❶ 小升初英语必背10个知识点
小升初英语必背10个知识点
在小升初英语的学习中，有十个知识点是我们必须掌握的，下面我就来为大家介绍一下是哪些知识点吧!
一、There be句型
(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词，没有词义;主语是be后面的名词， be是谓语动词，在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构：
There be放句首，主语跟在后。地、时放句末，强调置前头。如：There is a book on the desk.有时为了强调地点，也可把介词短语放在句首。如：
On the desk there is a book.
(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀：Be动词，有三个，am，is还有are。“There be”真特别，不留am只留俩，那就是is还有are。要用is还是are，须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is，否则就用 are。如：1.There is a tree behind the house
2.There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).
(3)Thereare some pears in the box.
注意：如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说，“be”的形式是 由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is，是复数就用are。如：①There is a book and some pens on the floor.②There are some pens and a book on the floor.
二、动词be(is,am,are)的用法
我(I)用am,你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。
三、this，that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。
(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的.人或物用that。如： This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处)That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)
(3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this, 后说that。如：This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。
(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is…。如：This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。
(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如：This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。
(6)打电话时，介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如：-Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗?-Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的，我是，你是谁?注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?
(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。
如：1.Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗?-Yes, it is. 是的，它是。
2.What’s that? 那是什么?-It’s a kite. 是只风筝。
四、these和those用法
this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。
1.This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。
2.These pictures are good. 那些画很好。
3.Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗?
在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如：④Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?Yes, they are. 是的，他们是。
五、名词+’s所有格单数名词后直接加 “ ’s ”：
Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的妈妈
以s结尾的复数名词，只加“’”Teachers’ Day教师节 the twins’ books双胞胎的书
不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数，加“ ’s ”Children’s Day 儿童节 men’s shoes男式鞋
表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加’sLucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈)
表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加’sLucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间，两间房子)
六、时间的表达法
(1) 直读式，即直接读出时间数字
7:05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen
(2) 过、差式，即几点差几分，几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two
3:43seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five
(3)12小时制
6:00 a.m. 上午6点 8:20 p.m. 下午8点20分
(4)24小时制
13:00
13点钟 22:15 22点15分
(5)15分可用quarter
4:15
a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six
(6)时间前通常用at.at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.
七、want用法
(1)想干什么用want to do sth
They
want to join the sports club. 他们想加入运动俱乐部。
(2)第三人称单数作主语，want要作变化①He wants to play basketball.
②Li Xia wants to play the piano.
(3)变疑问句，否定句要借助助动词do或does.
①-Do
you want to play soccer ball ?
-Yes, I do . / No , I don’t.
②-Does he want to go home by bus ?
-Yes, he does . / No , he doesn’t
八、like一词的用法like用作及物动词，译为“喜欢”。
(1)后接名词或代词，表示喜欢某人或某物。如：I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。
(2)后接动名词(v. -ing)，表示“喜欢做某事”，着重于习惯、爱好。如：Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球。
(3)后接动词不定式(to do )，表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”，着重于某次具体的行为。如：I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书，但我今晚想看电视。
九、句子单数变复数，注意以下五要素
(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we, you→you，she,he,it→ they。
如：She is a girl. →They are girls.
(2)am，is要变为are。如：I’m a student. →We are students.
(3)不定冠词a，an要去掉。如：He is a boy. →They are boys.
(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如：It is an apple. →They are apples.
(5)指示代词this，that要变为these，those。如：This is a box. →These are boxes.
十、英语日期的表示法
英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们的首字母必须大写，并且前面无需用冠词。
用英语表示日期，其顺序为月+日+年，日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如：August 2nd，2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如：10th May，2003(2003年5月10日)英语日期前介词的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，则用介词in，若具体到某一天，则需用介词on。
;❷ 小升初英语语法大全与必背知识点
英语对于多数孩子都不算难题，听说都非常厉害!但目前小升初英语的考试不会考查咱孩子听与说的能力，更注重语法知识的考查，所以相对而言语法弱的孩子，迎战小升初会比较拉分。我在这里整理了小升初英语语法复习资料，希望能帮到您
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小升初英语语法大全
一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格
(一)名词单复数
1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books， bag-bags， cat-cats， bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses， box-boxes， brush-brushes， watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i， 再加-es，如：family-families， strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v， 再加-es，如：knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数：
man-men， woman-women， policeman-policemen， policewoman-policewomen， mouse-mice
child-children， foot-feet， tooth-teeth， fish-fish， people-people， Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原型： paper， juice， water， milk， rice， tea
(二)名词的格
(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格：
a) 单数后加 ’s 如： Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如： his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes
? 并列名词中，如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有， 如：
Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
? 要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系：如：
a picture of the classroom a map of China
二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类：
(1)不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle
元音开头的可数名词前用an ：
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress /
an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an
exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(2)定冠词：the the egg the plane
2. 用法：
定冠词的用法：
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物： The ruler is on the desk.
(2)复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school.
(4)在序数词前： John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠词的情况：
(1)专有名词前：China is a big country.
(2)名词前有定语：this ， that ， my ， your ， some， any ， no 等：
This is my baseball.
(3)复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6：30.
(6)球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
▲但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well.
(7)学科名称前：My favorite subject is music.
(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li.
(9)固定词组中：at noon at night by bus
三、代词：人称代词，物主代词
人称代词 物主代词
主格 宾格
第一
人称 单数 I(我) me my(我的)
复数 we(我们) us our(我们的)
第二
人称 单数 you(你) you your(你的)
复数 you(你们) you your(你们的)
第三
人称 单数 he(他) him his(他的)
she(她) her her(她的)
it(它) it its(它的)
复数 they(他们/她们/它们) them their(他们的/她们的/它们的)
四、形容词，副词：比较级，最高级
(一)、形容词的比较级
1、形容词比较级在 句子 中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more， a
little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。
2.形容词加er的规则：
⑴ 一般在词尾加er ;
⑵ 以字母e 结尾，加r ;
⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ;
⑷ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。
3.不规则形容词比较级：
good-better， beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副词的比较级
1.形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be;有动用副，有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化：well-better， far-farther)
五 数词：基数词，序数词
一、基数词
(1)1-20
one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen，
sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen，twenty
(2)21-99 先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three，34→thirty-four，45→forty—five，56→fifty-six，67→sixty-seven，78→seventy-eight，89→
eighty-nine，91→ninety-one
(3)101—999先说“几百”，再加and，再加末两位数或末位数;
586→five hundred and eighty-six，803→eight hundred and three
(4)l，000以上，先从右往左数，每三位数加一个“，”，第一个“，”前为thousand.第二个“，”前为million，第三个“
，”前为billion
1，001→one thousand and one
18，423→eighteen thousand，four hundred and twenty-three
6，260，309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750，000，000，000→seven hundred and fifty billion
二、序数词
(1)一般在基数词后加th
eg.four→fourth，thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不规则变化
one→first，two→second，three→third，five→fifth，eight→eighth，nine→ninth，twelve—twelfth
(3)以y结尾的十位整数，变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth， forty→fortieth， ninety→ninetieth
(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first，two hundred and forty-fifth
基数词转为序数词的口诀：
基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th.
一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母t，d，d.
八去t，九去e， ve要用f替。
ty将y变成i，th前面有个e.
若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。
六、介词：常用介词：in， on， at， behind等
1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。
at 1：00(dawn，midnight，noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)
2.on
1)表示具体日期。
注：(1)关于“在周末”的几种表示法：
at(on)the weekend在周末---特指
at(on)weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整个周末
ring the weekend在周末期间
(2)在 圣诞节 ，应说at Christmas而不说on Christmas
2)在(刚……)的时候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。
3.in
1)表示“时段”、“时期”，在多数情况下可以和ring互换，前者强调对比，后者强调持续。in(ring)1988(December，
the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)
七、动词：动词的四种时态：
(1)一般现在时：
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词：主语+be(am， is， are)+ 其它 。如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
2. 行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如： We study English. 我们 学习英语 。
当主语为第三人称单数(he， she， it)时，要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks， milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses， wash-washes， watch-watches， go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i， 再加-es，如：study-studies
(2)一般过去时：
动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有：
A、规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed：如worked ， learned ， cleaned ， visited
②以e结尾的动词直接加d：如lived ， danced ， used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如study – studied carry – carried worry–
worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y，所以不属于此类)
④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stopped
B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则，须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式：sing – sang ， eat– ate ，
see – saw ， have – had ， do – did ， go – went ， take – took ， buy – bought ， get –got ， read – read
，fly – flew ， am/is – was ，
are – were ， say – said ， leave – left ， swim – swam ， tell – told ， draw – drew ，come – came ， lose
– lost ， find – found ， drink – drank ， hurt – hurt ， feel – felt
(3)一般将来时：
基本结构： ①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4)现在进行时： am，is，are+动词现在分词
动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则：
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing ， 如doing ， going ， working ， singing ， eating
② 以e 结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing，如having ， writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有：running ， swimming ， sitting ， getting
第三部分：句法
1.陈述句
(1)肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如：I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12：00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
(2)、否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如：I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12：00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
2. 疑问句
一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes”，或“no”来回答。
特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词(what ， where ， who ， which ， when ， whose ， why ， how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该
问什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no”来回答。
3.There be句型
There be 句型与have， has的区别
1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)x kb 1.c om
2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be动词根据最__近be 动 词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not ， 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：
How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词 短语 ?
How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：
What’s + 介词短语?
小升初英语必背的10个知识点汇总
1.动词be(is,am,are)的用法
我(I)用am,你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。
2.this，that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。
(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如： This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处)That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)
(3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this, 后说that。如：This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。
(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is…。如：This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。
(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如：This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。
(6)打电话时，介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如：-Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗?-Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的，我是，你是谁?注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?
(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如：①-Is this a notebook? 这是 笔记本 吗?-Yes, it is. 是的，它是。②-What’s that? 那是什么?-It’s a kite. 是只风筝。
3.these和those用法
this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。
①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。
②These pictures are good. 那些画很好。
③ Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗?
在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如：④Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?Yes, they are. 是的，他们是。
4.名词+’s所有格单数名词后直接加 “ ’s ”：
Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的妈妈
以s结尾的复数名词，只加“’”Teachers’ Day 教师节 the twins’ books双胞胎的书
不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数，加“ ’s ”Children’s Day 儿童 节 men’s shoes男式鞋
表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加’sLucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈)
表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加’sLucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间，两间房子)
5.There be句型
(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词，没有词义;主语是be后面的名词， be是谓语动词，在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构：
There be放句首，主语跟在后。地、时放句末，强调置前头。如：There is a book on the desk.有时为了强调地点，也可把介词短语放在句首。如：
On the desk there is a book.
(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀：Be动词，有三个，am，is还有are。“There be”真特别，不留am只留俩，那就是is还有are。要用is还是are，须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is，否则就用are。
如：①There is a tree behind the house.
②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).
③There are some pears in the box.
(3)注意：如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说，“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is，是复数就用are。
如：①There is a book and some pens on the floor.
②There are some pens and a book on the floor.
6.like一词的用法like用作及物动词，译为“喜欢”。
(1)后接名词或代词，表示喜欢某人或某物。如：I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。
(2)后接动名词(v. -ing)，表示“喜欢做某事”，着重于习惯、 爱好 。如：Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢 足球 。
(3)后接动词不定式(to do )，表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”，着重于某次具体的行为。如：I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书，但我今晚想看电视。
7.句子单数变复数，注意以下五要素
(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we, you→you，she,he,it→ they。
如：She is a girl. →They are girls.
(2)am，is要变为are。如：I’m a student. →We are students.
(3)不定冠词a，an要去掉。如：He is a boy. →They are boys.
(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如：It is an apple. →They are apples.
(5)指示代词this，that要变为these，those。如：This is a box. →These are boxes.
8.英语日期的表示法
英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们的首字母必须大写，并且前面无需用冠词。
用英语表示日期，其顺序为月+日+年，日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如：August 2nd，2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如：10th May，2003(2003年5月10日)英语日期前介词的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，则用介词in，若具体到某一天，则需用介词on。
9.时间的表达法
(1) 直读式，即直接读出时间数字
7:05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen
(2) 过、差式，即几点差几分，几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two
3:43seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five
(3)12小时制
6:00 a.m. 上午6点 8:20 p.m. 下午8点20分
(4)24小时制
13:00
13点钟 22:15 22点15分
(5)15分可用quarter
4:15
a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six
(6)时间前通常用at.
at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.
10. want用法
(1)想干什么用want to do sth
They want to join the sports club. 他们想加入运动俱乐部。
(2)第三人称单数作主语，want要作变化
①He wants to play basketball.
②Li Xia wants to play the piano.
(3)变疑问句，否定句要借助助动词do或does.
①-Do you want to play soccer ball ?
-Yes, I do . / No , I don’t.
②-Does he want to go home by bus ?
-Yes, he does . / No , he doesn’t
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var _hmt = _hmt || []; (function() { var hm = document.createElement("script"); hm.src = "https://hm..com/hm.js?"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm, s); })();❸ 小升初英语常考语法知识
2017小升初英语常考语法知识大全
为了帮助大家准备小升初英语考试，我精心准备了一些常考英语语法知识，希望能帮到大家!
一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格
(一)名词单复数
1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原型： paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名词的格
(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格：
a) 单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加 ’s children’s shoes
并列名词中，如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系：如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类：
(1)不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle
元音开头的可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress /
an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an
exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(2)定冠词：the the egg the plane
2. 用法:
定冠词的用法：
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物： The ruler is on the desk.
(2)复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school.
(4)在序数词前： John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定词组中： in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠词的情况：
(1)专有名词前：China is a big country.
(2)名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：
This is my baseball.
(3)复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球类 棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
* 但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well.
(7)学科名称前：My favorite subject is music.
(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li.
(9)固定词组中：at noon at night by bus
三、代词：人称代词，物主代词
人称代词 物主代词
主格 宾格
第一
人称 单数 I(我) me my(我的)
复数 we(我们) us our(我们的)
第二
人称 单数 you(你) you your(你的)
复数 you(你们) you your(你们的)
第三
人称 单数 he(他) him his(他的)
she(她) her her(她的)
it(它) it its(它的)
复数 they(他们/她们/它们) them their(他们的/她们的/它们的)
四、形容词，副词：比较级，最高级
(一)、形容词的比较级
1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a
little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。
2.形容词加er的规则：
⑴ 一般在词尾加er ;
⑵ 以字母e 结尾，加r ;
⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ;
⑷ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i，再加er 。
3.不规则形容词比较级：
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副词的比较级
1.形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形，有形用be;有动用副，有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化：well-better, far-farther)
五 数词：基数词，序数词一、基数词
(1)1-20
one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen，
sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen，twenty
(2)21-99 先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three，34→thirty-four，45→forty—five，56→fifty-six，67→sixty-seven，78→seventy-eight，89→
eighty-nine，91→ninety-one
(3)101—999先说“几百”，再加and，再加末两位数或末位数;
586→five hundred and eighty-six，803→eight hundred and three
(4)l，000以上，先从右往左数，每三位数加一个“，”，第一个“，”前为thousand.第二个“，”前为million，第三个“
，”前为billion
1，001→one thousand and one
18，423→eighteen thousand，four hundred and twenty-three
6，260，309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750，000，000，000→seven hundred and fifty billion
二、序数词
(1)一般在基数词后加th
eg.four→fourth，thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不规则变化
one→first，two→second，three→third，five→fifth，eight→eighth，nine→ninth，twelve—twelfth
(3)以y结尾的十位整数，变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth， forty→fortieth， ninety→ninetieth
(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first，two hundred and forty-fifth
基数词转为序数词的口诀：
基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th.
一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母t,d,d.
八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。
ty将y变成i，th前面有个e.
若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。
六、介词：常用介词：in, on, at, behind等
1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。
??at 1：00(dawn，midnight，noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午) ??
2.on
1)表示具体日期。
注：(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法：
??at(on)the weekend?在周末---特指
??at(on)weekends?在周末---泛指
??over the weekend?在整个周末
??ring the weekend?在周末期间
? (2)在圣诞节，应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas?
2)在(刚……)的时候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。
3.in
1)表示"时段"、"时期"，在多数情况下可以和ring互换，前者强调对比，后者强调持续。 in(ring)1988(December，
the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)
七、动词：动词的四种时态：
(1)一般现在时：
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词：主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
2. 行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如： We study English. 我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
(2)一般过去时:
动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有：
A、规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed：如worked , learned , cleaned , visited
②以e结尾的动词直接加d：如lived , danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如study – studied carry – carried worry –
worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)
④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如stopped
B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则，须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的.原形和过去式：sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read
,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose
– lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3)一般将来时：
基本结构： ①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词
动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则：
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing，如having , writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting
第三部分：句法
1.陈述句
(1)肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如：I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
(2)、否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如：I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
2. 疑问句
一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes”，或“no”来回答。
特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该
问什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no”来回答。
3.There be句型
There be 句型与have, has的区别
1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)x kb 1.c om
2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最*近be 动
词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：
How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?
How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：
What’s + 介词短语?
;❹ 小升初英语常见句型
小升初英语常见句型精选
在英语学习中，句型是很重要的一点，句型就相当于英语的骨架，想要学好英语，想要英语考试取得高分，掌握句型就是必须要做好的一个环节，下面我就给大家分享一些常见的英语句型，以供大家参考学习，欢迎大家的查看!
一、询问姓名、年龄
1. What’s your name? 你叫什么名字?
My name is ________. 我叫……。
2. How old are you? 你几岁了?
I’m 12. 我十二岁。
二、询问颜色
1. What colour is it? 它是什么颜色的?
It’s yellow and white. 黄白相间。
2. What colour are they? 它们是什么颜色的?
They’re green. 绿色的。
三、询问数量或价钱
1. How many kites can you see? 你可以看见几只风筝?
I can see 12. 我可以看见十二只风筝。
2. How many crayons do you have? 你有多少支彩笔?
I have 16. 我有十六支。
3.-How many people are there in your family? 你家有几口人?
Three. 三口人。
4.-How much is this dress? 这条连衣裙多少钱?
It’s ninety-nine yuan. 九十九元。
5.-How much are these apples? 这些苹果多少钱?
They’re thirty-five yuan. 三十五元。
四、询问时间或日期
1. --What time is it now? 现在几点钟?
-It’s nine o’clock.It’s time for English class.九点。该上英语课了。
-It’s eight o’clock. It’s time to go to bed. 八点。该上床睡觉了。
2.--What day is it today? 今天星期几?
It’s Monday. 星期一。
What do we have on Mondays? 我们星期一上哪些课?
We have Chinese, English, math …语文、英语、数学……
3.When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候?
--It’s October 1st, our National Day.十月一日，国庆节。
4.When do you do morning exercises? 你们什么时候做早锻炼?
--I usually do morning exercises at 8:30.--我们通常8：30做早锻炼。
五、询问方位或地方
1. Where is my toy car? 我的'玩具汽车在哪儿?
It’s here, under the chair. 在这儿，在椅子下面。
2.Where is the canteen? 餐厅在哪儿?
--It’s on the first floor 在一楼。
3. Where are the keys? 钥匙在哪儿?
--They’re in the door. 在门上。
4.--Excuse me. Where is the library, please? 对不起，请问图书馆在哪儿?
It’s near the post office. 在邮局附近。
5. Where are you from? 你从哪儿来?
--I’m from China. 我从中国来。
6. Where does the rain come from? 雨是从哪儿来的?
--It comes from the clouds. 它是从云层里来的。
六、询问想吃的东西
1.What would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner ?
你早餐/中餐/晚餐想吃点什么?
--I’d like some bread and milk / rice and soup.
我想吃面包和牛奶/米饭和汤。
2.What’s for breakfast / lunch / dinner?早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么?
--Hamburgers and orange juice. 汉堡包和橙汁。
七、询问天气状况
1.What’s the weather like in Beijing? 北京的天气如何?
--It’s rainy today. How about New York? 今天是雨天。纽约呢?
--It’s sunny and hot. 今天是晴天，天气很热。
八、询问身体状况或情绪
1. How do you feel? 你感觉如何?
I feel sick. 我觉得不舒服。
2. What’s the matter? 怎么了?
My throat is sore. / I have a sore throat.我的喉咙疼。
3. How are you, Sarah? You look so happy. 你好吗，莎拉?你看起来这么伤心。
I failed the math test. 我的数学考试没有通过。
九、询问职业、身份或人物
1.What’s your father / mother? 你的父亲 / 母亲是做什么的?
He’s a doctor. / She’s a teacher.他是一名医生。/ 她是一名教师。
2.What does your mother / father do? 你的母亲 / 父亲是做什么的?
She’s a TV reporter. / He’s a teacher. He teaches English.
她是一名电视台记者。/他是一名教师。他教英语。
3.Who’s that man / woman? 那位男士 / 女士是谁?
He’s my father. / She’s my mother. 他是我父亲。 / 她是我母亲。
4.Who’s this boy / girl? 那个男孩儿 / 女孩儿是谁?
He’s my brother. / She’s my sister.--他是我兄弟。 / 她是我姐妹。
5.Who’s your art teacher? 你们的美术老师是谁?
Miss Wang. 王老师。
What’s she like? 她长什么样儿?
She’s young and thin. 她很年轻、苗条。
;❺ 必背！小升初英语70个重点句型
必背！小升初英语70个重点句型
转眼间就到4月下旬了，距离小升初考试越来越近，不知道大家都复习得怎么样了呢?下面是我为大家搜索整理的更关于小升初英语70个重点句型，欢迎参考学习，希望对大家备考有所帮助!想了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们应届毕业生培训网!
1. allow sb to do sth 允许某人去做某事(后接动词不定式)
My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework。
2. asked sb (not) to do sth 叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事)
My father asked me to study hard。
He asked me not to swim alone。
be asked to do sth 被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事
I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday。
3. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事
She is afraid to ask me questions。
4. be afaid of doing sth 害怕做某事
I am afraid of going out at night。
5. be afaid of sth 害怕某物
He is afraid of snakes。
6. be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶
He was amazed to meet the girl there。
be amazed at sth 对某事感到惊讶
they were amazed at the news。
7. be busy doing/with sth 忙于做某事(常考)
I was busy washing my car at that time. 那时候我正忙于清洗我的车子。
I am busy with my work。
8. becoming/going/leaving/fiying/moving/dying(某些位移动词用进行时态时表将来)
the bus is coming/the dog is dying。
9. be excited to do sth 对做……感到兴奋
Jacky was excited to travel there by plane。
be excited at sth
Lily was excited at his words。
be excited about doing sth
he was excited about passing the exam without going overing books。
10. be frightened to do sth 害怕去做某事
Sam is frightened to ride a horse。
11. be glad/happy to do sth 高兴去做某事
She is happy to clean theblackboard with me。
be pleased to do sth高兴做某事
She was pleased to helpthe old man yesterday。
be pleased with sth 对某事感到高兴/满意
The teacher was pleasedwith my answer。
12.be interested in sth/doing sth 对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣
She is interested inswimming in the river。
My btother is interestedin Chinese。
13. be/get ready for/to do sth
be ready for 为某事做好了准备
We are ready for the exam。
Be ready to do sth 为做某事做好了准备
We are ready to have a birthday party for her。
get ready for sth为某事在做准备
We are getting ready for the exam。
14. be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇
be surprised at sth 对某事感到惊奇
This is nothing to be surprised at。
I'd be surprised to see him on such an occasion。
15. be worth doing sth 值得做某事(worth 后接动词-ing形式，常考)
It was too remote to be worth thinking about。
16. 开始去做某事begin to do sth begin/start to do/doing sth
When do children begin to go to school?
17. can/be able to afford (to buy) sth 有能力负担(购买)……
At this rate we won't be able to afford a holiday。
18. can/may/must do sth could/would/should/might do sth
We may come at another time。
19. can't wait todo sth 迫不急待地去做某事
I can’t wait to hear the news。
20. decide to do sth 决定去做某事
make up one's mind to do sth 下决心去做某事(常考)
make a decision to do sth 对做某事作出决定
What do they decide to do?
I have made up my mind to go with him
21. deserve to do sth 值得/应该做……
We must admit that she did deserve to win。
22. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人去做某事
Encourage them to do some other helpful recreations。
23. enjoy doing sth 喜欢去做某事
I enjoy reading the story book
24. expect (sb) to do sth 期望去做某事
Don't expect him to help you。
25. fail to do sth 做某事失败
succeed doing sth 成功做了某事
If you don' t work, you willfail to pass the exam。
26. finish doing sth 做完某事(后接动词-ing形式)(常考)
After finish doing your homework, you can have a rest。
27. follow sb to do sth 跟随某人去做某事
Follow me to read the new words。
28. get sb to do sth / make sb do sth/ let sb do st 让某人做某事(后接动词原形)
Her jokes made us laugh。
29. get/have a chance to do sth 得到一个做某事的机会
I'm very happy to have a chance to visit your school。
30. give/pass/show/lend/sell sb sth/sth to sb
buy/get/bring sb sth/sth for sb
Please give me a piece of paper。
I bought him a drink in return for his help。
31. go on to do sth /go on doing sth 继续做事(常考)
Go on doing the exercise after a short rest。
32. hate to do/doing sth 讨厌/不喜欢做某事
Ihate to tell the news to you。
33. have fun doing sth 做某事很有趣
Have fun getting to know each other。
34. have problems doing sth 做某事遇到困难
Many people have problems getting to sleep at night。
35. have sb do sth/have sth done 让某人做某事
This is the best work you have ever done。
36. hear sb do sth 听到某人做某事(后接动词原形，常考)
hear sb doing sth 听到某人正在做某事(常见)
I heard someone laughing。
37. help to do sth 帮忙做某事
help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
I'll help you clean the room。
38. hope/wish to do sth 希望做某事
wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
I wish to take this opportunity to thank you all。
39. It seems that 这像是……(后接从句)
seem to do sth
seem +adj
It'seems that you are lying。
Does that seem to make sense?
40. It's + adj+(for sb) to do sth 。
It's+adj +(of sb) to do sth
It's glad for him to hear the news。
41. It takes sb sometime/money to do sth . 花费某人多长时间做某事(常考)
It takes me an hour to walk there and back。
42. pay …for… cost spend…on….. it take …to do sth 花费
He paid for it out of his own pocket。
43. It's best for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的
It's best for you to do more exercise。
had better do sth 最好做某事(注意had没有时态和人称的变化，better后接动词原形)
You had better go to the school。
44.It's time for sb to do sth 是某人做某事的时候了
It's time for us to have dinner。
45.keep (on)doing sth 坚持做某事(常考)
John always kept (on) asking questions。
keep sb doing sth 让某人做某事(常考)
Don't keep me waiting。
keep sbfrom doing sth 阻止某人做某事(常考)
He keeps her from cutting the tree。
keep sb/sth +adj 使某人保持……的状态
Washingyour hands keeps you healthy。
46.learn to do sth 学做某事 Ilearn to play football.
learn sth from sb 向某人学习
I learn the spirit from him
47.like to do/doing sth 喜欢做某事 like sb to do sth 喜欢某人做某事
She likes swimming./She likes to swim this afternoon。
48.need to do sth/ need doing sth/need to be done 需要做某事
The garden needs to be watered. / The garden needs watering。
49. prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿……而不愿……(常考)
I would prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than drive out。
prefer doing sth to doing sth 喜欢做……胜过做……
I prefer reading books to going shopping. 比起购物来，我更爱读书。
preferto do sth 喜欢(爱)做某事
50. refuse to do sth 拒绝做……
I refuse to answer that question。
51. remember/forget to do sth 记得/忘记做某事(没有发生)
Please do remember to post a letter forme。务必记得帮我寄信。
remember/forget doing sth 记得/忘记做过某事
I remember telling you the news before。我记得曾经告诉过你这个消息。
52. see sb do sth 看见某人做某事(结果)
see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事(正在进行中)
be seen to do sth 做某事被看见
I saw them play football last weekend。
I saw her cleaning the classroom。
I saw him get on the bus.= He was seen to get on the bus。
53. something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西(词不定式放在something等后修饰这些词)
I need something to eat. 我要一些吃的`东西。
54. spend some time (in)doing sth /on sth 花费时间做某事(注意动词要用ing形式)(常考)
I spent 2 hours on homework.= I spent 2 hours in doing homework。
spend some money on sth/doing sth 买……花了多少钱
I ofen spend some money on the book. I ofen spend some money buying the book。
55. Sth is hard/difficult/easy to do . 做好某事很难/容易
The question is easy to answer。
56. stop to do sth停下来去某事(两件事)(常考)
stop doing sth 停止做某事(一件事)(常考)
stop sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事(常考)
The two girls stopped to talk to me when they saw me。
The two girls stopped talking when they saw me。
I tried to stop my father from smoking,but failed。
57. take turns to do sth 轮流做……
They take turns to do the cleaning。
58. tell sb (not)to do sth 叫某人去(不要)做某事
He tell me not to swim in that lake。
59. There is no need (for sb) to do sth 对某人来说没必要做某事
There is no need for you to worry。
60. There is notime (for sb ) to do sth
have no time to do sth 没时间做某事
There is no time to think .I have no time to do morning exercises。
61. too…(for sb) to …… so… that… not… enough to do …太……以致不能
The boy is too young to go to school。
62. try/do one's best to do sth 尽力去做某事
try to do sth 试着(图)做某事
We must try our best to do the job。
63. used to do sth 过去常做某事
I used to live in the country。
used to be + adj/a +n 曾经是.。.
Mr wang used to be a teacher worker。
64. would like to do sth=want to do sth= feel like doing sth 想要做……
want/would like sb to do sth 想某人做……
I don't feel like walking very much today。
I would like you to go away。
65. warn sb (not) to do sth 警告某人做某事(或不要做某事)
His mother warned him not to go out in the evening。
66. Why don't you do sth ?= Why not do sth ? 为什么不……(表建议的句型，注意用动词原形)
Why not have a rest?
表示建议的句型还有：
Shall we……?
What /How about……?(如果是动词，要用ing形式)
How about going fishing?
67. Would you like (sb) to do sth ?Yes, I'd love to 。
Would you like to join us?
Would you like me to buy you some food?
68. Would you mind doing sth ? 你介意做某事吗?
回答：不介意(No+……)
Never mind/Not at all/Of course not/Certainly not . (从不介意/一点也不介意/当然不会了)
回答：介意(Yes+……)
I'm sorry but I do./Sorry, you'd better not./ I'm afraid you can't。
-Would you mind my opening the door?
- No,of course not。
69. Would you please (not) do sth 你可不可以做(不做)……?
Would you please open the door? / Would you please not close the windows?
70.常用固定短语
finish doing sth 完成某事
She finished cleaning the room。
practise doing sth 练习做某事
You'd better practising reading and speaking English every day。
be good at doing sth 擅长做某事
I am good at playing basketball。
go on doing sth 继续做某事，指前后做的是同一件事。
The students went on talking and laughing all the way。
Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one。
be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
I am busy in cleaning my room。
see/hear/watch sb doing sth 听/看/观察到某人正在做某事
I hear him singing。
be afraid of doing sth 担心(害怕)会发生某事
My little sister is afraid of staying at home alone。
be interested in doing sth 对做某事的兴趣。
I'm interested in playing games。
;❻ 小升初英语重点语法总结
小升初英语重点语法总结
英语语法知识点总结一
一、a number of ,the number of
a number of 意思是“许多”，相当于a lot of ; the number of意思是“……的数目,……的数量”，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of students like playing computer games.
许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏。
The number of the students is about 1500 in our school.
我们学校学生的人数大约是1500。
二、基数词变序数词助记歌。
基变序，有规律，末尾加上th;一、二、三特殊记，八加h ，九去e ，ve要用f替;以e结尾变ie，后跟th莫忘记。要想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。
特殊变化：one—first ,two—second ,three—third ,five—fifth ,
nine—ninth ,twelve—twelfth ,forty—fortieth ,
eight-nine—eighty-ninth
三、概数(略数)表达法
数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名词复数
hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of+名词复数
例1
1. __people go swimming in summer in Dalian.
A、Thousands B、Thousand of C、Thousands of D、Thousand
2. __the students will take part in this English speech contest.
A. Two hundred of B. Two hundreds of C. Hundreds of D. Hundred of
知识总结二
一、of sb.与for sb.的'区别
(1)of sb.“对于(某人)”，用于It is +adj. +of sb. to do sth.句型中，形容词为clever, kind, nice等描述人物性格特征的词，of后的人物与形容词有主表关系。
(2)for sb.“对于(某人)”，用于It is +adj. +for sb. to do sth.句型中, 形容词为easy, important等不描述人物性格特征的词，for后的人物与形容词没有主表关系。
二、不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词
1、because(因为)，so(所以)不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。
Because he was tired, he couldn’t walk there.
=He was tired ,so he couldn’t walk there.
因为他累了，所以他不能走到那儿了。
2、(al)thouthg(虽然)，but (但是)不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。但thouthg和yet可以同时出现在一个句子里(yet用作副词)
Thought he was tired, he still worked hard.
=He was tired, but he still worked hard.
虽然他很累，但他仍然努力工作。
;❼ 小升初英语常用句型
2017小升初英语常用句型汇总
小学英语的学习是个慢慢积累的过程，如果能掌握其中的一些基本常用句型对提升做题的准确率有一定的帮助。下面介绍几种常用句型：
1、动词be的用法
be(am,is are)在句子中的使用形式根据主语的不同而确定，
我(I)用am, 你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。
单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。
变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。
变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。
还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。
2、代词this/that和it的用法
(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。
(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。
如： This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处)
That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)
(3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this, 后说that。
如：This is a pen. That is a pencil.
这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。
(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is…。
如：This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom.
这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。
(5)打电话时，介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。
如：-Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗?
-Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的，我是，你是谁?
注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?
(6)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如：
①-Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗?
-Yes, it is. 是的，它是。
②-What’s that? 那是什么?
-It’s a kite. 是只风筝。
3、代词these和those的用法
these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;
those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。
These pictures are good. 那些画很好。
Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗?
在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。
4、名词+'s的所有格
1.单数名词后直接加 “ ’s ”，表示XX的：
Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的妈妈
以s结尾的复数名词，只加“’”
Teachers’ Day教师节 the twins’ books双胞胎的书
不以s结尾的`不规则的名词复数，加“’s ”
Children’s Day 儿童节 men’s shoes男式鞋
表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加’s
Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈)
表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加’s
Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间，两间房子)
5、There be句型的用法
(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。”
其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”
其中there是引导词，没有词义;主语是be后面的名词， be是谓语动词，在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。
(2)There be句型中的be动词(is、are)如何确定呢?要用is还是are，须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。
若是单数或不可数名词用is，否则就用are。
①There is a tree behind the house.
②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).
③There are some pears in the box.
;❽ 小升初英语写作句型
小升初英语写作必备句型
小学升初中是小学生学业上的第一个转折点，下面我给大家整理了小升初英语写作必备句型，欢迎阅读!
小升初英语写作必备句型
句型1
There+be +主语+地点状语/时间状语
（例如）eg：
There's a book on the desk.
桌上有本书。
句型2
What’s wrong with+sb. / sth. ?
eg：
What's wrong with you?
你怎么了？
句型3
How do you like...?
eg：
How do you like Nanjing?
你觉得南京怎么样?
句型4
What do you like about...?
eg：
What do you like about Nanjing?
你喜欢南京什么?
句型5
had better(not)+动词原形
eg：
You'd better have a rest.
你最好休息一下。
句型6
1.How+adj. / adv. +主语+谓语! ；
eg：
How beautiful the girl is !
这个姑娘真漂亮！
2.What a/an+adj. +n. +主语+谓语!
What an interesting book it is! 多有趣的一本书呀!
句型7
Thank+sb. +for (doing) sth.
eg：
Thank you for helping me.
感谢你帮我。
句型8
So+be/ 情态动词/ 助动词+主语
eg：
He is a doctor. So am I.
他是一个医生，我也是。
句型9
... not ... until ...
eg：
He didn't do his homework until his mother came back.
直到他的父母回来他才写作业。
句型10
比较级+and+比较级
eg：
It rained harder and harder.
雨越下越大。
句型11
the +比较级，the +比较级
eg：
The more careful you are ，the fewer mistake you will make.
越仔细，越少犯错。
句型12
1、... as +adj./ adv.+as ... ；
eg：
Noting is as important as passion.
没有什么跟激情一样重要。
2、not as/so+adj/adv. +as...
eg：
Last Sunday the weather was not so hot as it is today.
上个星期天的天气不如今天的天气炎热。
句型13
more/ less +adj.+than...
eg：
I think art is more interesting than music.
我认为艺术比音乐更有趣。
句型14
stopsb/sth from doing sth.
eg：
The Great Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
长城将阻挡风吹走土壤。
句型15
both ... and ...
eg：
Both you and I are doctors.
我和你都是医生。
句型16
either ... or...
eg：
Either you or he is right .
不是你对就是他对。
句型17
neither ... nor ...
eg：
Neither he nor I am a doctor.
我和他都不是医生。
句型18
... as soon as ...
eg：
As soon as we were inside, the rain began to bucket down.
我们刚进屋，大雨便倾盆而下。
句型19
... so+adj. / adv.+that ...
eg：
I was so tired that I didn't want to have a supper.
我累得连晚饭也不想吃了。
句型20
Though...+主句
eg：
Though he is rich, his life is not happy.
他虽然很有钱，但生活并不幸福。
句型21
be going to do sth
eg：
I am going to do my homework after go home.
我回家将要做作业。
句型22
be different from
eg：
The weather in winter is different from that in spring.
冬天的.天气和春天不一样。
句型23
Welcome(back) to...
eg：
Welcome back to school!
欢迎回到学校!
句型24
have fun doing
eg：
You will have fun reading about the world we live in.
你会通过阅读了解我们生活中的世界。
句型25
... because ... / ...，so ...
eg：
I don't buy it because it was too expensive.
我没有买因为太贵了。
句型26
Why don’t you do... = Why not do...
eg：
Why don't you want to swim?
你为什么不想学游泳?
句型27
make it
eg：
No matter how hard it is, I will make it one day.
无论多难，总有一天我会成功的。
句型28
have nothing to do
eg：
I don't care for the man who I have noting to do with.
我不关心那个与我无关的人。
句型29
1、be sure that... ；
eg：
I think so, but I'm not sure.
我想是这样，但我不敢确定。
2、be sure of/ about sth. ；be sure to do sth.
eg：
I was not sure of / about the way，so I asked someone.
我对于怎么走没有把握，所以我问别人了。
句型30
between ... and ...
eg：
There is a supermarket between the hospital and the school.
在那家医院和那所学校之间有一家超级市场。
句型31
keep sb. / sth. +adj/doing/介词短语/adv
eg：
You must keep your room clean.
你们必须保持房间干净。
Sorry to have kept you waiting.
对不起，让你久等。
Can you keep her in the room ?
你能让她在这个房里吗?
Keep them there.
让她们在那儿呆着。
句型32
find +宾语+宾补
eg：
He finds it very hard to travel around the big city .
他发现要环游这个大城市是很难的。
句型33
... not ... any more/ longer
eg：
The old man doesn't travel any more.
这位老人不再旅行了。
He isn't a thief any longer.
他不再是个贼。
句型34
What’s the weather like...?
eg：
What's the weather like in spring in your hometown ?
你们家乡春天天气怎么样?
句型35
There is no time to do sth；
eg：
There was no time to think.
没有时间思考。
sb have no time to do sth.
eg：
I have no time to go home for lunch.
我没有时间回家吃午饭。
句型36
Help oneself to...
eg：
Help yourself to some fish.
吃鱼吧！
句型37
used to do sth
eg：
I used to read this kind of story books.
我过去常读这种故事书。
句型38
borrow ... from...
eg：
I borrowed an English book from him.
我从他那借了一本英语书。
句型39
lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb.
eg：
He lent me a story book=He lent a story book to me.
他借我一本故事书。
句型40
have been to...
eg：
Have you ever been to CHINA?
你曾去过中国吗?
句型41
have gone to...
eg：
Where's he?He's gone to China.
他在哪儿?他去中国了。
句型42
be famous for...
eg：
Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches.
夏威夷以它美丽的海滩而出名。
句型43
No matter +疑问句+主句
eg：
No matter when you come，you are welcomed.
无论你们什么时候来，都受欢迎。
句型44
be afraid of / to do / that...
eg：
I'm afraid not.
恐怕不能。
Don't be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English.
当说英语时不要害怕犯错误。
句型45
1、... as ... as possible；
eg：
I hope to see him as soon as possible.
我希望能尽快见到他。
2、... as ... as sb can.
eg：
He ran here as fast as he could.
他尽最大努力跑到这儿。
句型46
practise / enjoy / finish doing
eg：
A young man practised speaking English with Mr Brown.
一个年青人和布朗先生练习说英语。
Tom enjoys playing football very much.
汤姆很喜欢踢足球。
He finished reading the story book.
他看完了那本故事书。
句型47
It’s said that ...
eg：
It’s said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great White Shark.
据说最危险的鲨鱼之一是大白鲨。
句型48
Not all / everyone ...
eg：
Not all birds are alike.
并不是所有的鸟都一样。
句型49
be based on
eg：
His argument is based on facts.
他的论断是以事实为根据的。
句型50
... so that ...
eg：
They got up early so that they could catch the eraly bus.
为了能赶上早班车，她们早早就起床了。
句型51
be+num. +metres / kilometres / years...+long / wide / deep / high / old...
eg：
The Great Green Wall is 7，000 kilometres long.
绿色长城长 7000 公里。
The river is about 2 metres deep.
这条河大约有 2 米深。
The boy is about 12 years old .
这个男孩约 12 岁。
句型52
keep ... from doing
eg：
The heavy rain kept us from starting out.
大雨阻止了我们出发。
句型53
with one’s help...
eg：
With your help，I've come to Nanjing to study further.
在你的帮助下， 我来南京深造。
句型54
I don’t think ...
eg：
I don't think any of them is important.
我不认为他们中任何一个是重要的。
句型55
What’s the population of ...?
eg：
What's the population of Nanjing ?
南京人口有多少？
句型56
prefer to dorather than do
eg：
They prefer to buy a new one rather than repair it.
他们更喜欢买一辆新车，而不愿去修理它。
句型57
be worth (doing)
eg：
This book is worth reading.
这本书值得读。
句型58
regardas...
eg：
We regard him as a real friends of us.
我们把他看做一位真正的朋友。
句型59
be confident of
eg：
He is confident of getting the first place.
他对拿第一有信心。
句型60
be angry with / about / at(doing)
eg：
We are all very angry with ourselves.
我们都很生自己的气。
I was angry about his decision to build a factory here.
我很生气他决定把工厂建在这儿。
I was angry at being kept waiting.
这样一直等我很生气。
;❾ 小升初英语语法强调句知识点总结
小升初英语语法强调句知识点总结
英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后，系统地总结归纳出来的一系列语言规则。英语语法的精髓在于掌握语言的使用。下面我整理的小升初英语语法强调句知识点总结，一起来看看吧。
小升初英语语法强调句知识点总结1
前面讲到强调时间状语时，通常要用it is…that…，而不用it is … when…，所以有的同学对于下题选择了A：
It was ten o’clock ______ he came back.
A. that B. when
C. so D. which
其实此题最佳答案为B，这不是一个强调句型。When引导的是一个时间状语从句，全句意为：当他回来时，时间是10点钟。比较以下强调句型：
It was at ten o’clock that he came back. 他是10点钟回来的。
It was after ten o’clock that he came back. 他是在10点过后回来的。
It was before ten o’clock that he came back. 他是在10点前回来的。
再比较：
It is autumn when leaves fall. 当树叶落的时候就是秋天了。
It is in autumn that leaves fall. 树在秋天落叶。
另外，下面的句子也不是强调句型：
1) It’s a long time ______ I met you last.
A. that B. since
C. when D. which
2) It was more than a year now _____ he had seen her.
A. that B. since
C. when D. which
3) Was it here _____ you were away talking to a friend？ Sure. But when I got back there， it was gone.
A. that B. while
C. which D. where
以上三题均选B，即前面两句填since，其意为自从；第(3)填while，其意为 在…期间。
2. 将强调句判为非强调句
有些强调句型由于句子本身有一定的特殊性，比如是强调句的特殊疑问句形式，强调句型情态动 词或复杂时态等，强调句中的被强调成分过于复杂，强调句与其他从句混杂在一起，等等，这都可能掩盖 强调句型的本来面目，从而导致误判：
1) When was _____ that the general manager left for Japan？
A. he B. it
C. that D. since
答案选B，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式。
2) It might have been John _____ bought a present for Mary yesterday.
A. that B. when
C. what D. which
答案选A，为强调句型，只是其中的动词be采用了might have been这一复杂结构。
3) It was what he meant rather than what he said ______ annoyed me.
A. which B. as
C. what D. that
答案选D，为强调句型，被强调部分为 what he meant rather than what he said，句意为 让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思。
4) It was just in the room _____ he was born _____ he died.
A. where， which B. that， that
C. where， that D. which， that
答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分是 in this room，where he was born 为修饰 the room 的 定语从句。
5) It was lack of money， not of effort， _____ defeated their plan.
A. which B. as
C. that D. what
答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 lack of money， not of effort。
小升初英语语法强调句知识点总结2
一、考查结构词的`选择与使用
强调句的基本结构是It+be+被强调成分+that (who)…，其中的结构词it 和that (who)为高考英语考查强调句时最常考查的考点。如：
1. I don’t mind her criticizing me， but _________ is how she does it that I object to.
A. it B. that C. this D. which
【解析】答案选A。此题考查it is ...that…这一强调句句型。句意为：我不介意她批评 我，我反对的是她批评我的方式。句中空格处填强调句结构词it。
2. It is not who is right but what is right _________ is of importance.
A. which B. it C. that D. this
【解析】答案选C。此题考查it is…that…这一强调句式，被强调的是not who is right but what is right，全句意为：重要的不是谁是对的，而是什么才是对的。句中空格处填强调句 结构词that。
二、考查强调句的特殊疑问句形式
强调句型的陈述句形式和一般疑问句形式一般还好理解，但若以特殊疑问句形式出现，则很容易 误解。比较：
Jim told us the news.(非强调句)
It was Jim that told us the news.(强调句型的陈述句形式)
Was it Jim that told us the news？(强调句型的一般疑问句形式)
Who was it that told us the news？(强调句型的特殊疑问句形式)
特殊疑问句形式的强调句可视为对陈述句强调中的被强调成分提问得来，如对It was yesterday that he arrived. 这一句中的yesterday提问，即得到When was it that he arrived？
请看高考真题：
1. I just wonder _________ that makes him so excited.
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
【解析】答案选D。注意what it is that makes him so excited为宾语从句，用作动词wonder 的宾语。如果去掉主句I just wonder将原句改为疑问句则是：What is it that makes him so excited？
2.— _________ that he manage to get the information？
—Oh， a friend of his helped him.
A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it
【解析】答案选C 。由答语的内容可知，空格处应填how。
三、考查not…until…句式的强调句形式
not...until用于强调句型时的基本形式为It is (was) not until…that…。如：
1. It _________ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _________ I found we had a lot in common.
A. was until； when B. was until； that
C. wasn’t until； when D. wasn’t until； that
【解析】答案选D。此题考查not…until…句式的强调形式。又如：It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 直到她取下墨 镜，我才意识到她是一位着名影星。
2. It was not until she got home _________ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.
A. when B. that C. where D. before
【解析】答案选B。考查not…until…句式的强调形式。又如：It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness. 直到我遇到你以后，我才真正体会到幸福。
四、考查强调句与非强调句的辨别
1. It will soon be five years _________ we came to live in Cairo.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
【解析】答案选C。此题不是考查强调句型，而是考查since的用法，句意为我们来到开 罗居住快五年了。又如：It is two years since he left the country. 他离开这个国家已经两 年了。/ It’s quite some time since we wrote to each other. 我们互相通信已有不少时间了 。
2. Was it here _________ you were away talking to a friend？ Sure. But when I got back there， it was gone.
A. that B. while C. which D. where
【解析】答案选B。此题不是考查强调句型，而是考查while的用法，while在此表示在 ……期间，句意为：当你离开去跟朋友说话的时候它在这儿吗？
小升初英语语法强调句知识点总结3
1.Were all three people in the car injured in the accident？
No，___ only the two passengers who got hurt.
A. it was B. there is
C. it were D. there was
2. ---Who is making so much noise in the garden？ --- ___ the children.
A. It is B. They are
C. That is D . There are
3. It was ___she was about to go out ___the telephone rang.
A. when that B. so； that
C. before； then D. when； before
4.It was ___ he said ___ disappointed me.
A. what； that B. that； what
C. that； when D. it； when
5.____ that silver is not widely used as a conctor？
A. Why is B. Is it why
C. Why is it D. Why is that
6.I can’t find Mr. Smith .Where did you meet him this morning？ It was in the hotel ___ he stayed.
A. that B which
C. the one D. where
7.It was in the small house ___was built with stones
by his father ___ he spent his childhood.
A. which； that B. that where
C， which； which D. that； which
8.It was ___ it was raining so hard that we had to stay at home all day.
A. since B .for
C. as D. because
9.Is ____three hours ____ the boy ___family is poor to come to school on foot？
A .it that； whose B. it； that it takes； whose
C. it for that it takes； whose D. it； when that
10.It was his wife___ left him without saying goodbye.
A. who B .which
C .when D. in which
11. It is on a winter night ___he spent with me last night.
A. that B. where
C. as D .when
12 It is the young man ___ looked for ___ caught the murderer.
A.that； who B.that； they
C. they that D they which
13.It was ____ my teacher worked ____ I work hard.
A. where； that B. where； where
C .that； that D. that where
14.It was in the evening__we reached the little town of Winchester.
A that B. until
C. since D. before
15.It was not until dark ___ he found ___ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.
A. that； what B. that； that
C. when； what D. when； that
16.It is the ability to do the job ____ matters ，not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C .what D. it
17. I don’t know ____ that you stay here.
A. how long it is B. how long is it
C. it is how long D. is it how long
18.It was _____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. we being late B. our being late
C. we were too late D. because we were late
19.---what was the party like？
---Wonderful. It’s years _____ I enjoyed myself much.
A. after B. before C .that D. since
20.Why！ I have nothing to confess(承认). ____you want me to say.
A.What is it that B.What it is that
C.How is it that D. How it is that
【答案】
1~10 AAAAC DADBA
11~20 ACAAA BABDB
小升初英语语法强调句知识点总结4
强调句型是英语语法考试经常涉及的一个考点，这类考题主要涉及以下几个方面：
一是考查强调句型的基本结构，即It is + 被强调成分 + that / who +其他部分 ；
二是考查强调句的疑问句形式，如强调句的一般疑问句形式Is it + 被强调成分 + that / who +其他部分以及特殊疑问句形式疑问词+is it that+其他部分；
三是考查not…until…的强调形式It was not until….that….。如：
It was from Betty that he first heard the news. 这消息他最早是从贝蒂那里听到的。
Was it you who broke the window？ 窗子是你打破的吗？
It was not until the rain stopped that they started. 直到雨停他们才出发。
How long ago is it that you last saw her？ 你上次看见她是多久以前的事？
请看有关几道考题（答案在题后）
1. It wasn’t until nearly a month later _________ I received the manager’s reply.
A. since B. when C. as D. that
2. It is what you do rather than what you say _________matters.
A. that B. what C. which D. this
3.— _________ that he manage to get the information.
—Oh， a friend of his helped him.
A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it
4. It was _________back home after the experiments.
A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go
5. It is these poisonous procts _________ can cause the symptoms of the flu， such as headache and aching muscles.
A. who B. that C. how D. what
6. It was for this reason _________ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.
A. which B. why C. that D. how
7. It is the ability to do the work _________ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
答案：DACCBCB
;❿ 小升初英语必考10个知识点总结
小升初英语必考10个知识点总结
英语中的一些语法是考试中必考的，同学们你知道这些知识点吗?我已经帮你总结好啦!下面就和网我一起来了解下吧!
1.动词be(is,am,are)的用法
我(I)用am,你(you)用are，is跟着他(he)，她(she)，它(it)。单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变否定，更容易，be后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。
2.this，that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。
(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如： This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处)That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)
(3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this, 后说that。如：This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。
(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…, 不说That is…。如：This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。
(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如：This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。
(6)打电话时，介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如：-Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗?-Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的，我是，你是谁?注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?
(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如：①-Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗?-Yes, it is. 是的，它是。②-What’s that? 那是什么?-It’s a kite. 是只风筝。
3.these和those用法
this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。
①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。
②These pictures are good. 那些画很好。
③ Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗?
在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如：④Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?Yes, they are. 是的，他们是。
4.名词+’s所有格单数名词后直接加 “ ’s ”：
Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的妈妈
以s结尾的复数名词，只加“’”Teachers’ Day教师节 the twins’ books双胞胎的书
不以s结尾的`不规则的名词复数，加“ ’s ”Children’s Day 儿童节 men’s shoes男式鞋
表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加’sLucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈)
表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加’sLucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间，两间房子)
5.There be句型
(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词，没有词义;主语是be后面的名词， be是谓语动词，在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构：
There be放句首，主语跟在后。地、时放句末，强调置前头。如：There is a book on the desk.有时为了强调地点，也可把介词短语放在句首。如：
On
the desk there is a book.
(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀：Be动词，有三个，am，is还有are。“There be”真特别，不留am只留俩，那就是is还有are。要用is还是are，须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is，否则就用are。如：①There is a tree behind the house.②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).
③There
are some pears in the box.
(3)注意：如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说，“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is，是复数就用are。如：①There is a book and some pens on the floor.②There are some pens and a book on the floor.
6.like一词的用法like用作及物动词，译为“喜欢”。
(1)后接名词或代词，表示喜欢某人或某物。如：I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。
(2)后接动名词(v. -ing)，表示“喜欢做某事”，着重于习惯、爱好。如：Tom likes playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球。
(3)后接动词不定式(to do )，表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”，着重于某次具体的行为。如：I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书，但我今晚想看电视。
7.句子单数变复数，注意以下五要素
(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we, you→you，she,he,it→ they。
如：She is a girl. →They are girls.
(2)am，is要变为are。如：I’m a student. →We are students.
(3)不定冠词a，an要去掉。如：He is a boy. →They are boys.
(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如：It is an apple. →They are apples.
(5)指示代词this，that要变为these，those。如：This is a box. →These are boxes.
8.英语日期的表示法
英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们的首字母必须大写，并且前面无需用冠词。
用英语表示日期，其顺序为月+日+年，日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如：August 2nd，2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如：10th May，2003(2003年5月10日)英语日期前介词的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一月，则用介词in，若具体到某一天，则需用介词on。
9.时间的表达法
(1) 直读式，即直接读出时间数字
7:05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen
(2) 过、差式，即几点差几分，几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two
3:43seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five
(3)12小时制
6:00 a.m. 上午6点 8:20 p.m. 下午8点20分
(4)24小时制
13:00
13点钟 22:15 22点15分
(5)15分可用quarter
4:15
a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six
(6)时间前通常用at.at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.
10. want用法
(1)想干什么用want to do sth
They
want to join the sports club. 他们想加入运动俱乐部。
(2)第三人称单数作主语，want要作变化①He wants to play basketball.
②Li Xia wants to play the piano.
(3)变疑问句，否定句要借助助动词do或does.
①-Do
you want to play soccer ball ?
-Yes, I do . / No , I don’t.
②-Does he want to go home by bus ?
-Yes, he does . / No , he doesn’t
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