A. 少儿日常英语口语知识
导语：英语是一个交际语言，那么，孩子们的英语学习，就在交际中完成吧，不要仅仅让孩子们学习英语，还要注意多和孩子们进行英语的交流，不仅提升孩子们的英语学习兴趣，同时，还能让孩子们的口语能力不断提升。接下来我整理了少儿日常英语口语知识精选，文章希望大家喜欢!
(一)Praise and Thank 表扬，感谢。
1.You are beautiful! 你真漂亮!
2.You are clever! 你真聪明!
3.You are good! 你真棒!
4.Great! / Good! / OK! 好。
5.Very nice! 非常好!
6.Happy New Year! 新年快乐!
7.Happy birthday! 生日快乐!
8.Merry Christmas! 圣诞快乐!
9.Thank you very much! 非常感谢你!
10.Wonderful! 太棒了!
11.I am the winner! 我是胜利者!
12.I am the first! 我是第一名!
13.You are beautiful! 你真漂亮!
14.You are welcome! 欢迎你!
15.How beautiful! 多美呀!
16.How funny! 多有趣呀!
17.Wow! It's so nice! 哇!它太好了。
18.It's a nice day!这是一个很好的一天
19.Oh,my god/goodness!哦,我的上帝
20.Wow! It's so nice/lovely!哇!它太棒了/太可爱了!
21.Nice girl/boy. 好女孩/男孩。
22.You are so sweet.你是非常可爱的
23.You look very smart. 你看起来非常聪明。
24.I wish you a Merry Christmas! 我祝你圣诞快乐!
25.I wish you a Happy New Year! 我祝你新年快乐!
26.Miss Li, you are very beautiful! 李老师你真漂亮!
27.How beautiful your clothes are! 你的衣服是多麽的漂亮呀!
(二)Apology 道歉。
1.I am sorry. 对不起。
2.Never mind. 没关系。
(三)Washing and Eating 洗浴进餐
1.I want to go to the toilet.我想上厕所。
2.Can I go to toilet?我能上厕所吗?
3.you go first. 你先去
4.Brush your teeth. 刷牙。
5.Wash your face. 洗脸。
6.Use soap to wash your hands. 用香皂洗手。
7.Dry your hands with your towel. 用毛巾把手擦干。
8.Turn the tap off, when you have down. 洗完手后，把水龙头关了。
9.Show me your hands, are they clean/dirty? 让我看看你的手干净了吗?/脏吗?
10.Show me your nose/hands/head. 给我看看你的鼻子/手/头。
11.I have done my hands.我洗过手了
12.I'm the helper.我是值日生。
13.Are you thirsty?/Are you hungry? 你渴吗?/你饿吗?
14.I am hungry. 我饿了。
15.What's for lunch/breakfast/supper? 中午/早晨/晚上吃什麽?
16.I like fish/beef/lamb. 我喜欢鱼肉/牛肉/羊肉。
17.That is delicious apple/banana/orange. 美味的苹果/香蕉/橙子。
18.Please take your cup. 请拿你的杯子。
19.Have some water/tea/milk.喝一些水/茶/牛奶。
20.Help yourself. 别客气。
21.What kind of juice? 什么果汁?
22.I like orange-juice.我喜欢桔子汁
23.Would you like some rice or soup? 你想要一些米饭还是汤?
24.Do you want to more? 你要加一些吗?
25.I want more rice/vegetable.我还要米饭/菜。
26.Have an apple. 有一个苹果。
27.Please keep the table clean. 请保持桌面干净。
28.Don't spill your foods on the table.别把你的食物洒在桌子上。
29.I spilled my soup.我把汤撒了。
30.There is no tissue paper. 没有餐巾纸了。
31.Please finish it. 把它吃完。
32.Eat a little more. 在多吃一点。
33.Don't play with your foods. 别玩食物
34.Eat properly. 好好吃。
35.Are you full? 饱了吗?
36.I am full. 我吃饱了。
37Is it delicious? 它好吃吗?
38.Wipe your mouth. 擦嘴。
39.Rinse out your mouth. 漱口。
(四)Group Activity集体活动
Outdoor Activity 户外活动
1.Are you tired?/Yes,I am tired./No,I am not.你累了吗?是的`,我累了。/不,我不累。
2.Let's start/begin. 让我们开始。
3.Hand in hand. 手拉手。
4.One by one. 一个接着一个
5.Wave your fingers.摆动你的手指。
6.Touch your stomach.摸摸你的肚子
7.What's wrong with you?/It's nothing.你怎麽了? 没事。
8.You are slow. 你太慢了。
9.You are fast.你很快。
10.Don't talk. 不要说话。
11.Come here./Come on. 过来。
12.Go to there. 去那边。
13.Wait for me.等等我。
14.I am here.我在这里。
15.Return to your seat. 回去你的座位上。
16.Let me try. 让我来试试。
17.Let's watch TV/a play.让我们来看电视/看表演。
18.Relax. 休息。
19.Calm down. 冷静。
20.Easy! 放松!
21.Watch out!/Look out. 当心。
22.Keep quite. 保持安静。
23.Wait a while/minute. 等一会儿。
24.It's warm here. 这里很暖。
25.Let's play together.让我们一起玩
26.Go ahead. 继续。
27.Sing a song. 唱支歌。
28.Come on guys. 男孩们过来。
29.Hang on for a while.稍微等一会儿
30.Enjoy yourself.自娱自乐。
31.Danger! Keep off! 危险!小心!
32.Keep away. 离远点。
33.Don't be afraid, it's safe. 别害怕，它是安全的。
34.What shall we draw today? 我们今天画什么。
35.I have no paper. 我没有纸。
36.I finished. 我做完了。
37.I can't write my name. 我不会写我的名字。
38.He takes my toy/book. 他抢我的玩具/书。
39.I want to play with Jim.我想和Jim玩。
40.Let's play home game/house. 我们玩娃娃家吧。
41.Do I need keep the toys?要收玩具吗
42.I want to go to playground. 我想玩大型玩具。
43.Show me. 给我看。
44.Listen carefully. 仔细听。
45.Say it in English. 用英语说。
46.Let's play a game. 让我们来做游戏。
47.Let's write/draw something. 让我们来写点什麽/画点什麽。
48.Let's say it together.让我们一起说.
49.How do you know?你怎麽知道的?
50.Which one do you like?你喜欢哪一个
51.You want to try? 你想试试?
52.Attention. 注意。
53.You are right. 你是正确的。
54.Paint it in red. 把它涂成红色。
55.Don't be afraid/shy. 别害怕/害羞。
56.Let's go out/outside.让我们到室外去
57.Let's go downstairs. 让我们到楼下去
58.Let's play on the ground. 让我们去操场上玩。
59.Let's go out for a walk. 让我们出去走走。
60.At ease!/Attention.稍息/立正。
61.Be slowly,take easy. 慢点,别着急
62.Let's have a race. 让我们来个比赛
63.Make a circle. 围一个圈。
64.Jump on one foot. 单脚跳。
65.Run. 跑。
66.Stop running! 别跑。
67.Clap your hands. 拍手。
68.Pick it up. 把它捡起来
69.What a mess! 太乱了!
70.Go straight ahead,turn left/right.一直走,左转/右转。
71.I am happy/angry/sad. 我高兴/生气/沮丧。
72.I am cold/hot/warm.我觉得冷/热/暖和
73.It's a sunny/cloudy day! 是个晴天/阴天
74.Who is that?/It is me.是谁呀?是我。
75.Excuse me. Can you do my shoes?打扰一下,你能帮我系鞋带吗?
(五)Sleeping time 午睡
1.It's bed time. 午睡时间到了。
2.Take off your clothes/coat/trousers/shoes. 脱衣服/外套/裤子/鞋。
3.Fold up your clothes/coat/trousers/shoes. 叠好衣服/外套/裤子，放好鞋。
4.Go to sleep. 睡觉。
5.Close your eyes. 闭眼。
6.Cover yourself up. 盖好被子。
7.Put hands into the quilt. 把手放进被子里。
8.Wake up./get up. 叫醒。/起来。
9.Put on your clothes. 穿衣服。
10.Dress yourself. 自己穿衣服
11.Fold up your quilt. 叠被子。
12.Do your buttons. 扣扣子。
13.Tuck your shirt into your pants. 把衣服掖进裤子里。
14.Comb your hair. 梳头。
15. Softly. 轻轻的。
(六)Sickness 生病。
1. Check it out. 检查完善。
2. I miss my Mummy. 我想我妈妈。
3. I don't feel very well. 我不舒服。
4. Pick up me early. 早点接我
5. I was sick yesterday. 我昨天病了。
6. I'm better today. 我今天好了。
7. I have a cough. 我咳嗽。
8. I got headache. 我头疼。
9. I got cold. 我发烧了。
10. My teeth got a pain. 我牙疼。
教师日常用语(Teacher everyday vocabulary)
1.Good morning! 早上好!
2.Good afternoon! 下午好!
3.You are good/great! 你真棒!
4.Thank you! 谢谢!
5.Good bye! 再见!
6.See you tomorrow! 明天见!
7.Stand up,please. 起立!
8.Sit down,please. 坐下!
9.What's the matter? 怎么了?
10.What happened? 发生什么事了?
11.Look at me! 看我!
12.Don't talking! 不要说话了!
13. You are clever/smart! 你真聪明!
14. You are beautiful/pretty! 你真漂亮!
15.Great!/Good!/OK! 好。
16. Well done!/Great job! 干得好!
17. Wonderful! 太棒了!
18.Nice girl/boy. 好孩子。
19. How beautiful! 多美呀!
20. How funny! 多有趣呀!
21. It’s really beautiful! 真美呀!
22. Wow! It’s sonice/ lovely! 哇!它太棒了/太可爱了!
23. It’s a nice day! 这是一个很好的一天!
24.sit very well! 坐好!
25.Don't cry ! 不要哭了
26. Don't push ! 不要推
27. said with me!跟我说
B. 每天从书本中学习新的知识的英文
Learn new knowledge from books every day.
C. 初一英语介词的知识点归纳
初一学习过的介词知识比较多，所以对于所学过的介词做好总结很重要，以下是我分享给大家的初一英语介词的知识点，希望可以帮到你!
初一英语介词的知识点
一.时间介词的用法辨析1.时间介词in、on、at、by的用法辨析
A.介词in用来表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等.如：in the morning
B.介词on用来表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间.如：on a rainy day
C.介词at用来表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等.如：at noon
D.介词by表示…的时候、到、等到…已经等用在天、时间的前面.如：by 2 o‘clock
2.时间介词in与after 的用法辨析
A.介词in + 一段时间用于一般将来时.如：We’ll go to school in two weeks.
B.介词after + 一段时间用于一般过去时.如：My mother came home after half an hour.
C.介词after + 时间点常用于一般将来时.如：We’ll go out for a walk after supper.
3.时间介词for与since的用法辨析
A.介词for 表示一段时间如：I have been living here for 10 years.
B.介词since 表示从过去某一时间以来如：I have been living here since 2000.
4.时间介词ring与for的用法辨析
A.当所指的时间起止分明时用介词ring如：He swims every day ring the summer.
B.如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如：I haven’t seen her for years.
5.时间介词before与by的用法辨析
A.介词before表示“在…之前”如：He won’t come back before five .
B.介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”如：The work must be finished by Friday.
6.时间介词till与until用法的异同
A.till和until用在肯定句中,均可表示“直到…为止”,如：I will wait till(until)seven o'clock.
B.till和until用在否定句中,均可表示“在…以前”或“直到…才”.
如：Tom didn't come back till(until)midnight.
C.till多用于普通文体,而 until则用于多种文体,并且在句子开头时,用until而不用till.
如：Until he comes back,nothing can be done.
7.不用介词表达时间的几种情况
A.当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如：this morning
B.当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如：next Sunday
C.当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如：last Sunday
D.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时,其前面不用介词,如：You can come any day.
二.方位介词与地点介词的用法辨析1.方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析
A.介词on表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起,如：The book is on the table.
B.介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”,如：Is there any bridge over the river?
C.介词above表示一般的“高于…”,“在…之上”,如：There was an electric clock above his bed.
2.方位介词under与below的用法辨析
A.介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”,如：They were seen under the tree.
B.介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”,“在…之下”,如：They live below us.
3.方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析
A.介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过.
如：She went across the street to make some purchases.
B.介词through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内穿过.
如：The sunlight was coming in through the window.
C.介词over多表示从“上方越过”,如：He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.
D.介词past表示从“面前经过”,如：Someone has just gone past the window.
4.方位介词in、on、at的用法辨析
A.介词in表示“排、行、组”,如：We are in Team One.
B.介词on表示“左、右”,如：Li Ping is on my left.
C.介词at表示“前、后”,如：I sit at the front of the classroom.
5.方位介词to、for的用法辨析
A.介词to表示目的地或去的目的,如：Wil you take a train to Tianjian.
B.介词for表示动身去某地,如：He got on a train for Shanghai.
6.地点介词at与in的用法辨析
A.介词at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等,如：He lives at a small village.
B.介词in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等,如：He lives in Beijing.
7.地点介词at与on的用法辨析
A.介词at用于门牌号,如：He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.
B.介词on用于路名,如：He lives on Nanjing Road.
8.地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析
A.介词in表示“包含”如：Beijing is in the north of China.
B.介词on表示“紧邻”如：Canada lies on the north of the U.S.
C.介词to表示“没接触”如：France lies to the south of England.
初一学好英语的建议
一、培育学习英语的兴致
爱因斯坦以前说过：“兴致和喜好是最好的老师。”浓厚的学习兴致，可以使人集中力气，深化深刻思考。有的同学会说：“我天然生成就对英语没兴致。”此言差矣。须知，有点兴致并非与生俱来，而是后天培育的。为何不试着经过你有兴致的物品去挨近你无兴致的英语学习呢?务必别把英语只了解成单调的单词、语法，务必别把英语学习当成一种负担。
二、要有准确的学习举止神情
1. 要勤学苦练 学英语没有近路可走，要想学好英语，达到使用自若的程度，非下苦工夫不可以。下苦工夫就是要施行数量多的听、说、读、写训练，使各项技能达到很熟练的境地。语言知识应当理解，但不下于苦功在听、说、读、写上训练，仅靠死记硬背一点孤立的单词、语法条条，是很难掌握英语的。就像学潜泳、跳意大利舞同样，对其理论掌握再好，不经过反反复复训练是永恒也学不会的。
2. 要坚持不懈
学习英语既是是训练技能夫的过程，就没可能那末轻松，要么怕艰难，坚决保持学习。学习如背水行舟，不进则退，最忌“三天打鱼，两天晒网”，要日积月累，支付长时期的尽力尽量。
三、要掌握准确的学习办法 1. 过好语音关
语音是学习英语的第1关。不掌握准确的发音，就不敢大声朗读和会话;句子不可以上口，后续的训练就难于施行。因为这个，要仔细听老师的发音和灌音带，胆量大实践，反反复复临摹，相比较匡正，不要怕出错。对中国学小时候起说，要达到发音绝对准确并非一日之功，要有信心，有耐性，就一定能够成功。
2. 注意英语和汉语的差别
英语和汉语是两种不一样的语言系统，如英语语音中的短元音、子音缀合以及摩摩擦音、破摩擦音收尾节奏等在汉语中都没有。英语有形态变动，如表名称的词复数变动、动词时态变动等，而汉语基本上没有。英语语法和句子结构同汉语也存在着一点差别。中学生的汉语习性已相当坚固，对英语学习会有一定的干扰效用，因为这个本来就要养成令人满意的习性，不要用中文注音，不要用汉语句子仿用英语句型。一朝经过数量多的阅览和训练养成用英语思惟的习性，并萌生英语语感，便会逐层减损犯“中国式英语”的不正确的机缘。
3. 掌握规律，事半功倍 固然学习英语没有近路可走，但掌握英语语言的规律，能起到事半功倍的效用。如记忆单词，利用下边几种办法可收到事半功倍的效果。
(1)由音及形法。即弄清这个单词中的字母或字母组合的发音，依据拼音开具相应的字母或字母组合。这么既可以使我们正确发音，又能较容易地记取单词拼音书写。
(2)分类法。把学过的单词按其属性分门别类串在一块儿记。如星期：Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday;季候：spring, summer, autumn, winter;学科：English, Maths, Physics, History, Chinese…;颜色：red, yellow, white, black, green…。
(3)联想法。利用词与词之间大致相似之处施行相比较，或利用词与词之间的差别施行剖析辨识。这么不止能加大深度我们对新词的印象，还同时强化了旧词。
例如：
近义词：big—large, tall—high, perhaps—maybe.
近形近音词：plan—plane—plant—planet.
反义词：black—white, heavy—light, left—right, return—borrow.
词的配搭：look at, look for, look up, look after.
单词，如同万丈大厦的基石，学好单词，在英语学习过程中就迈出了一大步。固然规则众多，各种规则也有例外，但要灵活记忆，不可以死记规则，以偏概全。
初一学好英语的建议
积累词汇
如果你是学生，可以通过英语课程，让老师帮助你了解英语的基础知识和思维方式。如果你是自学者，可以通过网络视频，根据视频上的内容了解英语的基础知识等。并且需要购买一本中英的英语词典，让你在学习英语的前期掌握足够的英语词汇。
学习语法
语法是语言的“骨架”，是词形变化规则和组词成句规则的总和，也是研究词的结构、用词规则、组合词语、句子结构等一系列规律的专门科学。具有概括性、生成性、稳定性 和系统性的特点。学习语法的目的，是为了可以更好地进行听说读写等语言实践活动。也就是说，通过对语法规则规律的掌握，减少在语言实践练习中的盲目性，提高语言的准确性。学习语法可以通过课本、书籍、网络等方法加强练习。
多读、多背、多写
学好英语，还要有坚持不懈的精神，不经历背诵大量文章，写大量东西，听大量文章(读报、听广播、看外语电影、听外语讲座、读书籍)是根本不可能达到目的的，因为学习语言需要对我们的各种感观进行刺激，每天至少看 60-120分钟的英语，早晨和晚上是学英语的最好时间。
勇于交流
前面3点可以让你很好的读和写了，但是只会读和写对于学习一门语言来说是远远不够的，我们还要学会怎样与人交流。敢于开口说英语，不要怕犯错误，人人都会犯错，这是在所难免的，加强交际训练，为自己提供一个英语环境，只有多交流，才能把口语说的很流利。
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5. 初一英语知识点总结
D. 如何学习英语
学习一门语言，最重要最基础的无非就是词汇，一定要多多积累词汇量！
背单词是常态，利用各种方法多记单词，词根词缀法，自创连想法等等，而且因为一词多义的情况，我们需要结合语境识记，这样才能懂得单词的用法以及特定含义。
语法是基础，将词练成句才是我们的目的。这需要我们通过硬背以及做题理解等去记住它们，多写多记形成一定的语感。
输入重要，输出同等重要，避免我们形成哑巴英语，日常我们要多说多练，同时也会有利于我们的听力训练。发音是之基础，正确的发音利于我们更自信的去说，以及更能听懂对方的表达。
E. 初中英语必考时态知识点归纳总结
时态是在英语学习中至关重要的一个内容，为了帮助初中的学生们学习，我为大家总结了初中阶段学习的时态。希望能对大家有所帮助!
初中英语必考时态知识点
过去将来时
1. 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2. 时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.
3. 基本结构：①was/were/going to + do;②would + do.
否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would + not + do.
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首;②would 提到句首。
4. 用法
1) “would+动词原形”常表示主观意愿的将来。例如：
He said he would come to see me.
他说他要来看我。
He told me he would go to Beijing.
他告诉我他将去北京。
2) “was/ were+going to+动词原形”常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如：
She said she was going to start off at once.
她说她将立即出发。
I was told that he was going to return home.
有人告诉我他准备回家。
此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看，很可能或即将发生的事情。例如：
It seemed as if it was going to rain.
看来好像要下雨。
3) come， go， leave， arrive， start等瞬时动词动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。例如：
He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.
他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。
She told me she was coming to see me.
她告诉我她要来看我。
现在完成时
1. 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在并且有可能继续下去的动作或状态。
2. 时间状语：recently, lately, since, for, in the past few years, etc.
3. 基本结构：have/has + done
否定形式：have/has + not +done.
一般疑问句：have或has。
4. since的三种用法
1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
例如：I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。
2) since +一段时间+ ago。
例如：I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
3) since +从句(一般过去时)。
例如：Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。
比较since和for
since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
例如：I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
过去完成时
1. 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2. 时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.
3. 基本结构：had + done.
否定形式：had + not + done.
一般疑问句：had放于句首。
4. 用法
1) 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句种。
例如：She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
2) 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。
例如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
3) 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,
suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。
例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
注意： had hardly… when... 刚......就......。
例如：I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。
例如：He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
初中英语必考时态练习题
1. The sun ________ in the east.
A. is always rising B. always is rising C. rises always D. always rises
2. He often ________ his clothes on Sundays.
A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash
3. I’m Japanese. Where ________ from?
A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming
4. A mother who ________ her son will do everything for his happiness.
A. is loving B. loves C. loved D. has loved
5. ________ at a higher temperature than water?
A. Has milk boiled B. Is milk boiling C. Does milk boil D. Was milk boiling
6. He signed to us with his hand, “The lesson is over. You ________.”
A. dismissed B. are dismissed C. have dismissed D. were dismissed
7. I haven’t met him for ages, but his mother ________ him sometimes.
A. had still seen B. still sees C. has still seen D. still saw
8. We will start as soon as our team leader________ .
A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming
9. I think Jack ________ the answer.
A. has known B. does know C. is knowing D. knows
10. My father ________ George quite well; they were introced at a party.
A. is knowing B. was knowing C. knows D. had been knowing
11. Where ________ ?
A. Mary works B. works Mary C. does Mary works D. does Mary work
12. I think this question ________ to answer.
A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. Both A and B
13. ________ oil or butter when you cook it ?
A. Do you use B. Did you use C. Were you using D. Have you used
14. I ________ some newspaper at seven yesterday evening.
A. am reading B. read C. was reading D. will read
15. Now he ________ a book about New York. I don’t think he will finish it.
A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. is writing
16. Zhang Hua does a lot of housework every evening, but now he ________ his schoolmates with their lessons.
A. help B. is helping C. helps D. has helped
17. Mother washes the girl’s hair. Look, she ________ .
A. is washing it now B. washes it
C. is washing them now D. washes them now
18. He usually listens to the radio, but at the present moment he ________ television.
A. watches B. is watching C. has watched D. had watched
19. How long ago ________ playing with soldiers?
A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop
20. Look at John! What _______ ?
A. does he B. he is doing C. is he doing D. does he do
21. It ________ hard when I left my house.
A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain
22.The railway ________ in three years.
A. is complete B. will completed C. has completed D. will be completed
23. Don’t talk so loudly. Your father ________ .
A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept
24. ----- What are you doing under the table?
----- I ________ to find my pen.
A. tried B. had tried C. try D. am trying
25. Jane and Tom ________ the door.
A. are walking at B. walk at C. walks to D. are walking to
26. How many people does the doctor know ________ of the disease?
A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies
27. He ________ thin.
A. was getting B. is getting C. will getting D. had been got
28. Our team ________ every match so far this year, but we still have three games to play.
A. was winning B. has won C. had won D. wins
29. I shall tell you what he ____at three o’clock yesterday afternoon.
A. has done B. has been done C. had been doing D. was doing
30. I ________ my homework now.
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished
31. I ________ this coat for very long. It still looks quite new.
A. wasn’t having B. haven’t had C. hadn’t D. haven’t been having
32. ________ reading the book yet?
A. Have you finished B. Were you finishing
C. Had you finished D. Are you finishing
33. The evening party ________ .You are a little late.
A. just began B. just has begun C. has just begun D. has begun just now
34. The dog is still wet. It ________ out of the rain.
A. only just comes B. has only just coming
C. was only just come D. has only just come
35. Where did you study before you ________ to this middle school?
A. come B. came C. are coming D. will come
36. He ________ home for nearly three weeks.
A. has gone away from B. has left C. has been away from D. went away from
37. ----- Did your brother go toAmericalast year? ----- ________ .
A. No, he has never go there B. No, he has never gone here
C. No, he never was there D. No, he’s never been there
38. My uncle ________ in that factory since 1958.
A. worked B. had worked C. is working D. has worked
39. I ________ her since she was a little girl.
A. knew B. know C. had known D. have known
40. He ________ for three years.
A. has joined B. has been in the army C. joined D. has served the army
41. His grandfather ________ for thirty years.
A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died
42. I ________ a college student for more than a year.
A. became B. have become C. was D. have been
43. I ________ this radio for two years.
A. used B. use C. have used D. am used
44. I ________ from my brother for a long time.
A. not have heard B. have not heard C. have heard not D. do not hear
45. Since you don’t want to go, I ________ alone.
A. will go B. go C. went D. have gone
46. He________ his watch. Have you seen it anywhere?
A. lost B. lose C. has lost D. had lost
47. I ________ the exhibition on the life and work of Lenin.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. am seeing
48. When I was a little boy my father ________ me the earth is round.
A. tells B. has told C. had told D. told
49. You ________ your homework..
A. haven’t done B. have doing C. have not doing D. not done
50. Our teacher ________ to Beijing three times.
A. went B. had done C. has gone D. has been
初中英语语法学习方法
1.在理解的基础上学习
学习语法要真正理解，不要死记硬背条条框框。例如家长在辅导孩子英语时，也许会特别强调现在分词和动名词在句子中的不同成分。很多孩子就死记硬背：分词可以作定语、状语、补语、表语;动名词可作定语、主语、宾语、表语。即使这样也经常记混淆。其词能充当的成分动名词基本都能充当。这样也便于理解为什么动名词能充当主语和宾语，而分词则不能。理解语法并不是要对语法规则刨根到底。有的孩子问：为什么英语有那么多时态，而汉语没有?每种语言都有它自己的规则。汉语不是没有时态，只是时态的表现形式不像英语那么明显。
2.积极主动归纳、总结语法规则
孩子在学习过程中要善于主动观察、归纳、总结语法规则，不能完全依靠家长、老师的讲解。研究表明，孩子自己归纳总结的语法规则比从书本上学来的记得更好。在孩子一道题或给予详细讲解后，应该让孩子尝试着自己总结规律。同样的情况在怎样的场合使用?有没有例外?实践表明，能自己总结语法规律的孩子，更能对语法进行灵活运用，且在阅读中也便显出反应迅速准确的良好状态。另外，有的语法书里讲的规则有时过于简单甚至不准确。比如很多语法书里，关于字母。结尾的名词的复数的规则是：一般加8226;s;有些加-es。那么到底哪些加—s哪些加-es呢?孩子又只能死记硬背。其实，多数单词加-es，比如heroes，tomatoes，potatoes，tornadoes，volcanoes，torpedoes等;少数单词加8226;s，而且加—s的词多为较长单词的缩写。比如：photographs—photos;kilograms—kilos;hippopotamus—hippos等。而radio本身就是几个单词的缩写，其复数形式当然是radios。如果孩子能够在学习中发现类似的规律，则可以大大减少死记硬背的负担。
3.要善于从错误中学习
英语学习中出现错误是不可避免的，孩子在学习时，一方面不要怕犯错误，要大胆地使用英语;另一方面，要注意纠正错误，从错误中学习。发现错误和纠正错误是做英语练习的目的之一。对于老师、家长批改过的作业，一定要仔细看。对批改还不明白的，一定要向家长或同学请教。在口头交际中，不能完全不顾语法，也不能因为怕犯语法错误而不敢开口。完全不顾语法，可能会使语法错误形成习惯，以后想改也改不过来。而因为怕犯错误而不敢开口或在表达中过多地进行自我纠正会影响交际的顺利进行，也可能因此失去很多交际的机会。研究表明，在口头表达中，适度地监控语法的正确性和准确性最有利于孩子提高口语能力。
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F. 初一英语知识点总结
初一英语语法学习知识点总结
初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的，但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小，容易被忽视，但这些知识点掌握不熟练，往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时，要认真、细心，不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。
下面从几个方面，总结出了初一英语语法，如果要复习英语句法的同学，可以参考一下，
一、初一英语语法——词法
1、名词
A）、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：
一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员
九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B）名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：
一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）
2、代词
项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
复数 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、动词
A） 第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：
一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes
五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has
B） 现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：
一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：
一） 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三） 以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词 (基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、初一英语语法——句式
1.陈述句
肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词)
b) He looks very young. (连系动词)
c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)
e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)
否定陈述句 a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice.
c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll.
e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English!
c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry.
3. 疑问句
1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?
d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?
肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.
否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t.
2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.
3) 特殊疑问句
① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is [email protected].
⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.
When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.
⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.
⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.
What’s your favourite color? It’s black.
⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.
What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.
What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.
12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.
14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.
15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.
16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.
17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.
What’s your father? He’s a doctor.
三、初一英语语法——时态
1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：
Be 动词：She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.
情态动词：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.
行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.
2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.
They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.
1. 形容词的用法：
形容词用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征。在句中可以作定语、表语，用于限定被修饰语的特征，如长短、大小、重量、颜色、高矮、胖瘦、新旧等，。
The little girl is very pretty. 这个小女孩很好看。
--I want that one. 我想要那个。
--Which one? 哪一个？
--The new blue one. 那个蓝色新的。
Can I have a look at the big nice one? 我能看一看那个大的漂亮的吗？
2、人称代词：
是用来表示人的代词，有单数和负数之分，有主格和宾格之分。人称代词的主格在句中作主语；人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语，是作动词或介词的宾语。
主格：I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主语
宾格：me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作宾语
He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一个班级。
Can you see them in the street? 你能看见他们在街上吗？
3、可数名词和不可数名词
英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。凡是可数计数的名词叫做可数名词；凡是不可以计数的名词叫做不可数名词。
（1）可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。可数名词前可以用不定冠词、数词或some many等修饰。如：a man a desk an apple an orange some books some children tow pens
（2）不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不能用不定冠词、数词或many等词语修饰，但可以用some a little much等词语来修饰。有时可以与一些量词短语搭配，这些量词短语中的名词一般是可数的，有单数形式，也可以有复数形式。如：some water a little milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink some glasses of water
4、祈使句
祈使句用来表示请求、命令等，句中没有主语，肯定形式由谓语或者谓语+宾语（+宾语补足语）构成，否定形式则在句前加Don’t.
Stand up, please. 请起立。 Don’t worry. 别担心。
can的用法：
can是情态动词，表示“能，会，可以，被允许等”，其后接动词原形，否定形式为cannot，可缩写为can’t.
She can speak Japanese. 她会讲日语。
I can’t remember his name. 我不记得他的名字了。
Can you spell your name? 你会拼写你的名字吗？
5、现在进行时态：
概念：表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，也可以表示目前一段时间内或现阶段正在进行的活动。
结构：由be动词(am, is, are) + 动词ing构成，其中be动词要与主语保持性数一致。
Mary is flying a kite in the park. 玛丽正在公园里放风筝。
--What are you doing now?你现在在干什么？
--I’m reading English. 我正在读英语。
Are they drawing the pictures now?他们正在画画吗？
动词现在分词是动词原形变化而来的，规则变化如下：
动词ing形式叫动词现在分词，其构成如下：
1) 直接在动词后加ing
play—playing, do—doing, talk—talking, sing--singing
2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加ing
make—making, write—writing, have—having, take—taking
3) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写这个辅音字母，再加ing
run—running, stop—stopping, put—putting, swim—swimming
注意对现在进行时态的判断。判断一个英语句子用什么时态，主要看句子的时间状语，一般说来，每种时态都有与之相对应的时间状语。现在进行时表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。因此，这个时态最常用的时间状语是now；但有不少句子并没有now，只能通过提示语如look、listen等或者通过上下文来确定用现在进行时。
She is cleaning her room now. 她正在打扫房间。
Look! The girl is dancing over there. 看！那个女孩在那里跳舞。
Can you go and play games with me? 你能和我们一起做游戏吗？
Can’t you see I am doing my homework? 你没看见我正在做作业吗？
6、have/ has的用法：
1) 谓语动词have表示“有”，有两种形式：have和has，前者用于第一人称(I, we)，第二人称(you)和第三人称复数(they)，后者用于第三人称单数(he, she, it)或单数名词。
I have an apple and he has two bananas. 我有一个苹果，他有两个香蕉。
You have a new English teacher. 你们有了一个新的英语老师。
It has two big eyes. 它有一双大眼睛。
Julie and Jack have a nice car. 朱莉和杰克有一辆好看的车。
2) have/has句型与there be句型的比较：两者都表示“有”，但用法不同。前者表示所属关系，即表示“某人或某物有什么”，而后者表示存在，表示“某地有什么”。
They have some new books. 他们有一些新书。
There are some new books on their desks. 他们桌子上有一些新书。
She has a lot of pretty skirts. 她有很多漂亮的裙子。
There are a lot of pretty skirts in the shop. 商店里有很多漂亮的裙子。
3) have/ has的否定句，一般要加助动词do/ does，再加not构成，即do not have (don’t have)/ does not have (doesn’t have)
. She does not have a sister. 她没有姐姐。
We don’t have any classes on Saturday. 我们星期六没有课。
Ann and I don’t have a big room. 我和安没有一个大房间。
4) 一般疑问句由“助动词Do/ Does + 主语 + have + 宾语”构成，回答用Yes, … do/ does.或者No, … don’t/ doesn’t.
--Do you have a big house? 他们的房子大吗？
--No, they don’t. 不，他们的房子不大。
--Does he have an eraser? 他有橡皮吗？
--Yes, he does. 他有的。
5) 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词 + 助动词do/ does + have (+状语)构成。
What do they have? 他们有什么？
What does he have? 他有什么？
How many telephones do they have? 他们有几部电话？