1. 英语句子小知识积累
英语句子小知识积累
最好用的20句生活英语
1. After you.你先请。这是一句很常用的客套话，在进／出门,上车得场合你都可以表现一下。
2. I just couldn't help it.我就是忍不住。想想看，这样一个漂亮的句子可用于多少个场合？下面是随意举的一个例子：
I was deeply moved by the film and I cried and cried. I just couldn't help it.
3. Don't take it to heart.别往心里去，别为此而忧虑伤神。生活实例：
This test isn't that important. Don't take it to heart.
4. We'd better be off.我们该走了。It's getting late. We'd better be off .
5. Let's face it.面对现实吧。常表明说话人不愿意逃避困难的现状。
参考例句：I know it's a difficult situation. Let's face it, OK?
6. Let's get started.咱们开始干吧。劝导别人时说：Don't just talk. Let's get started.
7. I'm really dead.我真要累死了。坦诚自己的感受时说：After all that work, I’m really dead.
8. I've done my best.我已尽力了。
9. Is that so?真是那样吗？常用在一个人听了一件事后表示惊讶、怀疑。
10. Don't play games with me!别跟我耍花招！
11. I don't know for sure.我不确切知道。
Stranger：Could you tell me how to get to the town hall? Tom: I don't know for sure. Maybe you could ask the policeman over there.
12. I'm not going to kid you.我不是跟你开玩笑的。
Karin：You quit the job? You are kidding. Jack: I'm not going to kid you. I'm serious.
13. That's something.太好了，太棒了。
A: I'm granted a full scholarship for this semester. B: Congratulations. That's something.
14. Brilliant idea!这主意真棒！这主意真高明！
15. Do you really mean it?此话当真？
Michael：Whenever you are short of money, just come to me. David: Do you really mean it?
16. You are a great help.你帮了大忙
17. I couldn't be more sure.我再也肯定不过。
18. I am behind you.我支持你。
A: Whatever decision you're going to make, I am behind you.
19. I'm broke.我身无分文。
20. Mind you!请注意！听着！(也可仅用Mind。) 模范例句：Mind you! He's a very nice fellow though bad-tempered.
21. You can count on it.你尽管相信好了，尽管放心。
A：Do you think he will come to my birthday party? B: You can count on it.
22. I never liked it anyway.我一直不太喜欢这东西。当朋友或同事不小心摔坏你的东西时就可以用上这句话给他一个台阶，打破尴尬局面：Oh, don't worry. I'm thinking of buying a new one. I never liked it anyway.
23. That depends.看情况再说。
例：I may go to the airport to meet her. But that depends.
24. Congratulations.恭喜你，祝贺你。
25. Thanks anyway.无论如何我还是得谢谢你。当别人尽力要帮助你却没帮成时，你就可以用这个短语表示谢意。
26. It's a deal.一言为定Harry：Haven't seen you for ages. Let's have a get-together next week. Jenny: It's a deal
超实用交际英语40句
1) o! Is (Tom ) in ?
2) Nice to meet you. I'm Bill Dillon.
3) Nice day, isn't it?
4) I'll take all of them.
5) May I / Could I speak to …?
6) Is that … (speaking)? Yes, it is
7) How is everything going?
8) Have a nice trip.
9) This is … (speaking) .
10) Looks like rain, doesn't it ?
11) Shall I open the window for you ?
12) Hold on (for a moment), please./ Just a moment, please. / Wait a moment, please.
13) Who is that? / Can I ask who's calling?
14) Can you tell me the way to the nearest bus stop?
15) Hi ! I'm Judy Drew.
16) Why don't you use a knife?
17) I'm afraid he/she isn't here/ in right now.
18) Can I take a message for you?
19) Will you give him a message, please?
20) -Does he /she have your number?
--Perhaps not. My number is….
21) How about going for a walk?
22) The line is busy. I'll try again later.
23) Which is the way to the nearest post office?
24) I've lost a case , I wonder if it has been found.
25) May I use the telephone?
26) I can't get through (to sb) . I'll try again later.
27) Take your time , please.
28) May I try it on ?
29) I just call to say …
30) Wrong number!/ I'm afraid you've dialed a wrong number.
31) The line is bad./ It's not a good line.
32) I want to have a look at… .
33) How much is it?
34) I can't decide which to buy.
35) Can you make it cheaper?
36) You are wanted on the phone.
37) I wonder if I could park here.
38) There is a call for you.
39) Would you please not smoke here ?
40) You're welcome.
哀求情人的十句话
1． Don’t leave me, please.
求你不要离开我。
2． Can we give it one more try?
我们可不可以再试试看？
3． I can’t live without you.
没有你我活不下去。
4． I can’t stand losing you.
我不能失去你。
5． I’ll change, I promise.
我会改的，我保证。
6． I won’t hurt you anymore.
我不会再伤害你了
7． My life would be miserable without you.
没有你我的生活会很凄惨的。
8． Please give me one more chance.
请再给我一次机会。
9． Don’t you know how much I love you?
难道你不晓得我有多爱你吗？
10．I know it’s all my fault. I’ll never break your heart again. Please forgive me.
我知道都是我的错。我再也不会伤你的心。请原谅我。
生活中常用的五星级句子
熟练地运用英语的一个重要方面就是学习并掌握英语本族者常用的生动、活泼的习语。
1. After you. 你先请。
这是一句很常用的客套话，在进／出门和上车的场合你都可以表现一下。
2. I just couldn’t help it.
我就是忍不住。
下面是随意举的一个例子： I was deeply moved by the film and I cried and cried. I just couldn’t help it.
3. Don’t take it to heart.
别往心里去，别为此而忧虑伤神。
生活实例：This test isn’t that important. Don’t take it to heart.
4. We’d better be off. 我们该走了。It’s getting late. We’d better be off.
5. Let’s face it. 面对现实吧。
常表明说话人不愿意逃避困难的现状。
参考例句：I know it’s a difficult situation. Let’s face it, OK?
6. Let’s get started.
咱们开始干吧。
劝导别人时说：Don’t just talk. Let’s get started.
7. I’m really dead. 我真要累死了。坦诚自己的感受时说：After all that work, I’m really dead.
8. I’ve done my best. 我已尽力了。
9. Is that so? 真是那样吗？
常用在一个人听了一件事后表示惊讶、怀疑。
10. Don’t play games with me!
别跟我耍花招！
11. I don’t know for sure.
我不确切知道。
Stranger： Could you tell me how to get to the town hall?
Tom: I don’t know for sure. Maybe you could ask the policeman over there.
12. I’m not going to kid you.
我不是跟你开玩笑的。
Karin： You quit the job? You are kidding.
Jack: I’m not going to kid you. I’m serious.
13. That’s something.
太好了，太棒了。
A: I’m granted a full scholarship for this semester.
B: Congratulations. That’s something.
说英语也有性别之分
语言本是人们沟通的工具，没有性别之分，但由于男女的社会分工、性格特色、生理特点不同，每一种语言都深深地打上了性别的烙印。在国外，有部分社会语言学家，专门研究语言与性别的关系。美国有一位学者Graham Goodwin，从1980年到1990年，先后十次，在费城街头，收集不同年龄、种族、职业的男、女行人的谈话，进行比较研究，结果发现，与男人的语言相比，女人
的语言至少有下列特点。
A 女人喜欢使用第一人称复数(我们)形式，比如We need……(我们需要)，而男人喜欢使用第一人称单数(我)，比如I want……(我想要)。
B女人喜欢使用平易、通俗的单词，比如用nice、sweet等来形容(好)，而男人喜欢使用华丽、夸张的单词，比如用splendid、gorgeous等来形容“好”。
C女人喜欢创造一些比较女性化的说法，比如dove grey(类似鸽子羽毛的`灰色)，而男人喜欢使用英语标准的说法，比如light grey(浅灰色)。
D女人重视语法的正确性，比如We＇re going to……(我们正在去/即将去)，而男人不重视语法的正确性，比如We＇re gonna……(我们正在去/即将去)。
E女人喜欢直接引用，比如Hannah said that……(汉娜说)，而男人喜欢间接引用，比如She said that……(她说)。
F女人喜欢礼貌表达，比如Would you please……(您能)，而男人喜欢常规表达，比如Can you……(你能)。
最后一个，同时也是最重要的一个特点，那就是女人喜欢倾听，而男人喜欢诉说，比如下面一段对话，拿给普通的美国人看一遍，然后让他们判断一下A和B的性别，结果所有人都认为：喋喋不休的A是男人，随声附和的B是女人。
A I saw a kingfisher Saturday morning.
B Did you?
A It took off about three feet from my side. I didn＇t see it in the bush. It took off out of a bush...
B Mmmm.
A Passed the front of my canoe and flew into a tree. I sat there...
B Very nice.
A and thought ...
B Yeah.
A It looked down at me? and it was really bright.
B Beautiful.
英语数字趣谈
初学英语者时常会遇到一些由英语数字组成的习语，如：to be dressed up to the nines, to be in sixes and sevens, to arrive at the eleventh hour等等。虽然这些都是大家所熟悉的常用数字，但是由它们组成的习语的意思却与数字毫不相关。
1．one-horse town--乡村小镇。
这一短语源自美国，由小镇仅拥有一匹马而来。
由此引申，one-horse现在可以表示 “极小的、简陋 的、次要的” 意思，如one-horse show（小型展览会）。
由one组合成的习语。而又毫无 “一” 这一含义的习语还有：
(1) He was one too many for me.
我不是他的对手。
(2) Number one -- 自己。
由此而衍生to look after number one（自私，追求自己的利益）
2．Two of a trade did never agree -- 同行相轻。
这是一句古老的谚语。
由two组合成的习语还有：
(1) when two Fridays come together.
“永远不”的遁词。
(2) The two eyes of Greece.
希腊古代的两座城市“雅典”和“斯巴达”。
3．Three sheets in the wind -- 酩酊大醉。
sheet 的一个词义是“系在帆下角的金属环上的帆脚索”。如果帆脚索没有系扣住时，船帆可以任意 随风飘扬。船员们称之为 in the wind。A sheet in the wind由此成为船员们一句口头语言，表示 tipsy（微醉）。Three sheets in the wind 自然是大醉特醉了。
由three组合成的习语还有：
Three score and ten --古稀之年。
score在英语中是“二十”的意思。尽管这一习语中的数字加起来是七十，但在引喻中只是泛指老年而已。
4．Four-letter words -- 粗俗的下流话。由此而衍生出four-letter man（专喜使用粗俗的下流话的人）。
由four组合的另一习语是：
Four-sale 廉价的啤酒；每品脱原来只卖四便士的啤酒。
;2. 英语语法句子种类的基础知识
关于英语语法句子种类的基础知识
初中英语语法:英语语法句子种类基础知识
句子的种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1. 凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或者表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，它可以用肯定式和否定式，句末用句号"."，通常用降调。
掌握陈述句的肯定式和否定式的构成及用法。
e.g. We live in Tianjin. （肯定句）我们住在天津。
We don't live in Shanghai. （否定句）我们不住在上海。
注意：（1）在一般现在时的肯定式中，主语是第三人称单数时，动词要改成第三人称单数形式。
e.g. John studies Chinese very well.
（2）一般现在时和一般过去时的否定式要加助动词do （does）, did.
e.g. I don't like swimming. 我不喜欢游泳。
He doesn't have lunch at home every day. 他每天不在家吃午饭。
They didn't play football yesterday. 他们昨天没有踢足球。
2. 掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句的构成、用法和答语。注意在一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句要加助动词do（does）, did.
e.g. Do you often speak English at school ? 在学校你常讲英语吗？
Does she have a brother ? = Has she got a brother ? 她有兄弟吗？
Did it take you two hours to do your homework last night ?
昨天晚上做作业花了你2个小时吗？
What do you often do on Sundays ?
星期日你常常干什么？
When does your father get up every morning ?
你父亲每天早晨几点钟起床？
Why didn't your teacher come to school yesterday ?
昨天你们的老师为什么没来学校呢？
提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种，这种疑问句叫选择疑问句。结构是："一般疑问句＋or＋一般疑问句"，但常把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略。说明or前面部分用升调，后面部分用降调。
e.g. Is her brother an artist or a doctor ?
她的兄弟是一个艺术家还是个医生？
Would you like tea or coffee ?
你愿意喝茶还是喝咖啡？
Shall we go to the cinema on Saturday or on Sunday ?
我们是周六还是周日去电影院？
反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见，但没把握，希望对方来证实。
注意反意疑问句的结构是：肯定的陈述句＋否定的疑问句（缩略形式）
或：否定的陈述句＋肯定的疑问句（缩略形式）
两部分的人称和时态要一致。
特别要注意否定的疑问句中的助动词必须缩写，主语（最后一个词）必须是代词而不能是名词。
e.g. Your sister has ever been to Shanghai , hasn't she ?
你姐姐曾经去过上海是吗？
The boys didn't find anything , did they ?
男孩子们什么也没找到/发现，是不是？
在回答反意疑问句时，要根据事实而定，事实是肯定的要回答Yes , …，事实是否定的要回答No, ….
e.g. He isn't going to the meeting , is he ?
他不去参加会，是吗？
Yes , he is . 不，他要去。
No , he isn't. 是的/对，他不去。
It didn't snow last week , did it ?
上周没有下雪，对吗？
Yes , it did. / No , it didn't. 不，下雪了。是的，没下雪。
3. 掌握祈使句的肯定式和否定式。祈使句没有主语。指让对方做某事，动词要用原形。表示请求，命令、建议等。
e.g. Go back to your seat , please. 请回到你的座位上去。
Don't make so much noise. 不要吵吵闹闹。
Let's go to school together ! 咱们一起上学去吧！
（let's是含有第一人称主语的祈使句）
Let him help the child. 让他帮助那个孩子。（let him是含有第三人称主语的祈使句）
注意：否定形式是Let's （us , me）+not +动词原形
e.g. Let's not say anything about it.
对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说了。
4. 表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句，理解由What和How引导的感叹句的语序和感叹句的使用方法。How和What与所修饰的词放在句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。在口语中谓语常省略。
（1）how作状语，修饰形容词，副词或动词
结构：How+形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语
How nice the flowers are ! 花多漂亮啊！
How hard he works ! 他工作的多努力啊！
（2）what作宾语，修饰名词（名词前可有其他定语），单词可数名词前要加不定冠词a（an）.
结构：What a （an）+形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语
e.g. What a clever girl （she is ）!
她是一个多么聪明的女孩啊！
What delicious food ! 多么好吃的食物啊！
句子的类型可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
简单句：The Simple Sentence由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。
e.g. I get up at six thirty in the morning.
My mother and I often go shopping.
并列句：The Compound Sentence 由并列词and , so , but , or等）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。要掌握并列句的构成及用法。
e.g. I help him and he helps me. 我帮他，他帮我。
This is our first lesson , so I don't know all your names.
这是我们的第一节课，所以我不认识你们。
She likes bread and milk , but she doesn't like eggs at all.
她喜欢吃面包和牛奶，但她一点儿也不喜欢吃鸡蛋。
复合句：The Complex Sentence 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。
e.g. If you are ill , you must see the doctor.
如果你病了，一定要去看医生。（状语从句）
I hope he's better tomorrow.
我希望他明天身体更好一些。（宾语从句）
熟练掌握宾语从句的`语序及关联词that , if / whether , what , who , which , whose , when , what time , where , how 等的用法，以及宾语从句的时态。
在复合句中作主句的宾语，叫宾语从句。
注意：宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句语序。
e.g. I asked him if he was a student.
宾语从句的时态呼应是：主句的时态是一般现在时，从句可以是任何一个时态。
如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句必须是过去时态的一种形式。
当表示事实、真理、自然现象时必须用一般现在时。
e.g. The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。
请注意防止出现以下错误：
A. They said that they'll leave if Peter stays.
时态错误，应改为：They said that they would leave if Peter stayed.
B. He asked why were you late for school.
语序错误，应改为：He asked why you were late for school .
C. Her brother asked me whose book this was ?
标点错误，问号应该改为句号。
熟练掌握由when , before , after , as soon as , until , because , than , if , so …that等词引导的时间、原因，比较，条件、结果状语从句。
在复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等的从句叫作状语从句。
时间状语从句：
When she reached home , she had a short rest.
当她到家时，她休息了一会儿。
Judy had finished writing the book before she went to Queensland.
朱娣在去昆士兰之前已经写完了那本书。
I went to bed after I finished my article.
我写完文章之后才上床。
As soon as the bell rang the students, stopped talking to each other.
铃声一响，学生们就停止了谈话。
We won't leave until the headteacher comes back.
班主任回来我们才会离开。
原因状语从句：
The children went to the farm , because the farmers needed some help.
孩子们去农场是因为农民们需要帮忙。
比较状语从句：Jim is older than Lucy is.
吉姆比露西大。
条件状语从句：
If it rains tomorrow , we won't hold a sports meeting on the sportsground .
如果明天下雨，我们就不在运动场上开运动会了。
结果状语从句：
The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.
这个箱子太沉以致于我无法抬起来。
目的状语从句：
The headmaster spoke loudly so that all the students could hear what he said.
校长高声讲话为的是全体学生能够听到他所讲的话。
让步状语从句：
Although he is young , he knows a lot of things.
虽然他年龄小，但却认识许多事情。
状语从句的时态要与主句时态相互呼应。但要注意以as soon as , when , until等引导的时间状语从句表示将来的动作时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
e.g. He will write to me as soon as he gets to America.
他一到美国就给我写信。
When I see him , I will tell him this good news.
当我见到他时，我将告诉他这个好消息。
We won't leave until we finish our homework .
直到完成作业我们才会离开。
以if引导的条件状语从句假设的是将来的动作，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
e.g. He will come to see me if he has time. 如果条件状语从句放在宾语从句中，时态则依照宾语从句的要求而变。
e.g. My mother said she would buy me a book if I studied hard.
我母亲说如果我努力学习，她要给我买一本书。
以because引导的原因状语从句不可能和so一起连用。
e.g. He didn't come to school yesterday because he was ill.
他昨天没来学校，因为他生病了。
注意防止出现以下错误：
A. I'm sure he'll ring you up if he will come back.
从句时态错误，will come应该改为comes.
B. Because he was tired , so he went to bed very early.
中文习惯用"因为……所以……"，但在英语中because不能和so同时使用，应该去掉其中的一个。
;3. 20条有趣的英语小知识
1、剑桥大学的研究表明：单词中字母的顺序如何不重要，重要的是第一个和最后一个字母的位置。这是因为大脑在阅读时不会读到所有字母。
2、“WAS IT A CAR OR A CAT I SAW”（我看到的是一辆车还是一只猫）这是英语中唯一一句反过来念还是一样的句子。
3、英语单词“Goodbye”来自于“God bye”，原意是“上帝与你同在”。
4、“The quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog.”（这只敏捷的棕色狐狸跳过了一只懒狗）这句话用到了字母表中的所有字母！
5、“Go”是英语中最短的完整句子。
6、单词“onion”（洋葱）来自于拉丁词“unio”，意思是大珍珠。
7、单词“tips”（小费）实际上是“To Insure Prompt Service”（保障快捷的服务）的首字母缩写！
8、词组“rule of thumb”（经验法则），是从一条古老的英国法律中来的，即：不能用超过大拇指粗细的东西打老婆。
9、英语中最长的单词是“”（硅酸盐沉着病）！
10、会说英语的中国人比会说英语的美国人还多。
11、单词“listen”（听）和“silent”（安静的）用到了一样的字母。
12、胡佛真空吸尘器在英国曾经非常流行，到现在很多人还把“vacuuming”（吸尘）说成“hoovering”（胡佛ing…）。
13、“Stressed”（压力）倒过来拼就是“Desserts”（点心）。
14、英语中使用最多的字母是“E”，用得最少的是“Q”。
15、作家厄尔尼斯特·文森特·莱特曾经写过一篇5万字的小说《葛士比》，里面没有一个字母“E”！
4. 初中英语语法知识点大全
初中英语语法是初中学习的重点，下面总结了初中英语语法知识点，希望能帮助到大家学习英语。
句子成分
英语句子成分分七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语：句子的主体，全句述说的对象。回答是“谁”或者“什么”。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当，位于句首。
如：The boy needs a pen.
Smoking is bad for you = To smoke is bad for you
2、谓语：说明主语的动作或状态。回答“做(什么)”。由动词或系动词加表语担任，常置于主语后。
如：The train leaves at 6 o’clock.
She is reading.
3、宾语：表示动作的对象。回答做的是“什么”。一般由名词或代词担当，常置于谓语后。
如：He won the game.
He likes playing computer.
注意：
（1）有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物（直接宾语）,一个指人（间接宾语）。
间接宾语一般放在直接宾语前面。
如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)
（2）有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。
如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
4、表语：用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。一般由名词或形容词担任，置于系动词或be动词之后。
如：He is a student. We are tired.
注意：除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，
（1）表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
（2）表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go等。
（3）表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。
5、定语：对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。
如：The black bike is mine.（形容词）
The boy in blue is Jim.（介词短语）
I have nothing to do today.（动词不定式）
注意：
（1）当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing , anything , everything , something等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如： I tell him something interesting.
（2）不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。
例如：The boys who are in the room are playing games.
6、状语：用以修饰动词、形容词、副词及全句，通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任位置灵活。
（1）修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；
如：I am very sorry.
（2）表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首。
如：In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.
They are writing English in the classroom.
（3）一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。
如：We often help him.
He is always late for class.
7、补语：补充说明宾语怎么样或干什么,。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。
如：He made me sad.（形容词）
She asks me to take an umbrella.（不定式）
The war made him a soldier.（名词）
I find him at home.（介词短语）
I saw a cat running along the wall.（分词）
8、同位语：通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。
如：Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.
I myself will do the experiment.
She is the oldest among them six.
数词的用法
1、表示年份：2002: twenty thousand and two ; 1976 : nineteen seventy-six.
2、表示日期： 12月1日: Dec.1st或the first of December；2002年11月8日: Nov. 8th, 2002.
3、表示时刻： 5：15→ five fifteen或a quarter past five ; 8：30→ eight thirty或half past
eight ; 10：45→ ten forty-five或a quarter to eleven.
4、表示编号：Room 105→Room one 0 five; Bus No.13→Bus Number Thirteen; P.5→Page Five;Tel.No.7658659→Telephone Number seven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine
5、小数的读法：5.7→ five point seven, 0.16 →zero point one six.
6、“半”的表达： 1/2→half, 半小时→half an hour, 1.5小时→one and a half hours或one hour and a half.
7、序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,加a/an时表示“再一、又一”。
现在完成时
1、概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2、句子结构：have/has + done
3、时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
4、否定形式：have/has + not +done.
5、一般疑问句：have或has。
现在进行时
1、概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2、时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.
3、基本结构：am/is/are+doing
否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
4、用法：
（1）表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。
例如： We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
（2）习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。
例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
（3）表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
例如：The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
（4）与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
例：You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
（5）用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等瞬时动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。
例：I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
一般现在时
1、概念：指经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2、时间状语：always,usually,often,sometimes,every week(day,year,month…),once a week,on Sundays,
3、基本结构：动词+原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S）
4、否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
5、一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
一般过去时
1、概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2、时间状语：ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month…),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.
3、基本结构：含有Be动词主语+was/were+.不含有be动词：主语+动词过去式+.
4、否定句：带be:主语+was/were not+动词原形+.不带be：主语+didn't+动词原形+.
5、一般疑问句：含be动词was或were放于句首；
不含be动词用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词原型。
过去进行时
1、概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2、时间状语：at this time yesterday,at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3、基本结构：was/were+doing
4、否定形式：was/were+not+doing.
5、一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
一般将来时
1、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2、时间状语：tomorrow,next day(week,month,year…),soon,in a few minutes,by…,the day after tomorrow,etc.
3、基本结构：am/is/are+going to+do；will/shall+do.
4、否定形式：am/is/are+not+going to;在行为动词前加will/shall(will适用于所有人称，shall只用于第一人称）
5、一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。
过去将来时
1、概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2、时间状语：the next day(morning,year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3、基本结构：was/were+going to+do；would/should+do.
4、否定形式：was/were+not+going to+do;would/should+not+do.
5、一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should提到句首。
5. 英语小知识有哪些啊
英语小知识如下：
1、“肤纹”（Subdermatoglyphic）是能够写出的最长且没有字母重复的英语单词。它有17个字母，是一个医学名词，指的是手指下面的一层皮肤。
2、“走”（Go）是英语中最短而且语法正确的句子。
3、英语里，没有可以与“嘴”（mouth），“橘子”（orange），“银”（silver），以及“紫色”（purple）押韵的单词。
4、如果你将每个数字作为单词依次写出来（比如：一，二，三，四……），直到写到十亿的时候才会用到“b”这个字母。
5、Pangram Sentence（全字母短句）是指包括英语全部26个字母的短句。
6. 简单英语语法知识
简单英语语法知识
there be句式有时可以与情态动词连用
■与 can / could 连用
There can be no doubt about that.
那是毫无疑问的。
Without heavy instry there can be no economic advance.
没有重工业，就没有经济的发展。
If the police hadn’t closed the road there could have been a bad accident.
要不是警方关闭了道路，本来会发生严重车祸的。
■与may / might 连用
There might still be hope.
可能还有希望。
There may be a letter for me.
大概有我一封信。
There may be a storm tomorrow.
明天可能有风暴。
At the end there may be an index.
结尾处可能有索引。
There might be drinks if you wait for a bit.
如果你等一会儿，可能会有饮料。
There may be more importance in it than would seem.
它的重要意义可能要比看上去大。
■与must 连用
There must be a mistake.
一定是弄错了。
He felt there must be something wrong.
他感到准有什么问题。
There must be somebody at home—ring again.
家里肯定有人——再按一下铃。
There must be some book which could help.
一定有那么本书可以帮我们的忙。
That can’t be the only way. There must be other ways of solving the problem.
那不是解决问题的唯一办法，肯定有另外的办法。
■与 should 连用
There shouldn’t be any doubt about it.
对此不应有什么怀疑。
It is important that there should be afire escape.
要有一个太平梯，这很重要。
The widow begged that there should be no reprisals.
遗孀祈求不要去搞复仇。
■与 ought to 连用
There ought to be a comma here.
这儿应有一个逗号。
There shouldn’t be any doubt about it.
对此不应有什么怀疑。
There ought to be traffic lights at this crossroads.
这个十字路口应该有红绿灯。
There ought to be enough of a fire left up there.
上面那儿残留的火势该够大了。
There oughtn’t to have been any difficulty about it
此事本不应有什么困难。
■与 used to 连用
There used to be a small park just around the corner.
以前在那个拐角就有一个小公园。
There are more flowers than there used to he.
现在比过去花儿更多了。
There used to be a cinema here, didn’t there?
过去这儿是有一家电影院的，是吗?
There used to be a hospital here.
原来这里有家医院。
There used to be four cinemas in the town, now there is only one.
过去这座城市有四家电影院。现在只有一家了。
从零开始学语法：情态动词can与may的用法
can 的用法
一、表能力，有“能，会，能够”的意思。例如：
-Can you drive a car? 你会开车吗?
-Yes, I can. 我会。/ No, I can't. 我不会。
二、表允许，在口语中代替may，有“可以”的意思。
(见下面 may 的用法第四点)
三、表示可能性，常用于否定句和疑问句。例如：
Can it be true? 那会是真的吗?
Today is Sunday. He can't be at school. 今天是星期天，他不可能在学校里。
很多同学都不太清楚 can 与 be able to 的异同吧，赶快来学习一下吧>>
may 的用法
一、表示许可或征求对方的许可，有“可以”的意思。例如：
You may go now. 你可以走了。
May I use your computer? 我用一下你的电脑可以吗?
二、回答以 may 开头的疑问句有如下表达法：
-May I smoke here? 我可以在这儿抽烟吗?
-Yes, you may. / Yes, please. 请抽吧。
-No, you can't. / No, you mustn't. / No, you'd better not. 请不要抽烟。
三、表示猜测，通常只用于陈述句。例如：
You may be right. 你可能是对的。
四、在口语中 can 可以代替 may 表示许可，但 can 较随便，may 更正式。例：
Can I use your bike, John? 约翰，我可以用一下你的自行车吗?
May I have a look at your license please, sir? 先生，我可以看一下你的执照吗?
从零开始学语法：情态动词must与have to的用法
must 的用法
一、表义务，“必须”。例如：
You must talk to them about their study. 你必须同他们谈谈关于他们学习的事。
二、在否定结构中表不许。例如：
You mustn't leave here. 你不能离开这儿。
三、表推测，暗含有很大的可能性。例如：
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他肯定是病了。他的脸色那么苍白。
注意：之前我们说过 may 也可以表猜测，但是 may 暗含的可能性较小，must 暗含的可能性较大。另外否定的猜测是用can't。例如：
The baby can't be ill. He is so active. 那宝宝不大可能是病了。他那么活跃。
四、表不可避免，“必然要，必定会”。例如：
All men must die. 人总有一死。
五、表主张，“坚持要，一定要”。例如：
If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. 如果你坚持要走，至少也要等雨停了再走。
六、关于 must 的简短回答：
-Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必须马上打扫膳厅吗?
-Yes, you must. 是的。
-No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to. 不必马上打扫。
have to 的用法
一、have to 表客观的需要和义务，must 表主观的`认识。例如：
I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi. 我没搭上火车，所以我只得打的。(客观上需要打的)
I must study hard. 我必须努力学习。(主观上认为应该努力学习)
二、在疑问句和否定句中，have to 多用助动词 do 构成，must 则直接提前或加not。例如：
Did he have to do it? = Must he do it? 他得做那件事吗?
而且在否定句中，have to 表不需要，must 表不允许：
You don't have to go there. 你不需要去那儿。
You mustn't go there? 你不可去那儿。
2014高考英语抓分训练：情态动词与虚拟语气、非谓语动词、复合句(含答案解析)
一、情态动词与虚拟语气考点
I am a middle school student. I have many dreams. If there 1.________ (be) not so much homework, I would have more time to do what I like to do. How I wish I 2.________ (listen) to my favourite music for an hour a day and 3.________ (play) table tennis for an hour in the morning. It's my desire that we 4.________ (hold) evening parties or 5.________ (organize) some interesting activities at weekend. I suggest that t here 6.________ (be) not so many tests. You can imagine what life 7.________ (will) be if I8.________ (realize) my dream. But I must face the exams. Without good marks, I 9.________ (will) not enter my ideal university. Anyway, it's high time that I 10.________ (encourage) myself and worked hard from now on.
二、不定式考点
Dear Editors，
My name is Adam Rouse. I'm 19 years old and I used 1.________ (be) a heavy smoker. I first started 2.________ (smoke) when I was only 15 alt hough I know it is very harmful 3.________ (smoke) at any time.
I read your magazine and know that there are some organizations 4.________ (help)people stop smoking.Participants learn 5.________ (recognise) smoking triggers and they try 6.________ (set) a date in the future when they will stop 7.________ (smoke)on purpose.Now, I am looking for some ideas 8.________ (help) myself 9.________ (give) up smoking and I expect myself 10.________ (accept) as a member of your organizations.
Yours sincerely，
Li Lei
三、分词考点
Many years ago, a young foreigner 1.________ (call) Marco Polo travelled all the way from Italy to China. From then on a window to the east has been 2.________ (open) for westerners.
Two kinds of gold coins once 3.________ (make) by Europeans showed their respects to the great explorer.
Marco Polo was 4.________ (bear) in 1254. He l ived in Venice, a rich city in Italy. Marco's father and uncle were merchants. They had travelled to the east. So when Marco was young, he enjoyed 5.________ (listen) to the stories about the places 6.________ (visit) by his father. His father decided 7.________ (take) him on a trip. When Marco Polo was just 17, he left his country for China. They were among the first to go along the silk road. They had a lot of trouble in 8.________(explore). So it was a hard trip for Marco Polo, but he was very brave. After about four years, Marco met Kublai Khan who gave him a job. Marco spent 17 years 9.________ (work) for him. He visited most parts of China. He learned lots of 10.________ (interest) things about Chinese life. When he returned home, he let others know about things like coal and paper money. He wrote about his trip in a famous book.
四、动名词考点
Everyone needs friends. There is an old 1.________ (say): friends are God's way of 2.________ (take) care of us. But how do you find real friendship and keep it?
The Care and Keeping of Friends by American author Sally Seamans tells young students some smart ways of 3.________ (find) friends. Sally says 4.________ (arrive) at friendship is just like 5.________ (plant) a tree. You plant the seed and take care of it to make it grow. First, you should choose a friend. What makes a good friend? It is not because a person has money or good looks. A good friend should be kind and patient. For example, if you have a hard day, a good friend should l isten to your complaints and do their best 6.________ (help). To make a friend, you cannot be too shy. You should make each other happy and share your life. But things can't always be happy. Even the best friends have fights. What should you do when you have a fight with your friends? You have to talk to them. When there is no one around, have an honest talk. If he or she doesn't want 7.________ (talk), you could write a letter.
Sally says there are three steps to 8.________ (be) friends again. Tell him or her how you are feeling, say what your friend has done wrong, and explain why you did this or that. The book also has advice on some small but important things like 9.________ (celebrate) your friends' success. Even if you haven't had a real friend before, you will start 10.________ (think) of having one if you read this book, because the book tells that friendship is the most important thing in your life.
五、名词性从句考点
Three years had passed and things were even worse than before. One can hardly imagine 1.________ the poor people suffered. Most of the workers lost their jobs and in order to provide for their families they sold everything 2.________ they had in their houses. They could neither get food nor clot hing. Many of them fell ill and died.
Now they began to understand 3.________ the factory owners were their enemies. But they believed that 4.________ the government knew 5.________ hard their conditions were, they would give them some help . In a meeting they decided 6.________ they should send some of their men to London to tell the government of the truth. Jackson was chosen to be one of them to go to the capital. He felt proud 7.________ he could do something for his friends.
A few days later, when Jackson came back from London and was asked to tell about 8.________ had happened there, he replied in a low voice, “I will never forget 9.________ we workers were treated there, and I will never forgive those who refused to hear us. Friends, let us do all we can to struggle against the capitalists and the government 10.________ supports them.”
六、定语从句考点
Some day, if you are lucky, you may see a bongo. But the only way 1.________ most people will see it is in a zoo. They are found in Africa, 2.________ they lived deep in forests. Even in Africa, very few people ever get to see a bongo. The bongo does not come out of the forest very often. It is an animal 3.________ keeps to itself.
The bongo has beautiful colouring. Its hair is bright brown mixed with orange and red. Down its back an d across its sides the bongo has yellowwhite strips. Animals 4.________ look for food at night usually have big eyes. This helps them see better at night. The forests in 5.________ bongos live are very dark. The eyes of bongos are very big. So, they have not trouble in living in the darkness.
Bongos in zoos do not like to go outside on bright days. They only go outside on those days when it is dark or very cloudy.
七、状语从句考点
Two travelling angels stopped to spend the night in the home of a wealthy family. The family was rude and refused to let the angels stay in the mansion's guestroom. Instead the angels were given a small space in the cold basement. 1.________ they made their bed on the hard floor, the older angel saw a hole in the wall and repaired it. When the younger angel asked 2.________， the older angel replied, “Things aren't always 3.________they seem.”
The next night the pair came to rest at the house of a very poor, 4.________ very hospitable farmer and his wife. After sharing what little food they had，the couple let the angels sleep in their bed 5.________ they could have a good night's rest. 6.________ the sun came up the next morning the angels found the farmer and his wife in tears. Their only cow, 7.________milk had been their sole income, lay dead in the field. The younger angel was infuriated and asked the older angel, “How could you have let this happen?” “The first man had everything, yet you helped him，” she accused. “The second family had little 8.________ was willing to share everything and you let the cow die.”
“Things aren't always what they seem, ” the older angel replied.“9.________ we stayed in the basement of the mansion, I noticed there was gold stored in the hole in the wall. 10.________ the owner was so obsessed with greed and unwilling to share his good fortune, I sealed the wall and he wouldn't find it. Then last night as we slept in the farmer's bed, the angel of death came to his wife. I asked God if the angel could take the cow instead.”
八、复合句考点
Gandhi was honoured as the father of the Indian nation. He has been respected and beloved by the Indians with the belief 1.________ he is an Indian national hero. He was born in India in 1869. 2.________ is recorded, he got married at the age of 13, following the local custom. In 1888 he sailed to England, 3.________ he studied law for three years and became a lawyer. 4.________ his return to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case. In South Africa he was surprised to find 5.________ the problem of racial discrimination was serious. There he formed an organization and this was 6.________ he started to fight for equal rights. Gandhi returned to India in 1915, 7.________ India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and independence for his country. 8.________ in the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison and it was still not sure9.________ they could gain independence, the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give in and India won its independence in 1947. Unfortunately, Gandhi was shot by an Indian 10.________ opposed his views and died on January 30th, 1948.
一、情态动词与虚拟语气考点
1.were 2.listened 3.played 4.(should) hold
5.(should) organize 6.(should) be 7.would
8.realized/ should realize/ were to realize 9.would
10.encouraged
二、不定式考点
1.to be 2.smoking/to smoke 3.to smoke 4.to help
5.to recognise 6.to set 7.smoking 8.to help
9.(to)give 10.to be accepted
三、分词考点
1.called 2.opened 3.made 4.born 5.listening
6.visited 7.to take 8.exploring 9.working
10.interesting
四、动名词考点
1.saying 2.taking 3.finding 4.a rriving 5.planting
6.to help 7.to talk 8.being 9.celebrating
10.thinking/to think
五、名词性从句考点
1.how 2.that 3.that 4.if 5.how 6.that 7.that 8.what 9.how 10.that
六、定语从句考点
1.that 2.where 3.that/which 4.that/which 5.which
七、状语从句考点
1 .As/When 2.why 3.what 4.but 5.where
6.When 7.whose 8.but 9.When 10.Since/Because
八、复合句考点
1.that 2.As 3.where 4.On/After 5.that 6.how
7.when 8.Though/Although 9.whether 10.who
小升初英语语法大全：情态动词must与have to的用法
must 的用法
一、表义务，“必须”。例如：
You must talk to them about their study. 你必须同他们谈谈关于他们学习的事。
二、在否定结构中表不许。例如：
You mustn't leave here. 你不能离开这儿。
三、表推测，暗含有很大的可能性。例如：
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他肯定是病了。他的脸色那么苍白。
注意：之前我们说过 may 也可以表猜测，但是 may 暗含的可能性较小，must 暗含的可能性较大。另外否定的猜测是用can't。例如：
The baby can't be ill. He is so active. 那宝宝不大可能是病了。他那么活跃。
四、表不可避免，“必然要，必定会”。例如：
All men must die. 人总有一死。
五、表主张，“坚持要，一定要”。例如：
If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. 如果你坚持要走，至少也要等雨停了再走。
六、关于 must 的简短回答：
-Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必须马上打扫膳厅吗?
-Yes, you must. 是的。
-No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to. 不必马上打扫。
have to 的用法
一、have to 表客观的需要和义务，must 表主观的认识。例如：
I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi. 我没搭上火车，所以我只得打的。(客观上需要打的)
I must study hard. 我必须努力学习。(主观上认为应该努力学习)
二、在疑问句和否定句中，have to 多用助动词 do 构成，must 则直接提前或加not。例如：
Did he have to do it? = Must he do it? 他得做那件事吗?
而且在否定句中，have to 表不需要，must 表不允许：
You don't have to go there. 你不需要去那儿。
You mustn't go there? 你不可去那儿。
2011年中考英语试题单项选择之情态动词和系动词（1）
(2010 .河北省卷,31. 1) -Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?
-Yes, you ________.
A. must B. can C. may D. need
（2010湖南省娄底市5. 1） -Must I be in hospital for a week， Doctor? ?
-No， you . You can go back home tomorrow.?
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C. must?
（2010湖南省娄底市7. 1） -What do you think of the cake??
-I like it very much. It tastes .?
A.good B.terrible C. well
(2010.江苏省盐城市3.1)The desk is not dirty.You_______clean it.
A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.needn’t C.can’t
(2010.四川省内江市23. 1)-What is your mother going to do this Saturday?
--I’m not sure.She_____go to see my grandmother.
A.can B.must C.may
（2010.四川省自贡市31. 1）-May we leave the classroom now?
--No,you _________.You_________to leave until the bell rings.
A.must;are allowed B.can’t ,aren’t supposed
C.needn’t ;aren’t allowed
答案：ABACCC
;7. 英语句子成分讲解知识
英语句子成分讲解知识
英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。以下是由我整理关于英语句子成分讲解知识的内容，希望大家喜欢!
英语句子成分一：主语
一、主语(subject): 句子说明的.人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)
He likes dancing. (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
Seeing is believing. (动名词)
To see is to believe. (不定式)
What he needs is a book. (主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)
英语句子成分二：谓语
二、谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.
He is asleep.
英语句子成分三：表语
表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词)
Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)
Five and five is ten. (数词)
He is asleep. (形容词)
His father is in. (副词)
The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式)
The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)
常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来)， look(看起来)， feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，
taste(尝、吃起来)， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感觉) ….
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
Now I feel tired.
英语句子成分四：宾语
1)动作的承受者——动宾
I like China. (名词)
He hates you. (代词)
How many do you need? We need two. (数词)
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不定式)
Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
;8. 英语基础语法知识总结
英语基础语法知识总结
英语必备语法知识
一、过去完成进行时
1.概念：表示某个正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，一直持续到之后的当前才结束。
2.基本结构：主语+ had + been + doing +其它
3.例子：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。 Had they been expecting the news for some time?他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧?
4.特殊含义：①尚未完成：He had been writing the novel.他已经在写小说了。(他没写完)
②企图：He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾经学习过这个谚语。(他曾努力学习过它) ③未得结果：We had been studying what our enemy had said.我们一直致力于敌人所说的。(但是我们没有理解) ④最近情况：He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一场架。(最近)
⑤反复动作：He had been asking me the same question.他一直问我相同的问题。(屡次)
⑥情绪：What had he been doing?他做了什么?(不耐烦)
二、 将来完成进行时
1.概念：表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去，要视上下文而定。
2.基本结构：shall/will have been doing
3.例子：I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底，我将在这个工厂工作20年了。
If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱们如不快一点儿，等我们到了那儿，店门就会关了。
英语重要语法知识
介 词
一、介词的主要用法：介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)..或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,
如：out of(从…中出来)because of(因为)away from(距离…),
on top of(在…顶上)ever since(自从…)next to(在…隔壁),
according to(根据…) in front of(在…前方)等。
二、介词短语的句法作用：
介词短语相当于一个形容词或副词,可用作状语、定语和表语。
如：The man came .(状)(那个人走下楼来)
The woman is from the countryside.
(定)(头上戴花的妇女来自乡下)
The teacher is now with the pupils.
(表)(老师现在和学生在一起)
三、介词短语在句子中的位置：
介词短语做状语时,如果表示时间/地点,可以放在句首或句尾,
如果表示方向/方式/伴随/涉及/原因/目的/比较,一般放在句尾;
介词短语作表语时放在连系动词之后;
介词短语作定语时,只能放在被修饰的名词之后。
如：He wanted to find a good jobin Shanghai the next year.
(状语)(他想来年在上海找份好工作) They searched the roomfor the thief.(他们在房间里搜索小偷)
The letters are for you.(表语)(信是给你的)
Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?
(定语)(你看见一只黑头白腿的猫了吗?)
英语语法知识要点
一、主语
1、名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。
如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。)
They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。)
To see is to believe.(耳听为虚眼见为实).
Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)
2、动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。
如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat ring the long journey.
(在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)
3、口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略： (It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。) (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系。) (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。)
4、反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词：
The man looks worried,doesn’the? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗?)
Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗?)
5、祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。
Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来。)
6、主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾;倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。
如：Computers are made in this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂。)
Where are they? (他们在哪儿?)
Does the boy like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗?)
7、主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。
Neither Jim nor Rosehas passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。)
The Chinese peopleare a hardworking and brave people.
(中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)
8、主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。
拓展： 初高中基础英语语法知识
一、词 法
1、名词
(1)名词的可数与不可数
可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量，它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来统计，都称为不可数名词。
不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量，没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念，就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词，在英语里却不可数。如：chalk，paper，bread，rice，grass，news等。
(2)名词复数的规则变化
A.一般情况下加-s。
B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es。
C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es。
D.以f，fe结尾的.，去掉f或fe，变成v再加-es。
(3)名词的所有格
A. 单数名词词尾加’s，复数名词词尾若没有s，也要加’s。
如：the worker’ s bike，the Children’ s ball
B. 表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有，则需在各个名字后加’ s。
如： This is Lucy and Lily’ s room.
These are Kate’ s and jack’ s rooms.
C. 如果是通过在词尾加-s构成的复数形式的名词，只加’。
如：the students’ books，the girls’ blouses
(另外：如果名词是有生命的，我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的，我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。)
2、代词
人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，不定代词
(1)人称代词
第一人称单数
I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称
单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称
单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
(2)物主代词
物主代词的用法：形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟一个名词;
名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。
(3)反身代词
反身代词的构成分两种：第一、二人称反身代词在形容词性物主代词后加上self或selves，第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves.
反身代词的用法：一种是作宾语，由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。如：I enjoyed myself at the party. 另一种是作名词或代词的同位语;用来加强语气。如：I can do it myself.
(4)指示代词
指示代词的特殊用法：
(1)为了避免重复，可用that，those代替前面提到过的名词，但是this，these不可以。
(2)this，that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。
(5)不定代词
one,some,any,other,another,all,both,each,neither,many,much等。
3、冠词
(1)不定冠词an用在元音读音开头(不是指元音字母)的词前，其余用不定冠词a。
(2)定冠词的基本用法
A. 用在重新提到的人或事物前面。
B. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面。
C. 用在单数可数名词前面，表示某一类人或事物。
(3)定冠词的特殊用法
A. 用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。
B. 用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。
C. 用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。
D. 用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。
E. 用在姓氏的复数形式前面，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。
F. 用在乐器名称前。
G. 和某些形容词连用，表示某一类人或事物。
(4)名词前不用冠词的情况
A. 在专有名词 (包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节) 、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不用冠词。但在以festival组成的民间节日前要加the。
B. 表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。
C. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。
D. 三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词。在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同。
(sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌边
go to school去上学;go to the school去那所学校;in hospital住院;in the hospital在那个医院里
4、数词
(1)数字的表示
三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。
1，000以上的数字，从后向前第三位数加一个“，”，第一个“，”前为thousand，第二个“，”前为million，第三个“，”前为billion。
(2)序数词除了first，second，third外，其余都在基数词尾加-th构成。
(3)分数分子在前，分母在后，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于1时，分母序数词要变成复数。
(4)hundreds(thousands，millions)of…
5、形容词、副词
(1)形容词的位置
A. 形容词作定语一般要放在名词前面，但当形容词修饰不定代词something，nothing，anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后。如：something important，nothing serious。
B. 当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时，定语或表语要后置。如：
We have g a hole two meters deep.
The hole is about two metres deep.
(2)形容词的比较等级
单音节词和少数双音节词，在词尾加-(e)r，-(e)st来构成比较级和最高级。其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。如：
popular—more popular—most popular
important—more important—most important
(3)副词的比较等级
单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。绝大多数副词借助more，most来构成比较级和最高级。
(4)少数形容词和副词比较级/最高级的不规则变化：
原级 比较级 最高级
well —— better —— best
badly —— worse —— worst
much —— more —— most
little —— less —— least
far —— farther —— farthest
farthest furthest
late —— later —— latest
(5)副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词the。
6、介词
(1)表示时间的介词及介词短语
in, at, on, before，after，till，since，for, from…to, until， by，in the middle of，at the beginning of， at the end of，at half past five，at night，in a week，in the morning，in class，at sunrise， in spring / summer / autumn /winter，on Sunday，on Saturday afternoon，on a winter evening，for a long time，for two months，after school，since liberation，before lunch，at the time of，at the age of
(2)表示地点的介词及介词短语
in，at，into，to，on，beside，before，behind，above,under, outside,inside,up,from,far,near,across,off， down， among， past，between，out of，around，in the front of， in the middle of， at the back of，at the foot of，at home，at the gate，at the table，in the sky， on the ground，in a tree， in the south，in the sun，in the bed，on one’s way home，by the side of
二、八种基本时态
1、一般现在时
概念: 表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。
常和 always , often , usually , sometimes , every day 等表时间的状语连用。如：
1) I go to school every day. 我每天都去学校。(表经常)
2) He is always like that. 他总是那样。 (表状态)
构成：
1) 主语 + be (am / are / is ) +……
2) 主语 + 实义动词/三单动词 + …
2、一般过去时
概念:
1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 , 常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如: yesterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago等.
如: I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影。
2) 也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
如: He always went to work by bike last week.
构成:
1) 主语 + be (was / were ) +……
2) 主语 + 实义动词过去式 +……
3、现在进行时
概念: 表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。如:
He is singing.
They are watching TV now.
构成: 主语 + 助动词be(am/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成。
4、过去进行时
概念: 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外,一般用时间状语来表示。
如:
1) ---What were you doing?
---I was jumping.
2) ---What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?
---He was sleeping.
构成: 主语 + 助动词be(was/were) + 动词-ing形式构成。
5、一般将来时
概念: 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如: tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future等。如:
He will go shopping tomorrow.
They are going to play basketball next week.
构成:
1) 主语 + 助动词will + 动原 +……
2) 主语 + be going to + 动原 + ……
6、过去将来时
概念: 表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成:
1) 主语(第一人称) + 助动词should + 动原 +……
2) 主语 + would + 动原 + ……
3) 主语 + was/ were going to +动原……
用法: 过去将来时除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在间接引语中,主句谓语动词为过去时态。如:
1) I should go.
2) You knew I would come.
3) They were going to Nanjing.
7、现在完成时
构成: 主语 + 助动词 ( have / has ) + 动词过去分词 +……
用法例句表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
---Have you had your lunch yet?
---Yes, I have. (现在我不饿了)
8、过去完成时
构成: 主语 + 助动词 had + 动词过去分词 +……
例句表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示的动作发生的时间是”过去的过去”.表示过去某一时间可用by,before 等构成的短语,也可用when, before, 等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示。
I had finished my homework when my mom came back home.
三、三种基本从句
从句的共同特点：
从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子，充当什么成分就叫什么从句，如：充当宾语就叫宾语从句，充当定语成分就叫定语从句。
从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点：从句是句子。
从句的共同特点：
1.从句都有自己的连接词
2.从句都是陈述语序(陈述语序就是主语在前，谓语在后，如：He is a teacher主语 He 在谓语is之前，因此是陈述语序，而Is he a teacher? 主语 He 在谓语is之后，因此不是陈述语序。)
1、宾语从句
宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子，如：
He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.
宾语从句的特点：
①宾语从句有自己的连接词
②宾语从句用陈述语序
③宾语从句的时态
(1)宾语从句的连接词：
宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词。
(2)宾语从句的语序：
A. 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序(主语在前，谓语在后),如：
I want to know if he can come tomorrow.
B. 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词，如：She asked me who had helped him.
(3)宾语从句的时态，只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现”
A. 主现则从任：主句如果是一般现在时，则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种，如：1.He tells me he likes English very much.(一般现在时)。
B. 主过则从过：主句如果是一般过去时，则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种，带“过”字的时态分别是：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时。
如：He told me that he liked playing football(一般过去时)
C. 客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。
如：He says the moon goes around the earth.
2、状语从句
(1)时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。
时间状语的连接词：when(当…时候) while(当…时候) as(当…时候) after(在…以后) before(在…以前) as soon as(一…就) since(自从…到现在) till /until(直到…才) by the time(到…为止)依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。
举例：when当…的时候(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。)
Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.
(2)原因状语从句：在一个句子中作原因状语的句子。
连接词：由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导。
举例：I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.
(3)条件状语从句：在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。
连接词：if如果, unless (=if not) 除非(让步)
举例：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.
(4)目的、结果状语从句
目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。
结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子
目的状语从句连接词so that, so…that , in order that 引导。
结果状语从句连接词 so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。
举例：so…that 如此…以至于
The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.
(5)让步状语从句
让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子
连接词： though, although.，whether…or not
举例：Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.
3.no matter从句
结构："no matter +特殊疑问词+陈述语序" 或"特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序"
如：No matter what happened, he would not mind.
注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
3、定语从句
定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。
如：I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flowers.(beautiful是定语)
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：
I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.
定语从句的连接词：
连接代词：who，which，whom，whose，that
连接副词：when，where，why
9. 英语简单语法知识点总结
英语对于现在的中国学生来说已经成为了一种重要的语言。英语作为一种语言,本身就是一个系统,需要靠英语语法来规范,接下来我为你整理了英语简单语法知识点，一起来看看吧。
英语简单语法知识点：特殊句型
there be 句型，be going to 结构
1. Be going to 结构，表示打算，准备，计划做某事
结构：主语+be动词+going to +动词原型
I am going to make a bookcase.
They are going to paint it.
The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.
变疑问句将be动词移到句首
Are you going to make a bookcase?
Are they going to paint it?
Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?
变否定句在be动词后面加not
I am not going to make a bookcase.
They are going to paint it.
The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I am. No, I am not.
Yes, they are. No, they are not.
Yes, he is. No, he is not.
特殊疑问句
What are you going to do?
What are they going to do?
What is the father going to do?
2. There be 句型：表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)
There is+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)
There is a book in this room.
There is a pen on the table
There are+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)
There are two pens on the table.
There are three schools there.
变疑问句将be动词移到句首
Is there a book in this room?
Are there two pens on the table?
变否定句在动词后面加not
There is not a book in this room.
There are not two pens on the table.
肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, there is. No, there is not.
Yes, there are. No, there are not.
英语简单语法知识点：选择疑问句
选择疑问句：是指提出两个或两个以上可能的答案供对方选择的句式
一种是以一般疑问句的结构形式为基础，只是在语调上有所区别。
例如：Would you like coffee or tea?
这一类选择疑问句通常都是在前一个供选择的答案用低升调，后一个用降调;如果有两个以上供选择的答案，则在最后一个用降调，其余都用低升调。
例如：
Would you like a gin，or a whisky，or a `beer?
你是要喝杜松子酒，还是威士忌酒，还是啤酒?
这种语调上的特征往往是区别选择疑问句和一般疑问句的重要标志。试比较：
Shall we leave at six or `seven?
我们是 6 点动身还是 7点动身?
Shall we leave at six or seven?
我们在6，7点钟动身好吗?
上述第一例是选择疑问句，其答案只能是两者之一。
We shall leave at six/seven.我们将在6点/7点动身。
上述第二例是一般疑问句，它的答案只是 yes/no，而且并不肯定是6点或7点，甚至可能既不是6点，也不是7点：
Yes，we shall leave at six or seven.是的，我们将在 6， 7点钟动身。
No.We must leave earlier.不。我们必须早点动身。
另一种选择疑问句是以特殊疑问句的结构形式为基础的，也是在语调上有所区别。
例如：Which vase shall I use, the short one or the tall one ? The tall one.
在选择疑问句中的冠词用法。
Is she a housewife or a nurse?(她是一个家庭主妇还是护士?)
其中，or后的不定冠词a/an 不能省略。
英语简单语法知识点：特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子。
常用的疑问词有：what who whose which when where how why等。
可先分为3种:
疑问代词：what，who，which，whose，whom
疑问副词：when，where，why，how
疑问形容词：what(which，whose)+名词
特殊疑问句有两种语序
1.如疑问词作主语或主语的定语，即对主语或主语的定语提问，其语序是陈述句的语序：
疑问词(+主语)+谓语动词+其他成分。
如:Who is singing in the room﹖ whose bike is broken﹖
2.如疑问词作其他成分，即对其他成分提问，其语序是：疑问词+一般疑问句语序?如:What class are you in﹖
What does she look like﹖
Where are you from﹖
What time does he get up every morning﹖
How do you know﹖
注意：
1.回答特殊疑问句时，不能用yes / no，即问什么答什么，尤其是简略回答。如：
Who is from Canada﹖ Helen (is).
Where's the restaurant﹖ Near the station.
Why do you like koalas﹖ Because they are cute.
2.特殊疑问句一般读降调(↓)。
特殊疑问词
Who谁——Whose谁的(加se)
Why为什么
When什么时候
Where在哪里
Which哪一个
What什么 ( What time什么时间 What colour什么颜色)
How怎么样
How many多少{数量}
How much多少钱{价格}，
多少(对不可数名词进行提问)
How long多长
How often多少次
How big多大
How heavy多重{重量}