A. 英语非谓语知识点分类
非谓语在整张考卷中都以各种可察觉或不可察觉的方式考查着我们。因此,千万不要以分值小为由而忽略非谓语的重要性。接下来我给大家分享关于英语非谓语知识点,希望对大家有所帮助!
英语非谓语知识点1
非谓语动词详解 总结
不定式的作用
高中英语知识点:1、作主语不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。往往用it作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。
高中英语知识点:2、作宾语
(1)动词+不定式。
(2)动词+疑问词+to,“特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。
高中英语知识点:3、作宾语补足语
(1)动词+宾语+不定式(todo)。
(2)表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+tobe的不定式结构。
(3)There+不定式。
高中英语知识点:4、作定语
(1)、不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。
(2).如果作定语的不定式是一个 短语 ,则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词。
高中英语知识点:5、作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面,构成表语。
6、独立结构。
英语非谓语知识点2
非谓语题答题技巧
01 确定是否需要非谓语。句中已经有谓语动词,再出现动词表示动作时,须用非谓语形式,如果是并列谓语要有and或“,”链接。
02 分析是不是固定短语。如果是,按照固定短语分析。
03 分析出非谓语的逻辑主语,主要有以下集几种情况:
①非谓语做定语时,非谓语的逻辑主语是非谓语所修饰的词。
例如:I like the teacher teaching English.
(译:我喜欢教英语的那个老师。)
句中非谓语做定语,修饰the teacher,the teacher是非谓语teaching的逻辑主语,非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。
②非谓语做状语时,非谓语的逻辑主语是主句的主语。
例如:Watching TV,she was moved.
(译:看电视时,她被感动了。)
句中非谓语做状语,非谓语的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,she是非谓语watching TV的逻辑主语,非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。
③非谓语做宾语补足语时,非谓语的逻辑主语是该句的宾语。
例如:His boss wanted Li Lei to finish the work.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
(译:李雷的老板让他完成工作。)
句中非谓语to finish做宾语him的补足语,him 是to finish的逻辑主语,非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。
04 确定非谓语的逻辑主语后,分析非谓语与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。
05 分析非谓语表示的动作与主句谓语动作发生的时间关系,分析非谓语表示的动作是发生在谓语动词的同时、之前还是之后。
英语非谓语知识点3
非谓语真题练习
【2021年】
八省联考
1.Like many other students, you may have various people, 56 (include) family members and friends, giving input on your college.
浙江卷
1. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
2.This may be e to some disadvantages for people 64 (live) in the countryside, including lower (low) levels of income and ecation, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【2020年】
全国卷 I
1. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang'e-4 66 (find) and study areas of theSouth Pole-Aitken basin.
2. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
3. My mom told me how to preparing it.
全国卷 Ⅱ
1. They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
2. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes andmessages of good fortune.
3. They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.
全国卷 III
1. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter.
2. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops,he was reced to tears.
山东卷
1. As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time inhistory or 43 (walk) through a rainforest.
浙江卷
1. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60 (change)lives.
2. Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season),planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 63 (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
江苏卷
1. Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these procts.
A. combined with B. combining with
C. having combined with D. to be combined with
英语非谓语知识点分类相关 文章 :
★ 英语非谓语动词知识点
★ 非谓语动词知识点归纳
★ 高中英语非谓语知识点
★ 高中英语非谓语的知识点
★ 非谓语动词的语法知识点详解
★ 中考英语非谓语动词语法考点及易错点
★ 高中英语非谓语动词知识点
★ 英语中非谓语动词的三种形式和用法
★ 高考英语非谓语动词的考点的介绍
★ 英语的非谓语动词语法
B. 非谓语的用法
非谓语动词
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词
是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分
3种形式:不定式,分词(现在分词、过去分词),动名词
1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:
(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
(2)都可以被状语修饰:
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化.例如:
He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)
He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)
We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)
Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)
(4)都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)
The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)
We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)
We being League member, the work was well done.
(现在分词的逻辑主语)
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:
(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语.
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语.
(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语.
(4)谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制.
(二)非谓语动词的句法功能:
二、非谓语动词用法:
(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征.
1.不定式的形式:(以动词write为例)
否定式:not + (to) do
(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,
例如:
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
C. 急求非谓语的语法知识点
在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);现在分词(the Present Participle);过去分词(the Past Participle)。
1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:
(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
(2)都可以被状语修饰:
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如:
He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)
He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)
We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)
Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)
(4)都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)
The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)
We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)
We being League member, the work was well done.
(现在分词的逻辑主语)
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:
(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
(二)非谓语动词的句法功能:
二、非谓语动词用法:
(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
1.不定式的形式:(以动词write为例)
否定式:not + (to) do
(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,
例如:
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2.不定式的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,例如上面两句可用如下形式:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
(2)作表语:
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
(3)作宾语:
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
(4)作宾语补足语:
在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
(5)作定语:
动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系:
①动宾关系:
I have a meeting to attend.
注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②说明所修饰名词的内容:
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:
He is the first to get here.
(6)作状语:
①表目的:
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:
wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.
right:To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表结果:
He arrived late to find the train gone.
常用only放在不定式前表示强调:
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因:
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度:
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
(7)作独立成分:
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
(9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
(二)动名词:
动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
1.动名词的形式:
否定式:not + 动名词
(1)一般式:
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(2)被动式:
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
(3)完成式:
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
(4)完成被动式:
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
(5)否定式:not + 动名词
I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
(6)复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2.动名词的句法功能:
(1)作主语:
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
(2)作表语:
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。
(3)作宾语:
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:
We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
(4)作定语:
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?
(5)作同位语:
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
(三)现在分词:
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1、现在分词的形式:
否定式:not + 现在分词
(1)现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。
(2)现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2.现在分词的句法功能:
(1)作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
(2)现在分词作表语:
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
(3)作宾语补足语:
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
(4)现在分词作状语:
①作时间状语:
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语:
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语,表示伴随:
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。
④作条件状语:
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语:
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语:
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语:
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格:
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.
我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分:
udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看,他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。
(四)过去分词:
过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能:
1.过去分词作定语:
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2.过去分词作表语:
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:
The window is broken.(系表)
The window was broken by the boy.(被动)
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如:
boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)
newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳)
the changed world(变了的世界)
这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语:
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。
4.过去分词作状语:
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间)
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件)
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。(表示让步)
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞。
参考资料:http://www.huanggao.net/course/40430/YY_22_02_012/
D. 非谓语动词知识点归纳
高考临近,你是否还在焦虑英语做的不好。其实想学好英语是有技巧的,下面就是我给大家带来的非谓语动词知识点归纳,希望大家喜欢!
高考英语知识点归纳:非谓语动词用主动表被动
(1)不定式to blame,to let用作表语时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义
(2)某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义
①这类结构的特点是 句子 主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语,按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式,但习惯上却要用主动表被动。
②有时形容词后跟有名词,在名词后用作定语的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
③有少数用于类似结构的形容词(如fit,ready,free等),其中的不定式用主动式和被动式均可。
(3)不定式用于某些动词(如have,have got,get,want,need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,则要用主动形式表示被动意义
(4)不定式用于某些双宾动词(如give,show,buy,lend,get等)的直接宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是直接宾语前的间接宾语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义
(5)不定式用于修饰“there be+名词”中的名词时,可用主动式,也可用被动式,有时含义差不多
(6)be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动
(7)在need,want,require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义
①以上结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表示被动意义
②它们后接名词时也可表示被动意义
高三英语 复习 方法
一、抓课本、重基础、强化词句的积累
英语基础知识的复习要以课本为纲,按照知识之间的内在联系,将它们进行分类整理。在这个过程中,要注意以新带旧,使初中和高中所学的知识形成系统, 总结 出规律性,这样才能融会贯通,也才能把知识转化为能力。
学生应以高三课本为主要教材,在老师的带领下,深入挖掘教材中的语言知识,巩固语言基础,对课本中反复出现的语言知识进行科学归类和巧妙整理,找出其中的规律、抓住线索。复习知识是为了运用知识,而网络化的知识更便于运用,更有利于学科能力的培养。只有经过对所学的教材进行层层挖掘才有希望把知识形成网络。这对其实现知识的迁移有重要的影响,有利于其实际运用能力的提高,并在应考中运用自如。
二、抓语篇学习、重阅读能力
从近几年的高考试题来看,死记硬背,强化训练,沉湎于“题海战术”是难以出好成绩的。将中心和重心放在单项选择上是不合时宜的。因此,要根据自己的实际情况,制定出切实可行的复习计划。做到按部就班,有条不紊,循序渐进。其中,语篇学习最应引起学生的足够重视。
高三课本中 文章 题材广、内容新颖,知识覆盖面宽。因此,学生应充分利用高三课本中的阅读材料,从文章的内容、文章的结构、作者的观点、态度及相关的背景知识巧妙设置问题,不断提高自己的阅读能力,开拓知识视野。同时,文章的新颖内容还可以提高学生对英语的学习兴趣。
三、精选习题,有效训练
笔者建议学生应有针对性地加强运用练习。期刊文章分类查询,尽在期刊图书馆通过结合高考考点进行针对性训练,在很短的时间内复习完所有的语言知识,提高复习效率,以便有充裕的时间进行听力、完形填空、阅读等专项能力训练和模拟训练,避免在复习课本知识和培养能力之间顾此失彼。在此基础上,通过科学系统的训练,提高英语交际能力,从而收到事半功倍的效果。
E. 初中英语语法知识点有哪些
一、谓语动词和非谓语动词
从是否能充当句子中的谓语来看,动词有谓语动词和非谓语动词两大类。
1、谓语动词
有人称和数的变化。如:Heisa tractor driver.他是一个拖拉机手。
2、非谓语动词
非谓语动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种,在句子里都不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化。如:I am pleasedto meet you.我很高兴与你相识。(动词不定式)
二、实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词
从其含义来分,动词有实义动词(notional verb),连系动词(link verb),情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。
1、实义动词
实义动词有完全的词义,并能独立作谓语动词。
如:The sunshonebrightly this morning.
今天早晨阳光灿烂。
2、连系动词
连系动词在句中作谓语动词,后面跟表语。英语连系动词有be(是),seem(似乎),look(看来),keep(保持),become(变成),get(变得),grow(变得),feel(感到),turn(变得,变成),appear(显得),remain(仍旧是)等。
如:Itisnever too late to mend.
改过不嫌晚。
3、情态动词
情态动词有can (能),may (可以,也许),must(必须)等,表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。
4、助动词
助动词有shall,will,have,be,should,wonld, do等。它们只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式,以及否定和疑问等结构中的谓语动词。
三、及物动词和不及物动词
从是否能直接跟宾语来分,实义动词又有及物动词和不及物动词两类。
1、及物动词
后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。
如:Ibelievethat the committee willconsiderour suggestion.
我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
2、不及物动词
本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。
如:Ithappenedin June 1932.
这件事发生于一九三;年六月。
3、兼作及物动词和不及物动词
英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:
a) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)
b) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。
如:Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。
四、情态动词
在行为动词、连系动词以外,还有两类动词,其中之一就是情态动词。从字面上看,我们就知道这是表示“感情与态度”的动词。
比如:Icando it without much difficulty. (能够,表示自信)
事实上,情态动词的英文说法modal verb,还是值得推敲的。modal,来自于名词mode,和modality(模式,方式)紧密相关,包括likelihood可能性, ability 能力, permission 许可与obligation责任这四种模式。
情态动词自身所具备的意义一般来说也是不完整的,不过和需要涉及其他事物的及物动词不同,情态动词不涉及其他事物,需要的是其他动词,即行为动词和连系动词,来配合使用。
一般来说情态动词是不能用作行为动词的,但也有例外,比如need,既可以用作情态动词,也可以是行为动词,看它的后面跟的是什么。
五、助动词
还有一类动词,也是意义上不完整、需要配合行为动词、连系动词使用的,那就是助动词。顾名思义,助动词就是用来帮助主要动词构成谓语的。
主要包括进行时态的be(is / am / are / was / were)、一般时态的do / does / did,将来时态的will / shall / would / should和完成时态的have / has / had。这种动词的英文名称叫auxiliary verb,简写是v. aux.。
F. 初中英语什么是非谓语动词
非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,但仍保留动词的特点,如可以有自己的宾语和状语。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动词的-ing形式和过去分词。
什么是非谓语动词
非谓语动词有三种:动词不定式(to do)、动词的ing形式(动名词)、动词的ed形式(过去分词)。
这三种都是动词的变化形式,只是在句子中因为不做谓语,所以称为非谓语动词。非谓语动词可以做除谓语以外的其他句子成分,如主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。
非谓语动词成分
1.动词不定式的构成
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,有时to可以省略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,其否定形式为“not+动词不定式”。
2.动词的-ing形式的构成
动词的-ing形式由“动词原形+-ing”构成,其否定形式为“not+动词的-ing形式”。
3.动词的过去分词
动词的过去分词一般由“动词原形+-ed”构成,但有一部分是不规则的,需要同学们特别记忆。动词的过去分词除了构成完成时态和被动语态的谓语部分,在句中还可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。
什么是谓语
谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明 , 指出"做什么"do what,"是什么"what is this,或是"怎么样"how。
谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后,经常用动词和形容词搭配,然后用来充当谓语动词。在英语中,动词按作用和功能主要分为两大类,一类是谓语动词,另一类是非谓语动词。
G. 初中英语非谓语动词用法
有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别
1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)
forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)
2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事
3)remember to do 记住去做某事(未做)
remember doing记得做过某事(已做)
4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾
regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔
5)try to do努力、企图做某事
try doing试验、试一试某种办法
6) mean to do打算,有意要…
mean doing意味着
7)go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情)
go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)
8)propose to do 打算(要做某事)
proposing doing建议(做某事)
9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为;+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念
(注)如果这些动词前有should一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词。例如:
I should like to see him tomorrow.
10) need, want, deserve +动名词表被动意义;+不定式被动态表示“要(修、清理等)”意思。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
You must remember to leave tomorrow.你可要记着是明天动身。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。(已讲过)
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做,我实在没办法。(未做但要做)
You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。
Let's try doing the work some other way.让我们试一试用另外一种办法来做这工作。
I didn't mean to hurt your feeling.我没想要伤害你的感情。
This illness will mean (your) going to hospital.得了这种病(你)就要进医院。
4.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
(1)不定式作定语
1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系
He was the last one to leave school yesterday.昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。
The train to arrive was from London.将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。
2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系
Get him something to eat.给他拿点儿东西吃。
She has a lot of work to do in the morning.早上他有很多工作要做。
3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去。
I need a pen to write with.我需要一支笔写字。
There is nothing to worry about.没有什么值得发愁的。
4)不定式修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词如:
ability能力,本领 drive赶,驾驶 movement运动,活动
ambition抱负,野心 effort努力,尝试 need需要,需求
campaign战役,运动 failure失败,不及格 opportunity机会
chance机会 force力,压力,要点 promise许诺,希望
courage勇气 intention意向,意图 reason理由,原因
decision决定 method方法,方式 light光,光线,亮光
determination决心,决定 motive动机,目的 struggle奋斗,努力,
tendency倾向,趋势 wish希望,愿望,祝愿
5)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, second, last, only和not a,the等限定词时候,只能用不定式。
6)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。
John will do anything but work on a farm.除了农活,约翰什么都愿意干。
7)如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语,或者其形容词要器接不定式做补语,则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。如: tend to do---tendency to do;decide to do = decision to do;be curious to do = curiosity to do
His wish to buy a car came true.他要买辆车的愿望实现了。
Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.
他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个到来,最后一个离去。
(2)分词作定语
分词作定语时有下面几个特点:
1)现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含意。
2)现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。
He rushed into the burning house.他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。
The child standing over there is my brother.站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。
The room facing south is our classroom.朝南的房间是我们的教室。
Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗?
He is an advanced teacher.他是个先进教师。
3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义,这点要注意:
departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come
(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系
一般来说,不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后;现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如:
Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?
你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗?
Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?
你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗?
5.不定式和分词作状语的区别
(1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。
现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。
1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。
He went out shutting the door behind him.
他出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙。
2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.
在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。
(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别
1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的。
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)
2)分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因。
Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.由于在专心读书,他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)
Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)
Reading carefully,you'll learn something new.只要你仔细阅读,你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)
His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。(结果)
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.这男孩个子不够高,手伸不到书架。(结果)
We are glad to hear the news.我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)
(3)下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的:
a:not/never too…to, too…not to , but/only too… to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义
b:做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, proce 等。
c:不定式做状语时,其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语,否则用for引导主语。
6.非谓语动词常考的其它结构
(1)疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如:
When to start has not been decided.何时动身尚未决定。(主语)
I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。(宾语)
The difficulty was how to cross the river.困难在于如何过河。(表语)
I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(双重宾语)
注)A.有时疑问词前可用介词,如:
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。
B.动词know 后面不能直接跟不定式作宾语,只能跟疑问词(如:how, what)+不定式:
While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen.
(2)介词except和but作“只有…,只能…”讲时跟不定式结构(but与不带to的不定式连用)。
When the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet.
(3)不带to的不定式
1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有:
feel 觉得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear听到
watch注视 listen to听 perceive察觉,感知
notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听
On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue.
2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等。如:
Let him do it.让他做吧。
I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。
(注):
①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,如:
He was seen to come.
The boy was made to go to bed early.
②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如:
He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。
3)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)结构中。例如:
Last night I did nothing but watch TV.昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。
但是,如果谓语动词不是“do nothing,anything,everything”,那么but(except)所跟的不定式则仍须带。
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。
There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent.除了保持沉默以外,他们没有别有别的办法。
(4)不定式与动名词的逻辑主语和分词独立结构
1)不定式的逻辑主语为:for +名词(或代词宾格)+ 不定式。例如:
I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.我发现他—个人干这活是不可能的。
(注)在表示人物性格、特性等的形容词后面,常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语。例如:
It was wise of him to do that.他那样做是明智的。
2)动名词的逻辑主语为;①人称代词的所有格+动名词;②名词's+动名词。例如:
Tom insisted on my going with them.他坚持要我和他们一起去。
He dislikes his wife's working late.他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
3)某些形容词,如:careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有:absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等
It is very kind of you to help me.你帮助我太好了。
间或也可用for + there to be表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。
It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遗憾了公司里有这么多的麻烦。
7.非谓语动词中的有关句型
(1)动名词作主语的句型
1)Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore...)等名词+doing sth.
It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。
It is a great fun playing football.打篮球很有趣。
It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。
3)It is + useless (nice, good,interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth.
It is useless speaking.光说没用。
It is nice seeing you again.真高兴又遇到了你。
It is good Playing chess after supper.晚饭后弈棋挺好。
It is expensive running this car.开这种小车是浪费。
H. 初中英语语法非谓语动词
实意动词除作谓语外,还有不能单独作谓语的形式,即非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括:不定式,动名词,分词(现在分词和过去分词)
动名词
动名词是动词-ing形式的一种,特点是只能作句子的主语和宾语,但是没有单复数形式之分,在此不再赘述。
动词不定式
动词不定式在句子中可以充当主语,宾语(表语),定语,状语,和宾语补足语。
不定式充当主语常用形式主语it作形式主语,例如:
It
is
very
hard
to
finish
the
work
in
ten
minutes.
It
means
failure
to
lose
your
heart.
不定式充当宾语一般表示短暂的或尚未发生的行为。例如:
I
like
drinking
tea
in
usual,but
today
I
like
to
have
a
little
wine.
After
walking
for
a
whole
day,
Tom
only
wanted
to
sleep.
注意当不定式作宾语时如果有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,例:Marx
found
it
important
to
study
the
situation
in
Russia.
不定式作定语一般要后置,例如:①Allen
is
the
best
man
to
take
this
job.②He
found
a
good
house
to
live
in.
不定式作宾语补足语:在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,常见该类动词有:
want,
wish,
ask,
tell,
order,
beg,
permit,
help,
advise,
persuade,
allow,
prepare,
cause,
force,
call
on,
wait
for,
invite.
有些动词如make,
let,
see,
watch,
hear,
feel,
have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要to,
如:
I
saw
him
cross
the
road.
He
was
seen
to
cross
the
road.
此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:With
a
lot
of
work
to
do,
he
didn’t
go
to
the
cinema.
不定式作状语通常有以下几种用法:
表目的:He
worked
day
and
night
to
get
the
money.
注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:
表结果:He
arrived
late
to
find
the
train
gone.常用only放在不定式前表示强调:I
visited
him
only
to
find
him
out.
表原因:They
were
very
sad
to
hear
the
news.
表程度:It’s
too
dark
for
us
to
see
anything.
作独立成分:To
tell
you
the
truth,
I
don’t
like
the
way
he
talked.
注意①不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。If
you
don’t
want
to
do
it,
you
don’t
need
to.②不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。He
wished
to
study
medicine
and
become
a
doctor
分词
分词在句子中可以充当定语,补语和状语。注意在区分使用现在还是过去分词时,最简洁有效的方法是看分词与被修饰词的关系。如果分词的动作是被修饰词发出的,就使用现在分词;如果分词的动作是被修饰词承受的,就使用过去分词。例如:
作状语:
①Listening
to
the
music,Tom
cleaned
the
house.(听音乐的动作也是由Tom发出的)
②Blamed
by
his
father,
the
boy
left
home
without
words.(the
boy是责骂的承受者)
注意当动作由被修饰者发出但是分词的动作与主句的动作有明显时间差时,要使用现在分词的完成时,例如:
Having
finished
all
the
homework,
Mary
helped
her
mother
with
the
housework.做完功课之后,玛丽帮妈妈做家务。
作定语和宾语补足语:
The
interesting
boy
makes
people
interested.这个有趣的小男孩让人们很感兴趣。(boy是动作的发出者,所以用现在分词修饰;people是承受者,所以用过去分词修饰)
The
annoying
noise
made
all
students
annoyed.恼人的噪音让学生们都很恼火。(noise是动作的发出者,所以用现在分词修饰;students是承受者,所以用过去分词修饰)
动词现在分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别见单词总结。
I. 非谓语动词知识点总结是什么
非谓语动词:即不是谓语的动词形式,主要有三大分类:动词的ing形式。
动词的不定式to,do,动词的分词形式(现在分词和过去分词)
非谓语动词可以充当多种成分,如:主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一,同时也是较难掌握的难点之一。它贯穿于英语学习和考试过程的始终。但是,只要认真分析、透彻理解、看透本质、准确把握,就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄,游刃有余。
(9)初中英语非谓语知识点扩展阅读:
不定式
1、“to” 是不定式符号还是介词,下列短语中的to 都是介词。
agree to object to close to,come to,lead to,refer to
equal to,familiar to,point to,thank to,devote to,next to,belong to,be used to,look forward to。
2、带to 还是不带to
I have no choice but to give in
I cannot do anything but give in
I saw him enter the classroom
( 但是:He was seen to enter the classroom )
J. 英语非谓语动词知识点详解
编者按:高考前的第一轮复习也开始一段时间了,同学们都在利用这些复习的时间强化学习,为大家整理了非谓语动词知识点,在高三英语第一轮复习时,给您最及时的帮助!
不定式主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系
一般式To doTo be done动作发生在谓语动作之后
进行式To be doing 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式To have doneTo have been done动作发生在谓语动作之前
动名词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的`关系
一般式DoingBeing done与谓语动作同时发生
完成式Having doingHaving been done动作发生在谓语动作之前
现在分词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系
一般式DoingBeing done与谓语动作同时发生
完成式Having doneHaving been done动作发生在谓语动作之前
不定式
一、不定式的作用
1、作主语不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。 往往用it作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。如:
.
.
Itisverykindofyoutohelpus.
注意:(1)其他系动词如look,appear等也可用于此句型。
(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用Itis…to…的句型。试比较:
.(错)
.(对)
(3)Itis+adj.of/forsb.todosth.结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of,否则用for.
2、作宾语
(1)动词+不定式。如:
Hemanagedtoescapefromthefire.
Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.(it作形式宾语)
注:下列动词通常用不定式作宾语:want,try,hope,wish,need,forget,know,promise,refuse,help,decide,begin,start,learn,agree,choose,get等
(2)动词+疑问词+to,“特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。如:
Idon‘tknowwhattodonext/howtodoitnext.
Ican’tdecidewhentogothere.
注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it作形式宾语。如:
.
3、作宾语补足语
(1)动词+宾语+不定式(todo)。如:
Hewarnedmetobecareful.
IwantyoutospeaktoTom.
Whatmakesyouthinkso?(不带to的不定式)
注:可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有:ask,tell,order,want,get,wouldlike,like,advise,invite,allow,help,wish,warn,expect,prefer,encourage
(2)表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+tobe的不定式结构。如:
.
Thebookisbelievedtobeuseful.(被动语态)
(3)There+不定式。如:
Wedidn‘.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。
注意:
(1)有些动词需用as短语作补语,像regard,think,believe,take,consider。如:
WeregardTomasourbestteacher.我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Marytookhimasherfather.玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
(2)在动词feel(一感),hear,listento(二听),have,let,make(三让),notice,see,watch,observe,lookat(五看)(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。如:
Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.
(3)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.
Ioftenhelphim(to)cleantheroom.
Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.