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西安有哪些动漫屋 2024-11-17 06:48:18

初中英语语法知识西瓜视频

发布时间: 2022-12-21 01:58:58

1. 初中英语语法知识

中学英语语法精典总结 1.sometimes/some times/sometime/some time: sometimes: “有时”=at times. He is sometimes late for school. some times: “几次”I have been to Nanjing some times. sometime: “某一时刻”I bought it sometime last spring. some time: “一段时间”We have to stay here for some time. 2.need 的用法:1.need可当情态动词(和can等用法类似,但need只用于疑问句或否定句中):Need I go now? (need 在一般疑问句的开头) I needn’t tell you the answer. (否定句中直接在need后加not) 【当情态动词时,need无时态变化。】 need 可当行为动词(和want 等用法类似): He needs a bike. (后可直接加名词) I need to go over my lessons. (后接带to不定式) Do you need to have a rest? (一般疑问句中do, does, did在句首) We don’t need to wait for her coming. (否定句中do,does,did提前) 【注:need 后接表被动的内容时,可表达为: The TV needs to be repaired. = The TV needs repairing.】 3.do with 与deal with: 都译为“处理,对付,安排,应付” What have you done with the milk? 用what提问。 How shall we deal with this problem? 用how提问。 下面两句由此而来:Could you tell me what to do with the milk? Could you tell me how to deal with this problem?4.就近原则:常见的有:Either you or Lucyis wrong. There is a dog and two cats in the yard. (there be句型) Not only you but (also) Iam strict in the work. Neither you nor Lucy has seen the film before. 5.主谓一致:One/Neither of you is right. (单数谓语) Tom, with his friends, has gone. (主语是Tom, 单数谓语) This pair of shoes looks beautiful. (主语是pair, 单数谓语) The shoes look beautiful. (主语无pair, 复数谓语) Every boy and every girl has a chance to do it. (单数谓语) The old need to be looked after carefully. The young are energetic. (the 加形容词表一类人,谓语用复数) Mr. and Mrs Green are from America. 指格林夫妇 (复数谓语) The teacher and writer is an able man.指教师兼作家, 一个人,单数谓语。 Both you and I are excited about the news. (复数谓语) the number of与a number of6.quite/such/really用法之一:如果出现不定冠词时,常放在后面。 It’s quite an easy question. He is quite a clever boy. It’s such an important lesson.(另见33) Lily is really a lazy girl. 7.部分用what 提问的句型: What size do you want? What will you do with the problem? What’s the population of China? What day is it today? What’s the date today? What’s the price of this one? 8.there be部分用法:1There is only a student taking notes now. There is no need to open the box. There are 20 trees to be planted. 2常有以下结构: there may/will/must/is going to/used to/…be. … 3there be中不可再出现have/has/had(有)的词。 9.常见表否定的词或短语:no, not, hardly, few, little, neither, nor, nothing, nobody, none, nowhere等. 有些有时在某些句型中也相当于否定,如without, too…to… without anything, too tired to go any further 但前缀如dis--, un--, in--或后缀如--less,并不表否定。 10.常见后接动词原形的词或短语: why not / had better / please /would you please / let / make / 情态动词,等等。【注意否定形式:had better/ would you please/ let直接加not + 动原;而please加don’t+动原】 11.常见后接动词ing的词或短语:finish /enjoy /practice /give up / end up /put off /consider /keep /feel like /prefer…to…/can’t help / be busy /be worth /take turns /miss(错过) /spend /have fun /介词等。 12.常见后接带to不定式的词或短语:want /hope /wish /allow /encourage /ask /tell /pretend /decide /plan/invite /urge/ advise/warn/ seem /in order (为了) /疑问词,等等。 另外it作形式主语,后也常有带to不定式。 【否定:以上大多词 + not + to do sth】 13.被动语态(be +v.过去分词)用法:I did it. →It was done. 双宾:He told us a story.→We were told a story.→A story was told to us. She passed me a pen.→I was passed a pen.→A pen was passed to me. 情态动词:We can make a plan. →A plan can be made. 进行时态:Tom is writing a letter.→A letter is being written by Tom. 完成时态:I have finished the work. →The work has been finished. 14.名词或所属格作定语:1强调性别时a man doctor / two men doctors ; a woman teacher / six women teachers 被修饰词是单数时,性别也用单数;被修饰词是复数时,性别也用复数。 2a girl actor / four girl actors a boy player / two boy players a bus station / some bus stations 复数只变被修饰的词。 3a boys’ team / a gentlemen’s holiday / the Teachers’ Day / the Children’s Day “复数 + ’s ”作定语,译为“…的…” 4Father’s Day / Mother’s Day 此处“单数 + ’s ”作定语。 附:and连接的名词所属格:Lucy’s and Ann’s fathers are workers. 分别是两个人的爸爸,所以应分别加“’s” Lucy and Ann’s father is very interesting. 两个人共有的爸爸,所以在两人后只加一个“’s”。) 15.win与beat区别:win后加物:I’m sure Jim will win the match. We won the first place in the sports meeting. 而beat后加的是人:I’m afraid they will beat us. I hope we can beat the boys’ team. (男子队,相当于人。) 16.it/that/one的部分用法:1it 指上文的某个事物,和上文是同一个。This book is very useful. I will take good care of it. it也可指上文所说的事:My son has lost himself in the computer games. I’m worried about it. 2that与上文所说是同一类,但不是同一个,常指不可数名词。The food in China is quite different from that in America. The weather of Hainan is better than that of Gansu. that也可指上文所说的事:A: I had an accident and broke my legs. B: I’m sorry to hear that. 3one 指代上文所说的某类可数名词单数,但不是同一个物。This sweater is too expensive, do you have another one?(也指毛衣,但不是上文那个) 17.at/by the end of, in the end 的区别: 1at the end of +时间点或地点,“在…的尽头,在…的末尾” They will have a sports meeting at the end of March. (加时间) He put some books at the end of the bed. (加地点) 2by the end of +时间点,“截止到…末” 若接过去的时间点,常用过去完成时:They had planted six thousand trees by the end of last month. 若接将来的时间,常用一般将来时:We shall finish the work by the end of next month. 3in the end “最后”,后不加of 短语:They wanted to find a place to rest in, in the end, they saw a village. 18.have gone to/have been to/have been in: 1have gone to+地点“已去了…(还未回来)”-I can’t find those children, where are they? -They have gone to the farm. (去了农场,不在这儿) 2have been to+地点“去过…(原来去过,现在已回)”句尾常接次数或多个地点或before,或句中常有ever, never等。 She has been to Qing three times. I have been to two big cities. Have you been to Dalian before? I have never/ever been to Dalian. I have never been there before. (此短语省略了to) 3have been in+地点,“已在…(多久了)”句尾常接for+时间段,或since +时间点/一般过去时的句子。 Peter has been in China for a long time. I’ve been here for 2 hours/since 2 hours ago. (此短语省略了in) 19.all/whole用法:all (of) the land / all (of) the class / all (of) the students…【all 在定冠词the 前】 the whole school / the whole country / the whole area…【whole 在定冠词the 后】 20.a bit / a little区别:都可作副词,后直接加形容词和副词。 I’m a bit / a little hungry. She feels a bit / a little tired. 也可作代词或形容词,后接名词时有所不同: I have only a little drink. She ate a little bread and went out. (a little 直接加名词) 而下文:I have only a bit of drink. She ate a bit of bread and went out. (a bit 先加of再加名词) 21.“擅长”与“不擅长”; “对…有利”与“对…有害”: “擅长”:be good at / do well in “不擅长”:be bad in / be poor in / be weak in / do badly in “对…有利”:be good for “对…有害”:be bad for 22. 表数量的词和短语的部分用法:1none / all / some / most / plenty of / a lot of (lots of) 后既可接可数名词复数,也可接不可数名词。2many / (a) few / a number of / several只接可数名词复数。3much / (a) little / a bit of只接不可数名词。 23.易用错的副词:1really可修饰动词、副词和形容词,常在它们前面。I really love reading. I really miss you. (修饰动词) Tom speaks really quickly. 汤姆说得非常快。(修饰副词) It’s really kind of you. 你真好。 (修饰形容词) 2very much常修饰动词want, miss, hate, love, like, dislike, enjoy, take after(长得像…), move(使…感动), excite(使…激动)等等。常在句尾。Jack wants to go there very much. 杰克很想去那 23very修饰形容词和副词,放在它们前面: She is very kind. I am very happy. Peter speaks very slowly. (very不可修饰动词:I very like English. He very misses you.等类似结构都是错误的。) 24.常用于现在完成时的词或短语:for(后加时间段,句中谓语用延续性动词);since(后加时间点或一般过去时的句子,主句谓语用延续性动词);How long(对时间段或for与since引导的内容提问,句中谓语也用延续性动词)in/all one’s life(在某人一生);in/ring the past/last+时间段 (在最近的…时间内) ;so far(到目前为止);yet(用于句尾,用在疑问句或否定句中);already (用于句中或句尾,用在肯定的陈述句中) ;ever;never;just;before(单独用在句子末尾,常用此时态。但若时间段加before, 常用过去完成时) 以及recently等. 25.形容词与副词区别:1形容词修饰名词,作定语(划线部分): She is a kind girl. What bad weather! I bought a new bike. 形容词可在系动词后,作表语(划线部分): The girl is kind. His face turned red. It tastes sweet. 2副词(划线部分)修饰动词、形容词、副词,也可修饰整个句子。 He ran quickly. Please speak loudly. Tim lives alone. 修饰动词 She is very angry. He felt too tired. I’m so lucky. 修饰形容词 He got up quite early. She did it very well. 修饰副词 Unluckily, I failed the English exam. 修饰整个句子26.everyday与every day: everyday是形容词,后接名词,“日常的”。He is practicing everyday English. every day是副词,作时间状语,“每天”。We speak English every day.

2. 初中英语语法基础知识大全 初中英语语法知识详解

英语句子成分分七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。详情如下:

1、主语:句子的主体,全句述说的对象。回答是“谁”或者“什么”。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当,位于句首。

如:The boy needs a pen.

Smoking is bad for you = To smoke is bad for you

2、谓语:说明主语的动作或状态。回答“做(什么)”。由动词或系动词加表语担任,常置于主语后。

如:The train leaves at 6 o’clock.

She is reading.

3、宾语:表示动作的对象。回答做的是“什么”。一般由名词或代词担当,常置于谓语后。

如:He won the game.

He likes playing computer.

注意:

(1)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物(直接宾语),一个指人(间接宾语)。

间接宾语一般放在直接宾语前面。

如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)

(2)有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。

如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

4、表语:用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。一般由名词或形容词担任,置于系动词或be动词之后。

如:He is a student. We are tired.

注意:除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,

(1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。

(2)表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go等。

(3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。

5、定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。

如:The black bike is mine.(形容词)

The boy in blue is Jim.(介词短语)

I have nothing to do today.(动词不定式)

注意:

(1)当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如: I tell him something interesting.

(2)不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。

例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games.

6、状语:用以修饰动词、形容词、副词及全句,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任位置灵活。

(1)修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;

如:I am very sorry.

(2)表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首。

如:In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.

They are writing English in the classroom.

(3)一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。

如:We often help him.

He is always late for class.

7、补语:补充说明宾语怎么样或干什么,。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。

如:He made me sad.(形容词)

She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式)

The war made him a soldier.(名词)

I find him at home.(介词短语)

I saw a cat running along the wall.(分词)

8、同位语:通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。

如:Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.

I myself will do the experiment.

She is the oldest among them six.

3. 初中英语语法知识归纳

英语语法一直以来都是很多初中生头疼的内容,由于英语语法知识比较复杂,很多学生都学不好这部分的知识。下面是我为大家整理的关于初中英语语法知识归纳,希望对您有所帮助。欢迎大家阅读参考学习!

初中英语语法知识归纳

名词的所有格:表所有关系

两种表示法:’s和of

1)用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加’s;表示分别拥有各自的物品时,两个名词都要加’s.

eg: Mary and her sister’s bedroom 玛丽和她妹妹的房间 Tom’s and Mary’s bags 汤姆的和玛丽的包

2)以s结尾的名词,在s后加’, 不以s结尾的加’s

eg: Teachers’ Day Children’s Day

3)双重所有格,形式:of+名词所有格;of+名词性物主代词

eg:He is a friend of my brother’s. Is she a daughter of yours ?

辨析: a picture of her mother’s 她妈妈的一张照片(强调照片是她妈妈的,但照片上的人不一定是她妈妈)

a picture of her mother 她妈妈的照片(强调照片上的人是她妈妈) 4)表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名称时,常用名词后加上’s代表全称 at the doctor’s 在医院的候诊室

5)在some, any, every和one, boby结合起来的复合名词后加’s

someone’s book 某人的书, somebody else’s pencil 其他人的铅笔

6)表示时间,距离,国家,城市等无生命的名词,也可以在词尾加’s或’构成所有格。

意:名词+of+名词名词是有生命的,我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系.如: the legs of the desk,the door of the room

但在表示名词所有格时,’s结构也常可转换成of结构。有些表示时间,距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以加’s来构成所有格.如: ten minutes' walk,today's newspaper

初中英语必背语法知识

1、be late for„. „„迟到

Don’t be late for school.不要上学迟到。

2、play + 球类名词:打/踢„„球(注意: 球类运动 不用冠词)

play +the+ 乐器(西洋)

playping-pong/basketball/volleyball/tennis/soccer

3、sound

1)连系动词,“听起来”,后接形容词作表语。

That story sounds very interesting.那 故事 听起来很有趣。

2)名词“声音”(泛指自然界中的各种声音)。

The sound is too loud.声音太大了。

4、every day 每天

She plays sports every day. 她每天都做运动。

everyday日常的 everyday English 日常英语

5.after class 下课后 after school 放学后

6. 辨析interesting与interested

1) interesting可作表语,指某人/事/物本身有趣;也可作定语修饰人或物

① The book is interesting.这书很有趣。 (作表语)

②I have an interestingbook.我有本有趣的书。(作定语)

2) interested用于be/get/become interested in„(对„„感兴趣)这一结构中。

He is interested inplaying football.他对踢 足球 感兴趣。

7、like 喜欢

1)like sb. / sth.喜欢某人/某物

2) like to do sth.喜欢/想要做某事(表一次性或特指的某一具体的动作)

3) like doing sth喜欢做某事(表习惯性的动作或 爱好 )

①我喜欢每天打 篮球 。I like playing basketballevery day.

②今天很冷,我喜欢呆在家里。Todayis cold, I like to stay at home.

初中英语语法知识

一、陈述句

陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法的,陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。陈述句句末用句号,朗读时用降调。

1、肯定句的基本结构为:主+谓 He went to London to pass his holiday.

2、否定句的表达方式

(1)主语+be+not+表语 He is not a teacher.

(2)主语+助动词/情态动词+not+谓语动词+其他 I don't think you are right. He hasn't yet paid the money. (他尚未付钱。)

(3)使用“not”以外的否定词:

(a)副词:never, seldom, hardly, little, neither等。She seldom comes to see me. (她不常来看我。)

(b)形容词:no, few, little等 He has few friends in Hong Kong. (他在香港几乎没有朋友。)

(c)代词:nothing, nobody, none等。I found nobody about computer. (在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。)

二、疑问句

疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题,询问情况。分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。

1、一般疑问句通常用来询问一件事情是否属实。答句通常是“yes或no”。 句型一:Be +主语+ …?Are these books on the desk?这些书在桌子上吗?

句型二:Do / Does / Did + 主语 +谓语+…?Do you like English?你喜欢英语吗? 句型三:情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语 +…?

Must I finish my homework now?我必须现在完成我的家庭作业吗?

句型四:Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词+…?

Have you heard from him? 你收到他的来信吗?

另外,还有以be动词、助动词或情态动词的否定缩写形式开头的一般疑问句,这种 句子 一般表示请求、惊讶和对事物的看法等,回答时所用的yes和no表达的意思和汉语的习惯不同。例如:——Isn't he tall?难道他不高吗?

—— Yes, he is.不,他很高。

2、特殊疑问句以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what 、who 、whose 、which、 when、 where、 how 、why等。例如: who is singing in the room?

what class are you in﹖

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4. 初中英语语法知识归纳

初中英语语法知识归纳 篇1

一、冠词 a / an 的用法

a用于辅音音素前 a useful book, a university

an则用于元音音素前 an hour, an honest boy , an “A E F H I L M N O R S X”

二、定冠词the的用法:

1)特指双方都明白的人或物: Give me the book.

2)上文提到过的人或事: ---Do you know the lady in blue? –Yes, she is a teacher of a university.

3)指世上独一物二的事物the sun ( sky / moon/ earth/ world/ nature/ universe )

4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元; The lion is a wild animal.或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich /poor/ blind/ aged / living / impossible

5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very, same等前面:I live on the second floor.

6)用在表示身体部位的名词前: She caught me by the arm.

7)用在表示乐器和表方位的名词之前: She plays the piano violin guitar in the north of China

8)用在普通名词构成专有名词前: the People's Republic of China the United States the Great Wall the Summer Palace

9) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:the Greens are playing the piano.

10) in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening),in the middle (of),in the end, all the time at the same time on the whole,by the way,go to the cinema at he age of six at the beginning of the twenty-first century on the other side of at the moment the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky (water,field,country)in the dark, in the rain

三、不用定冠词的情况

1) 国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:China , Europe 欧洲 Lei Feng 雷锋

2)物质名词和抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。

3)在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词; Children’s Day Mother’s Day Father’s Day

4)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词; He is captain of the team.

5)在三餐、四季,球类运动、学科、娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词 如:have breakfast /supper / lunch,play basketball / football / volleyball / chess , in spring/summer/ autumn/ winter

初中英语语法知识归纳 篇2

1. 被动语态的基本时态变化

被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:

1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时

例:Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

2) has /have been done 现在完成时

例:All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时

例:A new cinema is being built here.

4) was/were done 一般过去时

例:I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

5) had been done 过去完成时

例: By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.

6) was/were being done 过去进行时

例:A meeting was being held when I was there.

7) shall/will be done 一般将来时

例:Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

8) should/would be done 过去将来时

例:The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)

例:The project will have been completed before July.

2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。

例:The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

例:His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。

例:Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。

例:Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

初中英语语法知识归纳 篇3

1)will/shall+动词原形 shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。will not=won't shall not=shan't例如:

Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?

2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。

a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?

b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be proced next month。这出戏下月开播。

c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。

3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:

He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

Notice:be to和be going to

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如:

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)

5)现在进行时表将来时

下列动词的现在进行时表示将来时

go.come.fly.leave.start.begin.finish.end.arrive and so on.

she is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow.

6)一般现在时表将来

1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。

2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。

初中英语语法知识归纳 篇4

构词法

英语构词法主要有:合成法、派生法和转换法。

1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。

2、派生法:(1)派生名词:①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+(t)ion ④形容词+ness ⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge

(2)派生形容词:①名词+y ②名词+ful ③动词+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩国名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, following, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious

(3)派生副词:①形容词+ly ②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly

3、转换法:

(1)形容词→动词,如:dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。

(2)动词→名词,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。

(3)名词→动词,如:hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。

(4)形容词→副词,如:early→early, fast→fast等等。

(5)副词→连词,如:when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。

(6)介词→副词,如:in(到……里)→(在里面;在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续)

名词:

1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:

1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。

专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城)

姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。

2、普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。

2、英语可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

1hero→heroes, photo→photos, piano→pianos.

不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。一盒牛奶:

3、名词所有格:

1、 名词所有格如:Childern’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)

(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如:Teachers’ Day(教师节)

(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 如:

today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息),

(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如:

2、[注解]:

① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)

② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)

③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如:a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)

4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题:

1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式:如:The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)

2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,

① 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)

② 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如:Class Three have a map of China.(三班有张中国地图)

3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)

4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数:The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)

5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如:

The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)

6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如:A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)

7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如:The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)

8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如:There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)

9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如:Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)

10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如:A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的'孩子(当时)就站在路边)

11、either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如:Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)

12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如:Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)

13、主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如:Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English. / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句)

但是,population一词又有特殊情况: What’s the population of China?(中国人口是多少?)(句子用单数) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数)

5、部分名词用法辨析:

1、sport、game、match、race 的区别:sport通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,概念较大;game意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动;match意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛;race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如:People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜爱运动) / The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奥运会将在北京举行)(被动句) / Our school football team won the league match(联赛).(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军) / They were strong and won the boat race.(汤他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛)

2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别:festival“节日”,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动;holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期;vacation“假期”,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。如:The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海电视节将在下个月举行) / Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作) / What are you going to do ring the summer vacation/holidays?(在暑期你打算做什么事情?)

3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别:journey指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思;tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等;trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等;travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。如:He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行观光去了) / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次) / Did you go to Santiago(圣地亚哥) ring your travels?(旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗?) / Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的)

4、sound、noise、voice的区别:sound指各种声音;noise主要指“噪音”;voice指人的“嗓音”。如:The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠) / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音)

5、fish的问题:指许多条鱼且不管种类时,用fish,单复数相同;fishes 指许多种类的鱼;fish指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。如:There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子里有很多种类的鱼)/ I prefer fish to meat.(与肉相比我更喜欢鱼)

代词:

1、代词的分类:英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。

2、人称代词:人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。

5. 初中英语语法知识大全

众所周知,英语语法作为英语的核心,就好比我们语文的语序,修辞手法等的运用,要想学好英语,它的语法是很重要的。

一.名词

名词的种类:

II. 名词的数:

1. 规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:

2. 不规则名词复数:英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:

III. 名词的所有格:

名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。

1. ’s所有格的构成:

2. ’s所有格的用法:

3. of所有格的用法:

用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book

用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students

用于名词化的词:the struggle of the oppressed

二.冠词

冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。

不定冠词的用法:

II. 定冠词的用法:

III. 零冠词的用法:

三.代词:

代词可以分为以下七大类:

四.形容词和副词

形容词:

1. 形容词的位置:

2) 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序:

3) 复合形容词的构成:

副词

副词的分类:

III. 形容词和副词比较等级:

形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级,比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est,多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。

1. 同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如:I am not so good a player as you are.

2. 可以修饰比较级的词有:much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。

3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型。如:The harder you work, the more progress you will make.

4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如:I have never spent a more worrying day.

5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:

Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.

6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如:favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。

6. 求初中英语语法知识点

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7. 初中英语语法知识点归纳总结

初中英语语法是学习英语最基础的语法了,下面我为大家总结了初中英语语法知识点归纳,仅供大家参考。

一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:

I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。

2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:

The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

3) 表示格言或警句。例如:

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:

比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。

3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。

4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。

2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。

共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。

以上就是我为大家总结的 初中英语 语法知识点归纳,仅供参考,希望对大家有所帮助。

8. 初中英语必备语法知识

对于大部分初中生来说,英语语法是十分难学的,不仅难理解,不好记忆,部分复发内容还很容易混淆。下面是我为大家整理的关于初中英语必备语法知识,希望对您有所帮助。欢迎大家阅读参考学习!

初中英语语法知识 总结

一、时间状语从句种类

1、引导的从句表示主从句的动作同时发生,或从句的动作在主句之前。when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。例如:

When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我停止吃饭。(瞬时动词)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)

We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。

2、While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如:While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生)I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢 足球 ,而你喜欢打 篮球 。(对比)

3、As表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如:We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示”一边……一边“)As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)

4、由before和after引导的时间状语从句,表示两个动作一前一后发生。 例如:It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。

After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。

5、由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until.并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。till不可以用在句首,而until可以放在句首。例如:

I didn't go to bed until(till)my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。

初中英语语法知识归纳

感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)

感叹句通常有what, how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。

what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种:

掌握它的搭配,即掌握了感叹句的重点。

How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序

How+形容词或副词+ 陈述语序

What +名词+ 陈述语序

What+a+形容词+名词+ 陈述语序

What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序

What+ 形容词+不可数名词+ 陈述语序

How clever a boy he is!

How lovely the baby is!

What noise they are making!

What a clever boy he is!

What wonderful ideas (we have)!

What cold weather it is!

感叹句的省略形式为:

What a clever boy (he is)!

定义:表达强烈情绪(喜、怒、哀、乐、惊、恐等)的 句子 叫做感叹句。

强烈情绪的表达通常有下列三种方式:

(a)使用感叹词;

(b)只用情绪感觉的语词,例如:

Water! Water! Quick!

(水!水!快!——如救火或救人时。)

What taste!

(这是什么味道啊!——如吃到怪味时)

(c)使用“How…!”或“What(a)…!”的句式,例如:

How beautiful you are, Helen!

(海伦,你是多么美!)

初中英语语法知识

可数名词的复数形式

1.可数名词的复数形式的规则变化:

1)一般情况,直接词尾加s, 读音:在清辅音后读/s/,在浊辅音和元音后读/z/,在t后读/ts/,在d后读/dz/,在以元音字母加y结尾的单词中,读/z/

如:cake-cakes,day-days ,student-students, bed-beds

2)以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词,加es,读/ⅠZ/, 如bus-buses, class-classes, watch-watches

3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i加es,读/z/

如:baby-babies, city-cities, country-countries, lady-ladies 4)部分以f(fe)结尾的词,变f(fe)为ves,读/vz/ 如:leaf-leaves, wolf-wolves, life-lives 5)以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词,加s,读/ⅠZ/ 如:face-faces, orange-oranges

2.不规则变化

1)单复同形:fish-fish,sheep-sheep, deer-deer, Chinese-chinese, Japanse 2)个别字母变化:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet 其他:mouse-mice 某国人变复数

中国人:a Chinese-chinese

某国人:an Enlishman-Englishmen 阿拉伯人:an Arab-Arabs

口诀:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面

3)以-o结尾的名词,加es

记忆口诀:黑人英雄爱吃薯仔西红柿 而一般情况下加s: zoo-zoos, radio-radios

4)复合名词前面的名词是man,woman变复数时,构成复合名词的两个名词全都要变成复数形式;若其他词,变复数时,只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。 a man teacher—men teachers

a boy student-boy students

5)字母、数字、引语或缩略(词)语的复数形式是其后加’s或s There are two f’s in the word “office”. Many VIPs are coming to our city.

6)有些以f或fe结尾的词直接加s变成复数 roof-roofs, belief-beliefs, proof-proofs, chief-chiefs

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