. 涔熶笉鑳藉洖绛旀垚 Yes, I am.
銆銆钬泪t is a beautiful flower锛宨sn't it锛颎 钬泪t isn't a beautiful flower锛宨s it锛颎
銆銆涓婅堪涓ゅ彞鍙ュ瓙镄勫洖绛旇偗瀹氩潎涓衡渊es锛宨t is."钖﹀畾涓衡淣o锛宨t isn't."
銆銆鐢变笂杩颁緥瀛愬彲鐭ワ纴鍙崭箟鐤戦梾鍙ュ洖绛斾笌鍙ュ瓙链韬镓鍖呭惈镄勪腑鏂囱偗瀹氢笌钖︾殑钖涔夊苟镞犲お澶у叧镵旓纴鍙闇娉ㄦ剰浜嫔疄锛岃偗瀹氩嵆鐢▂es锛屽惁瀹氱敤no锛屾棤闇钥冭槛鍙ュ瓙铡熸湰鏄鍓嶅惁钖庤偗鎴栨槸鍓嶈偗钖庡惁銆
缂栬緫链娈
閲岖偣褰掔撼
銆銆蹇阃熻板繂琛
銆銆
闄堣堪閮ㄥ垎镄勮皳璇 鐤戦梾閮ㄥ垎
I aren't I/are I
no,nothing,nobody,never,銆
few, seldom, hardly,
rarely, little绛夊惁瀹氩惈涔夌殑璇 镶瀹氩惈涔
钖链塽n-,in-.dis-,im-绛夊惁瀹氭剰涔夌殑鍓岖紑鏋勬垚镄勮瘝璇
镞讹纴瑙嗕负镶瀹氩惈涔 钖﹀畾钖涔
ought to锛堣偗瀹氱殑锛 shouldn't/ oughtn't +涓昏
have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +涓昏(didn't +涓昏)
used to+v.銆 didn't +涓昏鎴 usedn't +涓昏
had better + v.銆 hadn't you
would rather + v. wouldn't +涓昏
you'd like to + v. wouldn't +涓昏
must 镙规嵁瀹为檯𨱍呭喌钥屽畾
镒熷徆鍙 be +涓昏
鎸囩ず浠ｈ瘝鎴栦笉瀹氢唬璇
everything,that,銆
nothing,this銆 涓昏鐢╥t
骞跺垪澶嶅悎鍙 璋撹镙规嵁闾昏繎浠庡彞镄勮皳璇钥屽畾
瀹氲浠庡彞,瀹捐浠庡彞
涓讳粠澶嶅悎鍙 镙规嵁涓诲彞镄勮皳璇钥屽畾
think,believe,expect,
suppose,imagine绛夊紩瀵 涓庡捐浠庡彞鐩稿瑰簲镄勪粠鍙
everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one 澶嶆暟they, 鍗曟暟he
𨱍呮佸姩璇峝are鎴杗eed need/needn't (dare/daren't ) +涓昏
dare, need 涓哄疄涔夊姩璇 do/don't +涓昏
鐪佸幓涓昏镄勭堜娇鍙 will/won't you锛
Let's 寮澶寸殑绁堜娇鍙 Shall we?
Let us 寮澶寸殑绁堜娇鍙 Will you?
there be銆 鐩稿簲镄勮皳璇锷ㄨ瘝+there(鐪佺暐涓昏浠ｈ瘝锛夈
钖﹀畾鍓岖紑涓嶈兘瑙嗕负钖﹀畾璇嶃 浠岖敤钖﹀畾褰㈠纺