1. 高中英语必修4知识点
高中英语必修4知识点讲解
必修4 Unit1 Women of achievement知识点讲解
重点词汇
1. achieve
【课文原句】She has achieved everything she wanted to do… (P3)
【名师点拨】achieve v. 意为“完成；达到”，指经过长期努力而达到某目标、地位或标准等。其名词形式为achievement，意为“成就；功绩”，a sense of achievement可指“成就感”。如：
He had finally achieved success.
Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement.
2. condition
【课文原句】She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and ecation. (P1)
【名师点拨】condition 意为“环境；境况；条件”时，是可数名词，常用复数形式conditions；意为“状态；状况”时，是不可数名词，be in good condition表示“处于良好的状态”，be out of condition表示“健康状况不佳”。如：
We should pay more attention to the poor living under the bad conditions.
The astronauts soon got used to the condition of weightlessness.
My car is old but in good condition.
He is overweight and out of condition.
【知识拓展】condition意为“条件”时，常用短语on condition that，表示“如果；在……条件下”；在美国英语中，也经常用under the condition that。如：
I will come on condition that Peter is invited.
They agreed under the condition that the matter be dealt with quickly.
3. devote
【课文原句】She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. (P1)
【名师点拨】devote vt. 意为“投入于；献身”，其宾语后常与介词to搭配，to后接名词、代词或动名词。devote … to … 意为“献身；致力于”，指把自己、时间、精力等奉献给某种工作或事业。如：
He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.
The girl, to whom he was devoted, died in a traffic accident by chance.
After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening.
4. behave
【课文原句】Jane has studied these animals for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. (P2)
【名师点拨】behave vi & vt. 意为“举动；举止；行为表现”，如behave well / badly等。其名词形式为behaviour，指“行为；态度；举止”。如：
The parents encouraged the children to behave well in front of the guests.
My camera has been behaving well since it was repaired.
Everyone praises the children's good behaviour.
5. worthwhile
【课文原句】But the evening makes it all worthwhile. (P2)
【名师点拨】worthwhile adj.意为“值得做的；值得出力的”，可作表语或定语。be worthwhile to do / doing sth表示“值得做……”，在动词-ing形式的结构中，worthwhile有时可以用来替代worth，特别是在表示“值得花时间”这一概念时。如：
I think teaching school is always a worthwhile job.
The book referred to by the professor is worthwhile / worth reading.
6. observe
【课文原句】Jane spent many years observing and recording their daily activities. (P2)
【名师点拨】observe vt. 意为“观察；观测；遵守”，可用observe sb do sth，observe + that从句。其名词形式为observation。如：
I observed the man who murdered the boy enter the shop.
He observed that we should probably have rain.
Most information was collected by direct observation of the animals’ behaviour.
7. argue
【课文原句】She has argued for them to be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. (P2)
【名师点拨】argue作动词时，意为“争论；争吵；争辩”。argue for意为“为……辩护”；argue with sb about / over sth指“就某事和某人争论”；argue against意为“据理反对；争辩……”。如：
It is no use arguing for the plan because it has been rejected.
We are always arguing with each other about money.
Father argued fiercely against any increase in expenditure for the children’s annual party.
【知识拓展】argue的名词形式为argument，意为“争论；争端；论证”，常构成短语settle an argument指“解决争端”。
9. care for
【课文原句】It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies by following some rules for keeping babies clean and healthy. (P6)
【名师点拨】care for可以表示look after的意思，意为“照顾；照料”，且较正式；也可表示“喜欢”的意思。如：
His son cared for him when he was ill.
In fact, I don’t really care for basketball.
另外，在上面的句子中，explain意为“解释，说明”，后可接名词、代词、从句或wh + to do作宾语，可用explain sth to sb或explain to sb sth。如：
Will you explain to us how we can finish the work as soon as possible?
【知识拓展】care about意为“介意；在乎”，表示是否认为某事是重要的，某事是否引起了某人的兴趣或使其忧虑。最常用于疑问句或否定句中。about用在宾语前面，但是在连词前面一般省掉。
I don’t care about your opinion.
I don’t care whether it rains — I’m happy.
10. intend
【课文原句】I looked carefully at the text and realised that it was intended for women who lived in the countryside. (P6)
【名师点拨】intend v. 意为“打算；计划；想要”。intend to do sth意为“想干某事”；intend后也可以接动词-ing形式或that从句。intend for表示“原打算给某人；准备让……干……”。如：
I intended to come to your house last night but it rained.
I intend coming / to come back soon.
He hadn’t really intended that they should be there.
This gift is intended for you.
热点语法
主谓一致用法难点小结：
一、集合名词作主语时的主谓一致。
1. 集合名词有family, team, group, party, class, public, club, crew, crowd, enemy, audience, company, committee, government, population等，当被看作一个整体时，表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式；如果这些集合名词指其中的每个成员，表示复数意义，谓语动词则用复数形式。即谓语动词的单复数要与主语的含义相一致。如：
My class is a big one, including thirty boys and thirty girls.
My class are working hard for the coming exam.
2. 有些集合名词作主语时，谓语只能用复数形式，如：people, the police, the military, mankind, cattle等。如：
The police are searching for the lost child.
二、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致。
不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Everything goes well with me.
Each of the students in our class has an English-Chinese dictionary.
三、“名词＋名词”作主语时的主谓一致。
当表示同一人物或观点时，谓语动词用单数。如：A novelist and playwright is coming to our school. 这里表示“一位小说家兼剧作家”，是同一个人，所以谓语动词用单数。
如果是A novelist and a playwright作主语，这时表示“一位小说家和一位剧作家”，是两个人，所以谓语动词用复数，该句应改为：A novelist and a playwright are coming to our school.
四、The ＋ adj.作主语时的主谓一致。
当The ＋ adj.表示抽象的含义时，谓语动词用单数。如：The beautiful is the true.
当The ＋ adj.表示该类全体的含义时，谓语动词用复数。如：The rich should help the poor.
必修4 Unit 2 Working the land 知识点讲解
Unit2 Working the land
Phrases and Idioms
1. be satisfied (with): pleased because you have got what you want
1) Jane isn't quite satisfied with the way the barber cut her hair.
2) If you are not completely satisfied, you can get your money back.
3) I am not really satisfied with the job you did.
2. refer to : a) mention or speak about someone or something
b) to look at a hook map, piece of paper, etc, for information
1) We agreed never to refer to the matter again.
2) Although she didn't mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to.
3) He gave the speech without referring to his notes even once.
3. would rather: used to say what someone prefers
1) It seems you would rather play than work.
2)She would rather die than lose the children.
3) I would rather starve than be dependent on anyone again.
4. thanks to sb/ sth : because of sb./ sth.
1) I was late thanks to the heavy traffic.
2) It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded.
3) We've collected $50,000 for the poor, thanks to the generosity of the public.
5. rid of sb/sth: become free of
1) Will science- finally rid us of this disease?
2) Do you think it possible to rid the world of nuclear weapons?
3) By working hard day and night, she is trying to rid herself of loneliness and sadness.
6. lead a ...life: live in the way what you life is like
1) Before liberation, my grandpa led a dog's life.
2) If the operation succeeds, the patient will be able to lead a normal life.
3) Mrs. Black is retired and leads a quiet and peaceful life in a mountain village.
7. care about: love; be interested in; be concerned with
1) Just listening to somebody shows you care about them.
2) Your parents are only doing this because they care about you.
3) The only thing this rich- and greedy man seems to care about is money.
8. insist on sth/doing sth: to demand that something must be done or that you must have a particular thing
1) The school insists on good behaviour from its students.
2) John insisted on doing all the work himself, though he was in poor health.
3) The old man insisted on helping me find a taxi even though I told him I didn't need any help.
必修4 Unit3 A taste of humor 知识点讲解
Unit3重点汇集
1. content
【课文原句】Perhaps it makes us feel more content with our life because we feel there is someone else worse off than ourselves. (P17)
【名师点拨】content adj.意为“满足的；满意的”，be content to do意为“乐意去做某事”；be content with sb / sth意为“对某人或某事感到满意”，相当于be pleased with或be satisfied with。如：
I’m content to help you to set up a website on the Internet.
Those who are not content with the progress they have made will have greater success.
注：worse off是badly off的比较级，意思是“境况比……更差”；better off意为“境况比……好”。如：
To my surprise, I found his living conditions were much worse off than mine.
With the development of economy, more and more people are better off.
【知识拓展】content还可作动词，意为“使满足”；作名词时，表示“满足；心满意足”，也可表示“（书、报纸等的）内容；目录；含量”。如：
My explanation seemed to content him.
Now she began to live in peace and content.
We've discussed the unusual form of the book — now, what about the content?
2. 高中英语必修4知识点总结
高中英语必修4必备知识点
1、place orders for sth. 订购 in order of age 按照年龄的顺序 in disorder = out of order 混乱
2、arrest sb. for sth. 因某事而逮捕某人 be under arrest 在逮捕中
3、free o
fcharge 免费 charge sb. for sth. 向某人索要某物 get sth. charged 给某物充电 take charge of = be in charge of 负责 take the charge of = be in the charge of 被负责
4、at a flick of a switch 轻按开关 switch on/off 打开/关闭 switch to 调到
5、not all most 几乎不 not nearly 远非
6、be busy doing = be occupied with sth./in doing sth. 忙于 on business 出差
7、throw/cast/shad light on 阐明观点
8、be/get stuck in = be trapped in 被困于，陷在 be stuck with 被……纠缠不清
stick to the plan 坚持计划 stick to doing = insist on doing = persist in doing
9、be marked with 标记 be caved with 雕刻
10、It’s worthwhile to do/of doing = be worth doing = be worthy of being done/of to be done 值得
11、limit to = restrict to 局限于
12、get around/round/about 到处走动;传播
13、at no time 决不 in no time 立刻
14、be on show/exhibition/display 在展览上
15、be crowded with 拥挤 the crowd 人群
16、the solution to ……的解决 the key to ……的关键 the answer to ……的答案 (to为介词)
17、stand in line = stand in a queue 站成一列
18、carry out 执行
19、keep cool = keep calm = calm down 镇定下来
20、greet sb. with sth. 用某物来问候某人
高中英语必修4知识要点
非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。
1. 在need，want，require, hear等词的'后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。
2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)
3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.(to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)
试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter
to be posted? (此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
4. 在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
例This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).
5. 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例This book is too expensive (for me)to buy.
6. 在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。
例There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。)
高中英语必修4语法知识
情态动词表推测的三种时态
1.对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。
(1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。
2.对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词 + be”，“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”。
(1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。
注：情态动词 should /ought to表推测时，意为“想必会，理应……”但与“have +过去分词”连用时，则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如：
(4)It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment. 现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。(推测)
(5)She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. (虚拟) 她本该出席你的生日晚会的，可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。
(6)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. (虚拟) 汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密，可是他并无恶意。
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modalauxiliary)。
基本助动词有三个：do, have和be;
情态助动词基本的有十四个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组
3. 高中英语必修四重要知识点
有用的知识才是真正的知识，知识的实用才有价值意义。智商的高低体现知识多少，情商的高低体现能力的大小。下面我给大家分享一些高中英语必修四重要知识点，希望能够帮助大家!
高中英语必修四重要知识点1
【重点词汇、 短语 】
1. struggle 斗争
2. expand 使变大，伸展
3. thanks to 幸亏，由于
4. rid 摆脱
5. rid…of 摆脱，除去
6. be satisfied with 对…感到满意
7. would rather 宁愿
8. therefore 因此
9. export 出口
10. regret 后悔，遗憾
11. build up 逐渐增加，建立，开发
12. lead to 导致
13. focus on 集中与
14. rece 减少
15. keep...free from/of 使…免受影响
16. comment 评论，议论
【重点句型】
1. Have you ever grown any plants? If so, whatdid you do to grow them? If not, what kind of plant would you like to trygrowing?
你种过植物吗?如果种过的话，你是怎么 种植 的?如果没有种过的话，你想要尝试种植什么植物?
△ If so 为省略句式，意为“如果是这样的话”，if 用作连词，so 用来代替上文的内容，以避免重复。If not 意为“如果不是这样的话，否则，要不然”，意义与 If so 相反。
2.In1974,he became the first agriculturalpioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.
1974年，他成了世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。
△不定式放在表示次序的词如 the first, the last 以及 the only, the very,the right, the best
等词后面作定语,且与所修饰的名词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
3. Using his hybrid rice, framers are procingharvest twice as large as before. 用他的杂交水稻，农民种出的粮食是以前的两倍。
△“…times as+形容词/副词的原级+as”为常见的倍数表达法，意为“是……的几倍”。
Thisroom is three times as big as that one.
这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
知识拓展
英语中常见的倍数表达法还有：
This room is twice bigger than that one.
=This room is three times the size of that one.
这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。
The output of TV sets in our factory is 15 times that of ten years ago.
= The output …is 15 times what it was tenyears ago.
我们厂电视机的产量是 10 年前的 15 倍。【语法 总结 】主谓一致
动名词
动词的 ing 形式如果是名词，这种形式叫做动名词。动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
一. 动名词的四种形式及其意义
①基本形式：doing (表示主动)
②被动式：being done(表示被动)
③完成式：having done(表示主动和完成)
④完成被动式：having been done(表示被动和完成)例如：
Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.
在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans. Freddy 和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。
I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.
我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。
Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.
很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。
二. 动名词的语法功能
动名词在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语和定语等。
Learning English is very difficult .(作主语)学英语非常困难。
I enjoy dancing.(作动词宾语)我喜欢跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country.(作介词宾语)我已经习惯了住农村。
His job is driving a bus.(作表语)他的工作是开车。
The washing mashine woks well.(作定语)这台洗衣机非常好用。
三. 注意事项
1. 只接动名词(不能接不定式)作宾语的 28 个常用动词
practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit
2. 既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8 个动词 remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做)
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)
regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事(未做)
regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事(已做)
try to do sth. 努力做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
mean to do sth. 计划做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事
go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情
3. it 做形式主语，动名词做真正主语位于句末的重要句型
It is no use/not any use/hardly any use/useless doing It is no good / not muchgood doing
It is no worthwhile doing It is a waste of time doing
高中英语必修四重要知识点2
【重点词汇、短语】
1. human beings 人类
2. campaign 运动，战役
3. behave 行为
4. shade 阴凉处
5. move off 离开，启程
6. observe 观察
7. respect 尊重
8. argue 讨论， 辩论
9. lead a...life 过着…的生活
10. crowd in 涌入脑海
11. support 支持
12. look down upon/on 看不起
13. refer to 查阅，参考，涉及
14. by chance 碰巧
15. come across 偶遇
16. intend 计划，打算
17. deliver 提送，生(小孩)，接生，发表(演说)
18. carry on 继续，坚持
【重点句型】
1. She also discovered how chimps communicatewith each other and her study of their body language helped her work out theirsocial system.
她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩身势语的研究帮助她弄清楚了黑猩猩的社会体系。
△ work out 解决、解答、计算出;产生结果、发展;锻炼;作出、制订出
2. She is leading a busy life but she says …
她过着忙碌的生活，但是她说……
△ lead a …life = live a …life 过……的生活
3. Many people look down upon poor people. 很多人瞧不起穷人。△ look downupon / on 蔑视;轻视;瞧不起
Youmustn’t look down upon/ on the disabled.
你绝不能瞧不起残疾人。
4. If the word group refers to differentmembers, use a plural verb.
如果 group(作主语)指的是各个成员，谓语动词用复数。△ refer to 指的是：提及;谈到;提到;查阅、参考
5. By chance I came across an article about adoctor called Lin Qiao, a specialist in women’s diseases.
很偶然地，我看到了一篇关于林巧稚大夫的 文章 ，她是一名妇科专家。
△ by chance=by accident 偶然地，意外地
6. Why not study at medical college like LinQiao and carry on her good work?
为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她的伟大事业呢?
△ carry on 继续;坚持
高中英语必修四重要知识点3
【重点词汇、短语】
1. be famous for 以…闻名
2. swing 秋千，摇摆
3. no wonder 难怪，不足为奇
4. preserve 保存，保留，保护区
5. be modeled after 仿造
6. advance 前进，促进
7. in advance 提前
8. get close to 接近
9. come to life 活跃起来
【重点句型】
1. Some parks are famous for having the biggestor longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds ofa culture.
有些主题公园拥有最大或最长的过山车而出名，另外一些则以拥有名胜或特色 文化 而闻名。
△此句中含 some...others“有些……有些……”句型，同时用了承上省略的语法方式。
2. It will bring you into a magical world andmake your dreams come true, whether you are traveling through space, visiting apirate ship or meeting your favorite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character.
无论你是在太空遨游，参观海盗船，还是邂逅你喜欢的 童话 故事 或者迪斯尼卡通里的人物，迪斯尼都会把你带到魔幻的世界，使你的梦想变为现实。
△句中 whether…or…的含义是“无论是……还是……;不管是……还是……”，引导让步状语从句。
3. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind ofcandy that American southerners made 150 years ago.
你可以光顾糖果店，在那里品尝到和 150 年前美国南方人制作得一模一样的糖果。△句中 the same …that 意为“和……一样的”，表示前后的事物为同一事物。
辨析：the same…that/the same…as
the same… as 用来表示前后两者的相同或相似，而非同一物品;而 the same…that 表示前后的事物为同一事物。
I want to buy the same dress as you have.
我想买一条和你的一样的裙子。
I want to read the same book that you read.
我想看你看过的书。【语法总结】构词法
一. 转化法(conversion)
在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的 方法 叫做转化法。
1. 动词转化为名词
Let me have a try.
让我试试。
They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school.
在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。
2. 名词转化为动词
He shouldered his way through the crowd.
他用肩膀推开人群前进。
The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.
从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。
3. 形容词转化为动词
We will try our best to better our living conditions.
我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
They tried to perfect the working conditions.
他们努力改善工作条件。
4. 形容词转化为名词
He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong.
他不辨是非。
The old in our village are living a happy life.
我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
5. 形容词转化为副词
How long have you lived there?
你在那儿住多久了?
6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词
Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.
穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。
Lifeis full of ups and downs.
人生有得意时也有失意时。
His argument contains too many ifs and buts.
他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。
二. 合成法(composition)
由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词(compounds)。合成词的写法由习惯决定，可以写在一起，也可以用连词符号连接。
1. 合成名词名词/代词+名词
newspaper blood-test she-wolf
动词+名词
typewriter pickpocket daybreak
形容词+名词 greenhouse highway
副词+名词 overcoat outside
名词+v.-ing/v.-ing +名词
handwriting reading-room freezing-point
动词+副词/ 副词+ 动词
breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome
名词+介词+名词 sister-in-laweditor-in-chief
2. 合成形容词
名词+形容词/形容词+名词
world-famousty-free large-scale long- term 副词+形容词
over-anxious evergreen
名词+过去分词
man-made sun-burnt
名词+现在分词
peace-loving English-speaking
形容词+现在分词
good-looking easy-going
副词+过去分词
well-informed widespread
副词+现在分词
hardworking far-reaching
形容词+名词+ed
warm-hearted absent-minded
数词+名词+ed
three-legged ten-storied
数词+名词
one-way five–star
数词+名词+形容词
ten-year-old 800-meter-long
名词+to+名词
face–to-face door - to -door
3. 合成动词名词+动词 baby-sit sleepwalk
副词+动词
outnumber underestimate overwork
形容词+动词 whitewash
4. 合成副词
形容词+名词
meanwhile anyway
形容词+副词
everywhere anyhow
副词+副词
however
介词+名词
beforehand overhead
介词+副词
forever
5. 合成代词
代词宾格+self/selves herself themselves 物主代词+self/selvesmyself yourselves
形容词+名词 anything nothing
6. 合成介词副词+名词 inside outside
介词+副词 without within
副词+介词 into
三. 派生法
由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。
1. 前缀
除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀
un-unhappy,unfinished,undress
dis-disagree,disbelieve
in[il-(在字母 l 前)，im-(在字母 m,b,p 前)，ir(在字母 r 前)]-inaccurate
illegal,impolite
imbalance,irregular
mis-misbehave,mislead mistake
non-nonstop,nonsmoker
(2)表示其他意义的前缀
en-“使……”
enrich ,enlarge,encourage
inter-“相互”
international,intercontinental
re-“再，又，重”
rethink,retell,recycle
tele-“远程的”
telescope,telephone,telegraph
auto-“自动的”
automatic,automobile
co-“共同”
coworker,cooperate,coexist
anti-“反对，抵抗”
antiwar,antifreeze,antinuclear
multi-“多”
multistory,multicultural,multicolor
bi-“双，二”
bicycle,bilingual,bilateral
micro-“极小的，微小的”
microwave,microcomputer
over-“太多，过分”
overwork,overdo,overestimate
self-“自己，本身”
self-centered,self-confident,self-control
under-“ 在 …… 下面， …… 下的，不足的 ”
underline, underground, underestimate,underrate
2. 后缀
(1)形容词后缀
-able“可……的，具有……的”
acceptable,drinkable,knowledgeable,reasonable
-al“与……有关的”
physical, magical, political
-an“属于某地方的人”
American,African
-ern“方向”
southern, northern, eastern
-ful/less“(没)有……的”
helpful, useful,homeless, hopeless
-ish“如……的;有……特征的”
foolish,childish,selfish
-ive“有……倾向的”
active,attractive,expensive
-en“由……制成的”
golden,wooden,woolen
-ous“有(性质)的” famous,dangerous, poisonous -ly “有……性质的” friendly yearly daily-y“构成形容词” noisy sty cloudy
(2)名词后缀
-er/ or“表人或用具”
farmer, baker, visitor,professor, cooker, container
-ese“某国(人)的”
Chinese, Japanese
-ian“某国、某地人;精通……的人”
musician, Asian, Russian, technician
-ist“某种主义或职业者”
physicist, scientist, communist，socialist
-ess“表女性，雌性”
hostess, actress, princess
-ment“行为或其状态”
government, movement, achievement
-ness“性质，状态”
illness, sadness, carelessness
-tion“动作，过程，结果”
invention, organization, translation
-ance/ence“抽象;行为、性质、状态” importance, appearance, absence, existence -th“性质、情况” depth, warmth, truth
-ful“(满的)量”
handful, spoonful, mouthful
-(a)bility“抽象、性质、状态”
possibility, disability, reliability
-al“过程、状态”
survival, arrival, approval
-y“性质、情况”
modesty, delivery, honesty
-dom“处于……状态;性质”
freedom, boredom
-age“状态，行为，身份及其结果”courage, storage, marriage
(3)动词后缀
-fy/ ify“使得;变得”
simplify, beautify,purify
-en“使成为……;变得”
shorten, deepen, sadden
-ize“使成为”
apologize, realize, specialize
(4)副词后缀
-ly“方式，程度”
freely, truly, angrily
ward(s)“向……”
towards, forward, upwards
(5)数词后缀
-teen“十几”
fourteen, eighteen, thirteen
-ty“整十位数”
forty, fifty, sixty
-th“序数词”
twelfth, twentieth
高中英语必修四重要知识点4
【重点词汇、短语】
1. represent 代表，象征
2. approach 接近，靠近
3. defend 保护，保卫
4. defend against 保卫…以免受
5. likely 可能的
6. be likely to 很可能
7. in general 总的来说，通常
8. ease 安逸，减轻
9. at ease 舒适，自由自在
10. lose face 丢脸
11. turn one’s back to 背对，背弃
【重点句型】
1. The first person to arrive was Tony Garciafrom Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼?家西亚，随后紧跟着的是来自英国的茱莉亚?史密斯。
△ 句中 closely followed by…是过去分词短语作伴随状语，一般现在分词作伴随状语的时候较多，但如果伴随的动作与所修饰的名词构成被动关系，则用过去分词。
2. Not all cultures greet each other the sameway, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance betweenpeople.
各种文化背景下的人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触的程度和相互间距离也并不一样。
△ 本句中 not all“并不是所有的”，是部分否定，在英语中有一些用来表示“全体”或“完全”意义的总括词，如 all, both, every, everything, entirely, completely 等，与 not 连用时，无论 not 在它们前面还是后面，都构成部分否定，意为“并非所有……都”，“并非每一……都”。
3. These actions are not good or bad, but aresimply ways in which cultures have developed.
这些行为都无所谓好坏，只不过是文化发展的不同方式而已。
△ 句中 ways 后面跟的是 in which 引导的定语从句。当先行词是 way 时，后面的定语从句如果缺少方式状语，引导定语从句的引导词有三种方式：inwhich, that 或不用任何引导词。
高中英语必修四重要知识点5
【重点词汇、短语】
1. up to now 直到现在
2. content 满足的，满意的
3. feel/be content with 对…满足
4. badly off 穷的，缺少的
5. entertain 使欢乐，款待
6. overcome 战胜，克服
7. pick out 挑出，辨别出
8. cut off 切断，断绝
9. convince 使信服
10. direct 导演，指挥;直接的
11. star in 担任主角
12. slide 使滑动
13. whisper 耳语，低语
14. react 做出反应，回应
【重点句型】
1. Not that Charlie’s own life was easy!
倒不是说查理自己的生活是轻松的。
△ not that“并非，倒不是说”，用于句首或短语之前，表否定含义。
2. You may find it astonishing that Charlie wastaught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.
你会觉得震惊，卓别林则会讲话的时候就被教 唱歌 ，刚会走路的时候就学跳舞。
△ 此句中 it 作形式宾语，that 从句是真正的主语;astonishing 是动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语，与宾语构成主谓关系。
3.Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off…
不幸地是他的父亲去世了，整个家庭的状况更糟了……
△ 本句中 leaving the family even worse off…为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示顺其自然的结果。
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高中英语必修四知识点1
重要词汇拓展
1 humour n.幽默→humorousadj.幽默的
2 content adj.满足的，满意的n.满足;内容 v.使满足
3 performer n.表演者，演出者→performv.表演;做，履行，执行→performance n.表演，履行
4 astonish v.使惊讶→astonishingadj.令人惊讶的astonished adj.感到惊讶的
5 fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunev.幸运，运气→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunatelyadv.不幸地
6 depressed adj.忧伤的,抑郁的,消沉的，萧条的depress-v使消沉, 使沮丧, 愁苦，使贬值,
7.ordinary adj.平常的，普通的
8.bored adj.厌烦的→bore v.使厌烦→boringadj.令人厌烦的
9.entertain v.使欢乐，款待→entertainmentn.款待;娱乐，消遣
10. throughout prep.遍及，贯穿adv.到处，始终，全部
11.homeless adj 无家可归的，
12.worn adj 用旧的，用坏的，破烂的
13. overcome v.战胜，克服
14. convince v.使信服→convincingadj.令人信服的→convinced adj.相信的，信服的
15. direct v.导演，指示，指挥adj.直的，直接的→director n.导演，指挥→directlyadv.直地，直接地→direction n.指导，方向
16.enjoyment n享乐，欢乐，乐趣
17.outstanding adj.突出的，杰出的，显着的
18.particular adj.特殊的，特别的→particularlyadv.特殊地，特别地
19 occasion n.时刻，场合→occasionaladj.偶尔的，临时的→occasionally adv.偶尔地，有时地
20. slide v./n.滑动，滑行
21.amuse v.使发笑，使愉快→amusedadj.愉快的→amusing adj.逗人发笑的，令人愉快的→amusementn.愉快，快乐
22. whisper v./n.耳语，低声说
23、react v.做出反应，回应→reaction n.反应，回应
高中英语必修四知识点2
重点 短语 梳理
1.break into 闯入，进入
2.up to now 直到现在
3.brighten the lives of 照亮某人的生活道路
4.feel/be content with 对……满足
5.badly off 穷的，缺少的
6.in search of 寻找….
7.pick out 挑选出，辨认出
8.on the edge of 在…边沿
9.cut off 切断，断绝
10.in silence沉默，不作声
11. make use of 使用
12.be angry about 对…很生气
13.star in 担任主角，主演
高中英语必修四知识点3
重点句型再现
1. He made people laugh at a time whenthey felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.
在人们感到沮丧的时候，卓别林使他们开怀大笑，于是人们对自己的生活感到比较满足。
2 No one was ever bored watching him—hissubtle acting made everything entertaining.
看他的表演没有人会感到无聊——他巧妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑。
3 Instead they are hiding in a small hut onthe edge of a mountian ring a snowstorm with nothing to eat.相反，他们被暴风雪困在山边的一个小木屋中，没有任何东西可吃。
(with的复合结构作伴随状语)
高中英语必修四知识点4
语法剖析(动词的-ing形式作定语、表语和补语)
一、动词-ing形式作表语
1. 表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as cleanas possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible isher job)
她的工作是尽量使 报告 厅保持干净。
2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词)
Theproblem is quite puzzling.
这个问题很令困惑。
3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing,disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting,surprising等。
全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是 句子 中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too lateevery night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)
二、动词-ing形式作定语
1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used forreading 阅览室
running shoes =shoes forrunning 跑鞋
a working method =a method for working 工作 方法
②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that aredeveloping发展中国家
an ordinary-looking house = a house thatlooks ordinary看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzlessomebody困扰人的问题
2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
They lived in a house facing south.(=which isfacing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
Do you know the boy playing basket?(=Whois playing basket)你认识在打 篮球 的那个男孩吗?
The man visitingJapan(=the man who is visitingJapan) is my uncle
正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。
三、动词-ing形式作宾补
1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
When we returned, we found a strangerstanding in front of the house.
2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
They found the film very exciting. =The film is found very exciting.
3、能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:
1) 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，(常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice,observe, look at, listen to等)+ sb + doing sth(作宾补)
I felt somebody standing behind me.
2) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词，(常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等)+sb/sth + doing sth (作宾补)
We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。
I won‘t have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
4、see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
We heard the telephonering. We heard the telephone ringing.
前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示(或强调)动作的全过程。
高中英语必修四知识点人教版相关 文章 ：
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★ 高中人教版英语必修四课文重点单词短语及句型
5. 高一必修四的英语知识点
高一英语必修4 各单元语言重点归纳
Unit1 Women of achievement
重要词汇拓展
1 achievement n.成就，功绩→achieve v.达到，完成，实现
2 welfare n 福利事业，福利
3. project n.方案, 计划,, 设计，工程, 企业, 事业，科研项目; 课外自修项目
vi. ①伸出, 突出 ②设想自已处身于(into)
4. specialist n.专家，专业工作者→special adj.特殊的，专门的→specialize vi.专攻，专门从事
5. connection n.连接，关系→connect v.连接
6 campaign n.运动，战役 v.作战，参加运动
7.organization-n 组织，机构，团体 organize—vt.组织;筹备, 成立; 使加入工会，使有条理
8.behave v.举止，表现→behavior n.行为，举止
9. shade n.阴凉处 v.遮住光线
10. worthwhile adj.值得的，值得做的→worth adj.值……，值得……→worthy adj.值得做的，可尊敬的
11. observe v.观察，观测，遵守→observation n.观察，观测
12. respect v./n.尊敬，尊重，敬意→respectable adj.值得尊敬的，正派的，体面地→respectful adj.有礼貌的，恭敬的
13. argue .v.争论，辩论→argument n.争论，辩论 argued-adj 引起争论的
14.entertainment-n 款待，娱乐 entertain-v 款待；招待，娱乐，抱有，怀着（想法、疑问）
15. crowd n.人群，观众 v.挤满，使拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的
16. inspire v.鼓舞，激发→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的，有灵感的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人的→inspiration n.鼓舞，灵感
17 support v.支持，拥护→supporter n.支持者，拥护者
18.refer-vi 谈到，查阅，参考
19.intend v.计划，打算→intention n.打算，目的，意图
20.considerate adj.考虑周到的→consider v.考虑，认为→consideration n考虑，体谅→considering prep考虑到
21.kind –adj 仁慈的，和善的，友爱的kindness –n 仁慈，好意，善良
22.deliver v.递送，生（小孩），接生，发表（演讲等）→delivery n.投递，交货，分娩
23.modest –adj 谦虚的，谦让的，适度的
重点短语梳理
1 devote…to 把……奉献给
2 human beings 人类
3 move off 离开，启程，出发
4 lead a…life 过着……的生活
5 crowd in 涌上心头，涌入脑海
6 look down on/ upon 蔑视，瞧不起
7 refer to 查阅，参考，谈到
8 by chance 碰巧，凑巧
9 come across 偶遇，碰见
10 carry on 继续，坚持
11．dress in 穿着… dress as 打扮成…
12.fight for 为….而战
13.put to death判死刑
14. concern oneself with…关注… 注意…
15.devote one’s life to 把生命献给…
16. in the shade of 在…的树荫下，在…的庇护下
17.gain doctor’s degree 获得博士学位
18. be considered as 被看做….
19.take turns to do sth 采取步骤做某事
20.do research on… 做…方面的研究
21．Be placed second to 位于次要位置，仅次于…
22. by now 直到现在
重点句型再现
1 She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.
她花去多年的时间观察和记录它们的日常活动。
2 Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.
她的母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙；这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
3 She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisement.
她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。
4.It seem that she had been very busy in her chosen carrer travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles 看起来他忙于所选择的和写作一样的到国外研究。
5.Further reading made me realise that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.
进一步阅读使我了解到，时苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进医学院的大门。
Units 2 Working the land
重要词汇拓展
1 sunburn v.日晒，晒黑→sunburnt adj.晒黑的
2 struggle v./n.挣扎，奋斗，努力
3 decade n.十年，十年期
4 super n.冗员, 额外人员; [口]特级品, 特大号商品; 超级市场adj特级的, 极好的, 非凡的
5. hunger n.饥饿，渴望/v.使饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的；渴望的
6.output-n 产量，输出，input 输入，消费
7.disturbing –adj 引起烦恼的，令人不安的，disturb-v 打扰，麻烦
8.expand-vt.扩大, 扩展,张开, 使发, 详谈; 引伸
9-circulate v.循环，流通→circulation n.循环，流传
10. battle n.战役，战斗 v.搏斗，奋斗
11. therefore adv.因此，所以
12. rid vt 摆脱，除去
13.freedom –n 自由，自主 free –adj 自由的，免费的
14.equip v.配备，装备→equipment n.设备
15. export v.输出，出口 n.输出（品）→import v.输入，进口 n.进口（品）
16.nationality-n 国籍，national –adj 国家的，民族的 nation-n 国家
17.occupation-n 工作，职业，占领 occupy-v占用，使从事，把注意力集中于...占领, 占据
18.confuse v.使迷惑，使为难→confused adj.感到迷惑的 confusing adj.令人迷惑的
19 regret v./n.后悔，遗憾→regretful adj.后悔的，遗憾的
20.proction-n生产，制造，proctive 可生产的，可制造的，proce –v 生产，制造
21.discovery-n 发现，发觉，discover-v 发现，
22.focus –v 集中，聚焦，n 焦点，中心点
23. rece v.减少，缩减→rection n.减少，缩减
24 comment n./v.评论，议论
重点短语梳理
1 if not 如果不…. If so 如果这样，
2.consider oneself sth 自认为是… considered sb sth 认为某人是…
3.since then 从那时起
4.search for a way to do sth 寻找做某事的途径。
5.thanks to 幸亏，由于，因为
6.rid…of… 摆脱，除去 get rid of 除去…
7. be satisfied with 对……感到满意
8 would rather 宁愿，宁可
9with the hope of 满怀希望..
10.get r build up 逐渐增强，建立，开发
11.cause damage to 对… 造成危害。
12.build up 增强，强大
13. lead to 导致，造成
14. focus on 集中（注意力、精力等）于
15. keep…from/of 使……免受（影响、伤害等）；使……不含（有害物
重点句型再现
1 Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.
袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。
2 The special strain of rice makes it possible to proce one-third more of the crop in the same field.
这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。
3 Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.
袁博士要在不增加土地面积的基础上寻求达到增收稻谷的途径。
4 Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life.袁博士对生活非常满足。
5. It’s a great pity that 很遗憾的是….
6.for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.在过去的5年里，他为他们而战。
7.Using his hybrid rice ，farmers are procing harvest twice as large as before由于使用了他的杂质水稻，农民的丰收是以前的两倍。
Unit 3 A taste of English humour
重要词汇拓展
1 humour n.幽默→humorous adj.幽默的
2 content adj.满足的，满意的 n.满足；内容 v.使满足→contented/satisfied（同义词）
3 performer n.表演者，演出者→perform v.表演；做，履行，执行→performance n.表演，履行，成绩
4 astonish v.使惊讶→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonished adj.感到惊讶的→astonishment n.惊讶
5 fortunate adj.幸运的→fortune v.幸运，运气 unfortunate adj.不幸的→fortunately adv.幸运地unfortunately adv.不幸地
6 depressed adj.忧伤的,抑郁的,消沉的，萧条的depress-v使消沉, 使沮丧, 愁苦，使贬值,
7.ordinary adj.平常的，普通的
8.bored adj.厌烦的→bore v.使厌烦→boring adj.令人厌烦的
9.entertain v.使欢乐，款待→entertaining adj.愉快的，有趣的→entertainment n.款待；娱乐，消遣
10. throughout prep.遍及，贯穿adv.到处，始终，全部
11.homeless-adj 无家可归的，
12.worn-adj 用旧的，用坏的，破烂的 wear 穿戴
13. overcome v.战胜，克服
14. convince v.使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.相信的，信服的
15. direct v.导演，指示，指挥 adj.直的，直接的→director n.导演，指挥→directly adv.直地，直接地→direction n.指导，方向
16.enjoyment –n享乐，欢乐，乐趣
17.outstanding adj.突出的，杰出的，显着的
18.particular adj.特殊的，特别的→particularly adv.特殊地，特别地
19 occasion n.时刻，场合→occasional adj.偶尔的，临时的→occasionally adv.偶尔地，有时地
20. slide v./n.滑动，滑行
21.amuse v.使发笑，使愉快→amused adj.愉快的→amusing adj.逗人发笑的，令人愉快的→amusement n.愉快，快乐
22. whisper v./n.耳语，低声说
23、react v.做出反应，回应→reaction n.反应，回应
重点短语梳理
1．Break into 闯入，进入
2．up to now 直到现在
3．brighten the lives of 照亮某人的生活道路
4．feel/be content with 对……满足
5．badly off 穷的，缺少的
6．In search of 寻找….
7．pick out 挑选出，辨认出
8．on the edge of 在…边沿
9．cut off 切断，断绝
10．In silence沉默，不作声
11. make use of 使用
12.be angry about 对…很生气
13.star in 担任主角，主演
重点句型再现
1 He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.
在人们感到沮丧的时候，卓别林使他们开怀大笑，于是人们对自己的生活感到比较满足。
2 No one was ever bored watching him—his subtle acting made everything entertaining.
看他的表演没有人会感到无聊——他巧妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑。
3 Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountian ring a snowstorm with nothing to eat.
相反，他们被暴风雪困在山边的一个小木屋中，没有任何东西可吃。
Unit4 Body language
重要词汇拓展
1. statement; n. 陈述；说明 state-vt. 陈述；叙述；声明
2.greet-v问候，迎接，打招呼greeting –n敬礼，致意 greetings 问候语，致词
3.represent-v.代表，象征representative -n. 代表
4.. association; n. 社团；联系；联想associate;vt. 使发生联系, 使联合adj. associated联合的, 关联的
5. curious adj. 好奇的curiously adv. 好奇地
6.dormitory –n 宿舍
7. approach; vi.&vt.接近；靠近 n.接近；方法；途径. approachable -adj. 可到达的；可亲近的
8. defend -vt. 保护；保卫 defense- n. 防卫；防卫设备；防御
9. major--adj. 主要的minor --adj. 较小的；次要的
10．dash-v 猛冲，突进.
11.misunderstand -vt. 误解；误会misunderstanding -n. 误解；误会
understanding --n. 谅解, 理解
12.alt-n成人，成年人 adj 成人的，成熟的
13. spoken- adj. 口语的 unspoken-adj. 非口语的；未说出口的
14. function-n 作用，动能，只能 v-起作用，运转
15.likely-- adj. 可能的
16.false—adj 错误的，假的 true 真的，正确的
17.ease--n. 安逸；舒适vt.减轻（痛苦；忧虑）easeful--adj.舒适的, 安逸的
18. truly-- adv. 真实地；真诚地；真正地true--adj. 真实的, 真正的
19. anger- n. 怒气；怒火 angry-- adj. 生气的重要词汇拓展答案
重点短语梳理
1. defend against保卫…以免受
2.intruce sb to sb 向某人介绍某人
3.kiss sb on some part亲吻某人的某个部位
4.in defence 防御，保障
5.together with 与某人一起
6.be likely to 很可能…；有希望…
7.reach one’s hand out to sth 把手伸出来取某物
8.on the contrary 相反
9.nod at sb 向某人点头
10.greet sb with/by 通过…向某人问候
11.express one’s feelings表达某人的感情
12. in general 总的来说；通常
13.at a job fair 在求职会上
14.be nervous about 对… 感到紧张
15. at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
16. lose face丢脸
17.turn one’s back to 背对；背弃
18.turn one’s head away 把头转过去
19.be willing to 渴望…. , 愿意….
20. look upset about sth 对.. 感到沮丧
重点句型再现
1. I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.
我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。
2. The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.
第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼•加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的茱莉亚•史密斯。
3. She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defense.
她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。
4. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, Nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people.
各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距的程度也不尽相同。
5. We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do.
尽管我们常常会彼此误解，但我们仍能做到彼此理解，这真是件令人惊奇的事。
Unit 5 Theme parks
重要词汇拓展
1central- adj. 中心的；中央的 centre- n. 中心；中央
2. various- adj. 不同的；各种各样的 variety- n. 多样性；（植物）品种 vary-v使..多样化
3.whichever-pron 无论哪一个，任何一个
4.fantasy-- n. 幻想；怪念头fantastic adj. 奇异的；稀奇古怪的fantast n. 幻想家；
5.amusement-. n. 消遣；娱乐（活动）amuse-vt.使发笑；使愉快amused--adj. 愉快的,
6.swing-- n. 秋千；摇摆 vt.&vi.(swung, swung) 摇摆；摆动
7.attaction_ n. 有吸引力的事物；吸引attract-vt.吸引 attractive- adj. 吸引人的
8.tourism--n. 旅游业 tourist- n. 旅行者, 旅游者
9.whereever-pron 无论是什么地方，各处
10.unique-- adj. 独一无二的；仅有的uniquely--adv. 独特地；唯一地
11.engine—引擎，发动机
12.preserve-vt 保存，保留 n保护区 presevation-n保护，保留
13.length-n 长度，长，long-adj 长的
14. sword-n 剑
15.settle-v 定居，安顿下来 settler-n 移民者，殖民者
16.athletic--adj. 运动的athlete- n. 运动员；运动选手 –athletics- n.体育(运动);
17.translator-n. 译员；翻译translate; vt. 翻译; translation n. 翻译；译文
18. minority;-n. 少数；少数民族minor adj. 较小的；次要的majority n. 多数；
19. advance; vt.&vi. 前进；促进；提前advanced--adj. 高级的；年老的；先进的
20. admission -n. 允许进入；入场费admit vt.承认；容许；承认；接纳
21．Freeway 高速公路
22. souvenir纪念品
重点短语梳理
1. be famous for 以…而闻名
2. no wonder （that）难怪；不足为奇
3. be modeled after 根据…模仿；仿造
4. in advance 提前
5. get close to 接近
6. come to life 活跃起来
7.be familiar with 熟悉，熟知
8. make available for 使….可供…之用。
重点句型再现
1. Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!
不论你喜欢哪个，喜欢什么，总会有适合你的主题公园。
2. With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.
有这么多引人入胜的东西，难怪哪里有迪斯尼乐园，哪里的旅游业就会发展。
3. To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England, come to Camelot Park!
想进入古英格兰的梦幻世界吗？那就来卡默洛特公园吧！
4. Futuroscope is not onlyfor indivials, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings.
“观测未来”不仅仅适合个人（旅游），也适合学生全班出游，因为它是娱乐和学习完美的结合。
5. If driving, Futuroscope is within easy reach of the freeway.如果开车，“观测未来”就在高速公路附近。
6. 高二英语必修四知识点
知识掌握的巅峰，应该在一轮复习之后，也就是在你把所有知识重新捡起来之后。这样看来，应对高二这一变化的较优选择，下面给大家带来一些关于 高二英语 必修四知识点，希望对大家有所帮助。
高二英语必修四知识点1
1. amuse
“课文原句”Parks provide people with a place to amuse themselves and to escape their busy lives for a while. (P33)
“名师点拨”amuse vt. 意为“使高兴;使开心”，和please(取悦于;让……高兴)是 近义词 。amuse oneself意为“自娱自乐;消遣”。amuse的名词形式是amusement.如：I think it amuses him to see people make fools of themselves. I bought a magazine to amuse myself while I was on the train. They are more than amusement parks with rides， such as a Ferris wheel， merry-go-round or a roller coaster. (P33)
Carl came last in the race， much to my amusement.“知识拓展”amused adj. 意为“逗乐的;觉得好笑的”，常用be amused (at / by sth)，指“觉得有趣;好笑;以……为乐”。如：She was very amused by / at your comments. Amused by the flying kites， the child stopped crying.
2. various
“课文原句”Though parks share this basic purpose， they find various ways to meet this need. (P33)
“名师点拨”various adj. 意为“不同的;各种各样的”，相当于different kinds of，后接复数名词。如：At the meeting， the people present expressed their various opinions. The students were late for various reasons.“知识拓展”various是由动词vary(变化)派生而来的形容词，它的副词形式是variously.variety是名词，意为“有变化”，用a variety of表示“各种各样的;多种多样的”，后接复数名词，可与various互用。如：These new parks have a variety of things to see and do. (P33)
3. charge
“课文原句”They all charge money for admission， and for the rides and shows in the park. (P33)
“名师点拨”charge通常作及物动词，意为“收(费);索(价)”，此时charge后接宾语(被收费的对象)和钱数;如果接购买的商品或 其它 原因，用for连接。如：I‘ll charge you five dollars. How much do you charge for a haircut?
charge还可以表示“把……归咎于(to， on， upon);告发;在控告(with)”。如：Bob was charged with the murder， but he refused to admit it.
“知识拓展”charge作名词时，构成许多固定搭配：in charge(主管);in charge of(负责某事);in the charge of(由……管);take charge of(负责管理)。如：The doctor in charge told us to be calm. Who is in charge of the school instead of Mr Black?
The factory has been in the charge of the new boss for five months. Can you take charge of this class please， Miss Li?
4. profit
“课文原句”The big companies that own them parks except to make a profit not just by the charges for admission… (P33)
“名师点拨”profit n.意为“利润;经济上的好处”，既可数也不可数，用作复数的场合较多;也可译为“好处;益处(不可数)”。make a profit指“获得利润”。如：Tom said he would give up his profits if there were no explanations to give him. She makes a big profit from selling waste material to textile companies.“知识拓展”profit也可作及物或不及物动词，profit by意为“从……中得到好处”。如：You must make it clear what it will profit me. You may profit by the experience of others.
5. advance
“课文原句”… and there are future parks， where people can go on imaginary trips to space and use advanced computer techniques to experience life in the future. (P34)
“名师点拨”advanced adj. 意为“高级的;先进的”，其动词形式是advance，可作及物动词或不及物动词，意为“推进;促进;提前”。如：The Party Committee is going to advance our career to a new stage. (及物动词)
The date of the meeting has been advanced from Friday to Monday. (及物动词)
After having studied abroad for three years， they didn‘t advance in knowledge at all. (不及物动词)
高二英语必修四知识点2
过去分词做状语
Worriedaboutthejourney,.
Well-knownfortheirexpertise,hisparents’company…..
Confusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.
Exhausted,.
过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。vt过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。
Heated,waterchangesintosteam.
Theprofessorcamein,followedbyagroupofyoungpeople.
1作原因状语，等于as/since/because引导从句
Movedbywhatshesaid,wecouldn’thelpcrying.=(Aswearemovedbywhatshesaid…
2作时间状语，等于when引导时间从句，如果分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，可在分词前加when/while/until等使时间意义更明确。
Whenheated,watercanbechangedintosteam.
Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.=(Whentheparkisseenfromthehill…
3作条件状语等于if/whether引导从句
Givenmoreattention,.=(….
Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo=(Ifwearecomparedwithyou…
4作方式或伴随状语
Theactresscamein,followedbyherfans.
Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.
5作让步状语
Muchtired,hestillkeptonworking.=(Althoughhewastired,)he….
6独立主格结构：当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时，分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随情况。
Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.
Allthingsconsidered,.
Rewritewithproperconjunctions
Example:Unitedwestand,dividedwefall.
Ifweareunited,wewillstand,butifwearedivided,wewillfall.
1Askedwhathadhappened,hetolsaboutit.
→Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,…
2Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,.
→,…
3Givenmoretime,.
Ifweweregivenmoretime,
4OncetranslatedintoChinese,.
,
5Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.
,
6Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.
Althoughhewasleftaloneathome,
现在分词与过去分词作状语
现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，;而过去分词与其逻辑主语之间则表示被动关系。
Seeingthesepictures,Icouldn’.Seenfromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.(see)
选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：
Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.
在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用
注意:1.系表示主语所处的状态
_____inthought,.(lose)
______inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)
belostin
bedressedin
beinterestedin
bedevotedto
besupposedto?becaughtintherain
beseatedin
bepreparedfor
bedeterminedto
2.不与主语保持一致的固定结构
generallyspeaking一般说来
strictly/franklyspeaking严格地说/坦白地说
judgingfrom从…判断
allthingsconsidered从整体来看
全面看来
例如：Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generallyspeaking,dogscanrunfasterthanpigs.
总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。(speaking不是dogs的动作)
Practice
1..P.oftherightverb.
1________bynoisesinthenight,.
2Theladyreturnedhome,________bytwopolicemen.
3Afterhavingbeen_________carefully,theroomwaslockedagain.
4.______in1949,.
5_____fromadistance,.
6If_____inaburningbuilding,youshouldsendforhelp.
7Although______intheleg,hecontinuedfiringatthepolice.
练习
1____time,hewillmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.
2___in1636,.
ABeingfoundedBItwasfounded
CFoundedDFounding
3Unless__tospeak,.
AinvitedBinviting
CbeinginvitedDhavinginvited
4___,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.
AHehadbeentoldmanytimes
BHavingbeentoldmanytimes
CToldmanytimes
5Whenfirst___tothemarket,.
AintrocingBintroced
CintroceDbeingintroced
6Thereseemedtobenothing___todobut___forthedoctor.
Aleave/sendBleft/tosend
Cleft/sendDleaving/send
作介词but,expect,besides的宾语，前面又有实意动词do时，不定式通常省去to
7____everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere___themselves.
AHunting/hidingBTohunt/tohide
CHunted/hidingDHunted/tohide
8.The___morning,,___byhisnaughtyboy.
A.following,followingB.followed,followed
C.following,followedD.followed,following
9.Mrs.Whitewasgladtoseethenurse______careofinthenursery.
A.looked;takenB.looking;taken
C.looked;tookD.looking;taking
10.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.
A.beingtiedB.havingtied
C.tobetiedD.tied
11.___moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.
A.GivenB.Togive
C.GivingD.Havinggiven
高二英语必修四知识点3
1.非谓语动词的构成和语法功能及用法对比。
2.非谓语动词的完成式、被动式的用法和特点。
3.非谓语动词的复合结构及否定形式。
4.不定式与动名词，动名词与现在分词，现在分词与过去分词，分词作状语与独立结构等用法对比。
5.不定式和动名词在及物动词后作宾语的区别是考查的 热点 。
6.过去分词作定语，不定式和分词作宾语补足语的用法。
7.不定式标志to和介词to的用法判断等。
8.带to与不带to的不定式的用法及区别。
考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别
英语 句子 至少应该包括主语与谓语两部分, 而多数情况下谓语都由动词来充当。如果对句子成分划分不清，把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆, 做题效果可想而知。要克服这一毛病，关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。如：
1. The children (play) _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week.
根据句子结构，我们可以看出这是一个简单句。主语是The children，谓语部分是will go on the stage，动词play显然在句中不作谓语，应用非谓语动词形式。依据play与它的逻辑主语children之间的主动关系以及拉小提琴动作正在进行，可以判断用现在分词作定语修饰children，意为“正在那边拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正确答案为playing。
考点二、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析
作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析，即是选择动词不定式、现在分词还是过去分词作状语, 不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同。 动词不定式主要作目的、结果和原因状语;现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语，两者不同之处在于：现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它们之间的关系是主动关系，而过去分词作状语时，虽然它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语，但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。请看下面例题：
1.____tired of Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.
A) To get B) To have got
C) Getting D) Have got
一般来说，在句子中没有连接词的情况下, 逗号是无力连接两个句子的。据此，首先可以确定 这是一个简单句，非谓语动词 短语 放在句首作状语。依据非谓语动词短语get tired of与其逻辑主语Julia之间的主动关系，以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，没有明显的先后顺序，可以断定应用现在分词一般式作原因状语,即“由于厌倦了Tom只说不做的工作态度”，故正确答案为C。
考点三、考查非谓语动词逻辑主语的分辨
非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但仍然有自己逻辑上的主语。历年各种考试的重点在于正确分辨非谓语动词的逻辑主语是什么，两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系，特别是非谓语动词作状语的时候。我们知道，当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候，一般来说，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，那么，当它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，又会出现什么现象呢?请看下面例题：
1. The last bus (go)____, we had to walk home.
2. Weather (permit)____, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening.
这两个非谓语动词短语的逻辑主语都不是句子的主语，而是分别有它自己的逻辑主语，即“是 末班车开走了，而不是我们走了”,“是天气允许,而不是飞船允许”，这种现象或结构就是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动关系,正确答案分别为having gone和permitting。
请再看下面例题：
3. The work (finish) _____, they may go home.
4. The problem (discuss) _____ at the meeting- room now, the workers had to wait outdoors.
同样，这两道题的结构也是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的被动关系以及非谓语动词所表示动作发生的时间性，可以判断正确答案分别为finished(已完成)和being discussed(正在进行)。
考点四、考查非谓语动词时态与语态的把握
非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但它仍然具有动词的特征，即可以有自己的主语(逻辑主语),也可以有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的。一般情况下，如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生, 就用非谓语动词的一般式或进行式(侧重强调动作正在进行);如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，就用非谓语动词的完成式(特别强调动作发生的先后)。非谓语动词的语态在于正确把握非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。例如：
____ that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.
A) Heard B) Having heard
C) Hear D) To hear
依据非谓语动词hear与其逻辑主语his friends之间的主动关系，以及前后句的逻辑关系，可以断定用现在分词形式来作时间状语，再根据现在分词的动作“听说”发生在主要谓语动词“来”之前，由此判断应该用现在分词的完成式(只用作状语时使用)，意为“听说Bob已得到提升，他的朋友都来向他表示祝贺”，故正确答案为B。
考点五、考查非谓语动词作主语时句式的转变
非谓语动词(动词不定式或动名词)作主语主要考查其句式的转变，习惯上通常把it作为形式主语放在句首，作题时要善于分辨这种形式上的转变。请看下面例题：
1. It is an honour for me (be) _____ your English teacher.
2. It is no use of us (wait) _____ at home like this.
根据对句式的分析，可以判断出It是形式主语,真正的主语由非谓语动词(动词不定式或动名词)来充当。依据表语的特性以及句式的特点,我们可以断定第1题应该填动词不定式，即to be，第2题应该填动名词，即waiting。
六、考查作定语的非谓语动词的判断
非谓语动词作定语主要考查非谓语动词作后置定语的情况，这里关键要把握住非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为,以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间性，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。一般来说，用现在分词一般式作定语往往表示动作是主动行为且正在进行当中，如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中，就用现在分词一般式的被动语态;用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成; 用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，如果是被动行为，就用动词不定式一般式的被动语态。 例如：
1. The boy (cry)____ over there is my younger brother.
依据cry与它的逻辑主语The boy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行，所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy，因而正确答案为crying。
【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案
1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______a good college.
A. enter。mB. to enter
C. entering。mD. entered
2He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope。mB. hope
C. hoping。mD. hoped
3.He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.
A. practise。mB. to practise
C. practising。mD. practised
4.Before going abroad he devoted all he could _______ his oral English.
A. improve。mB. to improve
C. improvingD. to improving
5. He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.
高二英语必修四知识点4
一、不定式做主语：
1、不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。===动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。
e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.
To do such things is foolish.
To see is to believe. (对等)
注: 1). 不定式作主语时,谓语用单数
2). 当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
it做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
(1)It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…
(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do…
It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary
(3) it is +a +名词+ to do...
It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s ty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do
It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…
It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…
-注意: probable 和 possible 均可作表语，但possible可以用不定式作真实主语， 而probable不能用不定式作真实主语。
It is probable for him to come to the meeting.(错)
It is possible for him to come to the meeting.
It is possible / probable that he will come to the meeting.
二、不定式做表语
主语是以aim ty hope idea intention plan job suggestion wish purpose task 等为中心词的名词词组 或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容, 不定式作表语常表示将来或现在的动作或状态。
eg :My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.
Your mistake was not to write that letter.
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
三 、动词不定式作宾语
以不定式结构为宾语的动词有：
ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用动词不定式作宾语
口诀(接不定式作宾语的动词)
想要学习 早打算( want learn plan)
快准备 有希望( prepare hope wish expect)
同意否 供选择(agree offer choose)
决定了 已答应(decide be determined promise)
尽力去 着手做(manage undertake)
别拒绝 别假装(refuse pretend)
失败不是属于你(fail)
e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen.
We hope to get there before dark.
The girl decided to do it herself.
-注意:某些及物动词可用-ing也可用动词不定式作宾语但意义不同的有
stop go on remember forget
regret try mean can’t help
be used to
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必修4 Unit1 Women of achievement知识点讲解
重点词汇
1. achieve
【课文原句】She has achieved everything she wanted to do… (P3)
【名师点拨】achieve v. 意为“完成；达到”，指经过长期努力而达到某目标、地位或标准等。其名词形式为achievement，意为“成就；功绩”，a sense of achievement可指“成就感”。如：
He had finally achieved success.
Even a small success gives you a sense of achievement.
2. condition
【课文原句】She helped improve prison conditions and gave prisoners work and ecation. (P1)
【名师点拨】condition 意为“环境；境况；条件”时，是可数名词，常用复数形式conditions；意为“状态；状况”时，是不可数名词，be in good condition表示“处于良好的状态”，be out of condition表示“健康状况不佳”。如：
We should pay more attention to the poor living under the bad conditions.
The astronauts soon got used to the condition of weightlessness.
My car is old but in good condition.
He is overweight and out of condition.
【知识拓展】condition意为“条件”时，常用短语on condition that，表示“如果；在……条件下”；在美国英语中，也经常用under the condition that。如：
I will come on condition that Peter is invited.
They agreed under the condition that the matter be dealt with quickly.
3. devote
【课文原句】She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. (P1)
【名师点拨】devote vt. 意为“投入于；献身”，其宾语后常与介词to搭配，to后接名词、代词或动名词。devote … to … 意为“献身；致力于”，指把自己、时间、精力等奉献给某种工作或事业。如：
He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.
The girl, to whom he was devoted, died in a traffic accident by chance.
After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening.
4. behave
【课文原句】Jane has studied these animals for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. (P2)
【名师点拨】behave vi & vt. 意为“举动；举止；行为表现”，如behave well / badly等。其名词形式为behaviour，指“行为；态度；举止”。如：
The parents encouraged the children to behave well in front of the guests.
My camera has been behaving well since it was repaired.
Everyone praises the children's good behaviour.
5. worthwhile
【课文原句】But the evening makes it all worthwhile. (P2)
【名师点拨】worthwhile adj.意为“值得做的；值得出力的”，可作表语或定语。be worthwhile to do / doing sth表示“值得做……”，在动词-ing形式的结构中，worthwhile有时可以用来替代worth，特别是在表示“值得花时间”这一概念时。如：
I think teaching school is always a worthwhile job.
The book referred to by the professor is worthwhile / worth reading.
6. observe
【课文原句】Jane spent many years observing and recording their daily activities. (P2)
【名师点拨】observe vt. 意为“观察；观测；遵守”，可用observe sb do sth，observe + that从句。其名词形式为observation。如：
I observed the man who murdered the boy enter the shop.
He observed that we should probably have rain.
Most information was collected by direct observation of the animals’ behaviour.
7. argue
【课文原句】She has argued for them to be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. (P2)
【名师点拨】argue作动词时，意为“争论；争吵；争辩”。argue for意为“为……辩护”；argue with sb about / over sth指“就某事和某人争论”；argue against意为“据理反对；争辩……”。如：
It is no use arguing for the plan because it has been rejected.
We are always arguing with each other about money.
Father argued fiercely against any increase in expenditure for the children’s annual party.
【知识拓展】argue的名词形式为argument，意为“争论；争端；论证”，常构成短语settle an argument指“解决争端”。
9. care for
【课文原句】It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies by following some rules for keeping babies clean and healthy. (P6)
【名师点拨】care for可以表示look after的意思，意为“照顾；照料”，且较正式；也可表示“喜欢”的意思。如：
His son cared for him when he was ill.
In fact, I don’t really care for basketball.
另外，在上面的句子中，explain意为“解释，说明”，后可接名词、代词、从句或wh + to do作宾语，可用explain sth to sb或explain to sb sth。如：
Will you explain to us how we can finish the work as soon as possible?
【知识拓展】care about意为“介意；在乎”，表示是否认为某事是重要的，某事是否引起了某人的兴趣或使其忧虑。最常用于疑问句或否定句中。about用在宾语前面，但是在连词前面一般省掉。
I don’t care about your opinion.
I don’t care whether it rains — I’m happy.
10. intend
【课文原句】I looked carefully at the text and realised that it was intended for women who lived in the countryside. (P6)
【名师点拨】intend v. 意为“打算；计划；想要”。intend to do sth意为“想干某事”；intend后也可以接动词-ing形式或that从句。intend for表示“原打算给某人；准备让……干……”。如：
I intended to come to your house last night but it rained.
I intend coming / to come back soon.
He hadn’t really intended that they should be there.
This gift is intended for you.
热点语法
主谓一致用法难点小结：
一、集合名词作主语时的主谓一致。
1. 集合名词有family, team, group, party, class, public, club, crew, crowd, enemy, audience, company, committee, government, population等，当被看作一个整体时，表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式；如果这些集合名词指其中的每个成员，表示复数意义，谓语动词则用复数形式。即谓语动词的单复数要与主语的含义相一致。如：
My class is a big one, including thirty boys and thirty girls.
My class are working hard for the coming exam.
2. 有些集合名词作主语时，谓语只能用复数形式，如：people, the police, the military, mankind, cattle等。如：
The police are searching for the lost child.
二、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致。
不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：
Everything goes well with me.
Each of the students in our class has an English-Chinese dictionary.
三、“名词＋名词”作主语时的主谓一致。
当表示同一人物或观点时，谓语动词用单数。如：A novelist and playwright is coming to our school. 这里表示“一位小说家兼剧作家”，是同一个人，所以谓语动词用单数。
如果是A novelist and a playwright作主语，这时表示“一位小说家和一位剧作家”，是两个人，所以谓语动词用复数，该句应改为：A novelist and a playwright are coming to our school.
四、The ＋ adj.作主语时的主谓一致。
当The ＋ adj.表示抽象的含义时，谓语动词用单数。如：The beautiful is the true.
当The ＋ adj.表示该类全体的含义时，谓语动词用复数。如：The rich should help the poor.
必修4 Unit 2 Working the land 知识点讲解
Unit2 Working the land
Phrases and Idioms
1. be satisfied (with): pleased because you have got what you want
1) Jane isn't quite satisfied with the way the barber cut her hair.
2) If you are not completely satisfied, you can get your money back.
3) I am not really satisfied with the job you did.
2. refer to : a) mention or speak about someone or something
b) to look at a hook map, piece of paper, etc, for information
1) We agreed never to refer to the matter again.
2) Although she didn't mention any names, everyone knew who she was referring to.
3) He gave the speech without referring to his notes even once.
3. would rather: used to say what someone prefers
1) It seems you would rather play than work.
2)She would rather die than lose the children.
3) I would rather starve than be dependent on anyone again.
4. thanks to sb/ sth : because of sb./ sth.
1) I was late thanks to the heavy traffic.
2) It was thanks to his advice that I succeeded.
3) We've collected $50,000 for the poor, thanks to the generosity of the public.
5. rid of sb/sth: become free of
1) Will science- finally rid us of this disease?
2) Do you think it possible to rid the world of nuclear weapons?
3) By working hard day and night, she is trying to rid herself of loneliness and sadness.
6. lead a ...life: live in the way what you life is like
1) Before liberation, my grandpa led a dog's life.
2) If the operation succeeds, the patient will be able to lead a normal life.
3) Mrs. Black is retired and leads a quiet and peaceful life in a mountain village.
7. care about: love; be interested in; be concerned with
1) Just listening to somebody shows you care about them.
2) Your parents are only doing this because they care about you.
3) The only thing this rich- and greedy man seems to care about is money.
8. insist on sth/doing sth: to demand that something must be done or that you must have a particular thing
1) The school insists on good behaviour from its students.
2) John insisted on doing all the work himself, though he was in poor health.
3) The old man insisted on helping me find a taxi even though I told him I didn't need any help.
必修4 Unit3 A taste of humor 知识点讲解
Unit3重点汇集
1. content
【课文原句】Perhaps it makes us feel more content with our life because we feel there is someone else worse off than ourselves. (P17)
【名师点拨】content adj.意为“满足的；满意的”，be content to do意为“乐意去做某事”；be content with sb / sth意为“对某人或某事感到满意”，相当于be pleased with或be satisfied with。如：
I’m content to help you to set up a website on the Internet.
Those who are not content with the progress they have made will have greater success.
注：worse off是badly off的比较级，意思是“境况比……更差”；better off意为“境况比……好”。如：
To my surprise, I found his living conditions were much worse off than mine.
With the development of economy, more and more people are better off.
【知识拓展】content还可作动词，意为“使满足”；作名词时，表示“满足；心满意足”，也可表示“（书、报纸等的）内容；目录；含量”。如：
My explanation seemed to content him.
Now she began to live in peace and content.
We've discussed the unusual form of the book — now, what about the content?
8. 高中英语必修4重点词汇短语汇总
必修4 Unit1 重点单词
1.achieve vt.完成；达到
2.achievement n.成就；功绩
3.condition n.条件；状况
4.welfare n.福利；福利事业
5.connection n.连接；关系；亲戚
6.campaign n.运动；战役；活动vi.作战；参加运动
7.organization n.组织；机构；团体
8.specialist n.专家
9.devote vt.投入于；献身
10.behave vt.&vi.举止；举动；行为表现
11.behavior n.行为；举止；习性
12.worthwhile adj.值得做的；值得出力的
13.observe vt.观察；观测；遵守
14.observation n.观察；观测
15.respect vt.&n.尊重；尊敬；敬意
16.argue vi.争论；辩论；vt.争论；说服
17.entertainment n.款待；娱乐；娱乐表演
18.inspire vt.鼓舞；感动；激发；启示
19.support vt.&n.支持；拥护
20.communication n.通讯；通信；交流
21.strike vt.&vi.打击；打劫n.罢工；袭击
22.explain vt.解释；说明
23.medical adj.医学的
24.consideration n.考虑；体谅
25.deliver vt.递送；生（小孩儿）；发表（演说等）
26.modest adj.谦虚的；谦让的；适度的
27.considerate adj.考虑周到的
重点短语
1.devote to 把……献给；把……用在……
2.rather than 与其；而非
3.mean doing 意味着干某事
4.mean to do 打算、想要去做某事
5.argue for 为……辩护
6.argue with 与……争论
7.argue against 争辩……
8.set up 建立；创立；竖起
9.look down upon/on 藐视；瞧不起
10.refer to 提到；说起
11.care for 照顾；照看；喜爱
12.be intended for 为……准备
13.wander off 走失；走散；偏离（正道）
21.as well as 除……之外，也还
22.deliver a baby 接生
23.be delivered to sp. 被送到某地
必修4 Unit2 重点单词
1.hunger n.饥饿；欲望
2.sunburn vt日晒；日灼；晒黑
3.sunburnt adj起晒斑的；晒黑的
4.struggle vt.vi斗争；拼搏；努力
5.super adj超级的；极好的；超好的
6.proct n.产量输出
7.expand vt .vi使变大；伸展；阐述
8.circulate vt.vi.循环；流传
9.satisfied adj感到满意的
10.equip vt.vi.装备；配备
11.freedom n自由；民主
12.export vt.vi.输出；出口
13.Suitable adj合适的；适当的
14.chemical adj.化学的；关于化学的
15.confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难
16.mineral n.矿物;矿石
17.rece vt减少；缩减；简化
18.supply n.补给；供给；供应品
19.bacteria n.细菌
20.whatever pron.凡是……；无论什么；adj.无论怎么的；无论哪一种的
21.summary n.总结；摘要；概要
22.nutrition n.营养；滋养；食物
23.certain adj.确定的；必然的；
重点短语
1.lead …a life 过…..的生活
2.wish for 希望得到；渴望
3.with the hope of 怀有…..的希望
4.free from 没有…的；不受…..拘束的
5.insist on 坚持做某事
6.search for 寻找
7.be satisfied with 对….满意
8.get exhausted 耗尽
必修4 Unit 3 重点单词
1. slide vi&vt. (使)滑动;(使)滑行n.滑;滑动;幻灯片
2. skin n.皮;皮肤’外壳
3. cruel adj.残酷的;令人痛苦的
4. content adj.满足的;满意的&n.满足&vt.使满足
5. astonish vt.使惊讶
6. particular adj. 特殊的;特别的n. 细节;细目
7. entertain vt.&vi.使欢乐;款待
8. entertaining adj.愉快的’有趣的
9. throughout prep.遍及;贯穿&adj.到处;始终;全部
10. worn-out adj.不能再用(或穿)的;磨破的
11. homeless adj.无家的;无家可归的
12. failure n.失败(者);破产;不及格
13. overcome vt.&vi.战胜;克服;征服
14. difficulty n.困难;难点
15. boil vi.&vt.煮沸
16. fortunate adj.幸运的;吉利的
17. snowstorm n.暴风雪
18. bottom n.&adj.底;底部;尽头;末端;&底部的
19. chew vt.&vi.咀嚼(食物等)
20. mouthful n.一口;满口
21. direct vt.&vi.导演;指示;指挥adj,&adv.径直的;直接的;直率的;直接地
22. star vt.&vi.标上星号
23. outstanding adj.突出的;杰出的;显着的
24. fortune n.富有;财富;运气;幸运
25. swing vt.&vi.摆动;摇摆;旋转n.秋千;摇摆;摆动
26. mountainous adj.多山的;山一般的
27. whisper n.&vt.&vi.耳语;私语;密谈
28. vast adj.巨大的;辽阔的
29. sense n.感觉;理性
重点词组
1 pick out 挑出;辨别出
2. star in 主演;担任主角
3. be caught in 被绊住
4. be set in 以…为背景
5. play jokes on sb 开某人的玩笑
6. make fun of 嘲笑;取笑
7. bump into 碰撞;与…相撞
8. be content with 对…满足
9 .badly off 穷的;缺少的
10. cut off 切断;断绝
11. in search of 寻找
12. worse off 境况更差
13. be remembered as.. 作为….而被铭记
14. at times 有时
15. on the edge of 在….的边缘
必修四M4 Unit4 重点单词
1.major adj. 较大的;较多的;主要的
2.majority n.大多数
3.local adj.地方的;当地的;乡土的
4.represent n.代表;表现;描绘
5.curious adj. 好奇的;求知的;古怪的
6.curiosity n.
7.Introce v.介绍;引进
8.Introction n.
9.approach v. 接近;靠近 n.接近;方法;途径
10.Stranger v. 陌生人;门外人
11.Spoken adj.口头的;口语的
12.express v. 表达;表示n. 快车;快递
13.action n. 行为;动作;活动;作用
14.likely adj.预期的;可能的
15.nod v. 点头
16.general adj.一般的;大体的n.普通;将军;概要
17.avoid v. 避免;消除
18.comedy n.喜剧;戏剧性的事情
19.misunderstand v.误解;误会
20.Similar adj. 相似的;类似的
21.agreement n. 一致;协议
22.alt n.成人;成年人adj. 成人的;成熟的
23.punish v.惩罚;处罚 punishment n.
重点短语
1.be likely to 很可能…
2.At ease 舒适
3.neither nor 既不…也不…
4.up and down 上上下下
5.tend to 趋向
6.close to 接近于…
7.look sb in the eyes 无愧于心正视某人
8.watch out 小心
9.prevent from 阻止…做..
10.introce…to… 把…介绍给…
11.be similar to 与…相似…
12.take action 采取行动
13.show respect for 尊敬某人
14.be willing to do 愿意做某事
必修4 Unit5 重点单词
1、theme n. 题目
2、amuse vt. 使发笑
3、amusement n. 消遣
4、various adj. 不同的
5、variety n. 变化
6、shuttle n. 往返汽车
7、charge v. 收费 n.费用
8、admission n. 允许进入
9、profit n. 利润v. 有益于
10、souvenir n. 纪念品
11、athletic adj. 运动的
12、brand n. 商标
13、equipment n. 装备
14、sneaker n. 运动鞋
15、minority n. 少数民族
16、fantasy n. 幻想
17、settler n. 移民者
18、experiment n .&vi. 实验
19、advance v. 前进
20、advanced adj. 高级的
21、technique n. 技术
22、text n. 测试
23、cloth n. 衣料
24、jungle n. 丛林
25、creature n. 人，动物
26、volunteer n. 志愿者adj. 志愿的v. 自愿
重点短语
1、meet one’s need 满足某人的需求
2、make a profit 赚取利润
3、be based on 以……为根据
4、get close to 接近
5、remind sb. of 提醒某人
6、name after 以……命名
7、large amounts of 大量
8、face to face 面对面
9、amuse oneself 消遣
10、come to life 恢复生气
11、involve … in 使……参与
12、take an active part in 积极参与
13、a variety of 各种各样的
14、along with 与……一起
15、have fun 玩得高兴
16、in other ways 用其他方法
必修5 Unit1 重点单词
1.characteristic n.特征；特性
2.conclude v.结论
3.analyse v.分析
4.attend v.照顾；出席；护理；参加
5.absorb v.吸收；吸引；使专心
6.valuable adj.贵重的；有价值的
7.blame v.责备；谴责
8.immediately adv.立即；马上
9.contribute v.贡献；捐献；捐助
10.positive adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的
11.strict adj.严格的；严厉的；精确的
12.complete adj.完整的；完成的；全部的Vt.完成
13.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的
14.cautious adj.小心的
15.reject v.拒绝；不解受；抛弃
重点短语
1.point of view 态度；观点
2.put forward 提出
3.draw a conclusion 得出结论
4.expose to 暴露。。。中
5.come to an end 结束
6.apart from 此外
7.look into 调查
8.in addition 另外
9.make sense 有意义
10.at times 有时
11.be for/against 支持/反对
12.conclude sth. With/by sth 以。。。结束
13.in conclusion 最后，总之
注意
1.blame sth. on sb. 把某市归咎于某人
2.be to blame 应承担责任；该受责备
3.If you are not to blame, then who is?
辨析
1.put away 放好;积蓄
2.put an end to 结束
3.put down 记下
4.put out 熄灭
5.put up with 忍受
6.put off 推迟
7.make sense of 明白，理解
8.asense of ……感
必修5 Unit2 重点单词:
1.unite vi.&vt. 联合;团结
2.consist vi 组成;一致
3.divide vt 分配；分开
4.puzzle n 难题；谜 v. 使迷惑
5.clarify vt. 澄清；阐明
6.relation n.关系；联系
7.legal adj.发律的；合法的
8.convenience n. 便利；方便
9.attraction n. 吸引力；吸引；吸引人的事物
10.collection n. 收藏品；珍藏；收集
11.construct vt. 建造；构造；创立
12.influence vt. 影响；改变 n.影响；势力；有影响力的人
13.project n. 课题；计划；工程
14.arrange vt. 筹备；安排；整理
15.wedding n 婚礼
16.fold vt 对折；折叠
17.sightseeing n 观光；游览
18.available adj 可利用的；可用到的；有用的
19.delight n 快乐；高兴；喜悦 vt 使高兴
20.uniform n 制服
21.spending adj 壮丽的；辉煌的
22.statue n 塑像；雕像
23.thrill adj 使激动
24.unfair adj 不公平的；违反规则的
25.smart adj 漂亮的；聪明的
26.suggestion n 建议；意见
重点短语
1.consist of 由……组成
2.to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是
3.break away from 脱离；脱掉
4.leave out 省去；遗漏
5.make a list of 把……列出清单
6.in memory of 为纪念……
7.feel proud of 对……感到骄傲
8.divide into 把……分成
9.refer to 说到
10.on special occasions 在特殊的场合
11.take the place of 代替
12.break down 损坏
必修5 Unit3 重点单词：
1. vehicle n.交通工具；车辆
2. carriage n.四轮马车；客车
3. mud n.泥；泥浆
4. bathroom n.浴室；盥洗室
5. temple n.庙宇；寺院
6. private adj.私人的；私有的
7 .location n.位置；场所
8. settlement n.定居；解决
9. impression n.印象；感想；印记
10. constant adj.时常发生的；连续不断的
11. constantly adv.不断地
12. remind v.提醒；使想起
13. jet n.喷气式飞机
14. previous adj.在前的；早先的
15. tablet n.药片
16. capsule n.太空舱；胶囊
17. Opening n.（出入的）通路；开口；开端
18.surrounding n.周围的事物；环境 adj. 周围的
19.lack v.缺乏；没有 n.缺乏；短缺的东西
20.ache v & n.痛；疼痛
21.mask n.面具；面罩；伪装
22. Bend v.（使）弯曲
23.press v.按；压；逼迫 n.按；压；印刷；新闻
24. swift adj.迅速的；快的；敏捷的
25. swiftly adv.迅速地；敏捷地
26. master v.掌握；精通；征服；控制 n.主人；师傅；能手
27. sight n.视力；视觉；见
28. Flash v.（使）闪光；（使）闪现
29. switch v.转换 n.开关；转换
30. optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的
31. pessimistic adj.悲观的；厌世的
32. opportunity n.机会；时机
33. length n.长度；长
34.alien adj.陌生的；外国的；外星的 n.外国人；外星人
35. enormous adj.巨大的；庞大的
36. imitate v.模仿；仿造
37. extraordinary adj.特别的；非凡的
38. extraordinarily adv.格外地；特别地
39. helmet n.头盔；钢盔
40. assist v.援助；帮助；协助
41. agency n.代理；中介；代理处
42. skip v.跳；蹦
43. require v.需要；要求；命令
44. cocoa n.可可豆；可可粉；可可饮料
45. lemonade n.柠檬水
46. herb n.药草；香草
重点词组：
1.take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续
2.in all directions 向四面八方
3. lose sight of 不再看见......
4. remind of 使……回想起或意识到……
5. in no time 立刻，立即
6. sweep up 打扫；横扫
7. assist in 帮助；援助；协助
8. depend on 依靠，依赖
9. catch sight of 瞥见……
10. speed up 加速
11. A lack of ……的缺乏
必修5 Unit4 重点单词
1.occupation n.职业；占有
2.profession n.职业；专业
3.photograph n.照片； vt.给……照相
4.eager adj.渴望的；热切的
5.concentrate vt.集中；聚集
6.course n.过程；进程；课程；一道菜
7.acquire vt.获得；取得；学到
8.meanwhile adv.其间；同时
9.trade n.行业；贸易；商业
10.case n.情况；病例；案例
11.accuse vt.指责；谴责；控告
12.deliberately adv.故意地
13.guilty adj.犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的
14.technical adj.技术（上）的；技巧方面的
15.thorough adj.彻底的；详尽的
16.gifted adj.有天赋的
17.defend vt.防护；辩护；护卫
18.crime n.罪行；犯罪
19.normal adj.正常的；正规的；标准的
20.seldom adv.很少；从不
21.edition n.版本；版；版次
22.accurate adj.精确的；正确的
23.employ vt.雇用；使用
24.polish vt.擦亮；磨光；润色
25.note vt.特别提到；注意；记下
26.chief adj.主要的；首席的 n.首领；长官
27.approve vt.赞成；称许；批准
28.process n.过程；程序；步骤
29.intention n.意图；目的；打算
30.appointment n.约会；任命
31.senior adj.年长的；高年级的；高级的
重点短语
1.on one’s own 独自；独立
2.be eager to do sth 渴望于……
3.concentrate on 全神贯注于
4.accuse…of 因……指责或控告……
5.go on a story 去采访
6.cover a story 采访/报道
7.make sure 确定；查明；弄明白；确保
8.ahead of time 提前
9.have a good “nose”for sth 探查发现某事物的能力
24.be supposed to 应当；认为必须
25.defend against 防卫以免于
9. 高中英语必修四第三单元知识点
语言学习与 文化 学习是交织在一起的，语言习得者要掌握好一门语言，尤其是第二语言，具备充足的文化背景知识是必不可少的。接下来我为你整理了高中英语必修四第三单元知识点，一起来看看吧。
高中英语必修四第三单元词汇知识点
1 humour n.幽默
→humorous adj.幽默的
2 content adj.满足的，满意的
n.满足;内容
v.使满足
3 performer n.表演者，演出者
→perform v.表演;做，履行，执行
→performancen.表演，履行
4 astonish v.使惊讶
→astonishingadj.令人惊讶的
astonished adj.感到惊讶的
5 fortunate adj.幸运的
→fortune v.幸运，运气
→fortunatelyadv.幸运地
→unfortunately adv.不幸地
6 depressed adj.忧伤的,抑郁的,消沉的，萧条的
depress-v使消沉, 使沮丧, 愁苦，使贬值,
7.ordinary adj.平常的，普通的
8.bored adj.厌烦的
→bore v.使厌烦
→boring adj.令人厌烦的
9.entertain v.使欢乐，款待
→entertainment n.款待;娱乐，消遣
10.throughout prep.遍及，贯穿
adv.到处，始终，全部
11.homeless adj 无家可归的，
12.worn adj 用旧的，用坏的，破烂的
13. overcome v.战胜，克服
14. convince v.使信服
→convincing adj.令人信服的
→convincedadj.相信的，信服的
15. direct v.导演，指示，指挥
adj.直的，直接的
→director n.导演，指挥
→directlyadv.直地，直接地
→direction n.指导，方向
16.enjoyment n享乐，欢乐，乐趣
17.outstanding adj.突出的，杰出的，显着的
18.particular adj.特殊的，特别的
→particularly adv.特殊地，特别地
19 occasion n.时刻，场合
→occasional adj.偶尔的，临时的
→occasionally adv.偶尔地，有时地
20. slide v./n.滑动，滑行
21.amuse v.使发笑，使愉快
→amused adj.愉快的
→amusingadj.逗人发笑的，令人愉快的
→amusement n.愉快，快乐
22. whisper v./n.耳语，低声说
23、react v.做出反应，回应
→reactionn.反应，回应
高中英语必修四第三单元重点句型知识点
1. He made people laugh at a time when they feltdepressed, so they could feel more content withtheir lives.
在人们感到沮丧的时候，卓别林使他们开怀大笑，于是人们对自己的生活感到比较满足。
2 No one was everbored watching him—his subtle acting made everything entertaining.
看他的表演没有人会感到无聊——他巧妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑。
3 Instead they arehiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountian ring a snowstorm withnothing to eat.相反，他们被暴风雪困在山边的一个小木屋中，没有任何东西可吃。
(with的复合结构作伴随状语)
高中英语必修四第三单元语法知识点
一、动词-ing形式作表语
1. 表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语
Her job is keepingthe lecture hall as clean as possible.
(= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)
她的工作是尽量使 报告 厅保持干净。
2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词)
The problem is quite puzzling.
这个问题很令困惑。
3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing,boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。
全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是 句子 中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries memost is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)
二、动词-ing形式作定语
1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = aroom which is used for reading 阅览室
running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋
a working method=a method for working 工作 方法
②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developingcountries = countries that are developing发展中国家
anordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem= a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题
2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个 短语 ，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
They lived in ahouse facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
Do you know theboy playing basket?(=Who is playing basket)你认识在打 篮球 的那个男孩吗?
The man visitingJapan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle
正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。
三、动词-ing形式作宾补
1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
When we returned, we found a strangerstanding in front of the house.
2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
They found the film very exciting. = The filmis found very exciting.
3、能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:
1) 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，(常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice,observe, look at, listen to等)+ sb + doing sth(作宾补)
I felt somebodystanding behind me.
2) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词，(常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等)+sb/ sth + doing sth (作宾补)
We kept the fireburning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。
I won‘t have yourunning about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。
4、see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
We heard the telephone ring. We heard the telephone ringing.前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示(或强调)动作的全过程。
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