❶ 英语零基础需要掌握的基本语法知识
英语零基础需要掌握的基本语法知识
针对零基础特点总结出应该掌握的基本语法,具体包括:
词性
动词、名词和形容词在英语里与汉语里有类似,也有区别,不太容易区分,如不能一眼看出,可用如下方法:
在一个词前面加量词(不定冠词),“一(个、张等)”,如说得通,一般认为是名词;如果说不通,再把“很”加在词的前面去判断,说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的,以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的,如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)
1动词
这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称,其中包括行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)、be动词、情态动词。
(1)行为动词
表示某一动作或行为。如:walk、love等。
行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式:原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,
(2)be动词
a、口诀:我用am,你用are,is用在他她它,所有复数全用are。
b、肯定和否定句My hair is(not)long.Her eyes are(not)small.
c、一般疑问句Am I a Chinese?Yes,you are.No,you aren’t.Are they American?Yes,they are.No,they aren’t.Is the cat fat?Yes,it is.No,it isn’t.
我们现在学过的be动词大致分两类:is、am、are为一类,一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中,was和were为另一类,一般用于一般过去时。
(3)情态动词
情态动词也是一类特殊的动词,平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。
我们现在学过的情态动词有:can、must、should、would、may。接触最多的是can。
情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)
2名词
英语中名词有单复数之分。判断的关键词往往是be动词,be动词如果是am、is或was,名词就用原形;be动词如果是are或were,名词就加s或es。
这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断,以免受误导。
如何加后缀:
a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags。
b.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches
c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i,再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries
d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es,如:knife-knives
e.不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese
3形容词(包括副词)
形容词表示某一事物或的特征,副词表示某一动作的特征。形容词和副词只有两种形式:原形和+er。
未作比较的情况下就用原形,比较时就+er。
两个重要特征:as……as中间一定用原形,有than的时候一定+er。
4人称代词和物主代词
人称代词物主代词
单数复数单数复数
主格宾格主格宾格形容词性(短)名词性(长)形容词性(短)名词性(长)
第一人称I me we us my mine our ours
第二人称you you you you your yours your yours
第三人称he him they them his his their theirs
she her her hers
it it its its
人称代词:
有主格和宾格之分。
一般动词前用主格,动词后用宾格。
物主代词:
有两类:形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的)
一般看后面有没有名词,如有,就用形容词性物主代词(短的');如无,就用名词性物主代词(长的)。
5数量词
我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少,而基数词用于表示次序,常在日期中出现。
6冠词
有a、an、the。a和an有具体的意思,一(个…),the没有具体意思,有时翻译为这、那。确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。a和an的区别:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前,a用于辅音音素前。
•否定句
表示某一否定意思。句中一定有not。
有三种可能:be动词(am、is、are、was、were)+not、情态动词(can、must、should)+not、助动词(do、does、did)+not
如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:
1、看句中有无be动词,如有,直接在be动词后+not。
2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,直接在情态动词后+not。
3、如上述二者都没有,就应用助动词+not。
分四个步骤:
(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。
(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。
(3)在助动词后加not。
(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。
强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。
•一般疑问句
表示疑问,一般回答只有两种可能Yes,……或No,……句中没有疑问词。
如何将一个肯定的陈述句改为否定句:
1、看句中有无be动词,如有,把be动词提到句首即可。
2、看句中有无情态动词,如有,把情态动词提到句首即可。
3、如上述二者都没有,就应把助动提到句首。分四个步骤:
(1)肯定陈述句中本来是没有助动词的,要加上去,位置在主语(某人或某物)后,动词前。
(2)确定助动词用do、does还是did,根据句中动词,动词是原形的助动词就用do,动词是第三人称单数的助动词就用does,动词用过去式的助动词就有did。
(3)把助动词后提到句首。
(4)原句中动词假如发生变化就要恢复成原形。
强调一点,有some的要考虑是否要用any。
•特殊疑问句
表示疑问,有疑问词(在开头),回答有很多种可能。
常用疑问词:
What、When、Which、Who、Whose、Why、How
如何对划线部分提问:
1、将原问句翻译为汉语(在读中要将划线部分重读)。
如:His birthday is on the 5th of May.
他的生日在五月五日。
2、用汉语进行提问。
如上句,应该问:他的生日在什么时候?
3、根据汉语将所要提问的句子补充完整。
如上句When is his birthday?
•祈使句
表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事。
肯定祈使句一定是以动词原形开头(有时有please),否定的祈使句一定是don’t加动词原形开头(有时有please)。
把祈使句改为否定句只需在动词前加don’t即可。
•时态
1、一般现在时
(1)句中be动词和动词一般情况下只能有一种而且也必须有一种。如:
The children are very happy on Christmas Day.
She often does some housework at the weekend.
(2)一般现在时中的be动词:
一般用原形:am is are
am用于第一人称单数(I);is用于第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben his sister等);are用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the children、his parents等)。
(3)一般过去时中的动词:
有两种情况:
第一种情况:主语是第三人称单数(he she it和其他,如Helen、her cousin等),动词后一般加s或es。
第二种情况:主语不是第三人称单数,动词都用原形。
(4)一般现在时判断依据(如何判断一个句子是一般现在时):
△be动词是am、is、are
△动词用原形或加s、es
△没有时间状语或有usually、often、everyday、sometimes等不是具体的时间
2、一般过去时
a,一般过去时中的be动词:
was用于第一人称单数(I)和第三人称单数(he she it和其他人名或称谓,如:Ben、his sister等);were用于第二人称单数(you)和所有复数(包括第一人称复数we、第二人称复数you;第三人称复数they和其他复数,如the children、his parents等)。
b,一般过去时中的动词:
一般只有一种情况:+ed
这里强调一点,和一般现在时不同的是这里不管主语是第几人称,也不管是单数和复数都加ed。
3、一般将来时
(1)构成形式:
Be going to+动词原形。
这里强调一点,be动词、going、to以及动词原形共四个单词缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成一般将来时。
(2)一般将来时表示动作即将发生或某人打算做某事。
(3)句中往往有tomorrow、soon、next week等词。
4、现在进行时
(1)构成形式:
Be动词+动词的ing形式
这里强调一点,两者缺少其中任何一种都不可以构成现在进行时。
(2)现在进行时表示动作正在进行或事情正在发生。
(3)句中往往有now、look、listen等词。
;❷ 英语的基本知识有哪些
1、字母:26个字母的大小写
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ,abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz。
2、语音:元音的发音
五个元音字母:AEIOU。
12个单元音:
前元音:[i:] [ɪ] /e/ [æ]。
中元音:[ɜ:] [ə]。
后元音:[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u :] [ʊ] [ʌ]。
双元音(8个) 合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi] 集中双元音(3个) [iə][εə][uə]。
3、词汇:词汇量,近反义词。
4、句子:大小写,标点符号。
学习英语的方法有:
1、积累词汇。如果你是学生,可以通过英语课程,让老师帮助你了解英语的基础知识和思维方式。如果你是自学者,可以通过网络视频,根据视频上的内容了解英语的基础知识等。并且需要购买一本中英的英语词典,让你在学习英语的前期掌握足够的英语词汇。
2、学习语法。学习语法的目的,是为了可以更好地进行听说读写等语言实践活动。也就是说,通过对语法规则规律的掌握,减少在语言实践练习中的盲目性,提高语言的准确性。
3、多读、多背、多写。因为学习语言需要对我们的各种感观进行刺激,每天至少看 60-120分钟的英语,早晨和晚上是学英语的最好时间。
4、勇于交流。加强交际训练,为自己提供一个英语环境,只有多交流,才能把口语说的很流利。
❸ 初中英语的重要知识点分享 英语高分必备
下面是我为大家整理分享的 初中英语知识点 ,希望能对大家学习英语有帮助。
初中英语知识点总结
祈使句
祈使句常用来表示命令、请求、建议等语气,它的主语为you,通常省略,而以动词原形开头。表示命令语气的祈使句一般用降调来朗读,而表示请求或建议语气的祈使句一般用升调来朗读。其否定形式是在实义动词前加上don't,即使动词是be也是如此。
介词(短语)的用法
介词一般用于名词或代词之前,表示主语与介词后面的名词或代词和句子其它成份的关系。介词和其后的名词或代词构成介词短语。介词短语在句中常用作表语、状语、定语等。不同的介词有不同的用法,在此不作赘述。
现在进行时的基本用法
(1)表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。常与now,at the moment,look,listen等词连用。
The little boy is watching TV now.这个小男孩现在正在看电视。
Listen!She is playing the guitar in the next room.听!她正在隔壁房间弹吉他。
(2)表示现阶段一直在进行着或是重复发生着的动作,不强调此时此刻正在做。常与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
I am studying computer this term.这个学期我一直在学习计算机。
初中的英语学习有几大难点第一、音标的掌握。音标的学习比较抽象,但是确实 英语学习 的重中之重。音标掌握可以提高学生的自学单词能力,而单词的学习又是学好英语的奠基石。学习方法:辨别好其发音规律,正确识记书写形式,带入单词加以练习。
第二、时态和语态的运用。初中英语学习八大时态,但是重点考察五大时态---一般将来时、一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、现在完成时。语态分为主动语态与被动语态,难点在于被动语态的学习。中考英语主要考察一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态。学习方法:理解概念,牢记公式,熟记标志,准确运用。
❹ 英语的入门知识
学习英语的人越来越多,但是要想学好英语并非三两天的事,学习需要一个漫长的积累过程。下面,沪江小编给大家整理的是英语入门学习的基础知识点,大家可以作为学习的参考。
1. 基数词的用法。
数词分为两大类:基数词和序数词,表示“多少”的为基数词;表示“第几”的为序数词。基数词有zero, one, two等。序数词我们刚学了一个“first”(第一)。其中基数词的用法如下:
(1)表示数字、年龄、日期等,在剧中可作主语、定语和表语。
—What’s two and five? 二加上五等于几?
— Seven 七 (表示数字)
—How old is it ? 它几岁了?
—It’s four. 它四岁了。(表示年龄)
—What’s the date today? 今天几月几日?
—It’s October 3. 10月3日。(表示日期)
(2)表示编号:Lesson One 第一课 Unit One 第一单元
(3)表示号码,如电话号码、门牌号、身份证号等,按单个基数词读出。0可以读成字母o的读音或zero,相连的相同两位数可以读成double(双写的)+基数词。
(4)表示时刻: 8:00 = eight o’clock 8点钟
2. 汉语名字在英语中的写法
中国人名是姓在前,名在后。姓和名的首字母都要大写且中间空一格,若名为两个字,中间不加空格,只需第一字的首字母大写。
英语在当今社会的运用越来越广泛,从而引起了大家对英语学习的重视。学习英语不能操之过急,学习需要掌握方法,方法用对,学习才能事半功倍。
❺ 简单英语语法知识
简单英语语法知识
there be句式有时可以与情态动词连用
■与 can / could 连用
There can be no doubt about that.
那是毫无疑问的。
Without heavy instry there can be no economic advance.
没有重工业,就没有经济的发展。
If the police hadn’t closed the road there could have been a bad accident.
要不是警方关闭了道路,本来会发生严重车祸的。
■与may / might 连用
There might still be hope.
可能还有希望。
There may be a letter for me.
大概有我一封信。
There may be a storm tomorrow.
明天可能有风暴。
At the end there may be an index.
结尾处可能有索引。
There might be drinks if you wait for a bit.
如果你等一会儿,可能会有饮料。
There may be more importance in it than would seem.
它的重要意义可能要比看上去大。
■与must 连用
There must be a mistake.
一定是弄错了。
He felt there must be something wrong.
他感到准有什么问题。
There must be somebody at home—ring again.
家里肯定有人——再按一下铃。
There must be some book which could help.
一定有那么本书可以帮我们的忙。
That can’t be the only way. There must be other ways of solving the problem.
那不是解决问题的唯一办法,肯定有另外的办法。
■与 should 连用
There shouldn’t be any doubt about it.
对此不应有什么怀疑。
It is important that there should be afire escape.
要有一个太平梯,这很重要。
The widow begged that there should be no reprisals.
遗孀祈求不要去搞复仇。
■与 ought to 连用
There ought to be a comma here.
这儿应有一个逗号。
There shouldn’t be any doubt about it.
对此不应有什么怀疑。
There ought to be traffic lights at this crossroads.
这个十字路口应该有红绿灯。
There ought to be enough of a fire left up there.
上面那儿残留的火势该够大了。
There oughtn’t to have been any difficulty about it
此事本不应有什么困难。
■与 used to 连用
There used to be a small park just around the corner.
以前在那个拐角就有一个小公园。
There are more flowers than there used to he.
现在比过去花儿更多了。
There used to be a cinema here, didn’t there?
过去这儿是有一家电影院的,是吗?
There used to be a hospital here.
原来这里有家医院。
There used to be four cinemas in the town, now there is only one.
过去这座城市有四家电影院。现在只有一家了。
从零开始学语法:情态动词can与may的用法
can 的用法
一、表能力,有“能,会,能够”的意思。例如:
-Can you drive a car? 你会开车吗?
-Yes, I can. 我会。/ No, I can't. 我不会。
二、表允许,在口语中代替may,有“可以”的意思。
(见下面 may 的用法第四点)
三、表示可能性,常用于否定句和疑问句。例如:
Can it be true? 那会是真的吗?
Today is Sunday. He can't be at school. 今天是星期天,他不可能在学校里。
很多同学都不太清楚 can 与 be able to 的异同吧,赶快来学习一下吧>>
may 的用法
一、表示许可或征求对方的许可,有“可以”的意思。例如:
You may go now. 你可以走了。
May I use your computer? 我用一下你的电脑可以吗?
二、回答以 may 开头的疑问句有如下表达法:
-May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗?
-Yes, you may. / Yes, please. 请抽吧。
-No, you can't. / No, you mustn't. / No, you'd better not. 请不要抽烟。
三、表示猜测,通常只用于陈述句。例如:
You may be right. 你可能是对的。
四、在口语中 can 可以代替 may 表示许可,但 can 较随便,may 更正式。例:
Can I use your bike, John? 约翰,我可以用一下你的自行车吗?
May I have a look at your license please, sir? 先生,我可以看一下你的执照吗?
从零开始学语法:情态动词must与have to的用法
must 的用法
一、表义务,“必须”。例如:
You must talk to them about their study. 你必须同他们谈谈关于他们学习的事。
二、在否定结构中表不许。例如:
You mustn't leave here. 你不能离开这儿。
三、表推测,暗含有很大的可能性。例如:
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他肯定是病了。他的脸色那么苍白。
注意:之前我们说过 may 也可以表猜测,但是 may 暗含的可能性较小,must 暗含的可能性较大。另外否定的猜测是用can't。例如:
The baby can't be ill. He is so active. 那宝宝不大可能是病了。他那么活跃。
四、表不可避免,“必然要,必定会”。例如:
All men must die. 人总有一死。
五、表主张,“坚持要,一定要”。例如:
If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. 如果你坚持要走,至少也要等雨停了再走。
六、关于 must 的简短回答:
-Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必须马上打扫膳厅吗?
-Yes, you must. 是的。
-No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to. 不必马上打扫。
have to 的用法
一、have to 表客观的需要和义务,must 表主观的`认识。例如:
I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi. 我没搭上火车,所以我只得打的。(客观上需要打的)
I must study hard. 我必须努力学习。(主观上认为应该努力学习)
二、在疑问句和否定句中,have to 多用助动词 do 构成,must 则直接提前或加not。例如:
Did he have to do it? = Must he do it? 他得做那件事吗?
而且在否定句中,have to 表不需要,must 表不允许:
You don't have to go there. 你不需要去那儿。
You mustn't go there? 你不可去那儿。
2014高考英语抓分训练:情态动词与虚拟语气、非谓语动词、复合句(含答案解析)
一、情态动词与虚拟语气考点
I am a middle school student. I have many dreams. If there 1.________ (be) not so much homework, I would have more time to do what I like to do. How I wish I 2.________ (listen) to my favourite music for an hour a day and 3.________ (play) table tennis for an hour in the morning. It's my desire that we 4.________ (hold) evening parties or 5.________ (organize) some interesting activities at weekend. I suggest that t here 6.________ (be) not so many tests. You can imagine what life 7.________ (will) be if I8.________ (realize) my dream. But I must face the exams. Without good marks, I 9.________ (will) not enter my ideal university. Anyway, it's high time that I 10.________ (encourage) myself and worked hard from now on.
二、不定式考点
Dear Editors,
My name is Adam Rouse. I'm 19 years old and I used 1.________ (be) a heavy smoker. I first started 2.________ (smoke) when I was only 15 alt hough I know it is very harmful 3.________ (smoke) at any time.
I read your magazine and know that there are some organizations 4.________ (help)people stop smoking.Participants learn 5.________ (recognise) smoking triggers and they try 6.________ (set) a date in the future when they will stop 7.________ (smoke)on purpose.Now, I am looking for some ideas 8.________ (help) myself 9.________ (give) up smoking and I expect myself 10.________ (accept) as a member of your organizations.
Yours sincerely,
Li Lei
三、分词考点
Many years ago, a young foreigner 1.________ (call) Marco Polo travelled all the way from Italy to China. From then on a window to the east has been 2.________ (open) for westerners.
Two kinds of gold coins once 3.________ (make) by Europeans showed their respects to the great explorer.
Marco Polo was 4.________ (bear) in 1254. He l ived in Venice, a rich city in Italy. Marco's father and uncle were merchants. They had travelled to the east. So when Marco was young, he enjoyed 5.________ (listen) to the stories about the places 6.________ (visit) by his father. His father decided 7.________ (take) him on a trip. When Marco Polo was just 17, he left his country for China. They were among the first to go along the silk road. They had a lot of trouble in 8.________(explore). So it was a hard trip for Marco Polo, but he was very brave. After about four years, Marco met Kublai Khan who gave him a job. Marco spent 17 years 9.________ (work) for him. He visited most parts of China. He learned lots of 10.________ (interest) things about Chinese life. When he returned home, he let others know about things like coal and paper money. He wrote about his trip in a famous book.
四、动名词考点
Everyone needs friends. There is an old 1.________ (say): friends are God's way of 2.________ (take) care of us. But how do you find real friendship and keep it?
The Care and Keeping of Friends by American author Sally Seamans tells young students some smart ways of 3.________ (find) friends. Sally says 4.________ (arrive) at friendship is just like 5.________ (plant) a tree. You plant the seed and take care of it to make it grow. First, you should choose a friend. What makes a good friend? It is not because a person has money or good looks. A good friend should be kind and patient. For example, if you have a hard day, a good friend should l isten to your complaints and do their best 6.________ (help). To make a friend, you cannot be too shy. You should make each other happy and share your life. But things can't always be happy. Even the best friends have fights. What should you do when you have a fight with your friends? You have to talk to them. When there is no one around, have an honest talk. If he or she doesn't want 7.________ (talk), you could write a letter.
Sally says there are three steps to 8.________ (be) friends again. Tell him or her how you are feeling, say what your friend has done wrong, and explain why you did this or that. The book also has advice on some small but important things like 9.________ (celebrate) your friends' success. Even if you haven't had a real friend before, you will start 10.________ (think) of having one if you read this book, because the book tells that friendship is the most important thing in your life.
五、名词性从句考点
Three years had passed and things were even worse than before. One can hardly imagine 1.________ the poor people suffered. Most of the workers lost their jobs and in order to provide for their families they sold everything 2.________ they had in their houses. They could neither get food nor clot hing. Many of them fell ill and died.
Now they began to understand 3.________ the factory owners were their enemies. But they believed that 4.________ the government knew 5.________ hard their conditions were, they would give them some help . In a meeting they decided 6.________ they should send some of their men to London to tell the government of the truth. Jackson was chosen to be one of them to go to the capital. He felt proud 7.________ he could do something for his friends.
A few days later, when Jackson came back from London and was asked to tell about 8.________ had happened there, he replied in a low voice, “I will never forget 9.________ we workers were treated there, and I will never forgive those who refused to hear us. Friends, let us do all we can to struggle against the capitalists and the government 10.________ supports them.”
六、定语从句考点
Some day, if you are lucky, you may see a bongo. But the only way 1.________ most people will see it is in a zoo. They are found in Africa, 2.________ they lived deep in forests. Even in Africa, very few people ever get to see a bongo. The bongo does not come out of the forest very often. It is an animal 3.________ keeps to itself.
The bongo has beautiful colouring. Its hair is bright brown mixed with orange and red. Down its back an d across its sides the bongo has yellowwhite strips. Animals 4.________ look for food at night usually have big eyes. This helps them see better at night. The forests in 5.________ bongos live are very dark. The eyes of bongos are very big. So, they have not trouble in living in the darkness.
Bongos in zoos do not like to go outside on bright days. They only go outside on those days when it is dark or very cloudy.
七、状语从句考点
Two travelling angels stopped to spend the night in the home of a wealthy family. The family was rude and refused to let the angels stay in the mansion's guestroom. Instead the angels were given a small space in the cold basement. 1.________ they made their bed on the hard floor, the older angel saw a hole in the wall and repaired it. When the younger angel asked 2.________, the older angel replied, “Things aren't always 3.________they seem.”
The next night the pair came to rest at the house of a very poor, 4.________ very hospitable farmer and his wife. After sharing what little food they had,the couple let the angels sleep in their bed 5.________ they could have a good night's rest. 6.________ the sun came up the next morning the angels found the farmer and his wife in tears. Their only cow, 7.________milk had been their sole income, lay dead in the field. The younger angel was infuriated and asked the older angel, “How could you have let this happen?” “The first man had everything, yet you helped him,” she accused. “The second family had little 8.________ was willing to share everything and you let the cow die.”
“Things aren't always what they seem, ” the older angel replied.“9.________ we stayed in the basement of the mansion, I noticed there was gold stored in the hole in the wall. 10.________ the owner was so obsessed with greed and unwilling to share his good fortune, I sealed the wall and he wouldn't find it. Then last night as we slept in the farmer's bed, the angel of death came to his wife. I asked God if the angel could take the cow instead.”
八、复合句考点
Gandhi was honoured as the father of the Indian nation. He has been respected and beloved by the Indians with the belief 1.________ he is an Indian national hero. He was born in India in 1869. 2.________ is recorded, he got married at the age of 13, following the local custom. In 1888 he sailed to England, 3.________ he studied law for three years and became a lawyer. 4.________ his return to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case. In South Africa he was surprised to find 5.________ the problem of racial discrimination was serious. There he formed an organization and this was 6.________ he started to fight for equal rights. Gandhi returned to India in 1915, 7.________ India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and independence for his country. 8.________ in the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison and it was still not sure9.________ they could gain independence, the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give in and India won its independence in 1947. Unfortunately, Gandhi was shot by an Indian 10.________ opposed his views and died on January 30th, 1948.
一、情态动词与虚拟语气考点
1.were 2.listened 3.played 4.(should) hold
5.(should) organize 6.(should) be 7.would
8.realized/ should realize/ were to realize 9.would
10.encouraged
二、不定式考点
1.to be 2.smoking/to smoke 3.to smoke 4.to help
5.to recognise 6.to set 7.smoking 8.to help
9.(to)give 10.to be accepted
三、分词考点
1.called 2.opened 3.made 4.born 5.listening
6.visited 7.to take 8.exploring 9.working
10.interesting
四、动名词考点
1.saying 2.taking 3.finding 4.a rriving 5.planting
6.to help 7.to talk 8.being 9.celebrating
10.thinking/to think
五、名词性从句考点
1.how 2.that 3.that 4.if 5.how 6.that 7.that 8.what 9.how 10.that
六、定语从句考点
1.that 2.where 3.that/which 4.that/which 5.which
七、状语从句考点
1 .As/When 2.why 3.what 4.but 5.where
6.When 7.whose 8.but 9.When 10.Since/Because
八、复合句考点
1.that 2.As 3.where 4.On/After 5.that 6.how
7.when 8.Though/Although 9.whether 10.who
小升初英语语法大全:情态动词must与have to的用法
must 的用法
一、表义务,“必须”。例如:
You must talk to them about their study. 你必须同他们谈谈关于他们学习的事。
二、在否定结构中表不许。例如:
You mustn't leave here. 你不能离开这儿。
三、表推测,暗含有很大的可能性。例如:
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他肯定是病了。他的脸色那么苍白。
注意:之前我们说过 may 也可以表猜测,但是 may 暗含的可能性较小,must 暗含的可能性较大。另外否定的猜测是用can't。例如:
The baby can't be ill. He is so active. 那宝宝不大可能是病了。他那么活跃。
四、表不可避免,“必然要,必定会”。例如:
All men must die. 人总有一死。
五、表主张,“坚持要,一定要”。例如:
If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. 如果你坚持要走,至少也要等雨停了再走。
六、关于 must 的简短回答:
-Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必须马上打扫膳厅吗?
-Yes, you must. 是的。
-No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to. 不必马上打扫。
have to 的用法
一、have to 表客观的需要和义务,must 表主观的认识。例如:
I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi. 我没搭上火车,所以我只得打的。(客观上需要打的)
I must study hard. 我必须努力学习。(主观上认为应该努力学习)
二、在疑问句和否定句中,have to 多用助动词 do 构成,must 则直接提前或加not。例如:
Did he have to do it? = Must he do it? 他得做那件事吗?
而且在否定句中,have to 表不需要,must 表不允许:
You don't have to go there. 你不需要去那儿。
You mustn't go there? 你不可去那儿。
2011年中考英语试题单项选择之情态动词和系动词(1)
(2010 .河北省卷,31. 1) -Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?
-Yes, you ________.
A. must B. can C. may D. need
(2010湖南省娄底市5. 1) -Must I be in hospital for a week, Doctor? ?
-No, you . You can go back home tomorrow.?
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C. must?
(2010湖南省娄底市7. 1) -What do you think of the cake??
-I like it very much. It tastes .?
A.good B.terrible C. well
(2010.江苏省盐城市3.1)The desk is not dirty.You_______clean it.
A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.needn’t C.can’t
(2010.四川省内江市23. 1)-What is your mother going to do this Saturday?
--I’m not sure.She_____go to see my grandmother.
A.can B.must C.may
(2010.四川省自贡市31. 1)-May we leave the classroom now?
--No,you _________.You_________to leave until the bell rings.
A.must;are allowed B.can’t ,aren’t supposed
C.needn’t ;aren’t allowed
答案:ABACCC
;❻ 小学英语基础知识点归纳
小学英语基础知识
一、全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
Then came the chairman.
Here is your letter.
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
Ahead sat an old woman.
注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。
注意: 如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
小学英语必备知识
(一)基数词——从1数到n
1.1—12的基数词是独立的单词,即:one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve。
2.13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如:fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18较特殊,13—thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen。
3.20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如:sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊,20—twenty,30—thirty,40—forty ,50—fifty,80—eighty。
4.十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”,如:28—twenty-eight,96—ninety-six。
5.百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and,如:148—one hundred and forty-eight,406—four hundred and six。
6.hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的'数词,也不能在它们的后面加s。如:600—six hundred,8百万—eight million。
7.1000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“,”第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。英语中无“万”这个词,我们可以用“几十个千(thousand)”表示几万,“几百个千(thousand)”表示“几十万”。如:2,510=two thousand five hundred and ten;84,296=eighty-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six;
8.hundred,thousand,million用复数形式修饰名词时要用“of+复数名词”,如:数以百计的年轻人hundreds of young people;数以千计的书thousands of books。注意:hundreds of /thousands of/millions of +复数名词,其前面不能加具体的数词,但可加several(几个)或 many。
Hundreds of new students is coming here
小学英语知识
一、一般现在时主要用于:
1、表示经常性或习惯性动作。
e.g. It seldom snows here.
2、表示现在的特征或状态。
e.g. He is always ready to help others.
3、普遍真理。
e.g. Action speaks louder than words.
4、剧情图片介绍,背景说明,动作解说。
e.g. (Tom enters the room_and_sits at the table)
Doctor : What`s your trouble, young man?
Tom : I`ve caught a cold, doctor.
5、时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句表将要发生的动作时。
e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有:
always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。
二、一般过去时主要用于:
1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性的动作或状态) e.g. When did you read the novel?
She often came to help us in those days.
2、谈到过去的情况时
e.g. I didn`t know you were so busy.
3、谈到已死人的情况时
e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常有:
yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now,
when, after, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作开始的时间。
❼ 小学英语入门基础知识归纳
小学英语入门基础知识归纳 篇1
1、字母:英文有26个字母,分成5个元音字母 a,e,i,o,u 和其余的21个辅音字母。
2、音素:音素是英语读音的最小单位。英语有22个元音音素和28个辅音音素。
3、音素字母:音素字母是音素的标记符号,根据英语读音规则,精选50个字母和字母组合,代表50个音素。传统的英语学习方法是用国际音标或K.K.音标来标记音素。比如前元音长音的标记符号,国际音标[i:],K.K.音标[i] ,音素字母[ee]。
4、音节:音节是读音的基本单位。元音是音节的主体,元音和它前面的辅音构成不间断音,在朗读时不能间断。任何单词的读音,都是分解为一个个音节朗读。音节分成重读音节、次重读音节和轻读音节。
1)、重读音节:按重读音节的读音规则读音,重读的音节。
2)、次重读音节:按重读音节的读音规则读音,但不重读的音节。
3)、轻读音节:按轻读音节的读音规则读音,不重读的音节。
在重读音节和次重读音节中,根据元音字母 a,e,i,o,u 的读音,划分以下5种音节类型:
(1)、开音节:有三种开音节,一种叫绝对开音节,即在元音字母后没有辅音字母,如:we
我们,no不。第二种叫相对开音节,即在元音字母后有一个辅音字母(r除外),还有一个不发音的字母e,如:name名字,like象。第三种是一个元音字母后有一个不发音的e。如:die死,keep保持。
(2)、闭音节:元音字母后有辅音字母(r除外)构成的音节。如map 地图,bed 床。
(3)、-r音节:元音字母与辅音字母-r结合构成的音节。如:car 汽车,park 公园。
(4)、-re 音节:元音字母与 -re 结合构成的音节。如:care 照料,here 这里。
(5)、元音字母组合音节:由元音字母和元音字母组合。如:wait 等候,tea 茶。 辅音字母在单词中的读音不分音节类型,读字母读音的辅音,如:b[bee]读[b],f[ef]读[f]。
小学英语入门基础知识归纳 篇2
国际音标
学习英语语音,一般采用国际音标。因为英语的拼写与发音之间有很多不一致的地方,所以被称为欧洲语言中拼读最难的语种。概括起来,英语发音的复杂特点有以下几种情况:
(1)一个字母可有多种发音。例如:
字母a的读法有———cat//;face/ei/;father/:/;wa-ter/:/;any/e/等。
字母e的读法有———these/i:/;toilet/i/;American/e/;student//等。
字母i的读法有———license/ai/;which/i/等。
字母o的读法有———photo/u/;today//;wrong//;color//;who/u:/;woman/u/等。 字母u的读法有———ty/ju:/;mum//;ruler/u:/;put/u/等。
(2)读同一元音,写多种拼法。例如:
下列各词都带/u/音,但同音部分拼法不相同:owe,so,sew,sow,beau,toe,though,oh。 有些词都带有/i:/音,但拼法不同:Chinese,team,green,people等。
有些词都带有/ai/音,拼法却不相同:bye,kite,right,height,behind等。 有些词都带有/ei/音,拼法也不一样:eraser,today,gain,they等。
(3)两三个字母组合发一个音。例如:
th念//或//:think/i k/,throw/r u/,there//等。
sh念//:fish/fi/,wash/w/,dish/di/等。
sch念//:schele/edju:l/,scheelite/i:lait/,schilling/ili/等。
小学英语入门基础知识归纳 篇3
音的组合
任何一个单词都是由音素的不同组合而成。英语中,同一音节中两个或两个以上相邻的辅音结合在一起,这种结构叫做辅音群(或辅音连缀、辅音丛)。两个、三个辅音的连缀,在英语中是普遍的。像sixths/siks z/这样四个辅音的连缀却比较少。英语单词里,辅音连缀所出现的位置有一定规律,通常只出现在词首或词尾。值得特别注意的.是,辅音群中,辅音之间决不能夹有元音;以不发音的元音结尾的词,朗读时,辅音后面也不能附加元音。请注意以下几个方面:
(1)辅音群中的辅音之间不能加上中元音//。这是初学者常
出现的错误,如:blue/blu:/读成/b lu:/;flood/fl d/读成/f l d/。这种错误在三个辅音组成的辅音群中更常见。又如:screen/skri:n/读成了/sk ri:n/。汉语中,声母/p/、/b/、/m/之后都加有元音。学英语时,这种中国式的语音习惯只有通过大量的练习来改变。练习英语发音时,我们可以将第一个辅音遮住,先读/kri:n/,再加/s/,读/skri:n/。
(2)在辅音+/r/的辅音群中,像/br/,/r/,/r/,初学者常把卷舌音/r/念成舌边音/l/。如:three/ri:/念成/lui:/。其原因是两个音在连接时舌尖没有及时地离开齿龈,作卷舌的动作。
(3)/s/+3对爆破音,朗读/sp/、/sk/、/st/时,清辅音/p/、/k/、/t/不能念成送气音,而要将它们略微浊化,向/b/、//、/d/靠近。而且朗读位于它们之前的/s/时,送气也不能太强。
(4)在以/l/+另外一个辅音的辅音群中,有的学生不会读浊音的/l ~ /,而用//来替代。如:film/film/读成/fi m/,world/w:ld/读成/w:d/。其原因是舌尖没有抵住上齿龈,舌后部未用力。还有一种是将舌尖卷曲发成浊音的/l ~ /。这也是不正确的。
小学英语入门基础知识归纳 篇4
英语语法入门的特殊词类
英语语法入门的学习中,有四种比较特殊的词类:动词短语、介词短语、连词短语和从属关联词。其中前三种为短语构成的词类,在实际运用中可分别把它们作为一个动词、一个介词或一个连词使用。
1、动词短语由“动词+介词”或“动词+副词”构成,一般不再保留原动词的意义。
2、介词短语指由介词和其他词类构成的相当于一个介词的短语。
3、连词短语指由两个或两个以上的词构成的短语,相当于一个连词。
4、从属关联词主要指引导从句的连接词。
英语语法入门的词类介绍
英语语法入门,了解不同的词类是最基础要求,词可以表示人或事物的名称,描述人或事物的行为、动作或状态。它们有自己的功能特征,共同构成了词类。根据语法功能,词可分为十大类:名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词和动词。根据意义,词可分为实词和虚词。实词指具有实际意义并能单独构成句子成分的词,包括名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词和动词六类;虚词指没有实际意义或实际意义不明显,不能单独构成句子成分的词,包括冠词、介词、连词和感叹词四类。如果你想更系统的掌握英语语法入门,就来体验一下英孚先进的学习系统,会使你的语法学习更加高效。我们的Efekta学习系统同步整合所有课程内容,帮助学生建立牢固的英语基础。优秀的教师帮助学生获得英语学习的技能与自信。
❽ 小学英语知识点最全整理
小学英语是我们上学后接触的另一门语言。我们应该怎么学习这门语言呢?下面是我为大家整理的关于小学英语知识点最全整理,希望对您有所帮助。欢迎大家阅读参考学习!
小学英语知识点最全整理
第一部分:基础知识
1.字母:26个字母的大小写
2.语音:
元音的发音
五个元音字母:AEIOU
12个单元音: 前元音:[i:] [ɪ] /e/ [æ]
中元音:[ɜ:] [ə]
后元音:[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u :] [ʊ] [ʌ]
双元音(8个)
Ⅰ.合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi]
Ⅱ.集中双元音(3个) [iə][εə][uə]
3.词汇:词汇量,近 反义词
4. 句子 :大小写,标点符号
第二部分:语法知识
一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格
(一)名词单复数
1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名词的格
(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:
a) 单数后加's 如: Lucy's ruler my father's shirt
b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加'如: his friends'bags
c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加's children's shoes
l并列名词中,如果把's加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike's car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
l要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加's
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
第三部分:语法知识
二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:
(1)不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle
元音开头的可数名词前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(2)定冠词:the the egg the plane
2. 用法:
定冠词的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.
(2)复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.
(4)在序数词前: John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定词组中: in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠词的情况:
(1)专有名词前:China is a big country.
(2)名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.
(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
_ 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.
(7)学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.
(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.
(9)固定词组中:at noon at night by bus
第四部分:语法知识
三、代词、形容词、副词
代词:人称代词,物主代词
人称代词物主代词
主格宾格
第一
人称单数I(我)memy(我的)
复数we(我们)usour(我们的)
第二
人称单数you(你)youyour(你的)
复数you(你们)youyour(你们的)
第三
人称单数he(他)himhis(他的)
she(她)herher(她的)
it(它)itits(它的)
复数they(他们/她们/它们)themtheir(他们的/她们的/它们的)
形容词,副词:比较级,最高级
(一)、形容词的比较级
1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。
2.形容词加er的规则:
⑴ 一般在词尾加er ;
⑵ 以字母e 结尾,加r ;
⑶ 以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;
⑷ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。
3.不规则形容词比较级:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副词的比较级
1.形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)
第五部分:语法知识
四、数词:基数词、序数词
(1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion
1,001→one thousand and one
18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion
序数词
(1)一般在基数词后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不规则变化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth
(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth
基数词转为序数词的口诀:
基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.
一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.
八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。
ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.
若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。
第六部分:语法知识
五、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等
1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。
at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)
2.on
1)表示具体日期。
注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:
at(on)the weekend?在周末---特指
at(on)weekends?在周末---泛指
over the weekend?在整个周末
ring the weekend?在周末期间
(2)在 圣诞节 ,应说at Christmas?而不说on Christmas?
2)在(刚……)的时候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。
3.in
1)表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和ring互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。 in(ring)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)
六、动词:动词的四种时态:
(1)一般现在时:
一般现在时的构成
1.be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+ 其它 。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们 学习英语 。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(2)一般过去时:
动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:
A、规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)
④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped
B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3)一般将来时:
基本结构:
①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词
动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
第七部分:句法
1.陈述句
(1)肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.
(2)、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
2. 疑问句
一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。
特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。
3.There be句型
There be 句型与have, has的区别
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最_近be 动词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:
How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词 短语 ?
How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:
What’s + 介词短语?
相关 文章 :
1. 全网最齐全的小学英语语法大合集
2. 小学英语知识点大全总结
3. 小学英语语法知识点汇总
4. 小学英语语法主要知识点总结
5. 1至六年级英语知识点梳理
❾ 小学英语学习的知识点
第一部分:基础知识
1.字母:26个字母的大小写
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
2.语音:元音的发音
五个元音字母:AEIOU
12个单元音: 前元音:[i:] [ɪ] /e/ [æ]
中元音:[ɜ:] [ə]
后元音:[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u :] [ʊ] [ʌ]
双元音(8个)
Ⅰ.合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi]
Ⅱ.集中双元音(3个) [iə][εə][uə]
3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词
4.句子:大小写,标点符号
2
第二部分:语法知识
一.名词:名词单复数,名词的格
(一)名词单复数
1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
❿ 小学英语知识点大全总结
我们从小到大,都有在接触英语,那么你们知道一年级到六年级的英语知识点吗?下面,我在这给大家带来小学英语知识点大全 总结 ,欢迎大家借鉴参考!
1现在进行时
表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作,常与now,listen,look等词连用,结构是主语+be动词(am, is, are)+动词ing.
如:It is raining now.
外面正在下雨
It is six o’clock now.
现在6点了
My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.
我父母正在客厅看报纸
Look! The children are having a running race now.
看!孩子们正在赛跑
问句将be动词移前,否定句在be动词后+not.
2一般现在时
表示经常反复发生的事情或动作,常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year…) on Sundays等词连用。
结构是主语+动词原形;当主语为第三人称单数即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等词时,动词后加s或es.
如:We have an English lesson every day.
我们每天都要上英语课
Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.
男孩比女孩跑的快吗?是的
问句借助于do, does否定句借助于don’t, doesn’t,后面动词一定要还原。
3一般过去时
表示发生在过去的事情或存在的状态,常与just now; a moment ago; … ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等词连用。
结构是主语+be动词的过去式(was; were)或主语+动词的过去式。
注意:be动词与动词过去式不可同时使用。
如:My earphones were on the ground just now.
我的耳机刚刚还在呢。
Where were you last week? I was at a camp.
你上个星期去哪了?我去 野营 了
What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm
你昨天去干嘛了?我去参观农场了。
问句有be动词将be动词移前,没有be动词借助于did,后面动词还原;
否定句有be动词在后面加not,没有借助于didn't后面动词还原。
4一般将来时
表示将要打算发生的事情或动作,常与tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday…), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;…)today等词连用。结构是主语+be(am, is, are) going to + 动原或主语+will +动原。
如:What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a txt.
你明天要去干嘛?我要去野餐。
The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week.
孩子们下个星期将参加运动会。
Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.
Tom今晚将和父母去看演出。
问句将be动词或will移前;否定句在be动词或will后加not.
5情态动词
can; can’t; should; shouldn’t; must; may后一定加动词原形。
如:The girl can’t swim, but she can skate.
女孩不会 游泳 ,但是会滑冰
Don’t talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.
不要再课上说话,你应该认真听老师讲。
6祈使句
肯定祈使句以动词原形开头;否定祈使句以don’t加动词原形开头。
如:Open the box for me ,please.
请为我打开盒子。
Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.
刘涛,明天请早点起床!
Don’t walk on the grass!
不要在草地上走!
Helen! Don’t climb the tree,please.
海伦!不要爬树。
7go的用法
去干嘛用go +动词ing
如: go swimming; go fishing;
go skating;
go camping;
go running;
go skiing;
go rowing…
8比较
than 前用比较级;as…as之间用原级。
如:My mother is two years younger than my father.
我妈比我爸年轻两岁。
Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.
刘涛跳得和本一样远。
9喜欢做某事
用like +动词ing或like+ to + 动原。
如:Su Yang likes growing flowers.
苏阳喜欢种花。
The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.
孩子们喜欢在 春节 去玩花灯。
10想要做某事
用 would like +to+动原或want + to +动原。
例:I’d like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum
11some
用于肯定句中,在否定句和问句中改为any,但当表示委婉语气时仍用
如:Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?
12代词
人称代词主格做主语用一般放在句首或动词前,主格分别是 I you he she it we you they。
宾格做宾语用,一般放在动词或介词后
如:Open them for me. Let us …, join me等。
宾格分别是me you him her it us you them。
形容词性物主代词放在名词前,不能单独使用,分别是my your his her its our your their
名词性物主代词相当于形物加名词,它只能单独使用后面不好加名词,分别是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。
13介词
介词后要么不加动词,加动词只能加动词ing形式
如:be good at running;
do well in jumping;
14时间介词
季节前,月份前用介词in
如:in summer;in March
具体的哪一天如星期几,几月几日用介词on
如:on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning
在几点钟前用介词at
如:at a quarter to four;
只在上下午晚上用in
如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;
但在夜间用at night。
另:季节,月份和星期前不好加the.
15名词复数构成的 方法
有规则的有:
(1)直接在名词后加s
如orange—oranges; photo—photos;
(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 结尾的加es
如:box—boxes; glass—glasses; waitress—waitresses; watch—watches;peach--peaches
(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es
如:study—studies;library—libraries; hobby—hobbies; family—families;
(4)以f, fe结尾的改f, fe 为v+es如:knife—knives; thief—thieves(注:以o结尾的我们学过的只有mango加es, mango—mangoes其余加s,)
不规则的有:
man—men; woman—women; people—people; child—children
16动词第三人称单数的构成
(1)直接在动词后加s
如:run—runs; dance—dances
(2)以s,sh,ch,o结尾的加es
如:do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加es
如:study—studies; carry—carries;
17现在分词的构成
(1)直接在动词后加ing
如:sing—singing; ski—skiing;
(2)双写词尾加ing
如:swim—swimming; jog—jogging;run—running;
(3)以不发音的e结尾的去e加ing
如:ride—riding; dance—dancing; make—making;
18规则动词过去式的构成
(1)直接在动词后加ed
如:clean—cleaned; milk—milked; play—played;
(2)以e结尾的直接加d
如:dance—danced; taste—tasted;
(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加ed
如:study—studied;carry—carried;
(4)双写词尾加ed
如:stop—stopped; jog—jogged;
不规则的有:am,is—was; are—were; do,does—did; have,has—had; go—went; meet—met; sit—sat; see—saw; get—got; tell—told; run—ran; come—came; steal—stole; read—read;
19形容词副词比较级的构成
规则的:
(1)直接在形容词或副词后加er
如;small—smaller; low—lower;
(2)以e结尾的加r
如:late—larer;
(3)双写词尾加er
如:big—bigger; thin—thinner; fat—fatter;
(4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i加er
如:heavy—heavier; early—earlier;
不规则的有:
good, well—better(最高级为best); many, much--- more(最高级为most); far---farther;
20rain与snow的用法
(1)作为名词意思是 雨水 和雪是不可数名词
如:There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那儿的春天有很多雨水。
(2) 作为动词意思是下雨和下雪,有四种形式分别是:
动词原形rain, snow;
第三人称单数rains ,snows;
现在分词raining;snowing
过去式rained;snowed;
如:①Look! It is raining now. 瞧!天正在下雨。
②It often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天经常下雨。
③ It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。
④It is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。
(3)形容词为rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的
如:It is often rainy here in spring.这儿的春天经常是有雨的。
If it is rainy tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.如果明天是有雨的,我将呆在家里。
21比较级
注意只有同类事物才可进行比较。
如:My eyes are bigger than hers.Your school bag is heavier than mine. My computer is nicer than Nancy’s. My brother is stronger than me.
22have, has
表示某人有(has用于第三人称单数);There is/ are;
There was/ were 表示某地存在有
注意There be 句型的就近原则
单数或不可数用there is /was;
复数用there are/ were.
23本身就是复数的词
眼镜glasses; 耳机earphones; 鞋shoes;裤子trousers等词本身是复数。
如:My glasses were on the chair just now.
但如果表示这双,这副,一双的时候用单数
如:There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate. This pair of earphones is for you.
24五个元音字母分别是Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu;
25一个的用法
a用于辅音前不是辅音字母前;an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。
如:There is an ’s’, a ‘t’, a ‘u’, a ‘d’ ,an ‘e’, an ‘n’,and a ‘t’ in the word ‘student’.
26时间表示法
有两种:
(1)直接读时钟和分钟。
如6:10读成 six ten; 7:30读成seven thirty; 8:45读成eight forty-five;
(2)用to与past表示。
在半小时包括半小时以内用几分past几点
如:6:10读成ten past six; 7:30读成half past seven;
过了半小时用下一个钟点差几分
如7:45读成a quarter to eight; 9:50读成ten to ten;
27基数词变序数词的方法
基变序有规律,结尾加上th; 一二三特殊例,结尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);
八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替(即eigh—eighth; nine—ninth; five-- fifth ;twelve—twelfth);
ty改y为ie后加th别忘记(即整十数如twenty—twentieth;forty—fortieth);
几十几十位为基个位为序(如第二十一为twenty-first)。
另外强调序数词前一定要加the。
28日期的表示法
用the+序数词+ of +月
如:三月三日 the third of March;
12月25日 the 25th of December.
29both 表示两者都
如:My parents are both teachers.
all表示三者以上都
如:The students are all very excited.
30节日的表示法
有day的节日前用on.
没有day的节日前用at,
如:at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Year’s Day.
31激动兴奋的
excited表示激动的,兴奋地主语是人;
exciting表示令人激动的,令人兴奋的主语是事情
如:The running race is very exciting, so all the students are very excited.
赛跑非常令人激动,因此所有的学生都很激动。
32比较
两者比较用比较级,三者以上比较用最高级
如:Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does
谁跑得更快,男孩还是女孩?男孩。
Which season do you like best? I like autumn best.
你最喜欢哪个季节?我最喜欢秋天。
Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better.
你更喜欢哪个季节,夏天还是冬天?我更喜欢冬天。
33动词还原的用法
前面用了do, does did, don’t, doesn’t didn’t后面动词要还原。
如:Did she watch TV last night?
Helen doesn’t like taking photos.
34到了
到达用get to
但注意到家,到这儿,到那儿不可以加to
如:get home; get here; get there,
另外go home; come here; go there也一样。
35长着和穿着
长着什么用with
如:the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩;
穿着什么用in
如:the man in black穿黑衣服的男人
或:the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的妇女
36让某人做某事
用let sb后加动词原形
如:Let’s water the flowers together.
是该做…的时候了用It’s time for+名词或It’s time to +动原。
帮助某人做某事是help sb with sth
如:帮我学英语是 help me with my English
37树上
外来的东西在树上用in the tree
如:the bird in the tree;
树上长的用on the tree
如:the apples on the tree
38运动和乐器
球类之前不加the;
乐器之前必须加the
如:play the piano; play football
39一周中的第一天是Sunday; 一年中的第一个月是January
40get后加比较级表示变得更怎么样 。如:get stronger; get longer
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