❶ 英语基础知识,告诉我
第1课: 1、be(是)动词的用法:am接I;is接第三人称单数,即除you、I外;are接表示多个人或事物,即复数。(我是am,你是are,is连接它、她、他,单数is,复数are)。 2、not是表示否定的词:不是的表达,am not,is not(isn’t),are not(aren’t)。 3、“一个”和“几个”的问题:“一个”是a+名词;“多个”是名词后面加s。 4、以元音开头(如O、E等),前面的冠词用an。
第2课: 1、及物动词与不及物动词的区别:及物动词后面接宾语;而不及物动词后面不接宾语。如I like ice cream ,It hurts。 2、主语是he、she、it和单数名词时,动词要发生第三人称的变化,即加s。 3、否定的用法:在动词之前加do not或does not。I、You和复数名词做主语时,否定就用do not;凡是单数名称和he、she、it做主语,否定就用does not。
第3课 1、my(我的)、your(你的)、his(他的)、her(她的)、their(他们的)、our(我们的)、its(它的)+名词,如my love,your love 。 2、名词所有格形式为:名词+’s,表示“„„的”,如Sophie’s world,children’s Day,Japan’s tomorrow。 3、用名词+of+名词,一般用在无生命的名词上,表示“„„的’’,如The sound of music(音乐之声)。
第4课 1、“have”和“there be”翻译成汉语都可以用一个“有”字来表示,但have是指主观的“所有、拥有”,而there be则是指客观的“存在,某处有某物”。 2、There be的单复数变化与be的变化规则相同,取决于后面所接的主语。主语为单数,就变成there is,主语是复数,就变成there are。 3、“have”在第三人称单数时变成“has”。 4、“there be”的否定形式在be后加not,对于have通常直接在它的宾语前加“no”,表示“没有”的意思。
第5课 1、 一般疑问句概念:是可以用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句。 2、 一般疑问句的结构模式:助动词+陈述句形式+? 如:Do you have a car? No, I don’t 或Yes, I do Are you a chicken guy? No , I am not 或Yes , I am Is there any cake in the icebox? No , there isn’t 或 Yes , there is 3、注意:Your boss has a car. Does your boss have a car? 这句中的Has在助动词does提前时,需要改变成原形。 4、在一般疑问句中,表示“一些”的概念时,用Many而不用some。
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第6课1、六个特殊疑问词:what(什么,对什么提问);where(在哪里,对地点提问);why(为什么,对原则提问);when(何时,对时间提问);who(谁,对人提问);how(怎么样,对方式提问)。 2、特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句+?。 3、特殊疑问句回答法:把句中的一般疑问句改为陈述句,再加上被提问部分。 例:Who am I? Who is she? What is her name? Where do you live? How old are you? 你多大了? How old问年龄。 How long is the rope? 这绳子有多长? How long问长度。 How far is it from A to B? 从A至B有多远? How far 问距离。 What many books do you have? 你有多少书? What many 对“可数名词的多少”提问。 What much is the book? 这本书多少钱? What much 问价格 How often do you visit here? 你多久来拜访这里? How often 对“频率”提问。
第7课 1、现在进行时:它是由主语+be动词+实义动词的ing形式构成的,表示现在正在发生和进行的动作。比如:现在我在讲,你在听。就应该说:Now I am talking,You are listing。 2、现在进行时的否定形式:就是在be动词的后面加Not来构成,这点和be动词的否定式是一样的。 3、两种进行时的基本法:一种与Now连用;另一种是与一些表示一段时间的词连用,表示现阶段正在进行的动作。 4、一般情况下,实义动词是可以直接加“ing”的,但有两种特殊的情况是需要有一些变化的。第一种是像put和get这样以一个元音字母加一辅音字母结尾并重读的实义字母,需双写结尾的辅音字母再加ing,就是putting和getting。第二种是以一个元音加e结尾的实义动词,要把“e”去掉,再加ing,如dance(跳舞),come(来)。
第8课 1、动词的过去式:一般的动词后面可直接加“ed”。但是以“e”结尾的动词,直接加“d”;以辅音字母加“y”结尾的词,变“y”为“i”加“ed”;一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的词,且此音节重读,双写结尾的这个辅音字母,再加“ed”。 2、常用过去式时的一些时间状语。 3、过去时的否定和疑问结构。
第9课 将来时的表达 1、主语+will+动词原形,如:You will be rich。 主语+be going to+动词原形,如He is going to buy a car。 2、 否定形式: 主语+will not (won’t)+动词原形,如You will not be rich. 主语+be not going to+动词原形,如Tom is not going to quit smoking. 3、疑问形式: Will +主语+动词原形+? 如,Will you be rich? Be+主语+going to+动词原形+? 如,Are you going to study English?
第10课 一般现在时 1、 一般现在时的含义:进行一般性描述。
2、 动词单数第三人称的变化规则: (1) 当主语是he、she、it和单数名词时,动词要发生第三人称的变化,即在词尾加s; (2) 当主语是复数和you时,动词不发生变化; 3、 一般现在时的否定句:在动词原形前加don’t或doesn’t。 4、 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句: (1) 一般疑问句:把助动词提前; (2) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。
第11课 现在完成时 1、 现在完成时的概念:现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,其结果对现在有影响。 例:Tom has gone out (go的动作发生在过去,对现在有影响) 2、 延续性动词可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用;非延续性动词则不可以。 例:正确说法:The train has been in the station for two hours; 错误说法:The train has stopped in the station for two hours. (这辆火车进站停了两个小时) 延续性动词 非延期性动词 定义 动作有持续性,可以持续一段时间。如:live(居住)就可live一年两年。 运 作在短时间内结束,不能延续。如marry(结婚)就不能marry一年两年。 例词 Listen,play,rain,work Arrive,begin,borrow,finish 3、现在完成时的构成: (1)have(has)+过去分词:Tom has gone out。 (2)现在完成时的否定和疑问形式:否定形式在have、has后加not;疑问形式将Have、has提前,如Has Tom gone out。 (3)过去分词的概念及其变化形式: 概念:它和现在进行时中的“动词的ing形式”一样,只是英语中表达时态的一种固定形式。 变化形式:大多数动词的过去分词的外形和动词的过去式完全一样。只有那些不规则变化的动词,不运词的过去式不一样。具体参照“不规则动词表”。
第12课 过去完成时 1、过去完成时的构成:Had(not)+动词过去分词 例:He had (not) worked there before 1980。 2、八种时代的总结 一般现在时 一般过去式 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 时态的种类及形式: 举例说明:He(他)(work工作) 时态 以时间分 现在 过去 将来 以动词分 一般 进行 完成
完成进行 现在 过去 将来 一般 He works He worked He will work 进行 He is working He was working He will be working 完成 He has workedHe had worked He will have worked 完成进行 He has been working He had working
第13课 情态动词 1、情态动词的概念:Can、May、Could这些词,用法与助动词相似,但是有它们自己的意思。 2、Can的基本用法: (1)表示能、会:I can fly.我会飞。 (2)表示允许:Can I sit here?我能坐在这里吗? (3)表示推测:It can not be true!这不会是真的! 3、May和Could的用法: 表示委婉请求: May I sit here? 我能坐在这里吗? Could I sit here? 我坐在这里,行吗? 情态动词列表: 情态动词 用法 例句 一般疑问句的回答 否定缩略形式 过去式 Can 表示能力,意会“能,会” Can you speak English?(你会说英语吗?) Yes,I can. No,I can’t Can’t could 表示推测,意会“可能” He can’t be so kind.(他不会这么好心) 表示允许,意为“能,可以” Can I sit here?(我能坐在这里吗?) Yes,please. Certainly. No,you can’t No,you mustn’t. Please don’t May 表示允许,意为“能,可以” May I sit here?(我坐在这里,可以吗?) Yes,please. Certainly. No,you can’t. No,you mustn’t Please don’t May not might 表示推测,意为“可能” She may be my teacher.(她可能是我的老师) will Will you„(请为我做„好吗?) Will you turn down the radio a little please?(你能把 收音机关小一点吗) Yes,I will. Sure,All right. No,I won’t. I’m sorry I can’t. Won’t would
shall Shall I„(我要„吗?) Shall I help you?(要我帮你做点事吗?) Yes,thank you. Yes,please. No,thank you. Shan’t should Shall we„(我们一起„吗?) Shall we go swimming?(我们去游泳怎么样?) All right. Yes,let’t go. No,let’s not must 表示必要性,意为“必须,应该,一定要” You must not be late again to tomorrow!(你明天一定不能来晚啊!) Yes,you must No,you needn’t No,you don’t have to Mustn’t 表示推测 Look at his red face,he must have drunk a lot.(看看他通红的脸,他一定又喝了不少酒) They must be palying mah-jong now.(他们现在一定又在打麻将) would Would you„(表示客气请求) Would you trun down the radio a little?(你把声音关小一点,行吗?) That’s no trouble cot all. I’m sorry I can’t. Wouldn’t
第14课 情态动词 1、must用法: (1)表命令:you must not be late again tomorrow!你明天可一定不能迟到! (2)表对现在推测:they must be playing mah-jong now!他们现在一定又在打麻将! (3)表对过去推测:look at his red face,he must have drunk a lot.看看他通红的脸,他一定喝了不少酒。 2、should用法: 表命令:you should come earlier tomorrow!你明天应该早一点来! You should take it easy.你应该从容接受这件事。 3、ought to 的用法: 表命令:you ought to come earlier tomorrow!你明天应该早一点来! 4、will和shall的用法: (1)用will you„结构,表示请求 Will you turn down the radio a little你能把收音机关小一点吗? Will you help me with my English?你能帮我学英语吗? Will you go swimming with me? 你能和我一起去游泳吗? (2)用shall I (we)„结构,提出建议 Shall we go swimming? 我们去游泳怎么样? Shall we play chess?我们下下棋怎么样? 5、would的用法: 它的用法和will相似,只是用来请求更为委婉。 Would you go swimming with me?你和我一起去游泳,好不好?
第15课 反意疑问句 1、反意疑问句的变化方式:
首先找出陈述句里的主谓语;其次,根据相反原则对主谓进行更改,也就是前肯后否,前否后肯;第三将谓提前即可。注意:如果后面是否定形式时,一定得是缩写形式。 反意疑问句只有这两种形式:前面是肯定,后面否定;前面否定,后面肯定。 2、反意疑问句的回答采用“实事求是”的原则,也就是:肯定的答案就是YES+肯定结构;否定的答案就用NO+否定结构。答案要和实际情况相符。这一点和中文的习惯不同。
第16课 祈使句 1、祈使句一般是“对方”说话,句中的动词一律用动词原形。 2、可以用来表达命令,如:Sit down; Stand up 3、表示客气的口吻,可以加please这人词,如please listen to me或listen to me ,please. 4、后面可带附加结构will you 或 wob’t,相当于汉语中的“好吗”,“好不好”,如help me study English,willyou? 5、对第一人称或第三人称提出建议可用Let(表示让,允许)结构,即let+人称代词+动词原形,如let me try。 6、一般祈使句的否定在动词原形的前面加上don’t,如Don’t smoke here,当是Let’t(或let me)时,可以用另外一种否定形式,即let’t(let me)+not+动词原形,如:let’t not waste our time
第17课 感叹句 感叹句用业表达强烈的感情。它可以由感叹词引导,也呆以由某些单词构成,最常见的是what或how引导的陈述句式及其省略形式,How clever the boy is!(这孩子多聪明啊);What a pity!(真遗憾) 此外,一些陈述句加重语气也可以变成感叹句。
❷ 英语的基本知识
单词!! 任何时候··不管你怎么冲刺都是单词最重要! 下面是基本语法知识和考点 一 代数 名词 数词
1 在使用两个以上的人称代词时 顺序是:第二人称 第三人称 第一人称
2 everyone后面不可以跟of短语 every one 就可以
3 以‘名词/动名词+介词(短语)/形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词,它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数 直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数 以‘man 或者woman+名词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数 以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式 如:homework
4 物质名词一般不可数,但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时 几乎都可做可数名词 如:different teas
当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的抽象概念时 其前可加a/an
6 名词所有格要点:必须用’s的场合
1)’s属格用于表示时间,度量衡,价值的名词之后
2)作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加’s
3)人或物为两人共有,在第二个名词后加’s
4)当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物 如商店,住家,教堂,医院等,此名词常省略
5)复合名词在最后一个词后加’s
6)当被修饰的名词后有同位语时,必须用’s
7 当用来表示类别或属性时,要用’s children’s shoes 儿童鞋 , 必须用of的场合
1)名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时
2)以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时
如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时,都不能用复数形式 如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时,须用复数,而且后面加of
8 表示顺序的两种方式:
1)‘名词+基数词’,不用冠词,如Chapter four
2) ’the+序数词+名词‘ 如the Fourth Chapter
9 倍数增减的表示法
1) 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than
2) 倍数+as+形容词/副词+as
3) 倍数+名词
4) 动词+百分比或倍数
5) 动词+to+数词
6) double/triple/quadruple+名词
7) 动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数
10 分数分子为基数词,分母为序数词 分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数
11 百分比后接名词时加of
二 形容词 副词
1)前置修饰语的排列顺序
可以至于冠词前的形容词(all both such) -----冠词,指示形容词,所有格形容词,不定形容词(a an the this your his any some)-----------基数词(one ) 序数词(first)------------ 表示性质,状态,质量的形容词(good useful)--------------表示大小,长短,形状的形容词----------------表示年龄,新旧,温度的形容词------------表示颜色的形容词---------------------表示国籍,产地,区域的形容词-----------表示材料,用做形容词的名词----------动名词,分词
2)后置修饰语 由前缀a-构成的形容词
3)形容词修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等组成的复合不定代词时,必须后置
4)enough作形容词修饰名词时既可放前又可放后,但当它作副词修饰形容词或副词时,必须后置
5)有些形容词本身就有‘比....年长’,‘比.......... 优等的意思 这些形容词后面用介词to 而不用than
6)much too 作为副词短语修饰形容词或副词,不修饰名词
7)more 不能用来修饰比较级
8)与名词连用的more of a .../as much of a.../more of a....意为更像....
9)as much of a...意为称得上,less of a 意为算不上
10)none other than(不是别人,正是)=no other than
11)any/sone/every与other连用时,其后若用可数名词,一般为单数
三 情态动词
1)can 用于否定句cannot(help)but表示不能不,只能(but后跟不带to的动词不定式)
2)must 表示禁止,一定不要时的否定式为mustn’t 当它表示有把握的推断时 意为一定 准是时 它的否定形式为can’t
3)need doing=need to be done 这个句型表示被动意味
4)need not have done sth 表示本来没有必要做某事 (经常考)
四 虚拟语气
从句 主句
1)与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should(第一人称)would(其它人称)+have+过去分词
与现在事实相反 一般过去式(动词be用were) would/should/could/might+动词原型
与将来事实相反 过去式或should/were+动原 would/should/could/might+动词原型
2)It is (high/about/the)time.........谓语动词用过去式 指现在或将来的情况 表示早该做某事而现在已经有点晚了
3)It is the first(second/third)time后的that从句中,谓语动词要用完成体来表示一种经验
4)as if/though 的虚拟要点
1)对当时事实的假设,从句谓语用过去式,be动词一律用were
2)对过去事实的假设,从句谓语用过去完成式
3)对未来事实的假设,从句谓语用would+动词原型
❸ 英语基础知识
英语字母及字母组合发音规则
一. 元音: 单元音:[i:] [ i ] [e] [A] [E:] [E] [B:] [Q] [C:] [C] [u:] [u]
双元音:[ei] [ai] [au] [Eu] [Ci ] [iE] [Z[] [uE]
1. [ i: ] 字母组合:ee:three tree green sheep meet beef see seek week
ea:eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please
e:he she me these
ie:piece receive ceiling field
2. [ i ] 发音字母: i:sit picture it is if list six mix fix fit pig big build
miss milk ship with window begin
y:myth many twenty happy dictionary
e:defect decide delicious
3. [ e ] 发音字母: ea:head bread pleasure ready
e :elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better
bed desk hotel yes well get very step men listen
4. [A] 字母组合: a:bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black
back glad flag shall man stand maths fat
5. [E:] 字母组合:ir:girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird first
ur:turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger hurt
ear:learn earn earth heard
er:term her nerd serve verb
or:work worm worker word world worse
6. [E] 字母组合: er:teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder
or:doctor actor mayor author tractor forget
ou:delicious gracious
ar:familiar collar dollar
o:together tomorrow today Washington control polite
policeman o’clock
a:around account ago elephant banana Canada Japan
China breakfast ability American above
e:hundred student
7. [B:] 字母组合: ar:car farm card arm garden party star
a:fast class last glass plant
are:are
8. [Q] 发音字母: u:up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus cut us luck
but cut
o:come mother brother love above month
ou:trouble rough flourish
oo:blood flood
9. [C:] 字母组合: al:small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
or:short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store
au:author caught autumn auto August
our:four mourn court
ar:warm quarrel quarter
aw:draw saw flaw
ou:bought ought
10. [C] 发音字母: o:hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not dog stop
a:want wash watch what
11. [u:] 字母组合: oo:food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth
school too noodle cool bamboo kangaroo
u:true truth blue
12. [u] 字母组合: oo:look good foot book cook
ou:should could would
u:put full bull pull push
o:woman wolf
13. [ei] 发音字母: a:name cake late gate plane April face take radio space
ay:play say may way today May
ea:great break
ai:rain paint plain
ey:they grey
14. [ ai ] 发音字母: i:bike fine find die nine light night high mine quite like side
y:my try fly eye by Friday why
15. [ au ] 字母组合: ou:house out flour ground account count sound loud
around mouse round about
ow:flower down now cow how town
16. [Eu] 发音字母: o:home cold go no phone host ghost nose
ow:know low below grow blow show flow window yellow
oa:boat coat goal road
17. [Ci] 字母组合: oy:boy toy joy
oi:oil soil voice choice noise join
18. [ iE] 字母组合: eer:beer deer
ear:ear dear near
ere:here
ea:idea
ie:fierce
19. [ZE] 字母组合: ear:pear bear
air:chair air fair hair pair
are:care hare
ere:there where
20. [uE] 字母组合:our:hour tour
oor:poor moor
ure:sure
二. 辅音
1. [ p ] pen pear play pig pour pull push
2. [ b ] book big boot bike bread break
3. [ t ] tree two ten ton town twenty city
4. [ d ] door ll desk dose do dog dictionary
5. [ k ] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky
card cat cream correct climb come account accept
fox box oxygen x-ray
school schele schema
6. [ g ] girl good goal goat grade long language
7. [ m ] man make moon morning move come comb
8. [ n ] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
9. [N] uncle bank English think thank junk
sing king morning evening
10. [l] long land lend lord fly flag black
world cold could goal soul
11. [r] read red right run room write
12. [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
cough laugh rough physic photo phone
13. [v] very evening even every voice vest
of
14. [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)
license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)
licence piece juice science lance space ace (发音字母c,结尾e不发音)
15. [z] zoo zebra zero zap
close nose hose suppose pause those whose
16. [W] think thank three thirty tooth mouth
17. [T] that this those these though
18. [F] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash
19. [ V] pleasure
20. [ h ] hot hop home house horse how who whose
21. [ w ] when what where window wind wood
22. [ j ] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
23. [tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母组合ch)
catch watch match (字母组合tch)
24. [dV] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk
25. [tr] tree country try treat track trunk
26. [dr] dry dream drop drive drink
27. [ ts ] students boots boats goats nuts
28. [ dz ] goods woods moods hoods
三.字母,字母组合音节发音规律
1. a [ ei ]:late private grade bake grape nation station page
[A]:active hand bank fan parent family glad flag
[ E]:accept about above formative machine cinema
[ a: ]:fast last glass class past father
[ C]:wash what watch want
2. e [ i: ]:appreciate extremely previous secret she me he
[ e ]:letter left message generate pebble
[ i ]:decide pretty result restore
[ E]:problem prosperous student confident
不发音:active table late wife store lecture
3. i [ ai ]:high price library ice cream wife size line
[ i ]:fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit
4. o[ Eu ]:lode host cold note okay old home
[ u: ]:lose do who whose prove
[ Q]:love some other mother honey company
[ E]:today tomorrow together control collect
[ C]:lost hot mock office soft honest
5. u [ju:]:university refuse unique universe huge
[u]:put push pull full bull
[Q]:but brush bucket ck bubble
[E]:support suggest
6. c [ k ]:country camp camera courage cable
[ s ]:city ceiling celebrate cell cease
7. g [ g ]:girl grade glass glade bag flag
[dV]:village vegetable bridge gentleman gym
[ N]:long song sing morning evening
8. l [ l ] 读音不同:listen learn language collect English gorilla
world cold soil tall sell cool animal
9. n [ n ]:moon night noodle number
[ N]:uncle hungry angry young
10. r [ r ]:right read write grade progress
[ E ](美语发音):card board door floor form north
11. y [ j ]:yellow year yell young yolk
[ i ]:university country pretty happy
[ai ]:yke dying fly buy by my
12. ai [ei]:rain paint plain
13. air [eE]:air chair fair hair pair
14. al [C:]:ball call hall small talk tall walk wall
15. ar [ a: ]:arm farm card party star garden car mark
[ E]:dollar
[C: ]:warm quarrel quarter
16. are [a:]:are
[eE]:care hare
17. au [C:]:August auto author autumn caught
18. aw [C:]:draw saw flaw
19. ay [ei]:play say may way today May
20. ea [ i: ]:cease season breathe feature meat please eat clean lead
leave speak tea teacher team mean
[ e ]:bread breast breath head meadow pleasure ready weather
[ ei ]:great break
[ iE ]:idea realize
21. ee [ i: ]:beef green meet see seek sheep three tree week
22. er [E:]:term her nerd serve verb
[E]:farmer leader player powder remember speaker teacher
23. ear [E:]:learn earth earn heard
[ iE]:hear near clear dear ear fear
[eE]:bear pear
24. eer [iE]:beer deer
25. er [E:]:deserve serve her person
[E]:teacher driver anger singer
[iE]:serious experience mysterious fierce
26. ere [ iE]:here mere fere sere
[ZE]:there where
27. ey [ei]:may May play say today way
28. ie [i:]:ceiling field piece receive
29. ir [E:]:shirt girl bird first shirt third thirteen thirty skirt
[ aiE]:admire desire
30. oa [Eu]:boat coat goal road
31. oi [Ci]:oil soil voice choice noise join
32. oo [u:]:room tool cool moon noon goof food bamboo cool broom doom gloom
goose kangaroo noodle school too tooth soon afternoon
[u]:good foot stood wood wool cook wood book look classroom bedroom
football
[ Q]:blood flood
33. oor [C:]:door floor
[uE]:poor moor
34. or [C:]:short horse for forty more sport lord form corn born for
[E:]:work world worm word worse worst
[E]:tractor doctor actor sector senior senator
35. oor [C:]:door floor
[uE]:moor poor boor
36. our [auE]:hour tour flour bourn lour
[C:]:pour court four mourn
37. ou [au]:house mouth mouse sound found
[Q]:enough trouble touch
[C:]:bought ought
[u]:could should would
[E]:delicious gracious prosperous
38. oy [Ci]:boy joy toy
39. ow [Eu]:window meadow know show low
[au]:now town how down cow
40. ur [E:]:burger burn hurt murder nurse Thursday turn turtle
41. se [z]:nose suppose gose lose pose rose
[s]:mouse house
42. ch [tF]:chair chicken child china lunch ouch teach teacher
43. th [ W]:thank think thought cloth
[T]:clothes that this then than
44. sh [F]:brush she sheep ship shoe short shoulder shop wash
45. wh [h]:who whose
[w]:what where when wind window wood
46. tch [tF]:catch match watch
47. ds [dz]:hoods goods moods woods
48. ts [ts]:boats boots goats nuts students
49. dr [dr]:dream drink drive drop dry
50. tr [tr]:country track tree treat trunk try
51. ing [iN]:sing king morning evening
52. cial [FEl ]:social special
53. sion [FEn]:propulsion tension progression passion
[VEn]:protrusion provision conclusion television
54. tion [FEn]:station nation translation attention
[tFEn](不常见):question
稍微长了一些,希望能对您有所帮助!
❹ 英语的基础知识
我这有冠词和名词的。
(一)、定冠词the的用法
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法。
Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。
2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。
Open the window please. 请把窗户打开。(双方都知道指的是哪一扇窗户)
3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。
There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.
窗户附近有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女,怀里抱着一个婴儿。
4.指世界上独一无二的事物。
Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon? 太阳、地球和月亮哪一个最大?
5.用在序数词、形容词最高级前。
The first truck is carrying a few baskets. 第一辆卡车装运一些筐。
6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
the Great wall长城,the Summer Palace颐和园,
the People’s Farm人民农场,the Science Museum科学馆
7.用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人。
the rich富人 the poor穷人 the sick病人 the old老人,
the young年轻人 the blind盲人 the dead死人
8.用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。
The Turners are going home on a train. 特纳夫妇在回家的火车上。
9.用在方位词前。
on the left/right在左/右边
in the east/west/north/south在东/西/北/南方
at the back/front of在……的后/前面
10.用在乐器名称前。
Do you like playing the piano or the violin? 你喜欢弹钢琴还是喜欢拉小提琴?
11.用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛及国家和党派名词前。
the East China Sea 东海the Huai River 淮河
the Jinggang Mountains 井冈山the United States of American 美国
12.用在某些固定词组中。
all the same 仍然all the time 一直
all the year round 一年到头at the age of 在……岁时
at the beginning of 起初; 开始at the end of 在……的尽头/末尾
at the entrance of 在……门口at the foot of 在……脚下
at the head of 在……的前面at the moment 此刻
at the same time 同时by the side of 在……附近
by the time 到时候by the way 顺便说
catch the post 赶上邮班do the shopping/washing 买东西/洗衣服
give...the message 捎口信给……go to the classroom 去教室
in the end 最后;终于in the hat 戴帽子的
in the middle of the day 中午in the morning/afternoon / evening 在上午/下午/晚上
in the open air 在户外;在野外jump the queue 不按次序排队
lead the way to 引路;指路look the same 看起来很像
on the earth 在地球上tell the truth 说实话
the day after tomorrow 后天the day before yesterday 前天
the high jump 跳高the long jump 跳远
the next day 第二天the next year下一年
the people 人民the starting line起跑线
不用冠词的情况
1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。
I’m going to England next week for a holiday.下周我将要去英国度假。
2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词my, your, his, her等;指示代词this/ these, that/those; 不定代词some, any等及所有格限制时。
The letter is in her pocket. 信在她的衣袋里。
3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。
My father and mother are teachers. 我的父亲和母亲是教师。
4.在星期、月份、季节、节日前。
The best time to come to China is in spring or autumn. 到中国来的最好时间是春季或秋季。
Today is Thursday, September 10th, Teacher’s Day. 今天是九月十日,星期四,教师节。
[注意] 如果月份、季节等被一个限定性定语修饰,则要加定冠词。
He joined the Army in the spring of 1982.他在1982年春季参军。
5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。
Happy Teachers’ Day, Miss Zhao!
Here it is, Mom!
6.在学科名称、三餐饭和球类运动名称前。
I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject. 我认为汉语比其它学科更普及。
Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球吗?We are going to play football. 我们去踢足球。
[注意]I can see a football.(指足球,并非“球类运动”)
Where’s the football.
7.某些固定词组中不用冠词。
①与by连用的交通工具名称前
by bus, by car, by bike, by train, by air/plane, by sea/ship
②名词词组
day and night, brother and sister, hour after hour, here and there
③介词词组
at home在家in surprise惊奇地
at noon在中午on foot步行
at night在晚上on ty值日
at work在工作on time准时
for example例如on business经商
in school在上学on holiday在度假
in class在上课on show展览
in hospital在住院on top of在……顶部
in bed在床上
④ go短语
go home回家go to bed上床睡觉
go to school去上学go to work去上班
go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼
参考资料:http://..com/question/12072440.html?fr=qrl3
名词:
不知道你是初中生,还是高中生,下面的资料几乎全面讲述了可数名词和不可数名词,如果是高中生,相信会收获颇丰的,如果是初中生,就适当选择阅读。
名词是表示人或物的名称的词,可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。普通名词由表示某一类人或物的个体的个体名词、表示由若干个体组成的集合体的集体名词、表示无法分为个体的实物的物质名词、以及表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念的抽象名词组成;专有名词则是个人、地方、机构、组织等所专有的名称。
1.1 可数名词与不可数名词(Countable nouns and uncountable nouns)
从词的形式来看,英语名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。可数与不可数是英语名词的最基本类别。一般说来,个体名词是可数名词;物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词是不可数名词;集体名词则有的可数, 有的不可数。
1.1.1 可数名词与不可数名词(Countable nouns and uncountable nouns)
a. 可数名词有单、复数形式,单数形式可用a/ an; 不可数名词没有复数形式,单数形式前不用a/ an,但可用the或不用。例如:
Tom is a little boy.
There are 20 boys in our class.
Fish and poultry are usually not called meat.
I'll pay for the meat.
b. 名词的数影响句子中与之有关的谓语动词、限定词等。例如:
There are many/ some/ a lot of/ (a) few people in the park.
There are not many/ any people in the park.
There is much/ some/ a lot of/ (a) little/ a great deal of/ a fair
amount of water.
There is not much/ any water.
c. 下列名词常用作不可数名词:
accommodation, advice, baggage, behavior, bread, cash, cloth,clothing, coal, equipment, fun, furniture, grass, harm, information, ink, knowledge, labour, laughter, leisure, luck, lightning, living, luggage, machinery, meat, money, news, paper, permission,
popularity, progress, rice, scenery, soap, sugar, tea, traffic, travel, trouble, thunder, weather, work等。
1.1.2 可数名词与不可数名词之间的相互转化(Conversion of uncountable into countable and countable into uncountable) 可数名词与不可数名词在一定条件下可以相互转化。
a. 物质名词一般是不可数的,但用来表示具体、个别事物,或表示各种不同品种时,通常是可数的,如different coffees,
various soaps。再看以下例子:
Do you care for tea?
Long-jing is a well-known tea.
We were not allowed to buy wine at lunch time.
I like wines.
b. 抽象名词一般是不可数的,但当它前后有修饰语表示"某一种"或"某一方面"的抽象概念时,其前可加a/ an。例如:
A good map would be a help.
It was a relief to sit down.
He had a good knowledge of mathematics.
c. 某些物质名词或抽象名词用作复数时,词义往往起变化。例如:
Light(光)travels faster than sound.
The lights(灯)are on.
He is a teacher of five years' experience(经验).
He is relating to us his experiences(经历)as an explorer.
d. 有些集体名词,如audience, committee, class, couple, crew,
family, team, government, jury, party, public等,既可作单数,
又可作复数。把集体视为一个整体时,用作单数;指该集体
的各个成员时,用作复数。例如:
The audience is enormous.
The audience are enjoying every minute of the play.
His family is small.
My family are all doctors.
1.2 复数(Plural)
1.2.1 英语名词的复数构成(Formation of the plural of English nouns)
a. 英语可数名词的规则复数形式,是在词尾加-s。例如:
desks, maps, lakes, workers, fields, days, miles, pages, horses
b. 如词尾为ch, sh, ss或x,在词尾加-es。例如:
church→churches, bush→bushes, class→classes, box→boxes
c. 如词尾为-f或-fe,一般变为-ves; 有的加-s即可;而有的
则既可变为-ves,又可只加-s。例如:
calf→calves, half→halves, knife→knives, leaf→leaves,
life→lives, loaf→loaves, self→selves, shelf→shelves,
thief→thieves, wife→wives, wolf→wolves;
belief→beliefs, chief→chiefs, roof→roofs, safe→safes,
handkerchief→handkerchiefs;
hoof→hooves/ hoofs, scarf→scarves/ scarfs,
wharf→wharves/ wharfs
d. 如词尾为-y,则变y为i,再加-es。例如:
party→parties, factory→factories, family→families
e. 如词尾为o,有的加-es;有的加-s;有的则既可加-es,又可只加-s。例如:
echo→echoes, hero→heroes, potato→potatoes,
tomato→tomatoes;
radio→radios, piano→pianos, photo→photos, zoo→zoos;
buffalo→buffalo(e)s, cargo→cargo(e)s, mosquito→mosquito(e)s,
volcano→volcano(e)s
f. 表示字母、数字及其它词类的复数时,词尾常加-'s,有时只加-s。例如:
Her J's look like T's.
Since the beginning of the 90's, the town has changed a lot.
Don't interrupt me with your buts.
g. 一些不规则变化的名词复数形式:
child→children, foot→feet, goose→geese, man→men,mouse→mice, ox→oxen, tooth→teeth, woman→women
h. 有些以-s结尾的名词通常只有复数形式:
scissors, goods, trousers, clothes, pants, spectacles;belongings, findings, savings, surroundings;contents, mumps, measles, stairs
i. 有些集体名词用作复数:
cattle, police, people, militia, poultry
1.2.2 源自希腊文或拉丁文的外来词(Words of Greek or Latin origin)
一些外来词有以下的复数变化形式:
a. 词尾-is变成-es: analysis→analyses, basis→bases,crisis→crises
b. 词尾-um变成-a:
curriculum(课程)→curricula, datum(资料,数据)→data, medium(媒体)→media
c. 词尾-on变成-a:
criterion(标准)→criteria/ criterions , phenomenon→phenomena
d. 词尾-us变成-i:
nucleus→nuclei, stimulus→stimuli, syllabus(教学大纲)→syllabi
e. 词尾-a变成-ae:
antenna(天线)→antennae/ antennas,
formula(准则,公式)→formulae
f. 词尾-ix/ -ex变成-ices:
appendix(附录)→appendices, index(索引)→indices/ indexes
1.2.3 具有两种不同意义的复数形式(Two forms of the plural with
differentiated meaning)
有些名词的复数具有两种不同意思,一个与单数的意思相同,另一个则为别的意思。例如:
arms手臂(复数);武器
customs习惯(复数);关税
minutes 分钟(复数);记录
1.2.4 单数形式(Singular form)
a. 有的名词单复数同形:
Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep, means, series, species,以及jin
(斤)、li(里)、yuan(元)等汉语译名。例如:
one sheep/ two sheep
b. 有些以-s结尾的学科名词或国名,作单数用:
phonetics(语音学),physics,optics(光学),politics;
the United States, the United Nations, the Netherlands等。
c. 有些和数词连用的名词,表示复数时仍保持单数形式:
a ten-pound baby, a twelve-foot pole, two dozen eggs,
three million dollars
1.2.5 复合名词(Compound nouns)
a. 句法复合名词的复数形式:
1)词尾加-s: bedrooms, bookcases
2)前后两个名词均需变为复数:
manservant→menservants, woman doctor→women doctors
3)少数复合名词可在第一或第二个词后加-s:
attorney general→attorneys general/ attorney generals
4)名词后加-s:
looker-on→lookers-on, son-in-law→sons-in-law
5)词尾加-s: grown-up→grown-ups,sit-in→sit-ins
6)动词-ing形式后加-s: coming-in→comings-in
b. 衔头、称谓的复数形式:
the two Browns, Drs.William and Henry Brown
1.3 单位名词(Unit nouns)
单位名词用来表示不可数名词的个体性,即使之能以个数计算;也能与可数名词搭配表示"一双","一群"等意义。除了搭配能力很强的piece和bit以外,还有表示形状、容积、重量以及表示成双、成群的单位名词。例如:
a piece/ bit of advice/ bread/ information/ news;
a bar of chocolate/ a cake of soap/ a loaf of bread/ a pack of cigarettes;
a bag of flour/ a basket of fruit/ a pound of butter/ a yard of fabric;
a couple of players/ a flock of birds/ a pair of shoes/ a swarm of bees等。
1.4 名词属格(Genitive nouns)
英语名词有两种属格:-'s属格和of-属格。例如:
What is the school's name?
What is the name of the school?
1.4.1 -'s属格和of-属格(-s genitive and of genitive)
a. 两种属格表示的意义
1)所有关系:
Mr Brown's suitcase (相当于Mr Brown has a suitcase.)
the trunk of an elephant (相当于An elephant has a trunk.)
2)主谓关系:
Dr Smith's answer (相当于Dr Smith answered---)
the claim of the buyers (相当于The buyers claimed---)
3)动宾关系:
the boy's punishment (相当于--- punished the boy.)
the occupation of the Island (相当于--- occupied the island.)
4)事物的来源:
the girl's story (相当于a story told by the girl)
the laws of Newton (相当于the laws advanced by Newton)
5)事物的类别:
a doctor's degree (相当于a doctoral degree)
women's magazines (相当于magazines for women)
6)同位关系:
the city of New York (相当于New York is a city.)
the pleasure of meeting you (相当于Meeting you is a pleasure.)
7)其它:
10 days' absence/ an absence of 10 days
(相当于The absence lasted 10 days.)
parts of the problem
(相当于The problem is divisible into parts.)
b. -'s属格的使用:
1)主要用于表示有生命的名词,如women's clothes, the horse's
mouth等。
2)用于国家机关、社团及一些地理名称,如the government's
plan, Europe's future等。
3)用于交通工具等,如the ship's bell, the car's engine 等。
4)用于表示时间、距离、价值和重量的名词,如a moment's
thought, seven hours' walk, six dollars' worth, two tons' weight
等。
5)常用于一些习惯用语中,如in my mind's eye, in life's
struggle等。
c. of-属格的使用:
主要用于表示无生命的名词,如the events of the decade, the
door of the hut等。
d. -'s属格的省略:
-'s属格后的名词有以下情况可以省略:
1)被修饰名词在句中已出现过,例如:
His car is faster than his father's (car).
2)被修饰名词表示某人的家,例如:
The doctor's (house) is on the other side of the street.
3)被修饰名词表示教堂、学校等公共建筑物,例如:
Joe lives near St. Paul's (Cathedral) in London.
4)被修饰名词表示某家店铺,例如:
Pickled vegetables are available at the grocer's.
1.4.2 双重属格(Double genitive)
兼有两种属格结构的后置修饰语叫做双重属格。
a. 双重属格用来表示的所有关系是人,不是物。例如:
a/ any friend of mine (=one/ any of my friends)
some daughters of Mrs Green's
(=some of Mrs Green's daughters)
two novels of Dickens' (=two of Dickens' novels)
上面的例子说明,双重属格可用a, any, some 及数词等修饰of
短语前面的名词,但不能用the,如不能说" the daughters of
Mrs Green's"。
b. 双重属格还常用this,that,these 和those 修饰of短语前面的名词, 以表示爱憎褒贬等情感。例如:
this idea of yours
that remark of David's
these shoes of my sister's
those dirty hands of Peter's
❺ 英语基本知识有哪些(最基本)
单词 和 语法 一、英语语句基本结构分析: 主谓宾结构: 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等 例:The boy needs a pen.主语the boy,谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式),宾语a pen. 主系表结构: 主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。 联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。 表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。 感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻 例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy There be 结构: There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’ 试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。 二、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。 形容词作定语: The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。 Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。 There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。 数词作定语相当于形容词: Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。 There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。 代词或名词所有格作定语: His boy needs Tom's pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。 There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。 介词短语作定语: The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。 名词作定语: The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。 It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。 There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。 副词作定语: The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。 The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。 不定式作定语: The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。 The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。 There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。 分词(短语)作定语: The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。 The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。 There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。 定语从句: The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。 The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。 There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。
采纳哦
❻ 初中英语应该掌握的基本知识【全部】
1. welcome to s.p. 欢迎到……
2. welcome here. 欢迎到这儿。
3. welcome there. 欢迎到那儿
4. welcome home. 欢迎到家里来。
5. be going to do sth. 打算做……
6. have fun doing sth. 愉快地做……
7. call one’s name 点名
8. It doesn’t matter. 没关系.
9. on time 准时
10. Thursday, September 10th 9月10日,星期四
11. a card for sb. with one’s best wishes
送给…的卡片,致以某人最良好的祝愿.
12.Thank you for teaching us so well. 谢谢你教我们教得这么好.
13.Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助.
14.Thank you for your hard work ! 谢谢你的辛勤工作.
15.Best wishes for Teachers’ Day ! 致以教师节最良好的祝愿 !
16.We wish you a Happy Teachers’ Day. 我们祝你教师节愉快 !
17.want sb. to do sth. 要某人做某事
18.give a talk to sb. = give sb. a talk 给某人做报告
19.give a talk to sb. about sth. 给某人做有关…的报告
20.in class 在课堂上
21.think about … 考虑……
22.have an idea 有了一个主意
23.talk about … 谈论有关……
24.the difference between…and… …… 和……之间的区别/不同
25.That’s a good idea. 那是个好主意.
26.full name 全名
27.given name 起的名字
28.first name 名字
29.middle name 教名
30.family name 姓
31.last name 姓
32.for example 例如
33.to many people 对许多人来说
34.the meaning of … ……的意思
35.use sth. with sth. 把…和…一起使用
36.be different from sth. 与…之间的不同
37.be short for… 简称为……
38.call….sth.forshort 把…简称为… **
39.in English-speaking countries 在讲英语的国家
40.one’s close friend 某人的密友
41.What is the difference between…and…? … 和…之间的不同点是什么?
42.such as… 象……
43.of course 当然
44.I’m not sure. 我不清楚.
45.I’m afraid I’ve no idea. 恐怕我不知道.
46.know a lot about sth. / sb. 非常了解某事/某人
47.I’m going to the shop. 我打算去买东西.
48.buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth. 给某人买某物
49.make sb. a card 制作一张卡片
50.give sb. one’s best wishes 向某人致以最良好的祝愿
51.wish sb. a Happy Teachers’ Day 祝愿某人教师节愉快
52.try to do sth. 尽力做某事
53.try doing sth 试做某事
54.the students at school 在校的学生
55.sound like sth. 听起来象…
56.sound + adj. 听起来…
57.have to do sth. 不得不做…
58.many times 许多次
59.not…any more 不再…
60.ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事
61.think of … 想/想起…
62.a waste of time 浪费时间
63.say sth. with a laugh 大笑着说… ***
64.right now 就在现在
65.email sb . 给某人发电子邮件
66.write one’s email 写电子邮件
67.than before 比以前
68.on a …trip 在…的旅行期间
69.go on a …trip 去…的旅行
70.take / make / have a trip 去…的旅行
71.study about… 学习…
72.of course当然
73.go shopping / swimming / boating / skating / 去买东西/去游泳/去划船/去滑冰
walking / climbing / dancing / hiking / 去散步/去爬山/去跳舞/去远足
sight-seeing / house-hunting / hunting / 去观光/去找房子/去打猎
shooting / cycling 去射击/去骑车
74. agree with sb. 同意某人
75.a kind of … 一种的…
76.some kinds of … 一些种类的…
77.( many ) different kinds of … (许多)不同种类的…
78.go to the mountain 去爬山
79.have a field trip 去野外旅行
80.go on a picnic 去野餐
81.next holiday 下一个节日
82.the day after tomorrow 后天
83.on one’s field trip 在野外旅行中
84.hike to s.p. 徒步旅行到…
85.on the top of the… 在…的顶上
86.have a picnic 去野餐
87.have a problem doing sth. 做…有一个难题
88.have some problems ( in ) doing sth.做… 有一些困难
89.go / hike the wrong way 走/旅行错了路
90.start / begin to do sth. 开始做某事
91.trip over sth. 被…绊倒
92.get sb. to s.p. 把某人带到…
93.Hurry up ! 赶快
94.I’m tired. 我很累了.
95.tie one’s shoes 给某人的鞋子绑鞋带
96.I’m going to die. 我快死了. ***
97.pour water 倒水
98.the first one to s.p. 达到…的第一人/最先达到…的人
99.go to the party 去参加晚会
100.go this way 这边走
101.That’s the wrong way. 那是条错路.
102.It takes too long. 它太花时间了.***
103.take sb. doing sth 带领某人做某事
104.at that time 在那时
105This is going to be fun. 这将很有趣
106.See you then. 到那时见.
107.fall into the lake 跌进湖里
108.feel like… 觉得…
109.take sth. with sb. 带上…
110.get to s.p.达到…
111.have a lot of fun hiking 有许多有趣的旅行
112.the coming field trip 即将到来的野外旅行
113.go to s.p. for a field trip 到…去进行野外旅行
114.be far from … 远离…***
115.put sth. in order 有秩序地放好…
116.have a good drink 大喝一顿
117.take sth. out of … 把…拿出来
118.eat a lot 大吃一顿
119.The more, the merrier. 越多,越高兴.
120.Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节
121.on Mid-autumn Day 在中秋节
122.be free = have time 有空
123.be free to do sth. 有空做……
124.eat/have a big dinner/lunch/supper 吃一餐丰盛的饭/午饭/晚饭
125.a small round cake with nuts and meat 有坚果和肉馅的小圆月饼
126.something sweet 甜的东西
127.at the store 在商店里
128.at this time of day 在白天的这个时候
129.Would you like / love to do sth ? 你想要做……吗?
130.Yes, I’d like / love to. = Yes, I’d like / love that. = OK. = All right.
131.come over to s.p. ( for sth. ) 过到……来( 做……)
132.That’s good. 太好了!
133.an e-mail from Lucy to her friend in the USA
一个露茜发往她在美国的朋友的电子邮件
134..know about… 了解……
135.know more about sth. 更多的了解……
136.know a lot about … 非常了解……
137.get together 聚集在一起
138.get sth together 把……放在一起
139.eat / have a big dinner 吃一餐丰盛的饭
140.taste a little like … 尝起来有点象……
141.in the open air 在户外
142.look bright and round 看起来既圆又亮
143.Thanks for asking us. 谢谢你邀请我们.
144.Thanks for having us for dinner 谢谢你邀请我们吃晚饭
145.a little hungry 有点饿
146.have a taste ( to sth. ) 尝一下……
147.not … any more 不再……
148.ring the festival 在节日期间
149.of all 在所有当中
150.of us all 在我们所有的人当中
151.of the three 在我们三人当中
152.What….for ? 为了……?
153.Let’s take this one. 让我们买这个吧.
154.be free 有空
155.Good night ! 晚安.
156.come for one’s Thanksgiving dinner 来吃感恩节晚餐
157.much bigger 大得多
158.a little older 小一点
159.have a lot to eat 有许多东西吃
160.we each = each of us 我们每个人
161.welcome to s.p. 欢迎到……
162.smell good 闻起来很香
163.be thankful for sth./sb. 对……表示感谢
164.have to do sth. / has to do sth. 不得不做
165.feed the animals 喂养动物
166.some sheep 一些羊
167.on the farm 在农场
168.in the country 在乡下
169.in town 在城镇
170.in the fields 在田地里
171.in the city 在城里
172.walk slowly 慢慢的走
173.use sth. to do sth. 用 … 来做…
174.do farm work 干农活
175.hear sb. / sth. doing sth. 听 … 在做…
hear sb. / sth. do sth. 听 … 做完…
agree with sb. 赞成; 同意
agree to sth. 同意做…
❼ 英语基本知识
一 作主语 To see is to believe.
1. It be adj. \ n. to do sth.
It’s good to see you.
It’s difficult to learn maths well.
2. It takes sb. some time to do sth.
1 跳舞非常有趣。To dance is a lot of fun.=
2 种些植物是非常有必要的。To grow plants is very important.=
3 说英语对我来说并不容易。To speak English is not easy for me.=
4 听到你的声音真高兴。To hear your voice is so nice.=
二 作表语
To see is to believe.
他的愿望是成为一名医生。His wish is to be a doctor.
1 我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。
My work is to clean the room every day.
2 最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿。
The best plan is to leave at once.
3 我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。My dream is to be a scientist.
三 作宾语 (v. + to do )
I want to buy a computer.
She hopes to find a better job.
I wish to go with you.
need to do learn to do agree to do
plan to do decide to do refuse to do
begin to do start to do try to do
forget to do remember to do like to do
stop to do go on to do
1 他想借用我的录音机。He wants to borrow my radio.
2 他们开始读和写。They began to read and write.
3 李琳喜欢玩什么?她喜欢踢足球。What sports does Li Lin like to play? She likes to play soccer.
4 你长大了想做什么?What do you want to be when you grow up?
四 作宾语补足语:(v. + sb. + to do )
She asked me to help her.
The teacher told him to come on time.
Edison’s mother taught him to read and write.
want sb to do wish sb to do
get sb to do order sb to do
find sb to be like sb to do
would like sb to do help sb (to) do
1 他要求我再大声点儿。She asked me to speak louder.
2 Lucy告诉他不要哭。Lucy told him not to cry.
3 吉姆告诉李明由衷地祝福每个人。Jim told Li Ming to give his best
wishes to everybody.
4 他让我再做一次。He let me do it again.
作宾语补足语不带to 的情况:
Let him do it.
I saw him cross the street.
常见动词有:
使役动词: let, make, have
感官动词: see, watch, hear, feel, listen to
比较: I heard her singing in the next room when I came in .
I heard her sing in the next room last week.
五 作状语 (adverbial):
He came to show me his new CD player. (目的)
I went there to see my teacher. (目的)
She came back to get her English book. (目的)
The boy was too frightened to move. (结果)
I am glad to see you. (原因)
I’m sorry to trouble you. (原因)
六 作定语(后置)
Have you get anything to say?
He’s looking for a room to live in?
She has no clothes to wear?
(这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是不及物动词,介词不能省略)
Give me something to drink.
I have two books to read.
They have much food to eat.
He asked for a room to live in.
I don’t have a pen to write with.
The ice is hard to skate on.
He bought a toy to play with.
1 我有许多书要看。I have many books to read.
2 她有几个问题要问。She has a few questions to ask.
3 他有一台电视要修。He has a TV set to repair.
4. 我没什么可担心的。I have nothing to worry about.
5.他是一个值得信赖的人。He is a man to believe in.
6 爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。Edison was the first man to invent the lights.
7 他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。His sick mother has three months to live at most.
七 不定式与疑问词连用
常用动词有: ask know learn teach tell understand等。
疑问词who, what, which, where, when, how
加to do可构成不定式短语,在句中可用作主语、
宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。
When to start has not been decided.
I don’t know what to do.
He can tell you where to get the book.
The question is who(m) to ask.
构成形式 作用 例 句
who
what
which
how 等+to do
where
when 主语 When to start has not been decided.
表语 The question is where to go.
宾语 I don’t know how to do.
宾补 Nobody told us what to do.
❽ 英语基础知识有哪些呢
英语基础知识有如下:
1、字母:英文有26个字母,分成5个元音字母 a,e,i,o,u 和其余的21个辅音字母。
2、音素:音素是英语读音的最小单位。英语有22个元音音素和28个辅音音素。
3、音素字母:音素字母是音素的标记符号,根据英语读音规则,精选50个字母和字母组合,代表50个音素。传统的英语学习方法是用国际音标或K.K.音标来标记音素。比如前元音长音的标记符号,国际音标[i:],K.K.音标[i] ,音素字母[ee]。
4、音节:音节是读音的基本单位。元音是音节的主体,元音和它前面的辅音构成不间断音,在朗读时不能间断。任何单词的读音,都是分解为一个个音节朗读。音节分成重读音节、次重读音节和轻读音节。
1)、重读音节:按重读音节的读音规则读音,重读的音节。
2)、次重读音节:按重读音节的读音规则读音,但不重读的音节。
3)、轻读音节:按轻读音节的读音规则读音,不重读的音节。
在重读音节和次重读音节中,根据元音字母 a,e,i,o,u 的读音,划分以下5种音节类型:
(1)、开音节:有三种开音节,一种叫绝对开音节,即在元音字母后没有辅音字母,如:we
我们,no不。第二种叫相对开音节,即在元音字母后有一个辅音字母(r除外),还有一个不发音的字母e,如:name名字,like象。第三种是一个元音字母后有一个不发音的e。如:die死,keep保持。
(2)、闭音节:元音字母后有辅音字母(r除外)构成的音节。如map 地图,bed 床。
(3)、-r音节:元音字母与辅音字母-r结合构成的音节。如:car 汽车,park 公园。
(4)、-re 音节:元音字母与 -re 结合构成的音节。如:care 照料,here 这里。
(5)、元音字母组合音节:由元音字母和元音字母组合。如:wait 等候,tea 茶。 辅音字母在单词中的读音不分音节类型,读字母读音的辅音,如:b[bee]读[b],f[ef]读[f]。
❾ 英语最基础知识
这一两句话说不清,http://www.eestars.com/8801down/New_download.asp?softid=11472 不嫌麻烦的话下一个《薄冰语法》看看吧,挺浅显的。
❿ 英语基础知识有哪些
英语基础知识有如下:
1、字母:26个字母的大小写
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ,abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz。
2、语音:元音的发音
五个元音字母:AEIOU。
12个单元音:
前元音:[i:] [ɪ] /e/ [æ]。
中元音:[ɜ:] [ə]。
后元音:[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u :] [ʊ] [ʌ]。
双元音(8个) 合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi] 集中双元音(3个) [iə][εə][uə]。
3、词汇:词汇量,近反义词。
4、句子:大小写,标点符号。
学习英语的方法有:
1、积累词汇。如果你是学生,可以通过英语课程,让老师帮助你了解英语的基础知识和思维方式。如果你是自学者,可以通过网络视频,根据视频上的内容了解英语的基础知识等。并且需要购买一本中英的英语词典,让你在学习英语的前期掌握足够的英语词汇。
2、学习语法。学习语法的目的,是为了可以更好地进行听说读写等语言实践活动。也就是说,通过对语法规则规律的掌握,减少在语言实践练习中的盲目性,提高语言的准确性。
3、多读、多背、多写。因为学习语言需要对我们的各种感观进行刺激,每天至少看 60-120分钟的英语,早晨和晚上是学英语的最好时间。