① 英语最基本的语法知识归纳
英语语法知识
be可以用于下列几种情况：
1) be + 形容词
I am very happy. 我很幸福。
He is very kind. 他人非常好。
The fruit is very nice. 这水果很新鲜。
2) be + 名词
Mr. Wang is our English teacher. 王先生是我们的英语老师。
They are our friends. 他们都是我们的朋友。
He is a very clever boy. 他是一个非常聪明的男孩儿。
3) be + 介词短语
The book is on the desk. 书在桌子上呢。
She is at home now. 她现在在家。
Are they from America? 他们是美国来的`吗?
4) be + 形容词短语
He is only twelve years old. 他只有12岁。
5) be + 副词
Class is over. 下课了。
英语语法知识重点
一、 一般将来时
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are +going to + do+其它;主语+will/shall + do+其它
4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are not going to do ;主语+will/shall not do+其它
5.一般疑问句：be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将有一场比赛和我们一起研究。
It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
二、 一般过去将来时
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语：The next day (morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构：主语+was/were +going to + do+其它;主语+would/should + do+其它
4.否定形式：主语+was/were+not + going to + do; 主语+would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他第二天要去北京。
I asked who was going there.我问，谁要去那里。
英语语法基础知识
情态动词 can
如果你想表达自己能做某事，该怎么说呢?你可以说：
I can speak English. 我会说英语。
I can dance. 我会跳舞。
I can play table tennis. 我会打乒乓球。
在表达“某人能做某事”时，一般可以用“can+动词原形”表达。如果表达自己不能做某事，可以在can后直接加not，成为cannot，也可以缩写为can't。如： I cannot play football. 我不会踢足球。
Dick can't speak Chinese. 迪克不会说汉语。
can是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化。不论表示谁能(不能)做某事，都是用can (not)。
Daming can ride a bike. He can't drive a car. 大明会骑自行车，他不会开车。 They can swim. They can't dance. 他们会游泳，不会跳舞。
She can play football. She can't play basketball. 她会踢足球，不会打篮球。
如果是询问某人能不能做某事，则要使用can的疑问形式，即将can提至句首。如：
— Can you speak Chinese? 你会说汉语吗?
— Yes, I can. / No, I can't. 是的，我会。/不，我不会。
— Can she swim? 她会游泳吗?
— Yes, she can. / No, she can't. 是的，她会。/不，她不会。
② 句子的种类英语基础语法汇总
句子 的类型句子可以从不同的角度进行分类。按照句子的语气,句子可分为陈述句、祈使句、感叹句、疑问句四种,一般称为句类。以下是我整理的句子的种类英语基础语法汇总，希望大家喜欢。
1句子的种类
(一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1) 陈述句(Declarative Sentences)：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。
Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。(说明事实)
The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。
(说明看法)
2) 疑问句(Interrogative Sentences)：提出问题。有以下四种：
a.一般疑问句(General Questions)：
Can you finish the work in time?
你能按时完成工作吗?
b.特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions)：
Where do you live?你住那儿?
How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?
c.选择疑问句(Alternative Questions)：
Do you want tea or coffee?
你是要茶还是要咖啡?
d.反意疑问句(Tag-Questions)：
He doesn't know her, does he?
他不认识她，对不对?
3) 祈使句(Imperative Sentences)：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如：
Sit down, please.请坐。
Don't be nervous!别紧张!
4) 感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences)：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如：
What good news it is!多好的消息啊!
(二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：
1) 简单句(Simple Sentences)：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句，例如：
She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢 集邮 。
(主) (谓)
2) 并列句(Compound Sentences)：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，例如：
The food was good, but he had little appetite.
(主) (谓) (主)(谓)
食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。
3) 复合句(Complex Sentences)：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导，例如：
The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
主句 从句
我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。
(三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns)：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：
1)主 + 动(SV)例如：
I work.我工作。
2)主 + 动 + 表(SVP)例如：
John is busy.约翰忙。
3)主 + 动 + 宾(SVO)例如：
She studies English.她学英语。
4)主 + 动 + 宾 + 补(SVOC)例如：
Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。
5)主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾(SVOiOd)例如：
My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
2祈使句结构
祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。
1) 祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。
Take this seat.
Do be careful.
否定结构：
Don't move.
Don't be late.
2) 第二种祈使句以let开头。
Let 的反意疑问句
a. Let's 包括说话者
Let's have another try，shall we / shan't we?
= Shall we have another try?
b.Let us 不包括说话者
Let us have another try，will you / won't you?
= Will you please let us have another try?
否定结构：
Let's not talk of that matter.
Let us not talk of that matter.
3感叹句结构
感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。
what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：
掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。
How +形容词+ a +名词+陈述语序
How+形容词或副词+陈述语序
What +名词+陈述语序
What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序
What+ 形容词+复数名词+ 陈述语序
What+ 形容词+不可数名词+ 陈述语序
How clever a boy he is!
How lovely the baby is!
What noise they are making!
What a clever boy he is!
What wonderful ideas (we have)!
What cold weather it is!
感叹句的省略形式为：
What a clever boy (he is)!
典型例题
1)___ food you've cooked!
A. How a niceB. What a niceC. How nice D. What nice
答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词，副词;what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词，因此A，B 排除。C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)
2)___terrible weather we've been having these days!
A. What B. What aC. How D. How a
答案A. weather为不可数名词，B，D排除。C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。
3) --- _____ I had!
--- You really suffered a lot.
A. What a timeB. What time C. How a time D. how time
答案A.感叹句分两类：
1：What + n.+主谓部分
2：How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种，但省略了bad，相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。
4强调句结构
常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。
It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。
此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。
It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
典型例题
1) It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A.the timeB.when C.thatD.which
答案C. 强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 "who"，其余用that。
原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. thatB. when C. since D. as
答案C. 考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that'，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
It is /was +时间+ since…其中is<---> has been was <---> had been.
5 用助动词进行强调
强调句还有一种类型，就是用助动词do (did，does) 强调谓语。
She does like this horse.她的确喜欢这匹马。
13.5 反意疑问句
1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?
2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3)陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?
4)含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5)陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7)陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8)陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9)陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。
What colours, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?
12)陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：
a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they?(does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
18)陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
19)否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
20)must在表"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
He must be there now, isn't he?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?
快速记忆表
陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分
I aren't I
Wishmay +主语
no,nothing,nobody,never,
few, seldom, hardly, 肯定含义
rarely, little等否定
含义的词
ought to(肯定的) shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语
have to+v.(had to+v.)don't +主语(didn't +主语)
used to didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语
had better + v.hadn't you
would rather + v.wouldn't +主语
you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主语
must 根据实际情况而定
感叹句中 be +主语
Neither…nor,
either…or 连接的根 据其实际逻辑意义而定
并列主语
指示代词或不定代词
everything,that,主语用it
nothing,this
并列复合句谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
定语从句,宾语从句的
主从复合句根据主句的谓语而定
think,believe,expect,
suppose,imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句
everybody,anyone,
somebody,nobody,no one复数they, 单数he
情态动词dare或need need (dare ) +主语
dare, need 为实义动词 do +主语
省去主语的祈使句 will you?
Let's 开头的祈使句 Shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句Will you?
there be相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词)
否定前缀不能视为否定词 仍用否定形式
must表"推测"根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句
句子的种类英语基础语法汇总相关 文章 ：
1. 英语语法干货:基本的语法形态,基础的句子的类型
2. 英语语法基础知识句子练习
3. 英语基础语法汇总:句子的种类
4. 英语语法大全总结
5. 必备英语基础语法知识有哪些
6. 初一英语全册语法知识点汇总
7. 必备英语基础语法知识(2)
8. 英语句子结构类型
9. 小学英语语法汇总(超精)
③ 英语基础语法知识
英语基础语法知识大全
语法是学习英语的关键，下面是我分享的英语基础语法，希望能帮到大家!
英语基础语法知识大全
a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)
agree with sb 赞成某人
all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样
all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : Iwill go along with you我将和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树
As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样
as you can see 你是知道的
ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book
ask sb for sth 向某人什么
ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始
at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day
at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
be + doing 表： 现在进行时 将来时
be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing
be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed togo out at night I'm afraid of dog
be allowed to do 被允许做什么
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowedto watch TV 我应该被允许看电视
be angry with sb 生某人的'气 eg : Don't be angry with me
be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : Sheis as tall as me 她和我一样高
be ashamed to
be away from 远离
be away from 从……离开
be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun isbad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好
be born 出生于
be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……
be careful 当心;小心
be different from…… 和什么不一样
be famous for 以……着名
befriendly to sb 对某人友好
be from = come from 来自 eg ：Heis from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come fromBejing ?
be full of 装满……的 be filledwith 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass isfilled with water
be glad+to+do/从句
be going to + v(原) 将来时
be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good foryour English
be happy to do 很高兴做某事
be helpful to sb 对某人有好处
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处
Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处
be in good health 身体健康
be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They arein tronble
be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
be the same as … 和什么一样
be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He isused to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉
be worth doing 值得做什么
be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句
because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home
between…and… 两者之间
borrow sth from sb 向……借……lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了
He's bothering me to lend him money
by the end of 到……为止
callsb sth eg : We call him old wang
care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country'sfuture ?你为什么不关心国家的未来
catch up with sb 赶上某人
chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地
come in 进
come over to 过来
come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea你能想出一个好办法吗?
communicate with sb 和某人交流
consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider goingto lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州?
dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : Shelikes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
decide to do sth 决定做某事
do a survey of 做某方面的调查
do better in 在……方面做得更好
do wrong 做错
Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事
Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意……
each +名(单)每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书
end up +doing
enjoy +doing喜欢
escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来
expect to do sth 期待做某事
fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来
fall in love with sb/sth 爱上什么
far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home
find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样
find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the bookinteresting
finish 完成+doing(名词)
fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人
forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to gohome I forget closing door
from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: Fromme for her
get /have sth down 做完，被(别人)做…eg: I have my hair cut我理了发(头发被剪了)
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了)
get a part-time job= find a part-time job
get along well with sb = geton well with sb 与某人相处得好
get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处
getready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for mathI am ready for math
get sb in to trouble 给某人麻烦
get sb to do sth
get…from… 从某处得到某物
give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall
give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物
go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事
go out away from go out of
go to school 上学(用于专业的)go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学)
good way to 好方法
hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事
have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会
have a talk 听报告谈一谈
have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talkingYou have been sleeping since
have been to …( 地方)……去过某过地方have gone to …(地方) 去了某地还没回来
have fun +doing 玩得高兴
have sth to do 有什么事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I havenothing to do 我没什么事情做
have to do sth 必须做某事
have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦
have…time +doing
have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假
hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事
be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到
be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
be mad at 生某人的气
be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)
be not sure 表不确定
be on a visit to 参观
be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
be quiet 安静
be short for 表**的缩写 eg: 陶 is shortfor 陶俊杰
be sick in bed 生病在床
be sorry to do sth be sorryfor sb eg : I am sorry for you
be sorry to hear that
be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you
be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict inobeying noles
be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are notstrict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格
be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格
be supposed todo 被要求干什么
be sure 表确定
be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (myteacher 我相信我的大脑(老师)
be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he canpass the test 我相信他能通过考试
be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass thetest 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……
help a lot 很大用处
help sb with sth one's sth 帮助某人某事(某方面) help sb(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
hope to do sth 希望做某事
How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法
if : 是否=wether
eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会
He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达
if :如果，假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句
eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国
in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为
in some ways 在某些方面
in the end = finally(adv) 最后
in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 (north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east东 )
in the sun 在太阳下
increase 增加
eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by % 他们把石油价增加了%
the population has increased from million ten years ago to million now
instead of +(名 ) 代替
eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果，而不要梨子
I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学
introce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introce oneself 自我介绍
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间
eg : It took me minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook
It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样
It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样
It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样
It's +adj(for sb) to do(对某人来说) 做某事怎么样 It's +adj ofsb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样
eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English
It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意
It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: It's important tome
It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间
eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 该去上课了
join = take part in 参加
just now 刚才
keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语 让什么保持什么样?
keep out 不让 …… 进入
keep sb adj 让……保持…… eg: Iwant to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康
key to +名词 表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案
key to… anser to … key 可以是答题或钥匙
laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Don't langh at others Welanghed at the joke
learn by oneslfe 自学
learn from sb 向某人学习 eg: We should learn from LeiFeng
learn to do sth 学做某事
let sb do sth 让某人做某事
Let sb down 让某人失望 eg ： Weshouldn't let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望
live from :离某地远
live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan
look after = take care of 照顾 照看
lose one's way 谁 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路
;④ 英语语法知识大全汇总
英语的重点主要在词汇，语法、阅读理解、 作文 ……等等，其中语法是让大家一直比较头疼的知识点，下面给大家带来一些关于英语语法 知识大全 汇总，希望对大家有所帮助。
1.英语语法指的是什么
英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后，系统地 总结 归纳出来的一系列语言规则。英语语法的精髓在于掌握语言的使用。英语语法包括词语、时态、语态、语气、 句子 成分、句型结构等。
1.一般现在时：表示现在的状态、经常的或习惯性的动作、主语具备的性格和能力等。基本结构：主语+be/do+其他。
2.一般过去时：表示过去某个时间内(或某一段时间内)发生的动作或存在的状态，过去经常或反复发生的动作。基本结构：主语+动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词。
3.一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作、打算、计划或准备做某事。基本结构：主语+am/is/are+going to + do sth;主语+will/shall+do sth
4.一般过去将来时：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。基本结构：主语+was/were+going to+do+ 其它 ;主语+would/should+do+其它。
5.现在进行时：表示现在(说话时)或当前阶段正在进行或发生的动作。基本结构：主语+be+doing+其它。
6.过去进行时：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。基本结构：主语+was/were+doing+其它。
7.将来进行时：表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示询问、请求等。基本结构：主语+shall/will+be+现在分词+其它。
8.过去将来进行时：表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，主要用于宾语从句中，尤其多用于间接引语中。基本结构：should/would+be+现在分词。
9.现在完成时：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。基本结构：主语+have/has+p.p(过去分词)+其它。
10.过去完成时：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。基本结构：主语+had+p.p(过去分词)+其它。
2.英语语法基础知识汇总
1.as...as...引导的比较级：
(1)“as +形容词或副词原级+as+被比较对象”结构。例句：He studies as hard as you. 他像你一样学习努力。
(2)在否定句或疑问句中可用not so…as…. 例句：He can notrun so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。
2.only引导的倒装句型：only +状语(或状语从句)位于句首时，句子部分倒装。
例句： Only by diligence and honesty can one succeed inlife. 只有勤奋、正直，一个人在生活中才能成功。
注意：但 only修饰主语时，不倒装。例句：Onlythat girl knew how to work out the problem. 只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。
3.wish引导的虚拟语气：wish 后面的从句，当表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望时，其宾语从句的动词形式为：
(1)表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式表示，be 的过去式用were.
I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道。)
(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词用had +过去分词。
I wish (that) I hadn’t wastedso much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。( 实际上已经浪费掉了。)
(3)表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为“would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形”。在这种情况下，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动作名词除外) 。
I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止。
注意：若wish 后的宾语从句中用would，可以表示请求，通常意味着说话人的不快或不满。
例句：I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安静一些。
4.it形式宾语：和it 作形式主语一样, 我们常用it 来作形式宾语, 把真正的宾语从句放在句末, 这种情况尤其出现在带复合宾语的句子中。
例句：He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他表明他不会屈服。
5.The+比较级，the+比较级表示“越......越......”。
例句：The more scared we are, the stronger the difficultywill become.我们越害怕困难，困难就会变得越强大。
6.宾语从句：一般疑问句做宾语，引入if或whether
例句： I want to know if he will join us in thediscussion?
7. 原因状语从句：since引导的
例句： Don’t eat too much sugarsince it is bad for your health.
8. 否定词前置倒装：scarcely...when...
例句： Scarcely had he arrived at home when it began torain.
9.If虚拟条件句
3.英语语法解析
1.连词that, if, whether，连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose以及连接副词how, when, why, where可用来引导名词从句，充当主语、表语、宾语等。非正式文体中的宾语从句常省略that：
I think (that) he’ll be back in an hour. 我认为他一小时后就会回来。
Who they are doesn’t matter much. 他们是谁没什么大关系。
Can you tell me where he is? 你能告诉我他在哪儿吗?
He asked me if/whether I knew John. 他问我是否认识约翰。
此外，that, which, who, whom, whose, when, why, where等还可以引导定语从句。
2.连词when, while, before, after, till/until, since, as soon as等引导时间状语从句：
She said hello to me when she saw me. 她看到我的时候，和我打了招呼。
I’ll wait here until you come back. 我将在这里等你回来。
3.连词if, unless引导条件状语从句;because, as, since引导原因状语从句：
I’ll help her if she asks me to. 如果她要求我，我就帮助她。
I won’t help her unless she asks me to. 除非她要求我，否则我不会帮她。
He didn’t come because he was ill. 因为他病了，所以没来。
As he hasn’t appeared yet, we shall start without him. 既然他还没有出现，我们就先开始吧。
Since everybody is here, let’s begin. 既然大家都到了，咱们就开始吧。
4.连词in order than, so that引导目的状语从句;so … that …引导结果状语从句：
I locked the door in order that we might continue our discussions undisturbed. (=I locked the door in order to continue our discussions undisturbed.) 我把门锁上了，以便我们可以继续讨论而不受打扰。
The car ran so fast that I couldn’t see who was in it. 汽车跑得那么快，我没看清谁坐在里面。
5.连词than, as…as…, not as/so…as…用来引导比较状语从句：
He is better ecated than his brother. 他比他兄弟受的 教育 好。
He is as well ecated as his brother. 他和他兄弟受的教育一样好。
He is not as/so well ecated as his brother. 他没有他兄弟受的教育好。
6.连词although, though 引导让步状语从句;where, wherever 引导地点状语从句：
I’ll go wherever you go. 不管你去哪儿，我就去那儿。
Stay where you are! 原地别动!
Though/Although she is rich, she’s not happy. 尽管她富有，但她并不幸福。
一般来说，连词性质的连接词连接两个分句或引导一个从句，两个分句或主从复合句之间用逗号连接。
二、副词性连接词
副词性质的连接词不能象连词一样分句或主从复合句之间用逗号连接。也就是说它们不能连接两个分句或引导从句。它们引导的句子与前面的句子之间要用分号或句号，而它们与引导的句子之间往往用逗号。副词性质的连接词在写作中常常使用，主要分为以下几类：
1.表示顺序的，如first, in the first place, then, finally, in the end等等。尤其要注意then. 如：
误：He graated from college in 2003, then he found a job.
正：He graated from college in 2003, and then he found a job.
He graated from college in 2003. Then he found a job.
2.表示递进关系的，如in addition, what is more, furthermore, moreover等。注意in addition 与in addition to 的区别：in addition 是副词性质;而in addition to 是介词性质，后面必须接宾语。
3.表示转折关系的，如however, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, in contrast, 等等。要注意不要把however 当成连词。
英语语法知识大全汇总相关 文章 ：
★ 英语语法大全总结
★ 英语语法总结大全
★ 最全七年级英语语法知识点汇总
★ 初中常考的英语语法知识点汇总
★ 初一英语全册语法知识点汇总
★ 高考英语语法知识大全
★ 小学英语语法知识点汇总
★ 初一英语语法知识点总结归纳
★ 六年级英语语法知识点汇总
★ 高考英语必考语法知识点汇总
⑤ 简单英语语法知识
简单英语语法知识
there be句式有时可以与情态动词连用
■与 can / could 连用
There can be no doubt about that.
那是毫无疑问的。
Without heavy instry there can be no economic advance.
没有重工业，就没有经济的发展。
If the police hadn’t closed the road there could have been a bad accident.
要不是警方关闭了道路，本来会发生严重车祸的。
■与may / might 连用
There might still be hope.
可能还有希望。
There may be a letter for me.
大概有我一封信。
There may be a storm tomorrow.
明天可能有风暴。
At the end there may be an index.
结尾处可能有索引。
There might be drinks if you wait for a bit.
如果你等一会儿，可能会有饮料。
There may be more importance in it than would seem.
它的重要意义可能要比看上去大。
■与must 连用
There must be a mistake.
一定是弄错了。
He felt there must be something wrong.
他感到准有什么问题。
There must be somebody at home—ring again.
家里肯定有人——再按一下铃。
There must be some book which could help.
一定有那么本书可以帮我们的忙。
That can’t be the only way. There must be other ways of solving the problem.
那不是解决问题的唯一办法，肯定有另外的办法。
■与 should 连用
There shouldn’t be any doubt about it.
对此不应有什么怀疑。
It is important that there should be afire escape.
要有一个太平梯，这很重要。
The widow begged that there should be no reprisals.
遗孀祈求不要去搞复仇。
■与 ought to 连用
There ought to be a comma here.
这儿应有一个逗号。
There shouldn’t be any doubt about it.
对此不应有什么怀疑。
There ought to be traffic lights at this crossroads.
这个十字路口应该有红绿灯。
There ought to be enough of a fire left up there.
上面那儿残留的火势该够大了。
There oughtn’t to have been any difficulty about it
此事本不应有什么困难。
■与 used to 连用
There used to be a small park just around the corner.
以前在那个拐角就有一个小公园。
There are more flowers than there used to he.
现在比过去花儿更多了。
There used to be a cinema here, didn’t there?
过去这儿是有一家电影院的，是吗?
There used to be a hospital here.
原来这里有家医院。
There used to be four cinemas in the town, now there is only one.
过去这座城市有四家电影院。现在只有一家了。
从零开始学语法：情态动词can与may的用法
can 的用法
一、表能力，有“能，会，能够”的意思。例如：
-Can you drive a car? 你会开车吗?
-Yes, I can. 我会。/ No, I can't. 我不会。
二、表允许，在口语中代替may，有“可以”的意思。
(见下面 may 的用法第四点)
三、表示可能性，常用于否定句和疑问句。例如：
Can it be true? 那会是真的吗?
Today is Sunday. He can't be at school. 今天是星期天，他不可能在学校里。
很多同学都不太清楚 can 与 be able to 的异同吧，赶快来学习一下吧>>
may 的用法
一、表示许可或征求对方的许可，有“可以”的意思。例如：
You may go now. 你可以走了。
May I use your computer? 我用一下你的电脑可以吗?
二、回答以 may 开头的疑问句有如下表达法：
-May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗?
-Yes, you may. / Yes, please. 请抽吧。
-No, you can't. / No, you mustn't. / No, you'd better not. 请不要抽烟。
三、表示猜测，通常只用于陈述句。例如：
You may be right. 你可能是对的。
四、在口语中 can 可以代替 may 表示许可，但 can 较随便，may 更正式。例：
Can I use your bike, John? 约翰，我可以用一下你的自行车吗?
May I have a look at your license please, sir? 先生，我可以看一下你的执照吗?
从零开始学语法：情态动词must与have to的用法
must 的用法
一、表义务，“必须”。例如：
You must talk to them about their study. 你必须同他们谈谈关于他们学习的事。
二、在否定结构中表不许。例如：
You mustn't leave here. 你不能离开这儿。
三、表推测，暗含有很大的可能性。例如：
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他肯定是病了。他的脸色那么苍白。
注意：之前我们说过 may 也可以表猜测，但是 may 暗含的可能性较小，must 暗含的可能性较大。另外否定的猜测是用can't。例如：
The baby can't be ill. He is so active. 那宝宝不大可能是病了。他那么活跃。
四、表不可避免，“必然要，必定会”。例如：
All men must die. 人总有一死。
五、表主张，“坚持要，一定要”。例如：
If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. 如果你坚持要走，至少也要等雨停了再走。
六、关于 must 的简短回答：
-Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必须马上打扫膳厅吗?
-Yes, you must. 是的。
-No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to. 不必马上打扫。
have to 的用法
一、have to 表客观的需要和义务，must 表主观的`认识。例如：
I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi. 我没搭上火车，所以我只得打的。(客观上需要打的)
I must study hard. 我必须努力学习。(主观上认为应该努力学习)
二、在疑问句和否定句中，have to 多用助动词 do 构成，must 则直接提前或加not。例如：
Did he have to do it? = Must he do it? 他得做那件事吗?
而且在否定句中，have to 表不需要，must 表不允许：
You don't have to go there. 你不需要去那儿。
You mustn't go there? 你不可去那儿。
2014高考英语抓分训练：情态动词与虚拟语气、非谓语动词、复合句(含答案解析)
一、情态动词与虚拟语气考点
I am a middle school student. I have many dreams. If there 1.________ (be) not so much homework, I would have more time to do what I like to do. How I wish I 2.________ (listen) to my favourite music for an hour a day and 3.________ (play) table tennis for an hour in the morning. It's my desire that we 4.________ (hold) evening parties or 5.________ (organize) some interesting activities at weekend. I suggest that t here 6.________ (be) not so many tests. You can imagine what life 7.________ (will) be if I8.________ (realize) my dream. But I must face the exams. Without good marks, I 9.________ (will) not enter my ideal university. Anyway, it's high time that I 10.________ (encourage) myself and worked hard from now on.
二、不定式考点
Dear Editors，
My name is Adam Rouse. I'm 19 years old and I used 1.________ (be) a heavy smoker. I first started 2.________ (smoke) when I was only 15 alt hough I know it is very harmful 3.________ (smoke) at any time.
I read your magazine and know that there are some organizations 4.________ (help)people stop smoking.Participants learn 5.________ (recognise) smoking triggers and they try 6.________ (set) a date in the future when they will stop 7.________ (smoke)on purpose.Now, I am looking for some ideas 8.________ (help) myself 9.________ (give) up smoking and I expect myself 10.________ (accept) as a member of your organizations.
Yours sincerely，
Li Lei
三、分词考点
Many years ago, a young foreigner 1.________ (call) Marco Polo travelled all the way from Italy to China. From then on a window to the east has been 2.________ (open) for westerners.
Two kinds of gold coins once 3.________ (make) by Europeans showed their respects to the great explorer.
Marco Polo was 4.________ (bear) in 1254. He l ived in Venice, a rich city in Italy. Marco's father and uncle were merchants. They had travelled to the east. So when Marco was young, he enjoyed 5.________ (listen) to the stories about the places 6.________ (visit) by his father. His father decided 7.________ (take) him on a trip. When Marco Polo was just 17, he left his country for China. They were among the first to go along the silk road. They had a lot of trouble in 8.________(explore). So it was a hard trip for Marco Polo, but he was very brave. After about four years, Marco met Kublai Khan who gave him a job. Marco spent 17 years 9.________ (work) for him. He visited most parts of China. He learned lots of 10.________ (interest) things about Chinese life. When he returned home, he let others know about things like coal and paper money. He wrote about his trip in a famous book.
四、动名词考点
Everyone needs friends. There is an old 1.________ (say): friends are God's way of 2.________ (take) care of us. But how do you find real friendship and keep it?
The Care and Keeping of Friends by American author Sally Seamans tells young students some smart ways of 3.________ (find) friends. Sally says 4.________ (arrive) at friendship is just like 5.________ (plant) a tree. You plant the seed and take care of it to make it grow. First, you should choose a friend. What makes a good friend? It is not because a person has money or good looks. A good friend should be kind and patient. For example, if you have a hard day, a good friend should l isten to your complaints and do their best 6.________ (help). To make a friend, you cannot be too shy. You should make each other happy and share your life. But things can't always be happy. Even the best friends have fights. What should you do when you have a fight with your friends? You have to talk to them. When there is no one around, have an honest talk. If he or she doesn't want 7.________ (talk), you could write a letter.
Sally says there are three steps to 8.________ (be) friends again. Tell him or her how you are feeling, say what your friend has done wrong, and explain why you did this or that. The book also has advice on some small but important things like 9.________ (celebrate) your friends' success. Even if you haven't had a real friend before, you will start 10.________ (think) of having one if you read this book, because the book tells that friendship is the most important thing in your life.
五、名词性从句考点
Three years had passed and things were even worse than before. One can hardly imagine 1.________ the poor people suffered. Most of the workers lost their jobs and in order to provide for their families they sold everything 2.________ they had in their houses. They could neither get food nor clot hing. Many of them fell ill and died.
Now they began to understand 3.________ the factory owners were their enemies. But they believed that 4.________ the government knew 5.________ hard their conditions were, they would give them some help . In a meeting they decided 6.________ they should send some of their men to London to tell the government of the truth. Jackson was chosen to be one of them to go to the capital. He felt proud 7.________ he could do something for his friends.
A few days later, when Jackson came back from London and was asked to tell about 8.________ had happened there, he replied in a low voice, “I will never forget 9.________ we workers were treated there, and I will never forgive those who refused to hear us. Friends, let us do all we can to struggle against the capitalists and the government 10.________ supports them.”
六、定语从句考点
Some day, if you are lucky, you may see a bongo. But the only way 1.________ most people will see it is in a zoo. They are found in Africa, 2.________ they lived deep in forests. Even in Africa, very few people ever get to see a bongo. The bongo does not come out of the forest very often. It is an animal 3.________ keeps to itself.
The bongo has beautiful colouring. Its hair is bright brown mixed with orange and red. Down its back an d across its sides the bongo has yellowwhite strips. Animals 4.________ look for food at night usually have big eyes. This helps them see better at night. The forests in 5.________ bongos live are very dark. The eyes of bongos are very big. So, they have not trouble in living in the darkness.
Bongos in zoos do not like to go outside on bright days. They only go outside on those days when it is dark or very cloudy.
七、状语从句考点
Two travelling angels stopped to spend the night in the home of a wealthy family. The family was rude and refused to let the angels stay in the mansion's guestroom. Instead the angels were given a small space in the cold basement. 1.________ they made their bed on the hard floor, the older angel saw a hole in the wall and repaired it. When the younger angel asked 2.________， the older angel replied, “Things aren't always 3.________they seem.”
The next night the pair came to rest at the house of a very poor, 4.________ very hospitable farmer and his wife. After sharing what little food they had，the couple let the angels sleep in their bed 5.________ they could have a good night's rest. 6.________ the sun came up the next morning the angels found the farmer and his wife in tears. Their only cow, 7.________milk had been their sole income, lay dead in the field. The younger angel was infuriated and asked the older angel, “How could you have let this happen?” “The first man had everything, yet you helped him，” she accused. “The second family had little 8.________ was willing to share everything and you let the cow die.”
“Things aren't always what they seem, ” the older angel replied.“9.________ we stayed in the basement of the mansion, I noticed there was gold stored in the hole in the wall. 10.________ the owner was so obsessed with greed and unwilling to share his good fortune, I sealed the wall and he wouldn't find it. Then last night as we slept in the farmer's bed, the angel of death came to his wife. I asked God if the angel could take the cow instead.”
八、复合句考点
Gandhi was honoured as the father of the Indian nation. He has been respected and beloved by the Indians with the belief 1.________ he is an Indian national hero. He was born in India in 1869. 2.________ is recorded, he got married at the age of 13, following the local custom. In 1888 he sailed to England, 3.________ he studied law for three years and became a lawyer. 4.________ his return to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case. In South Africa he was surprised to find 5.________ the problem of racial discrimination was serious. There he formed an organization and this was 6.________ he started to fight for equal rights. Gandhi returned to India in 1915, 7.________ India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and independence for his country. 8.________ in the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison and it was still not sure9.________ they could gain independence, the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give in and India won its independence in 1947. Unfortunately, Gandhi was shot by an Indian 10.________ opposed his views and died on January 30th, 1948.
一、情态动词与虚拟语气考点
1.were 2.listened 3.played 4.(should) hold
5.(should) organize 6.(should) be 7.would
8.realized/ should realize/ were to realize 9.would
10.encouraged
二、不定式考点
1.to be 2.smoking/to smoke 3.to smoke 4.to help
5.to recognise 6.to set 7.smoking 8.to help
9.(to)give 10.to be accepted
三、分词考点
1.called 2.opened 3.made 4.born 5.listening
6.visited 7.to take 8.exploring 9.working
10.interesting
四、动名词考点
1.saying 2.taking 3.finding 4.a rriving 5.planting
6.to help 7.to talk 8.being 9.celebrating
10.thinking/to think
五、名词性从句考点
1.how 2.that 3.that 4.if 5.how 6.that 7.that 8.what 9.how 10.that
六、定语从句考点
1.that 2.where 3.that/which 4.that/which 5.which
七、状语从句考点
1 .As/When 2.why 3.what 4.but 5.where
6.When 7.whose 8.but 9.When 10.Since/Because
八、复合句考点
1.that 2.As 3.where 4.On/After 5.that 6.how
7.when 8.Though/Although 9.whether 10.who
小升初英语语法大全：情态动词must与have to的用法
must 的用法
一、表义务，“必须”。例如：
You must talk to them about their study. 你必须同他们谈谈关于他们学习的事。
二、在否定结构中表不许。例如：
You mustn't leave here. 你不能离开这儿。
三、表推测，暗含有很大的可能性。例如：
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他肯定是病了。他的脸色那么苍白。
注意：之前我们说过 may 也可以表猜测，但是 may 暗含的可能性较小，must 暗含的可能性较大。另外否定的猜测是用can't。例如：
The baby can't be ill. He is so active. 那宝宝不大可能是病了。他那么活跃。
四、表不可避免，“必然要，必定会”。例如：
All men must die. 人总有一死。
五、表主张，“坚持要，一定要”。例如：
If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. 如果你坚持要走，至少也要等雨停了再走。
六、关于 must 的简短回答：
-Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必须马上打扫膳厅吗?
-Yes, you must. 是的。
-No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to. 不必马上打扫。
have to 的用法
一、have to 表客观的需要和义务，must 表主观的认识。例如：
I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi. 我没搭上火车，所以我只得打的。(客观上需要打的)
I must study hard. 我必须努力学习。(主观上认为应该努力学习)
二、在疑问句和否定句中，have to 多用助动词 do 构成，must 则直接提前或加not。例如：
Did he have to do it? = Must he do it? 他得做那件事吗?
而且在否定句中，have to 表不需要，must 表不允许：
You don't have to go there. 你不需要去那儿。
You mustn't go there? 你不可去那儿。
2011年中考英语试题单项选择之情态动词和系动词（1）
(2010 .河北省卷,31. 1) -Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?
-Yes, you ________.
A. must B. can C. may D. need
（2010湖南省娄底市5. 1） -Must I be in hospital for a week， Doctor? ?
-No， you . You can go back home tomorrow.?
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C. must?
（2010湖南省娄底市7. 1） -What do you think of the cake??
-I like it very much. It tastes .?
A.good B.terrible C. well
(2010.江苏省盐城市3.1)The desk is not dirty.You_______clean it.
A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.needn’t C.can’t
(2010.四川省内江市23. 1)-What is your mother going to do this Saturday?
--I’m not sure.She_____go to see my grandmother.
A.can B.must C.may
（2010.四川省自贡市31. 1）-May we leave the classroom now?
--No,you _________.You_________to leave until the bell rings.
A.must;are allowed B.can’t ,aren’t supposed
C.needn’t ;aren’t allowed
答案：ABACCC
;⑥ 英语基础语法知识总结
英语基础语法知识总结
英语必备语法知识
一、过去完成进行时
1.概念：表示某个正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，一直持续到之后的当前才结束。
2.基本结构：主语+ had + been + doing +其它
3.例子：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。 Had they been expecting the news for some time?他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧?
4.特殊含义：①尚未完成：He had been writing the novel.他已经在写小说了。(他没写完)
②企图：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾经学习过这个谚语。(他曾努力学习过它) ③未得结果：We had been studying what our enemy had said.我们一直致力于敌人所说的。(但是我们没有理解) ④最近情况：He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一场架。(最近)
⑤反复动作：He had been asking me the same question.他一直问我相同的问题。(屡次)
⑥情绪：What had he been doing?他做了什么?(不耐烦)
二、 将来完成进行时
1.概念：表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去，要视上下文而定。
2.基本结构：shall/will have been doing
3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我将在这个工厂工作20年了。
If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱们如不快一点儿，等我们到了那儿，店门就会关了。
英语重要语法知识
介 词
一、介词的主要用法：介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)..或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,
如：out of(从…中出来)because of(因为)away from(距离…),
on top of(在…顶上)ever since(自从…)next to(在…隔壁),
according to(根据…) in front of(在…前方)等。
二、介词短语的句法作用：
介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。
如：The man came .(状)(那个人走下楼来)
The woman is from the countryside.
(定)(头上戴花的妇女来自乡下)
The teacher is now with the pupils.
(表)(老师现在和学生在一起)
三、介词短语在句子中的位置：
介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,
如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾;
介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后;
介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。
如：He wanted to find a good jobin Shanghai the next year.
(状语)(他想来年在上海找份好工作) They searched the roomfor the thief.(他们在房间里搜索小偷)
The letters are for you.(表语)(信是给你的)
Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?
(定语)(你看见一只黑头白腿的猫了吗?)
英语语法知识要点
一、主语
1、名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。
如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。)
They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。)
To see is to believe.(耳听为虚眼见为实).
Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)
2、动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。
如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat ring the long journey.
(在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)
3、口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略： (It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。) (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系。) (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。)
4、反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词：
The man looks worried,doesn’the? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗?)
Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗?)
5、祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。
Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来。)
6、主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾;倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。
如：Computers are made in this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂。)
Where are they? (他们在哪儿?)
Does the boy like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗?)
7、主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。
Neither Jim nor Rosehas passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。)
The Chinese peopleare a hardworking and brave people.
(中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)
8、主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。
拓展： 初高中基础英语语法知识
一、词 法
1、名词
(1)名词的可数与不可数
可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量，它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来统计，都称为不可数名词。
不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量，没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念，就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词，在英语里却不可数。如：chalk，paper，bread，rice，grass，news等。
(2)名词复数的规则变化
A.一般情况下加-s。
B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es。
C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es。
D.以f，fe结尾的.，去掉f或fe，变成v再加-es。
(3)名词的所有格
A. 单数名词词尾加’s，复数名词词尾若没有s，也要加’s。
如：the worker’ s bike，the Children’ s ball
B. 表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加’ s。
如： This is Lucy and Lily’ s room.
These are Kate’ s and jack’ s rooms.
C. 如果是通过在词尾加-s构成的复数形式的名词，只加’。
如：the students’ books，the girls’ blouses
(另外：如果名词是有生命的，我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。)
2、代词
人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，不定代词
(1)人称代词
第一人称单数
I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称
单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称
单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
(2)物主代词
物主代词的用法：形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟一个名词;
名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。
(3)反身代词
反身代词的构成分两种：第一、二人称反身代词在形容词性物主代词后加上self或selves，第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves.
反身代词的用法：一种是作宾语，由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。如：I enjoyed myself at the party. 另一种是作名词或代词的同位语;用来加强语气。如：I can do it myself.
(4)指示代词
指示代词的特殊用法：
(1)为了避免重复，可用that，those代替前面提到过的名词，但是this，these不可以。
(2)this，that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。
(5)不定代词
one,some,any,other,another,all,both,each,neither,many,much等。
3、冠词
(1)不定冠词an用在元音读音开头(不是指元音字母)的词前，其余用不定冠词a。
(2)定冠词的基本用法
A. 用在重新提到的人或事物前面。
B. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面。
C. 用在单数可数名词前面，表示某一类人或事物。
(3)定冠词的特殊用法
A. 用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。
B. 用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。
C. 用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。
D. 用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。
E. 用在姓氏的复数形式前面，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。
F. 用在乐器名称前。
G. 和某些形容词连用，表示某一类人或事物。
(4)名词前不用冠词的情况
A. 在专有名词 (包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节) 、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不用冠词。但在以festival组成的民间节日前要加the。
B. 表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。
C. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。
D. 三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词。在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。
(sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌边
go to school去上学;go to the school去那所学校;in hospital住院;in the hospital在那个医院里
4、数词
(1)数字的表示
三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。
1，000以上的数字，从后向前第三位数加一个“，”，第一个“，”前为thousand，第二个“，”前为million，第三个“，”前为billion。
(2)序数词除了first，second，third外，其余都在基数词尾加-th构成。
(3)分数分子在前，分母在后，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母序数词要变成复数。
(4)hundreds(thousands，millions)of…
5、形容词、副词
(1)形容词的位置
A. 形容词作定语一般要放在名词前面，但当形容词修饰不定代词something，nothing，anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后。如：something important，nothing serious。
B. 当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时，定语或表语要后置。如：
We have g a hole two meters deep.
The hole is about two metres deep.
(2)形容词的比较等级
单音节词和少数双音节词，在词尾加-(e)r，-(e)st来构成比较级和最高级。其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。如：
popular—more popular—most popular
important—more important—most important
(3)副词的比较等级
单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。绝大多数副词借助more，most来构成比较级和最高级。
(4)少数形容词和副词比较级/最高级的不规则变化：
原级 比较级 最高级
well —— better —— best
badly —— worse —— worst
much —— more —— most
little —— less —— least
far —— farther —— farthest
farthest furthest
late —— later —— latest
(5)副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词the。
6、介词
(1)表示时间的介词及介词短语
in, at, on, before，after，till，since，for, from…to, until， by，in the middle of，at the beginning of， at the end of，at half past five，at night，in a week，in the morning，in class，at sunrise， in spring / summer / autumn /winter，on Sunday，on Saturday afternoon，on a winter evening，for a long time，for two months，after school，since liberation，before lunch，at the time of，at the age of
(2)表示地点的介词及介词短语
in，at，into，to，on，beside，before，behind，above,under, outside,inside,up,from,far,near,across,off， down， among， past，between，out of，around，in the front of， in the middle of， at the back of，at the foot of，at home，at the gate，at the table，in the sky， on the ground，in a tree， in the south，in the sun，in the bed，on one’s way home，by the side of
二、八种基本时态
1、一般现在时
概念: 表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。
常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表时间的状语连用。如：
1) I go to school every day. 我每天都去学校。(表经常)
2) He is always like that. 他总是那样。 (表状态)
构成：
1) 主语 + be (am / are / is ) +……
2) 主语 + 实义动词/三单动词 + …
2、一般过去时
概念:
1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 , 常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如: yesterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago等.
如: I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影。
2) 也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
如: He always went to work by bike last week.
构成:
1) 主语 + be (was / were ) +……
2) 主语 + 实义动词过去式 +……
3、现在进行时
概念: 表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。如:
He is singing.
They are watching TV now.
构成: 主语 + 助动词be(am/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成。
4、过去进行时
概念: 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外,一般用时间状语来表示。
如:
1) ---What were you doing?
---I was jumping.
2) ---What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?
---He was sleeping.
构成: 主语 + 助动词be(was/were) + 动词-ing形式构成。
5、一般将来时
概念: 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如: tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future等。如:
He will go shopping tomorrow.
They are going to play basketball next week.
构成:
1) 主语 + 助动词will + 动原 +……
2) 主语 + be going to + 动原 + ……
6、过去将来时
概念: 表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成:
1) 主语(第一人称) + 助动词should + 动原 +……
2) 主语 + would + 动原 + ……
3) 主语 + was/ were going to +动原……
用法: 过去将来时除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在间接引语中,主句谓语动词为过去时态。如:
1) I should go.
2) You knew I would come.
3) They were going to Nanjing.
7、现在完成时
构成: 主语 + 助动词 ( have / has ) + 动词过去分词 +……
用法例句表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
---Have you had your lunch yet?
---Yes, I have. (现在我不饿了)
8、过去完成时
构成: 主语 + 助动词 had + 动词过去分词 +……
例句表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示的动作发生的时间是”过去的过去”.表示过去某一时间可用by,before 等构成的短语,也可用when, before, 等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示。
I had finished my homework when my mom came back home.
三、三种基本从句
从句的共同特点：
从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子，充当什么成分就叫什么从句，如：充当宾语就叫宾语从句，充当定语成分就叫定语从句。
从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点：从句是句子。
从句的共同特点：
1.从句都有自己的连接词
2.从句都是陈述语序(陈述语序就是主语在前，谓语在后，如：He is a teacher主语 He 在谓语is之前，因此是陈述语序，而Is he a teacher? 主语 He 在谓语is之后，因此不是陈述语序。)
1、宾语从句
宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子，如：
He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.
宾语从句的特点：
①宾语从句有自己的连接词
②宾语从句用陈述语序
③宾语从句的时态
(1)宾语从句的连接词：
宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。
(2)宾语从句的语序：
A. 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前，谓语在后),如：
I want to know if he can come tomorrow.
B. 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词，如：She asked me who had helped him.
(3)宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现”
A. 主现则从任：主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种，如：1.He tells me he likes English very much.(一般现在时)。
B. 主过则从过：主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种，带“过”字的时态分别是：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。
如：He told me that he liked playing football(一般过去时)
C. 客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。
如：He says the moon goes around the earth.
2、状语从句
(1)时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。
时间状语的连接词：when(当…时候) while(当…时候) as(当…时候) after(在…以后) before(在…以前) as soon as(一…就) since(自从…到现在) till /until(直到…才) by the time(到…为止)依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。
举例：when当…的时候(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。)
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
(2)原因状语从句：在一个句子中作原因状语的句子。
连接词：由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导。
举例：I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.
(3)条件状语从句：在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。
连接词：if如果, unless (=if not) 除非(让步)
举例：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
(4)目的、结果状语从句
目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。
结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子
目的状语从句连接词so that, so…that , in order that 引导。
结果状语从句连接词 so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。
举例：so…that 如此…以至于
The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.
(5)让步状语从句
让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子
连接词： though, although.，whether…or not
举例：Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
3.no matter从句
结构："no matter +特殊疑问词+陈述语序" 或"特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序"
如：No matter what happened, he would not mind.
注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
3、定语从句
定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。
如：I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flowers.(beautiful是定语)
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：
I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.
定语从句的连接词：
连接代词：who，which，whom，whose，that
连接副词：when，where，why
⑦ 英语简单语法知识点总结
英语对于现在的中国学生来说已经成为了一种重要的语言。英语作为一种语言,本身就是一个系统,需要靠英语语法来规范,接下来我为你整理了英语简单语法知识点，一起来看看吧。
英语简单语法知识点：特殊句型
there be 句型，be going to 结构
1. Be going to 结构，表示打算，准备，计划做某事
结构：主语+be动词+going to +动词原型
I am going to make a bookcase.
They are going to paint it.
The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.
变疑问句将be动词移到句首
Are you going to make a bookcase?
Are they going to paint it?
Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?
变否定句在be动词后面加not
I am not going to make a bookcase.
They are going to paint it.
The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I am. No, I am not.
Yes, they are. No, they are not.
Yes, he is. No, he is not.
特殊疑问句
What are you going to do?
What are they going to do?
What is the father going to do?
2. There be 句型：表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)
There is+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)
There is a book in this room.
There is a pen on the table
There are+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)
There are two pens on the table.
There are three schools there.
变疑问句将be动词移到句首
Is there a book in this room?
Are there two pens on the table?
变否定句在动词后面加not
There is not a book in this room.
There are not two pens on the table.
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, there is. No, there is not.
Yes, there are. No, there are not.
英语简单语法知识点：选择疑问句
选择疑问句：是指提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择的句式
一种是以一般疑问句的结构形式为基础，只是在语调上有所区别。
例如：Would you like coffee or tea?
这一类选择疑问句通常都是在前一个供选择的答案用低升调，后一个用降调;如果有两个以上供选择的答案，则在最后一个用降调，其余都用低升调。
例如：
Would you like a gin，or a whisky，or a `beer?
你是要喝杜松子酒，还是威士忌酒，还是啤酒?
这种语调上的特征往往是区别选择疑问句和一般疑问句的重要标志。试比较：
Shall we leave at six or `seven?
我们是 6 点动身还是 7点动身?
Shall we leave at six or seven?
我们在6，7点钟动身好吗?
上述第一例是选择疑问句，其答案只能是两者之一。
We shall leave at six/seven.我们将在6点/7点动身。
上述第二例是一般疑问句，它的答案只是 yes/no，而且并不肯定是6点或7点，甚至可能既不是6点，也不是7点：
Yes，we shall leave at six or seven.是的，我们将在 6， 7点钟动身。
No.We must leave earlier.不。我们必须早点动身。
另一种选择疑问句是以特殊疑问句的结构形式为基础的，也是在语调上有所区别。
例如：Which vase shall I use, the short one or the tall one ? The tall one.
在选择疑问句中的冠词用法。
Is she a housewife or a nurse?(她是一个家庭主妇还是护士?)
其中，or后的不定冠词a/an 不能省略。
英语简单语法知识点：特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子。
常用的疑问词有：what who whose which when where how why等。
可先分为3种:
疑问代词：what，who，which，whose，whom
疑问副词：when，where，why，how
疑问形容词：what(which，whose)+名词
特殊疑问句有两种语序
1.如疑问词作主语或主语的定语，即对主语或主语的定语提问，其语序是陈述句的语序：
疑问词(+主语)+谓语动词+其他成分。
如:Who is singing in the room﹖ whose bike is broken﹖
2.如疑问词作其他成分，即对其他成分提问，其语序是：疑问词+一般疑问句语序?如:What class are you in﹖
What does she look like﹖
Where are you from﹖
What time does he get up every morning﹖
How do you know﹖
注意：
1.回答特殊疑问句时，不能用yes / no，即问什么答什么，尤其是简略回答。如：
Who is from Canada﹖ Helen (is).
Where's the restaurant﹖ Near the station.
Why do you like koalas﹖ Because they are cute.
2.特殊疑问句一般读降调(↓)。
特殊疑问词
Who谁——Whose谁的(加se)
Why为什么
When什么时候
Where在哪里
Which哪一个
What什么 ( What time什么时间 What colour什么颜色)
How怎么样
How many多少{数量}
How much多少钱{价格}，
多少(对不可数名词进行提问)
How long多长
How often多少次
How big多大
How heavy多重{重量}
⑧ 必备英语基础语法知识有哪些
相信对于很多人来说 学习英语 的时候，语法知识是一大难点，但恰巧语法也是一大重点。下面是我为大家整理的必备英语基础语法知识，欢迎大家一起学习。
必备英语基础语法知识第1课
1、be(是)动词的用法：am接I;is接第三人称单数，即除you、I外;are接表示多个人或事物，即复数。(我是am，你是are，is连接它、她、他，单数is，复数are)。
2、not是表示否定的词：不是的表达，am not，is not(isn’t)，are not(aren’t)。
3、“一个”和“几个”的问题：“一个”是a+名词;“多个”是名词后面加s。
4、以元音开头(如O、E等)，前面的冠词用an。
必备英语基础语法知识第2课1、及物动词与不及物动词的区别：及物动词后面接宾语;而不及物动词后面不接宾语。如I like ice cream ，It hurts。
2、主语是he、she、it和单数名词时，动词要发生第三人称的变化，即加s。
3、否定的用法：在动词之前加do not或does not。I、You和复数名词做主语时，否定就用do not;凡是单数名称和he、she、it做主语，否定就用does not。
必备英语基础语法知识第3课1、my(我的)、your(你的)、his(他的)、her(她的)、their(他们的)、our(我们的)、its(它的)+名词，如my love，your love 。
2、名词所有格形式为：名词+’s，表示“……的”，如Sophie’s world，children’s Day，Japan’s tomorrow。
3、用名词+of+名词，一般用在无生命的名词上，表示“……的’’，如The soundof music(音乐之声)。
必备英语基础语法知识第4课1、“have”和“there be”翻译成汉语都可以用一个“有”字来表示，但have是指主观的“所有、拥有”，而there be则是指客观的“存在，某处有某物”。
2、There be的单复数变化与be的变化规则相同，取决于后面所接的主语。主语为单数，就变成there is，主语是复数，就变成there are。
3、“have”在第三人称单数时变成“has”。
4、“there be”的否定形式在be后加not，对于have通常直接在它的宾语前加“no”，表示“没有”的意思。
必备英语基础语法知识第5课1、 一般疑问句概念：是可以用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句。
2、 一般疑问句的结构模式：助动词+陈述句形式+?
如：Do you have a car? No, I don’t 或Yes, I do
Are you a chicken guy? No , I am not 或Yes , I am
Is there any cake in the icebox? No , there isn’t 或 Yes , there is
3、注意：Your boss has a car. Does your boss have a car? 这句中的Has在助动词does提前时，需要改变成原形。
4、在一般疑问句中，表示“一些”的概念时，用Many而不用some。
必备英语基础语法知识第6课1、六个特殊疑问词：what(什么，对什么提问);where(在哪里，对地点提问);why(为什么，对原则提问);when(何时，对时间提问);who(谁，对人提问);how(怎么样，对方式提问)。
2、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句+?。
3、特殊疑问句回答法：把句中的一般疑问句改为陈述句，再加上被提问部分。
例：Who am I? Who is she? What is her name? Where do you live?
How old are you? 你多大了? How old问年龄。
How long is the rope? 这绳子有多长? How long问长度。
How far is it from A to B? 从A至B有多远? How far 问距离。
What many books do you have? 你有多少书? What many 对“可数名词的多少”提问。
What much is the book? 这本书多少钱? What much 问价格
How often do you visit here? 你多久来 拜访 这里? How often 对“频率”提问。
必备英语基础语法知识第7课1、现在进行时：它是由主语+be动词+实义动词的ing形式构成的，表示现在正在发生和进行的动作。比如：现在我在讲，你在听。就应该说：Now I am talking，You are listing。
2、现在进行时的否定形式：就是在be动词的后面加Not来构成，这点和be动词的否定式是一样的。
3、两种进行时的基本法：一种与Now连用;另一种是与一些表示一段时间的词连用，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
4、一般情况下，实义动词是可以直接加“ing”的，但有两种特殊的情况是需要有一些变化的。第一种是像put和get这样以一个元音字母加一辅音字母结尾并重读的实义字母，需双写结尾的辅音字母再加ing，就是putting和getting。第二种是以一个元音加e结尾的实义动词，要把“e”去掉，再加ing，如dance(跳舞)，come(来)。
必备英语基础语法知识第8课1、动词的过去式：一般的动词后面可直接加“ed”。但是以“e”结尾的动词，直接加“d”;以辅音字母加“y”结尾的词，变“y”为“i”加“ed”;一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的词，且此音节重读，双写结尾的这个辅音字母，再加“ed”。
2、常用过去式时的一些时间状语。
3、过去时的否定和疑问结构。
必备英语基础语法知识第9课1、主语+will+动词原形，如：You will be rich。
主语+be going to+动词原形，如He is going to buy a car。
2、 否定形式：
主语+will not (won’t)+动词原形，如You will not be rich.
主语+be not going to+动词原形，如Tom is not going to quit smoking.
3、疑问形式：
Will +主语+动词原形+? 如，Will you be rich?
Be+主语+going to+动词原形+? 如，Are you going to study English?
必备英语基础语法知识第10课1、 一般现在时的含义：进行一般性描述。
2、 动词单数第三人称的变化规则：
(1) 当主语是he、she、it和单数名词时，动词要发生第三人称的变化，即在词尾加s;
(2) 当主语是复数和you时，动词不发生变化;
3、 一般现在时的否定句：在动词原形前加don’t或doesn’t。
4、 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句：
(1) 一般疑问句：把助动词提前;
(2) 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。
必备英语基础语法知识第11课1、 现在完成时的概念：现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，其结果对现在有影响。
例：Tom has gone out (go的动作发生在过去，对现在有影响)
2、 延续性动词可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用;非延续性动词则不可以。
例：正确说法：The train has been in the station for two hours;
错误说法：The train has stopped in the station for two hours.
(这辆火车进站停了两个小时)
延续性动词 非延期性动词
定义 动作有持续性，可以持续一段时间。如：live(居住)就可live一年两年。 运作在短时间内结束，不能延续。如marry(结婚)就不能marry一年两年。
例词 Listen,play,rain,work Arrive,begin,borrow,finish
3、现在完成时的构成：
(1)have(has)+过去分词：Tom has gone out。
(2)现在完成时的否定和疑问形式：否定形式在have、has后加not;疑问形式将Have、has提前，如Has Tom gone out。
(3)过去分词的概念及其变化形式：
概念：它和现在进行时中的“动词的ing形式”一样，只是英语中表达时态的一种固定形式。
变化形式：大多数动词的过去分词的外形和动词的过去式完全一样。只有那些不规则变化的动词，不运词的过去式不一样。具体参照“不规则动词表”。
必备英语基础语法知识第12课1、过去完成时的构成：Had(not)+动词过去分词
例：He had (not) worked there before 1980。
2、八种时代的 总结
一般现在时 一般过去式 一般将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
时态的种类及形式： 举例说明：He(他)(work工作)
时态 以时间分 现在
过去
将来
以动词分 一般
进行
完成
完成进行
现在 过去 将来
一般 He works He worked He will work
进行 He is working He was working He will be working
完成 He has worked He had worked He will have worked
完成进行 He has been working He had working
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关于语法的基础英语知识
学英语，最基础的当然是语法了，下面是关于语法的基础英语知识，希望对大家有帮助。
名词：名词单复数，名词的格
（一）名词单复数
1．一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3．以―辅音字母+y‖结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4．以―f或fe‖结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
5．不规则名词复数：
man-men,
woman-women,
policeman-policemen,
policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children,
foot-feet,
tooth-teeth,
fish-fish,
people-people,
Chinese-Chinese,
Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原型： paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
（二）名词的格
1.有生命的东西的名词所有格：
（1） 单数后加 ‘s 如: Lucy‘s ruler my father‘s shirt
（2）以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ‘如: his friends‘ bags
（3）不以s 结尾的复数后加 ‘s children‘s shoes
并列名词中，如果把 ‘s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有；
如:Tom and Mike‘s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加‘s.
如:Tom‘s and Mike‘s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
2.表示无生命东西的名词通常用― of ＋名词‖来表示所有关系：
如:a picture of the classroom a map of China
冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类
（一） 不定冠词：a / an
元音读音开头的'可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an hour an old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
（二）定冠词：the
定冠词的用法：
1.特指某（些）人或某（些）物： The ruler is on the desk.
2.复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
3.谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren‘t at school.
4.在序数词前： John‘s birthday is February the second.
5.用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠词的情况：
（1）专有名词前：China is a big country.
（2）名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：
This is my baseball.
（3）复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys can‘t swim. They are teachers.
（4）在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. It‘s Sunday.
（5）一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.
（6）球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well.
（7）学科名称前：My favorite subject is music.
（8）在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li.
（9）固定词组中：at noon at night by bus
形容词、副词：比较级，最高级
（一）、形容词的比较级
1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格（口语中可用宾格）。
2．形容词加er的规则：
⑴ 一般在词尾加er ；
⑵ 以字母e 结尾，加r ；
⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ；
⑷ 以―辅音字母+y‖结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。
3．不规则形容词比较级：
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
（二）副词的比较级
1．形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be；有动用副，有副用动) ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后 ⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2．副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化：well-better, far-farther)
数词：基数词，序数词
（一）基数词
1.1-20
one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen， sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen，twenty
2.21-99
先说―几十‖，再说―几‖，中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three，34→thirty-four，45→forty—five，56→fifty-six，67→sixty-seven，78→seventy-eight，89→eighty-nine，91→ninety-one
3.101—999
先说―几百‖，再加and，再加末两位数或末位数；
586→five hundred and eighty-six，803→eight hundred and three
4.l，000以上，先从右往左数，每三位数加一个―，‖，第一个―，‖前为thousand.第二个―，‖前为million，第三个―，‖前为billion 1，001→one thousand and one
18，423→eighteen thousand，four hundred and twenty-three
6，260，309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine 750，000，000，000→seven hundred and fifty billion
（二）序数词
1.一般在基数词后加th
eg.four→fourth，thirteen→thirteenth
2.不规则变化
one→first，two→second，three→third，five→fifth，eight→eighth，nine→ninth，twelve—twelfth
3.以y结尾的十位整数，变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth， forty→fortieth， ninety→ninetieth
4.从二十一后的―几十几‖直至―几百几十几‖或―几千几百几十几‖只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first，two hundred and forty-fifth 基数词转为序数词的口诀： 基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th.
一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母t,d,d. 八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。 ty将y变成i，th前面有个e.
若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。
介词：常用介词：in, on, at, behind等
（一）.at表示时间概念的某一个点。（在某时刻、时间、阶段等）。
at 1：00（dawn，midnight，noon）在一点钟（黎明、午夜、中午）
（二）.on表示具体日期。
注：（1）关于"在周末"的几种表示法：
at（on）the weekend在周末---特指
at（on）weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整个周末
ring the weekend在周末期间
（2）在圣诞节，应说at Christmas而不说on Christmas
（3）在（刚……）的时候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents． 一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。
（三）．in.表示"时段"、"时期"，在多数情况下可以和ring互换，前者强调对比，后者强调持续。 in（ring）1988（December，the 20th century）在一九八八年（十二月、二十世纪）
动词：
动词的四种时态：
（一）一般现在时：
一般现在时的构成
1.be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如： I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
2. 行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如： We study English. 我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 动词+s的变化规则
（1）一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
（2）以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3．以―辅音字母+y‖结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
（二）一般过去时:
动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有：
1.、规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed：如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e结尾的动词直接加d：如 lived , danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed（此类动词较少）如 study – studied carry
– carried worry – worried （注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类）
④ 双写最后一个字母（此类动词较少）如 stopped B、不规则动词（此类词并无规则，须熟记）小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式：sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
（三）一般将来时： 基本结构：
①be going to + do；
②will+ do. be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.
（四）现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词
动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则：
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing ，如having , writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的（此类动词极少）有：running , swimming , sitting , getting
;⑩ 英语语法句子种类的基础知识
关于英语语法句子种类的基础知识
初中英语语法:英语语法句子种类基础知识
句子的种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1. 凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或者表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，它可以用肯定式和否定式，句末用句号"."，通常用降调。
掌握陈述句的肯定式和否定式的构成及用法。
e.g. We live in Tianjin. （肯定句）我们住在天津。
We don't live in Shanghai. （否定句）我们不住在上海。
注意：（1）在一般现在时的肯定式中，主语是第三人称单数时，动词要改成第三人称单数形式。
e.g. John studies Chinese very well.
（2）一般现在时和一般过去时的否定式要加助动词do （does）, did.
e.g. I don't like swimming. 我不喜欢游泳。
He doesn't have lunch at home every day. 他每天不在家吃午饭。
They didn't play football yesterday. 他们昨天没有踢足球。
2. 掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句的构成、用法和答语。注意在一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句要加助动词do（does）, did.
e.g. Do you often speak English at school ? 在学校你常讲英语吗？
Does she have a brother ? = Has she got a brother ? 她有兄弟吗？
Did it take you two hours to do your homework last night ?
昨天晚上做作业花了你2个小时吗？
What do you often do on Sundays ?
星期日你常常干什么？
When does your father get up every morning ?
你父亲每天早晨几点钟起床？
Why didn't your teacher come to school yesterday ?
昨天你们的老师为什么没来学校呢？
提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种，这种疑问句叫选择疑问句。结构是："一般疑问句＋or＋一般疑问句"，但常把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略。说明or前面部分用升调，后面部分用降调。
e.g. Is her brother an artist or a doctor ?
她的兄弟是一个艺术家还是个医生？
Would you like tea or coffee ?
你愿意喝茶还是喝咖啡？
Shall we go to the cinema on Saturday or on Sunday ?
我们是周六还是周日去电影院？
反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见，但没把握，希望对方来证实。
注意反意疑问句的结构是：肯定的陈述句＋否定的疑问句（缩略形式）
或：否定的陈述句＋肯定的疑问句（缩略形式）
两部分的人称和时态要一致。
特别要注意否定的疑问句中的助动词必须缩写，主语（最后一个词）必须是代词而不能是名词。
e.g. Your sister has ever been to Shanghai , hasn't she ?
你姐姐曾经去过上海是吗？
The boys didn't find anything , did they ?
男孩子们什么也没找到/发现，是不是？
在回答反意疑问句时，要根据事实而定，事实是肯定的要回答Yes , …，事实是否定的要回答No, ….
e.g. He isn't going to the meeting , is he ?
他不去参加会，是吗？
Yes , he is . 不，他要去。
No , he isn't. 是的/对，他不去。
It didn't snow last week , did it ?
上周没有下雪，对吗？
Yes , it did. / No , it didn't. 不，下雪了。是的，没下雪。
3. 掌握祈使句的肯定式和否定式。祈使句没有主语。指让对方做某事，动词要用原形。表示请求，命令、建议等。
e.g. Go back to your seat , please. 请回到你的座位上去。
Don't make so much noise. 不要吵吵闹闹。
Let's go to school together ! 咱们一起上学去吧！
（let's是含有第一人称主语的祈使句）
Let him help the child. 让他帮助那个孩子。（let him是含有第三人称主语的祈使句）
注意：否定形式是Let's （us , me）+not +动词原形
e.g. Let's not say anything about it.
对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说了。
4. 表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句，理解由What和How引导的感叹句的语序和感叹句的使用方法。How和What与所修饰的词放在句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。在口语中谓语常省略。
（1）how作状语，修饰形容词，副词或动词
结构：How+形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语
How nice the flowers are ! 花多漂亮啊！
How hard he works ! 他工作的多努力啊！
（2）what作宾语，修饰名词（名词前可有其他定语），单词可数名词前要加不定冠词a（an）.
结构：What a （an）+形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语
e.g. What a clever girl （she is ）!
她是一个多么聪明的女孩啊！
What delicious food ! 多么好吃的食物啊！
句子的类型可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
简单句：The Simple Sentence由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。
e.g. I get up at six thirty in the morning.
My mother and I often go shopping.
并列句：The Compound Sentence 由并列词and , so , but , or等）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。要掌握并列句的构成及用法。
e.g. I help him and he helps me. 我帮他，他帮我。
This is our first lesson , so I don't know all your names.
这是我们的第一节课，所以我不认识你们。
She likes bread and milk , but she doesn't like eggs at all.
她喜欢吃面包和牛奶，但她一点儿也不喜欢吃鸡蛋。
复合句：The Complex Sentence 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。
e.g. If you are ill , you must see the doctor.
如果你病了，一定要去看医生。（状语从句）
I hope he's better tomorrow.
我希望他明天身体更好一些。（宾语从句）
熟练掌握宾语从句的`语序及关联词that , if / whether , what , who , which , whose , when , what time , where , how 等的用法，以及宾语从句的时态。
在复合句中作主句的宾语，叫宾语从句。
注意：宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句语序。
e.g. I asked him if he was a student.
宾语从句的时态呼应是：主句的时态是一般现在时，从句可以是任何一个时态。
如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句必须是过去时态的一种形式。
当表示事实、真理、自然现象时必须用一般现在时。
e.g. The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。
请注意防止出现以下错误：
A. They said that they'll leave if Peter stays.
时态错误，应改为：They said that they would leave if Peter stayed.
B. He asked why were you late for school.
语序错误，应改为：He asked why you were late for school .
C. Her brother asked me whose book this was ?
标点错误，问号应该改为句号。
熟练掌握由when , before , after , as soon as , until , because , than , if , so …that等词引导的时间、原因，比较，条件、结果状语从句。
在复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等的从句叫作状语从句。
时间状语从句：
When she reached home , she had a short rest.
当她到家时，她休息了一会儿。
Judy had finished writing the book before she went to Queensland.
朱娣在去昆士兰之前已经写完了那本书。
I went to bed after I finished my article.
我写完文章之后才上床。
As soon as the bell rang the students, stopped talking to each other.
铃声一响，学生们就停止了谈话。
We won't leave until the headteacher comes back.
班主任回来我们才会离开。
原因状语从句：
The children went to the farm , because the farmers needed some help.
孩子们去农场是因为农民们需要帮忙。
比较状语从句：Jim is older than Lucy is.
吉姆比露西大。
条件状语从句：
If it rains tomorrow , we won't hold a sports meeting on the sportsground .
如果明天下雨，我们就不在运动场上开运动会了。
结果状语从句：
The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.
这个箱子太沉以致于我无法抬起来。
目的状语从句：
The headmaster spoke loudly so that all the students could hear what he said.
校长高声讲话为的是全体学生能够听到他所讲的话。
让步状语从句：
Although he is young , he knows a lot of things.
虽然他年龄小，但却认识许多事情。
状语从句的时态要与主句时态相互呼应。但要注意以as soon as , when , until等引导的时间状语从句表示将来的动作时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
e.g. He will write to me as soon as he gets to America.
他一到美国就给我写信。
When I see him , I will tell him this good news.
当我见到他时，我将告诉他这个好消息。
We won't leave until we finish our homework .
直到完成作业我们才会离开。
以if引导的条件状语从句假设的是将来的动作，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
e.g. He will come to see me if he has time. 如果条件状语从句放在宾语从句中，时态则依照宾语从句的要求而变。
e.g. My mother said she would buy me a book if I studied hard.
我母亲说如果我努力学习，她要给我买一本书。
以because引导的原因状语从句不可能和so一起连用。
e.g. He didn't come to school yesterday because he was ill.
他昨天没来学校，因为他生病了。
注意防止出现以下错误：
A. I'm sure he'll ring you up if he will come back.
从句时态错误，will come应该改为comes.
B. Because he was tired , so he went to bed very early.
中文习惯用"因为……所以……"，但在英语中because不能和so同时使用，应该去掉其中的一个。
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