㈠ 新课标人教版八年级下册英语知识点
1) leave的用法
1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如:
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什么时候离开上海的?
2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如:
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如:
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你为什么要离开上海去北京?
2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如:
How should I know? 我怎么知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚?
should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如:
We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。
我们在使用时要注意以下几点:
1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如:
You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。
2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如:
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如:
We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。
3) What...? 与 Which...?
1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问职业。如:
What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的?
该句相当于:
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如:
---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特?
---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。
2. What...?是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而 Which...?是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制。如:
What color do you like best? (所有颜色)
你最喜爱什么颜色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范围)
你最喜爱哪一种颜色?
3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如:
Which pictures are from China?
哪些图片来自中国?
什么是助动词
1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。
助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)
2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:
a. 表示时态,例如:
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态,例如:
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句,例如:
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3.最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do
1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)
forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)
㈡ 八年级下册英语一到六模块重点有哪些
八年级英语下册各单元重点短语和句子 Unit 1 A. 短语:几个 1. be free 空闲的;免费的 2. on computers 在电脑上,通过电脑 3. ★on paper 在纸上
4. study at home on computers 在家通过电脑学习 5. ★live to be + 岁数 活到…岁 6. ★in 100 years 一百年后 7. fewer people 更少的人
8. ★less free time 更少的空闲时间 9. use the subways less 更少地乘坐地铁 10. ★more pollution 更多的污染 11. more crowded 更拥挤
12. ★agree with sb / to sth 同意…的观点
gtee to do sth 同意做某事
13. live in an apartment 住在一幢公寓里 14. near here 在这附近
15. take the train to school 坐火车去上学 16. fly rockets to the moon 坐火箭去月球 17. live on a space station 住在太空站 18. ★fall in love with… 爱上…
19. ★live alone = live by oneself = live on one’s own ★feel lonely
20. have / keep pets 养宠物 21. look smart 看起来神采奕奕 22. ★on/at the weekend 在周末 23. ★will be able to do… 将能…. 24. ★dress oneself 自己穿衣服 ★dress sb 给…穿衣服 dress casually 穿着随意 25. ★on vacation 度假
26. ★twenty years from now = in 20 years 20年后 27. come true 实现
28. one of +(最高级) + 名词复数 最…之一 29. use sth to do sth 用…去做…
30. ★in the future 将来,未来 in future 今后 40. ★one’s own + 名词 某人自己的… 41. ★help with sth / help do sth 帮助做… 42. ★unpleasant jobs 令人不愉快的工作 43. ★hundreds of years 几百年
44. ★take +时间 + to do sth 花费…(时间) 做… 45. ★make sb do sth/adj 让某人做某事/怎么样 46. do the same things as us 做和我们相同的事 47. ★it be + adj + to do sth 做某事是…的 48. ★wake up 醒来
★Wake sb up 把…叫醒 wake him up 50. ★try to do sth 尽力去做某事
51. there be sb doing sth sp 某地有某人正在做某事
52. ★over and over again 一遍又一遍 53. get bored 变得无聊
B. 重点句子 1. Everything will be free. 2. People will live to be 200 years old. 3. There will be less pollution.
4. Kids will study at home on computers. 5. What do you think Sally will be in 5 years? 6. I don’t like living alone.
7. On the weekend, I’ll be able to dress more casually. 8. What will the weather be like tomorrow? 9. 10. Predicting the future can be difficult.
11. Do you think you will have your own robot? 12. They may help with the housework and do the most unpleasant jobs.
13. It will be difficult for a robot to do the same things as a person.
14. There are already robots working in factories. 15. We never know what will happen in the future. 16.There is going to be/ will be a meeting tomorrow.
Unit 2
A. 短语
1. play …too loud/loudly 播放…声音太大
2. ★enough money 足够的钱 busy enough 够忙 3. ★argue with sb about sth = have an argument with
sb about sth 因为某事与某人发生争执 4. ★out of style 过时的 in style 时髦的 5. write sb a letter = write to sb 给某人写信 6. call sb up 给某人打电话 call her up 7. ★say sth to sb 对某人说… 8. ★a ticket to / for 一张…门票
9. surprise sb 使某人惊讶
10. ★talk about sth on tht phone 在电话上谈论某事 11. ★pay for … = spend..on… 在…上花钱
12. get / find / have a part-time job 找到一份兼职工作 13. ★borrow sth from sb 向某人借某物 14. ★lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人 15. ★ask sb for sth 向某人要某物
ask sb for help 向某人求助
ask sb for advice 向某人寻求建议
16. ★buy sb sth = buy sth for sb 给某人买某物 17. be inexpensive = be cheap 便宜的
18. ★the same as … 和…相同的
19. ★tell sb (not) to do sth 告诉某人(不)做某事 20. ★find out 发现,查明,了解清楚,弄明白 21. everyone else 其他的每一个人 22. ★except me 除我之外
23. don’t know what to do= don’t know how to do it
㈢ 八年级下册英语知识点总结
人教版八年级英语下册知识点罗列
◆unit 1 Will people have robots?
知识点:
1. 形容词,副词的比较等级考查热点透视:
a) 表示A与B在程度上相同时, “as+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。表示A不如B时,可用“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。
b) 表示A比B在程度上“更…..”时,可用“形容词或副词的比较级+than”结构
c) 表示三者或三者以上的比较,其中一个在程度上“最…..”时,常用“the+形容词或副词的最高级”结构,后面可带“of/in的短语”来说明比较的范围。(注意:副词的最高级在句中常省略“the”.)
d) 在形容词或副词的比较级前,可以用“a little, even, far, much,still”的等词语来修饰,以加强语气。
e) 表示“越来越….”时,常用“形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级”结构,但要注意,对于多音节和部分双音节形容词,副词而言,若要表达此意时,要用“more and more+形容词或副词的原级“结构。
f) 在表示“其中最….之一“的含义时,常使用 “one of+the+形容词最高级形式+名词复数”结构,其中的定冠词the不可以省略。
g) 如果强调“两者中比较…的(一个)”的意思时,可使用“the+形容词比较级+其它”结构。
h) 表示“越….越….”, 可使用“the+形容词或副词的比较级,the+形容词或副词的比较级”结构。
2 .一般将来时
a) 一般将来时的构成:由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成,shall用于第一人称。在口语中,will在名词或代词后常简略为’ll, will not常简略为won’t。这个时态的肯定,否定和疑问结构可表示如下:
肯定句 否定句 疑问句
I (We)shall(will) go.
You(He, She, They) will go. I(We)shall(will) not go.
You(He, She, They)will not go. Shall I(we) go?
Will you (he, she, they) go?
用”be going to +动词原形”也可表示将来时,表示将要发生的事,打算或决定要做的事。
b)一般将来时的用法:1)表示将要发生的动作或情况;2) 不以人的意志为转移,肯定要发生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.后天是国庆日。
3. in/after:in是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后”。也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”,句子中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态;after常指以过去时间为起点的“一段时间之后”,所以它与过去时态连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后,或指以将来某一时间为起点的若干时间之后时,它可以与将来时态连用。
4.more, less, fewer的用法区别:more为many, much的比较级,意为“更多”,可修饰可数与不可数名词。Less是little的比较级,意为“更好,较少”,修饰不可数名词。Fewer是few的比较级,意为“更少”,修饰可数名词复数。
【注意】few, little表示否定“几乎没有”。a few, a little表示肯定“一点,几个”。
5.would like sth意思为“想要某物“; would like to do意思为”想要做某事“。回答would like句型的一般疑问句时,其肯定回答为 “Yes, please.”;否定回答“No, thanks”或 “I’d like /love to, but….”
6. Such作形容词,意思是“如此的”“这样的”,修饰各种名词。
Such这样的。如It is such bad weather.天气如此恶劣。
Such常和as搭配,表示一种类别。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我们喜欢象她那样的嗓子。
Such常和表示结果的that从句搭配,表示“如此….以至于…”如
It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home.
Such…that…和so…that…都可用来引出一个结果状语从句。由于such是形容词,所以that从句前有一个受such修饰的名词;而so 是副词,用以修饰形容词或副词,因此that从句前一般不出现名词。如
They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them.
The exam was so difficult that many students failed to pass it.
a) 如果名词是可数名词的单数形式,such和so的位置不同:
such+a/an+形容词+单数名词
so+形容词+a/an+单数名词
b) 如果名词是不可数名词或名词复数,只可用such,不能用so.:
such+形容词+不可数名词或复数名词
c) 如果被修饰的不可数名词被much, little, 或复数名词被many, few等表示量的形容词修饰时,用so,不用such.
d) 当little表示“年纪小的”时,可用such+little+名词。
7.be able to 为“能,会”,表示能力,在这个意义上与can的意思相同,一般情况下两者可以互换,但can只有现在式和过去式(could)而be able to则用于更多的时态,主要体现在be的变化。两者在用法上有一些差异:can (could)表示主观能力不表示意愿,它的将来时用will be able to而 be able to表示主观意愿强调克服困难做某事。
◆unit 2 What should I do?
知识点:
1..loud是形容词,loud-louder-loudest意思是“响亮的”;作副词时,常与talk, sing, laugh 等词连用,如speak loud; loudly “大声地”带有喧闹的意味,常用来修饰shout, cry, call, knock等动词,通常没有比较级和最高级,作状语;aloud 副词,出声地,大声地,仅指发出声音(以使能被听得见)。
2.Enough为形容词,意思是“足够的”;enough +n.修饰名词enough money; adj/adv+enough修饰形容词或副词;enough to do 足够做某事
3.present, gift礼物:gift带有一定的感情色彩,通常指昂贵的“礼物”,强调送礼人的诚意,有时有“捐赠”之意,多用于正式场合;present指为表达情谊,敬意或出于礼节,在某特定时刻或场合赠送的“礼物”,此礼物价值不一定高。make sb a present of把…作为礼物送给
4.borrow, lend: borrow“借入,借给”即说话人向他人借东西borrow sth from sb.; lend-lent-lent“借出,借给”即说话人把自己的东西借给他人lend sb sth= lend sth to sb
5 except,besides除…之外: except除了…都,besides强调“除了…之外还有…”在no one, nobody, nothing等词后加介词but也表示“除了”。
6.find out, find, look for: find out“找出,发现,查明”多指通过调查,询问,打听,研究之后搞清楚,弄明白或指找出较难找到的,无形的抽象的东西;find“找到,发现”通常指找到或发现有形的东西也可指偶然发现某物的某种情况,强调找的结果;look for“寻找”强调动作。
7.talk about谈到,谈论;talk of谈到,说到;have a talk with与..谈谈,做报告;talk to sb对…谈话;talk with sb与…交谈;talk to sb和talk with sb 均表示“和某人谈话”,“讲话”。talk to sb比较常用,侧重一方谈,一方听;talk with sb侧重双方交谈;talk about sb则表示“谈论某人”
8.miss 和lose:miss意思为“发现丢失”“觉得不在”;lose意思为“丢失”“失去”。在本质上,miss是一种主观感觉,而lose是一种客观结果。
9.be used to doing习惯于做某事;used to do过去常常,暗含与现在明显的不同,只用于过去时;be used to do是use的被动语态,意思是….被用来做某事。
10.own 与 have: own强调的是拥有,占有某物为自己的财产,但所占有的东西目前不一定是由人使用,强调所有权;have为普通动词,表示的所有关系。own +n. egWho owns the dog? ;own +宾语+宾补 eg. He owns himself wrong.;own+从句eg. He owns that he is wrong. ;of one’s own完全属于某人自己的;on one’s own独立地,自愿地;with one’s own ears亲耳
11. attend, join, take part in: attend“出席,参加,上学”attend school 上学,attend meeting出席会议;take part in 参加,是指参与某项活动 take an active part in积极参加;join 参加,当join用于加入某个团体或组织,成为其中的一员,后面直接跟名词,当join表示参加某项活动时后面跟介词in .
◆unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
知识点:
1. 过去进行时
a) 过去进行时由“was/were+动词ing形式”构成。以动词work为列,其肯定式,否定式,疑问式以及简略答语见下表:
肯定式:I/He/She/It was working. We/You/ They were working.
否定式:I/He/She/It was not working. We/You/They were not working.
疑问式和简略答语:Was I working? Yes, you were.
Was he working? No, he wasn’t.
【注意】was not常简略为wasn’t; were not常简略为weren’t
b) 过去进行时的用法:过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间,除有上,下文暗示以外,一般用时间状语来表示
2. not …until直到…才。表示动作在某时之前尚未开始,直到此时动作才开始。not…until可以用after或when来代替,但主句谓语动词要用肯定形式。Until为连词时后接时间状语从句,until作介词时,后面接表示时间的名词。Until 用于肯定句多表示动作或状态一直延续到until所表示的时间为止,意思为“直到…” from..till…中till往往表示不太具体的时间。From …to…或from…until常用来表示具体的时间。
3. find it…to do,it在此句中为形式宾语代表动词不定式,动词不定式为真正的宾语,常用于这种用法的动词有find, feel, think, make等。
4. “疑问词+不定式“结构相当于一个名词性从句,常常可用同等成分的从句代替。改写时,只需在疑问词后面加一个适当的主语(这个主语一般与主句的主语一致),并将不定式改成适当形式的谓语即可。如,Where to go is still a question.= Where we should go is still a question.
5. when 与while:when连接的状语从句是个特殊句型,“前一个分句(谓语动词用过去进行时)+when(作并列连词,意思为“这时,突然”)+后一个分句(谓语动词用一般过去时)”表示在前一个动作正在进行的过程中突然发生了后一个动作, when强调动作的突然性,when后面的动词为非延续性动词;while表示“在….过程中”,强调在一段时间内,所以while引导的从句中的谓语动词必须为延续性动词。在状语从句中,若从句放在句首时,应用逗号与主句隔开。
6. 感叹句的构成:What +a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语!What a good book it is!
What+形容词+复数可数名词+主语+谓语!What easy questions they are!
What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!What cold weather it is!
How+形容词+主语+be动词!How nice the watch is!
How +副词+主语+谓语!How hard they are working!
8.take place, happen“发生”:take place指“发生事先计划或预想到的事物”;happen指“一切客观事情或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生”。两者都是不及物动词或短语,后面不能跟宾语,也不能用于被动语态;happen的意义很广泛,而take place 仅用于历史上的事件,集会等,是先行布置而后发生或举行的事件,它不用于地震等自然界的现象。
happen to do 巧遇 sth happens to sb某人遭遇某事
9.不定代词all, both, each,every与not连用时,只表示部分否定,在否定句中用and连接两个宾语,表语,定语,状语时,只表示部分否定,并且否定 and后面的部分;如用or连接句中两个部分,则表示全部否定。如,She isn’t a bright and beautiful girl.她并不是一个既聪明又漂亮的女孩。(部分否定) She isn’t a bright or beautiful girl.她是一个既不聪明又不漂亮的女孩。(全部否定)。
◆unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
知识点:
1. 在称述句中直接引语和间接引语的转换:
a) 直接引语:说话人直接引用别人的原话。
b) 间接引语:说话人用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来。
c) 直接引语一般前后要加引号;间接引语不用引号。
d) 规则:1)人称变化:从句中的第一人称多改为第三人称;第二人称根据情况改为第一或第三人称;第三人称不变。2)时态变化:如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变为间接引语时从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做以下变化:
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时(客观真理除外)
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,直接引语变为间接引语时,从句的动词时态保持不变;直接引语如果是客观真理变为间接引语时,时态保持不变。3)其他指示代词,时间状语,地点状语和动词等的变化。直接引语中的一些指示代词,时间状语和地点状语须作相应的变化:
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this这 these这些 that那 those那些
时间状语 now现在 then那时
today 今天 that day 那天
tonight 今晚 that night那天晚上
this week 这星期 that week那个星期
yesterday 昨天 the day before前一天
last week 上星期 the week before前一个星期
ago以前 before 以前
tomorrow明天 the next/following day第二天
next week 下星期 the next week 第二个星期
地点状语 here 这里 there 那里
动词 come来 go 去
【注意】1)直接引语中的时间状语根据实际情况转述为间接引语时,有时不需要改变,如tomorrow。如果转述的动作发生在当天,无需改变;如果转述的动作不在当天,则需将tomorrow变为the next day.
2.habit, practice, custom: habit指“个人由于自然条件,社会环境,爱好或经常接触而导致可以为常的行为或特性”;practice语气比habit弱,指“个人或大家都习惯了的做法或工作与生活的方式。”;custom指“经过一段时期在某人,地区或社会中形成的传统习惯或风俗。”
3.bring, take, carry: bring指“从别处把东西或人带来”“拿来”,表示将人或物带到或拿到说话者所在的位置的这个动作;take指“把东西带走或拿走”,表示将人或物拿开或带离说话者所在的位置的这个动作; carry指“随身携带(不说明方向)有时含有 “负担”的意思。
4.Surprise用法:1)surprise作名词,表示“惊奇,诧异”;2)surprise作几物动词(后接某人作宾语)表示“使…惊奇”;surprise的过去分词作表语,表示“感到惊奇”;to one’s surprise表示“使…吃惊的是”;be surprised at sth/sb表示“对…感到惊奇”。
5.however 与 but:两者均可作“但是,然而”,而且都引出并列分句。从语义上看,but所表示的是非常明显的对比,转折的意味较however要强;从语法上看,but是并列连词,而however却是连接副词;从语序上看,but总是位于所引出的分句前,而however却可位于句首,句中和句末,但是译成汉语时一定要把它放在分句之首;从标点符号上看,but之后一般不使用逗号,而however则必须用逗号分开。However当连词用时,“无论以何种方式,不管怎样”,引导让步状语从句。
6.first, at first与first of all:1)first可以做副词,意思是“首先,第一次,最初地”,指第一次做某事或首先做某事,first还可以用作形容词,意思是“第一的,最初的,主要的,一流的”,first作名词,意思是“首要,第一,最初”2)at first的意思是“起初,当初”,指刚刚开始做某事的时候,暗示后来的情况有所改变3)first of all的意思是“第一,最初,首先”,同first的用法相同,但语气上比first要强,常常用来加强语气。
7.true, real: true意思为“真的”“真正的”,强调与实际相符,而不是杜撰的,它与real相对。与to连用,意思是“忠实的”,true用作名词,与定冠词the连用,表示“真实,真理”等;real无此意。Real是形容词,强调客观存在的“真实”“实在”,不是想象的。
8.above, on,over:三者都有“在…上”之意。1)on表示两者上下紧贴在一起2)over表示一种直接的垂直概念,但没有上下紧贴的意思,反义词为under.3)above既不表示垂直的上下概念,也无相互紧贴的意思,反义词是below.
◆unit5 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time.
知识点:
1. If引导的条件状语从句:1)构成:if引导的条件状语从句表示“如果…”。构成形式为“主句+一般将来时时态+if从句+一般现在时态”,或“If从句+一般现在时态,主句+一般将来时态”。2)用法:表示假设或条件
2. half 与half of的用法:1)half the class中的“half”为形容词,意思“一半的,半个的”2) “half of+代词/the+名词”中的half为名词,意思为“一半,半个”。当该结构在句子作主语时,谓语动词必须和该词组中的代词或名词保持数的一致。即当代词或名词为单数时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;若所接名词或代词为复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。
3. all the time与always: all the time是个副词性的短语,意思为“一直”“始终”,表示某一特定阶段开始一直到结束,不表示频度,多置于句末。除此,all the time还有“不断”的意思;always为表示频度的副词,意思为“总是”,表示动作的反复,状态的继续,中间没有间断,其反义词为never。它与进行时态连用时,常翻译成“总是”,“老是”,带有赞美,厌烦,不满等感情色彩。
4.Enough的用法:1)enough to do sth表示“足够…可以做…”2)enough也可以用“for+宾语+to do sth的结构”3)enough修饰名词时前面不用冠词4)当主语是代词时,enough可以作表语。当主语是名词时,enough不能做表语。
5.Choose的用法:1)choose+名词 意思为“选择…”;2)choose+between/from从…中选择;3)choose to do选择做某事
6.Exercise的用法:1)运动,锻炼,是不可数名词2)体操,练习,是可数名词。3)动词,使….运动
7.wear, put on, have on, dress: wear“穿着”“戴着”,表示状态,是延续性动词,一般现在时表示经常状态,现在进行时表示暂时状态;put on“穿上”“戴上”,表示动作,是非延续性动词;have on“穿着”“戴着”,表示状态可以与wear互换;dress“穿上”“穿着”,既表示状态,也表示动作,既可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词。Dress作及物动词,表示“给自己或别人穿(衣服)”,宾语是人,常用被动语态。dress oneself给。。穿衣服。dress up化装
8.a lot, a lot of与lots of三者都有“许多,很多”的意思。a lot of, lots of一般用于肯定句,后接可数名词复数或不可数名词;a lot作名词时=a lot of thins,作副词,修饰动词或形容词,副词比较级。
㈣ 英语八年级下册 主要语法知识点
直接引语和间接引语
1.直接引语 直接引用别人的原话叫做直接引语,直接引语通常置于引号内(“引用原话”)。
—“What is it all about?”
—“究竟是什么事呢?”
—“Nothing serious, just a storm in a teacup.”
—“没有什么,大惊小怪而已。”
2.间接引语 用自己的话转述别人的意思,或引用自己说过的话,
都叫做间接引语。间接引语多数用宾语从句来表达。
Mary said that she received a sugar report this morning.
玛莉说她今天早上收到了一封情书。
He said that his hands were quite full at that moment.
他说那时他忙得不可开交。
过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。其形式为was /were + V-ing。常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:last night, last Saturday等;或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。
基本用法
1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
如:He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
2. 用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。
如:I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。
【注】一般过去时也有类似用法,但比较而言,用过去进行时显得更客气,更不肯定。
3. 过去进行时表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩,也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。
如:They were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。
4. 动词be的过去进行时
动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。
比较:He was friendly. 他很友好。(指过去长期如此)
He was being friendly. 他当时显得很友好。(指当时一时的表现)
补充:when 的后面加一般过去时,而且动词是不延续性动词。 while 的后面加过去进行时,动词是延续性动词。
特殊用法
1、当句子意思很清楚时,我们也可以把两个动词都换成一般过去时
We listened carefully while the teacher read the text.
老师读课文时,我们都仔细地听着。
2、表示按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词时,也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。
如:He told me that he was going soon.
他告诉我他很快就要走了。
3、表示故事发生的背景。
It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.
那支医疗小组往前线行进时,天正下着雪。
4、表示一个新的动作刚刚开始。
过去进行时可用来引出一个新的动作,这种用法颇有点儿像镜头转换。
Five minutes later, he stood in the doorway smoking a cigarette.
5分钟后,他已站在门口抽着烟。
5、过去进行时还可和when结构遥相呼应,含有意外之意。
I was walking in the street when someone called me.
我正在街上走时突然有人喊我。
6、用来陈述原因或用作借口。
She went to the doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.
她昨天去看病了。她患了很严重的心脏病。
7、与always, constantly等词连用,表示感情色彩。
The girl was always changing her mind.
这女孩老是改变主意。
常用的时间状语
this morning, the whole morning, all day ,yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while ,at that time,.just now,a moment ago My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself; It was raining when they left the station;吗 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
㈤ 八年级下册英语第一模块知识点归纳
【八年级下册英语第一模块知识点归纳】
I重点句式
Talking about hobbies
1)I collected...when I was.. 当我……时,我收集……
2)I have a collection fo .. 我有……的收藏
3)I spent a lot of money on .. 我在……上花了很多钱
4)What is your hobby? 你的爱好是什么?
5)My hobby is... 我的爱好是……
6)Do you collect...? 你收集……吗?
7)How often do you collect...? 你多久收集……一次?
8)Where do you collect..? 你在哪儿收集……?
9)Why do you enjoy..? 为什么你喜欢……?
10)When did you start doing? 你什么时候开始做……?
【重点语法】
1)掌握简单句的五种基本句式和There be 句型。
2)了解并掌握现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。
【写作要求】
可以参照本单元学过的课文结构模式,并应用上本单元所学的重点词汇、句型和语法内容,写一篇文章来介绍你同学的爱好。 答案补充 词汇……典句……剖析
1.collect v.收集
【经典例句】I like collecting stamps. 我喜欢集邮
【考点聚焦】
1)扩展词:collection n.收藏品;收藏物
2)collect和gather的区别:
gather是常用词,指“收集”“聚集”“集合在一起”
collect指“有计划、有选择地收集”
【活学活用】1.用所给词的适当形式填空
My mother has a _________of stamps.(collect)
答案:collection
【摘自《优化设计》】
㈥ 八年级下册英语知识点
八年级下 Unit1
1. 免费 be free
3. 活到200岁 live to be 200 years old
5. 更少的污染 less pollution
7. 更少地使用地铁 use the subway less
9. 更多的高楼 more tall buildings
11. 十年后 in ten years
13. 住的地方 places to live
15. 住在太空站 live on the space station
17. 住在公寓 live in an apartment
19. 一个人住 live alone/by oneself
21. 去滑冰 go skating
23. 看起来很时髦 look smart
25. 穿着随意 dress casually
27. 实现 come true
29. 在未来 in the future
八年级下 Unit 2
argued with sb. 与某人生气
have an argument with sb.与某人生气
out of style 不时髦的
in style 时髦的
keep out 不让……进入
call sb. up 打电话给……
on the phone 用电话交谈
pay for 付款
part-time job 兼职工作
Teen Talk 青少年论坛
the same as 与…同样的
get on 相处
as much as possible 尽可能多
all kinds of 各种
on the other hand一方面
borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物
found out 找出
is popular at school 在学校受欢迎
except me 除了我
have a quick supper 去吃快餐
not……until 直到……才
try to do 试着去做
complain about doing sth.抱怨做某事
seem to do
comparing…with 把…与…做比较
think for 为…着想
find it +adj.+to do sth.发现做某事很怎样
learn to do 学会做某事
八年级下 Unit 3
barber shop 理发店
get out 出去
take off 起飞
train station 火车站
come in 进来
Beijing International Airport北京国际机场
hear about 听说
take place 发生
World Trade Center世界贸易中心
as…as 和…一样
in front of 在…的前面
clean my room打扫我的房间
sleep late 睡懒觉
make a smooth做思木西
cook dinner 做晚饭
eat lunch 吃中午饭
cut hair 剪头发
have…experience有…经历
in the morning 在早晨
walk down 走下来
very surprised 非常惊奇
souvenir shop 纪念品商店
TV station 电视台
in the museum 在博物馆
climb a tree 爬树
jump down 跳下
take a photo 照相
called the police报警
rode his bicycle 骑自行车
buy a newspaper买一份报纸
run away 逃跑
think about 考虑…做某事
for example 举例子
heard about 听说
having fun 玩的高兴
in silence 在…
told us 告诉我们
in space 在太空
over the world遍及全世界
became famous因…而出名
next to 挨着
1. arrive at/in
2. a TV reporter
3. in front of
4. in the front of
5. get out of
6. sleep late
7. in(at) the library
8. the Museum of Flight
9. buy a souvenir
10. call the police
11. call the TV station
12. call the newspaper
13. take off
14. an unusual experience
15. jump down from
16. take photos of
17. too scared
18. walk to school
19. in the tree
20. on the tree
21. police officer
22. at the doctor’s
23. go shopping( do some shopping)
24. a barber shop
25. on/in the playground
26. ten minutes ago
27. in silence
28. keep silent/quiet
29. take place
30. become a national hero
31. become/be famous for
32. become/be famous as
33. all over the world (in the world)
34. in turn
35. have fun (enjoy oneself)
36. on the moon
37. be murdered
38. be destroyed
39. on this day
40. hear about/of
41. be born
42. cut hair ( have one’s cut)
八年级下 Unit 5
Have a great time玩的高兴
let in ` ```进来
stay at home 呆在家
Help sb. (to) do sth..帮助某人做某事
take away 拿走
ask sb. To sth
At the party 在晚会上
go to college 去大学
be\become famous变的有名
Travel around the world环游世界
make money 挣钱
work hard 努力工作
A professional soccer player
一名职业足球运动员
seem like 看起来像
Make a living 谋生
all over the world世界各地
give money to 捐钱
All the time 一直
for a living 为``````谋生
get injured 受伤
in fact 事实上
Be able to 能够
be going to
spend time 消磨时间
too much 太多
laugh at 笑话某人
go back
In order 为了``````
八年级下 Unit 9
be late for 迟到
look like 看起来象
in order 按顺序
by noon 到中午为止
on the weekend 在周末
have a good day!玩的愉快
looking through 浏览
waiting inline 排队
really low 降低
tell sb. about yourself告诉某人有关你的事
a ball game fan 球迷
be friendly to sb.对某人友好
feel like 感觉像
a friend like you 像你一样的朋友
get along 相处
thanks for 因……而感谢
ask sb. To do sth.要求某人做某事
go with me 和我一起去
think of 想起
leave early 早早离开
at least 至少
be careful 小心
八年纪 下册 Unit 10
most of 大多数
make sb. Laugh让某人笑
like to do 喜欢做某事
like doing
both like 都喜欢
the same like 和``````一样
for me 对我来说
get the job 上班
enjoy doing sth
㈦ 八年级下册英语复习提纲
八年级下册重点语法和短语
Unit 1 Will people have robots?重点语法:一般将来时态的应用 do/does 的一般将来时态形式:(shall/will) do do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态:(shall/will) be done一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句:People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.一般疑问句例句:Will people have robots in a few years?特殊疑问句例句:What will people have in a few years?重点短语:won't = will not they'll = they will she'll = she will he'll = he will I'll = I will fall in love with(sb./sth.) 爱上(某人/某物) be able to do sth. 能够做某事 come true 实现 in the future 未来 hundreds of 数以百计的 thousands of 数以千计的 look for(sb./sth.) 寻找(某人/某物) will → would 情态动词 will 的原形和过去式 may → might 情态动词 may 的原形和过去式Reading Strategy(阅读方法)Look at the title and picture, and predict what you will read about. (看着标题和图片,预知你要阅读那些方面的内容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information. (这样可以帮助你获得一些新的信息。)Unit 2 What should I do?重点语法:过去将来时态(将来时态的委婉说法) do/does 的过去将来时态形式:(should/would) do do/does 的过去将来时态的被动语态:(should/would) be done过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:肯定句例句:You should write a letter to him.否定句例句:You shouldn't write a letter to him.一般疑问句例句:Should I write a letter to him?特殊疑问句例句:What should I do?重点短语:keep sb. out 不让某人进入 What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎么了? out of style 不时髦的;过时的 call sb. up 给某人打电话 pay for sth. 为某事付款 part-time job 兼职工作 the same as = be same (to/with) 与……同样 in style 时髦的;流行的 get on [well] with sb. = get along [well] with sb. 与某人相处(好) didn't = did not couldn't = could not as ... as possible 尽可能……(eg/ as soon as possible 尽快) all kinds of 各种;许多 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 ask sb. not to do sth. 请求某人不要做某事 spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) [in] doing sth. 花钱做某事 sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花钱为了某事 take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人时间做某事 find out 查明 find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事 be angry with sb. 生某人的气 be angry at sth. 生某事的气 the same age as = as old as 与某人年龄一样 have fight with sb. 与某人打架 learn to do sth. 学会做某事 not ... until ... 直到……才…… compare sth.(A) with sth.(B) 把某事(A)与某事(B)作比较 it's time for sth. = it's time to do sth. 到该做某事的时间了 maybe adv. 或许 may be (情态动词 + 动词原形)可能是 shall → should 情态动词 shall 的原形和过去式 pay → paid → paid 动词 pay 的原形、过去式和过去分词Reading Strategy(阅读方法)You will learn to use new words better if you use a learner's dictionary. (时刻学着应用新单词来学习比时刻使用字典这种途径方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want. (在某些你需要的场合下,一本双语字典有时会给你错误的解释。)Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?重点语法:过去进行时态 do/does 的过去进行时态形式:(was/were) doing do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态:(was/were) being done过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式:肯定句例句:I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.否定句例句:I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.一般疑问句例句:Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?特殊疑问句例句:What were you doing when a UFO landed?动词 when 和 while 的选择:when 后加瞬间动词,while 后加延续性动词。例句:The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed. =While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.感叹句结构:(1) How + adj. + the + 主语 + 谓语动词 =(2) What + (a/an) + [adj.] + n. + 主语 + 谓语动词例句:What a beautiful flower [it is]! =How beautiful the flower is! What beautiful flowers [they are]! =How beautiful the flowers are!重点短语:get out 出去;离开 take off 起飞 run away 逃跑;跑掉 come in 进来 hear about = hear of 听说 take place 发生 as ... as 像……一样(eg/ as old as him 像他一样老) anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方 think about 考虑 think of 认为 get up = get out of the bed 起床 at the doctor's 在诊所 every day 每一天 everyday adj. 日常的 most adj. 大部分 the most 最多的 in space 在太空中 national hero 民族英雄 all over the world = in the world 全世界Reading Strategy(阅读方法)The title can be helpful for you to understand a text. (一篇文章的标题可以帮助你理解整篇文章。)It's also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read. (在阅读整篇文章之前,阅读每段的第一句话也是一个很有效的方法。)Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.重点语法:宾语从句结构:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语)例句:----I'm good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句) ----He says I'm good at English.注意:①主句是一般现在时态,宾语从句的时态不受其影响。 例句:He says I'm good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态,宾语从句也要用过去时态。 例句:He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。 例句:Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语,必须用其 -ing 形式。 例句:She said helping others changed her life.重点短语:direct speech 直接引语 reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做) it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说]……(加形容词) context 上下文Reading Strategy(阅读方法)First read for meaning, not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思,不在于文段的细节部分。)You can understand the meaning of a word you don't know from the context. (至于不懂的单词,你可以通过上下文来寻找它的正确释义。)Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time!重点语法:if 引导的条件状语从句结构:主句 + if + 条件状语从句 if + 条件状语从句 + [(comma)] + 主句注意:在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,主句应用将来时态,状语从句用一般现在时态。例句:You'll have a great time if you go to the party. =If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.重点短语:take away 拿走 around the world = all over the world 在世界各地 make a living 谋生 all the time = always 一直 What's the problem? = What's the matter? = What's wrong? 怎么了? in order to do sth. 为了做某事 make sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事(to 省略,该结构是一个不带 to 的不定式。) make sb. adj. 使得某人……(加形容词) make sb. done 使得某人被做 be famous for 为……而出名 be famous as 作为……而出名 in class 在课堂上 spend ...(time/money) on sth. = spend ...(time/money) in doing sth. 花……(时间/钱)用于做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事(强调整个过程) see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事(强调偶然性) say → said → said 动词 say 的原形、过去式和过去分词 tell → told → told 动词 tell 的原形、过去式和过去分词 eat → ate → eaten 动词 eat 的原形、过去式和过去分词 speak → spoke → spoken 动词 speak 的原形、过去式和过去分词Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?重点语法:现在完成进行时态 do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式:have/has been doing do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态:have/has been being done现在完成进行时态所应用的场合:①某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做②过去发生的动作对现在造成影响例:我已上了三年初中。 I have been in Junior School for 3 years. 自从那次他与我谈过心后,我天天都在进步。 I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式:肯定句例句:I have been skating for five hours.否定句例句:I haven't been skating for five hours.一般疑问句例句:Have you been skating for five hours?特殊疑问句例句:How long have you been skating?注意:瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用。例句:你借这本书已经多长时间了? How long have you been keeping this book?
㈧ 八年级下册英语重点语法和短语
英语八年级下册重点语法和短语
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
重点语法(Grammar Focus):1. The Simple Future tense
一般将来时的三种基本结构:
⑴ will +V. ⑵ be going to +V. ⑶ be + Ving
一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句:People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.一般疑问句例句:Will people have robots in a few years?特殊疑问句例句:What will people have in a few years? 一般将来时的时间状语:in + 时间,in the future,next + 时间,与tomorrow 相关的时间,this + 时间,from now on,right now,some day…
2.形容词、副词的比较级用法
重点短语:
1. won't = will not (would) 2. 爱上(某人/某物) fall in love with(sb./sth.) 3. 能够做某事 be able to do sth.(区别于can) 4. (梦想等)实现,成为现实 come true 5. 在未来 in the future(区别in future) 6. 数以百计的hundreds of; thousands of 数以千计
7. look for(sb./sth.) 寻找(某人/某物) 8.. 免费的 be free
9. study at home on computers 在家用电脑学习 10. live to be 200 years old 活到200岁
11. in 100 years 100年以后(in+时间段,用将来时) after 100 years(用于过去时)
100 years from now 一段时间 + from now (从现在起)…之后
12. 做预测 make predictions 13 有更少的空闲时间 h ave less free time
14. fly…to乘坐飞往…fly a rocket to the moon… 15. 放风筝fly a kite
16. 预测未来predict the future 17. (U.) 更少的空气污染less air pollution
18. (制服/套装) wear a uniform/ suit 19. 一场工作面试a job interview
20.更加拥挤 more crowded 21. 住在一幢公寓楼里live in an apartment
22.在太空站on a space station 23. 问题的答案the answer to the question
24.单独居住live alone(区别于lonely) 25. 养一只宠物鹦鹉keep a pet parrot
26.去溜冰 go skating 27. 作为一名记者 as a reporter
28. 穿得更随意些dress more casually 29. see sb. do sth. 看见sb做了或经常做sth
30. (过去或将来)某一天one day 31. 赢得一个奖项 win awards/an award
32. 为自己工作 work for myself 33. may—might
34. one of the biggest movie companies 35. 被某人使用(被动语态) be used by sb:
36. 在太空in space: 37. 去上大学//在大学go to college in college
38. 今后 from now on = in the future 39. 在一周的工作日内ring the week=on weekdays
㈨ 初二英语下册知识点
八年级英语第一单元知识点归纳
1. be scared of sb./sth.
恐惧某人/某物
2. go up 上升,与rise 同义,与go down 或set 相反
3. make a noise 发出声响,吵闹
4. arrive in 到达,表示到达某一城市、国家等大地方时,用介词in;表示到达某一村庄、车站等地方时,用介词at ;到达的地方用副词表示时,可不用介词。
5. not„until„直到„„才„„
6. see„doing„停止做某事
7. go cycling 相当于 go to ride a bike ,意思是去骑车。
8. nit sb. on the head 表示“打某人的头”,表示的“打某人的脸”要用hit sb. in the face 。
9. turn around 转身
10. fall off 摔下来
11. give sb. a push 推某人一下
12. help sb. do sth. = help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
13. get off 从„„下来,通常指下火车、巴士、轮船、飞机等。
14. think about 思考、想起、想到(某人或某事)
15. all day 一整天
16. one by one 一个接一个地,类似有year by year 一年又一年;day by day 一天又一天。
17. hold on 有两个意思,一个是“(电话)不挂断”;一个是“抓紧”。
18. come down 下来
第二单元知识点归纳
1. grow into 长成„„
2. pass sb. sh. = pass sth. to sb. 递给某人某物
3. billions of 数十亿的,hundred, thousand, million , billion等词前面有具体时,其本身用单数形式,直接修饰名词;表示一个笼统的概念时,这些词用复数形式,而且常与介词of连用修饰词。
4. look after = take care of 照顾,照料。
5. be full of满,充满=be filled with
6. be made of/from由„„制成,be made of表示在制成的过程中,原材料没有发生质的变化;be made from 表示在制成的过程中,原材料发生质的变化be made by 被(某人)制造;be made in 在(某地)制造
7. carry away 把„„搬(移)走
8. on the tree 在树上,指的是树上本身的东西,即长在树上;in the tree 也表示在树上,但它所指的是外来的东西,不是树本身的东西。
9. make „into 把„„制成„„
10. half of „„中的一半,当它所指代的是不可数名词时,代表单数,如果half of 后边所接的是可数名词的复数,那么它所代表的也是复数概念。
11. look like 看起来像
12. use „ to do sth.用„„来做„„,其中to do sth. 表示目的和用途。
13. put „ outside /on /into„把„„放在„„的外边/上面/里面
14. turn into 变成;turn„into„
第三单元知识点归纳.
1. play with„„一起玩;拿„„来玩
2. slow down 慢下来
3. come from = be from 来自
4. all kinds of 各种各样的;different kinds of 不同种类的;a kind of 一种
5. protect sb. /sth. against/ from sth. 保护、保卫某人某事物不受„„的侵害。
6. go extinct 灭绝
7. stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事(在主动语态中from可以省略,在被动语态中from不可以省略)
8. make friends with 与„„交朋友
9. take photos of „给某人照相
10. wake up 醒来
11. have a good day 玩的愉快
12. play a joke on „开某人的玩笑,戏弄某人;have a joke with sb. 与某人一起以某事取笑make a joke about/of sb./sth. 拿某人(某事)开玩笑
13. stand still 一动不动地站着
14. get out of 除外走动;get out of sth./doing sth.逃避(责任或义务),不做份内的事,(使某人)放弃、停止或戒除(习惯等)
15. be famous / well-known for 以„„着名,以„„闻名; be famous as 着名的„„
16. get married 结婚
二、词语辨析
1. through ,across穿过
through 指“从里面(中心)穿过”,其含义与in有关,尤指森林、人群等。
across 指“从表面通过”,其含义与on有关
2. nearly , almost 几乎,差不多
almost 表达的程度比
nearly更接近一些。
nearly不能用于修饰否定词,但可被not修饰。
3. above , over 在„„上方
above 是介词,表“在„„上方”,比„„还高”,与below相反。
over 也有“在„„上方”的意思,但是它着重指正上方或盖在上面的意思,而above 并不强调在正
第四单元知识点归纳
1. look into 研究,调查
2. do an experiment 做一个试验
3. fill/cover with用„„把„„装满/盖住;fill in 填上
4. upside down 向下翻转过来
5. right side up 正面朝上
6. turn over 使„„翻转
7. in front of 在„„前面(在范围外);
in the front of 在„„前面(在范围内)
8. on top of 在顶端
9. take sth. off sth. 使某物离开或脱离(一表面或边缘)take off (指飞机等)起飞,匆忙离去;take sth. off (从身上)除掉、脱下(衣物等)
10. be ready for 准备
11. take away 取走
12. be surprised 使惊奇
13. a spoonful of 一匙
14. dissolve in 溶化,溶解
15. half full of 一半
16. use up 用光,用完
17. enough to do sth. 足够„„做某事
二、辨析
1. find , look for , hunt 找
find 强调找的结果,意为“找到”
look for 强调动作过程,“寻找”
hunt, hunt for sb. sth. 意思寻找,寻找某人某物,与look for 同义。
第五单元知识点归纳
1.go to...on foot=walk to...:步行去..
2.Of course.=Sure.=Certainly:当然!
3.take a ship:坐轮船
4.a new type of :一种新型的..
5.high-speed trains高速列车
6.in large numbers大量的
7.had better+动词原形:最好
否定:had better not+动原
8.in a hurry匆忙
9.make presentation:发言;演讲
10.glue sth onto...把某物粘到..上
11.at the front of:在...前面(强调平面空间) in the front of强调立体空间。
12get+形容词=be+形容词:变得..
13.in the future在将来
14.send sb from one place to another place:把某人从一个地方送到另一个地方
15.learn about学习关于
think about思考;考虑
16.present sth to:向..展示某物
第六单元知识点归纳
1.connect to:连接到..
2.hear from sb:收到某人的来信
3.in small groups在小群体中
4.in a short time:在短时间内
5.thousands of:数以千计的
hundreds of数以百计的
6.answer the phone:接电话
7..right now=at once立刻;马上;现在
8.take a message for sb:给某人留口信
9wait a moment:等一下
10.chat on the Internet:网上聊天
11.millions of:成千上万的
12.get/buy sth for sb为某人买某物
13.fail to do sth做某事失败
14.feel like doing sth=want to do sth想要做某事
第七单元知识点归纳
1.be abroad:在国外 go abroad出国
2.pen pal:笔友
3.travel around the world:环游世界
4.four main oceans:四大洋
5.give a report:作报告
6.at the end=finally最后
7.keep doing sth:一直做某事
8.look up:查找
第八单元知识点归纳
1.
pick up:捡起
2. clean up:清理
3.finish doing sth:做完某事
4.throw away:扔掉;乱丢
5.reusable bags:可重复使用的袋子
6.give prizes:颁奖
7.leaking toilet:卫生间渗漏
8.make into:制作成
9.worry about:担心
10.try not to do:试着不要做
11.make the most pollution:造成最大的污染
12.make less pollution:减少污染
13.the next day:第二天
14.take a walk:散步
15.sort into:分类成
16.make out of:用...制造
㈩ 八年级下册英语重点
初中英语语法总结(动词的时态)
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。
例如: I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点
离开家。
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用
一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
例如: I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.
安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行
的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客
观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有:yesterday,
last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
例如: Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。
例如: When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a
warm welcome.
那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。
例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
句型:It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ,
例如: It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
句型:would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。
例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。
例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.
(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2)情态动词 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。
例如: Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing:对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名
词或动名词。
例如: He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,
在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。
11.4 一般将来时
1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,
在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
例如: Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?
2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。
例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
b. 计划,安排要发生的事。
例如:The play is going to be proced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。
例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
看那乌云,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
例如: We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。
例如: He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的
时间状语连用。
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。
例如: If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
如果你要去旅游,你最好一有可能就做好准备
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
如果你脱下衣服,我们将在镜子前帮你穿上新衣服
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或
计划。例如:
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.
明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon.
明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)
11.7 一般现在时表将来
1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时
可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.
汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。
2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3)在时间或条件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
比尔来后,让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时
可以表示将来。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还
存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have(has)+过去分词。
11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1) 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现
在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语
连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October,
just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,
till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already,
recently, lately 等。
3) 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,
teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish,
become, get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争)
He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)
注意:句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)
时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1)It is the first / second time … that… 结构中的从句部分,用现在
完成时。
例如: It is the first time that I have visited the city.
这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.
这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2) This is +形容词最高级+that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。
例如: This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。
注意: 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发
生的状态是可以持续的。
(错)I have received his letter for a month.
(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
11.12 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
例如: I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我住在这儿二十多年了。 (延续)
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。(开始时间)
注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)
注意:用句型转换的方法,很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
11.13 since的四种用法
1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month,
half past six)。
例如: I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在这儿。
2) since +一段时间+ ago。
例如: I have been here since five months ago.
我在这儿,已经有五个月了。
3) since +从句。例如:
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here.
我们走后,变化可大了。
4) It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如:
It is two years since I became a postgraate student.
我考上研究生有两年了。
11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时
间状语连用。例如:
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2) 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句, 表示
"到……,才……"。例如:
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。
再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。
11.15 过去完成时
1) 概念:表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时 以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一
般过去时。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose
等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as。
例如:
He said that he had learned some English before.
他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived
at the party.
汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题 :
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the
office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left
D. were writing, had left
答案D.
"把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意: had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me.
我刚打开门,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。
11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,
多用一般过去时。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。
2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,
用过去完成时。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited. 我听到这个消息后,很兴奋。
3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
老师告诉我们,哥伦比亚在1492年发现美州。
11.17 将来完成时