1. 初中英语重点知识点梳理
备考中考英语科目考试,提高英语重点知识点是关键。下面我整理了初中英语重点知识点梳理,希望对同学们有帮助!
短语词组归纳
一、动词+介词
1.look at…看…, look like … 看上去像……, look after …照料…
2.listen to…听……
3.welcome to…欢迎到……
4.say hello to …向……问好
5.speak to…对……说话
此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。
二、动词+副词
“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类:
A.动词(vt.)+副词
1.put on 穿上 2.take off脱下 3.write down记下
此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。
B.动词(vi)+副词。
1.come on赶快 2.get up起床 3.go home回家
4.come in进来 5.sit down坐下 6.stand up起立
此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。
三、其它类动词词组
1.close the door
2.1ook the same
3.go to work/class
4.be ill
5.have a look/seat
6.have supper
7.1ook young
8.go shopping
9.watch TV/games
10. play games
重点句型梳理
1.I think…意为“我认为……”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I don’t think…,
2.like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”,前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作。
3.take sb./ sth. to…意为“把……(送)带到……”,后常接地点,也可接人。
4.introce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”;introce to sb.则是“向某人作介绍”。
5.Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”,人后应用不带to的动词不定式,其否定式为Don’t let sb,do sth.或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let’s 与Let us的含义不完全相同,前者包括听者在内,后者不包括听者在内,
6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换.
7.What about…?/How about…?意为“……怎么样?”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词,其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。
8.It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意为“该做……的时间了”,其中to后须接原形动词,for后可接名词或V-ing形式。
9.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意为“一个是……;另一个是……”,必须是两者中。
10.ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式。
句子成分
1.主语:句子所陈述的对象。
2.谓语:主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意义的动词。
3.宾语:分为动词宾语和介词宾语,属于动作的承受者。
4.系动词:表示状态或状态变化的动词,没有实际的动作意义。如be,感官系动词(look,sound,smell,taste和feel)、保持类系动词(keep,stay和remain)、状态变化类系动词(become、get、turn和go)等。
5.表语:紧跟系动词后面的成分。
6.定语:修饰名词或代词的成分。
7.状语:修饰形容词、副词、动词或句子的成分。
8.补语:分为宾语补足语和主语补足语。是对宾语和主语的补充说明,与其有主动或被动的逻辑关系。
注意:主语、谓语、宾语、系动词、表语、补语是一个句子的主干成分;定语和状语是一个句子的修饰性成分,不是主干成分。
句子类型
1.简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。
2.复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
3.两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
2. 初中英语语法重点知识点大全
英语语法知识点是很重要的,下面我就大家整理一下初中英语语法重点知识点大全,仅供参考。
介词的用法归纳
早、午、晚要用 in
例:in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
in the day 在白天
at 黎明、午、夜、点与分
例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候
at noon 在中午
at night 在夜间
at midnight 在午夜
形容词和副词
形容词及其用法
形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常, 可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。
2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。
(错)He is an ill man.
(对)The man is ill.
(错)She is an afraid girl.
(对)The girl is afraid.
这类词还有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:
something nice
一般现在时
1. 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2. 基本结构:①is/am/are;②do/does
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
3. 一般疑问句:①把is/am/are动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
4. 用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。
例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east ofChina. 上海位于中国东部。
直接引语和间接引语
以上就是我为大家整理的初中英语语法重点知识点大全 。
3. 初中英语知识点梳理归纳 重点语法汇总
初中生学习英语要特别注意知识点的梳理,下面我为大家总结了初中英语知识点梳理归纳,重点语法汇总,仅供大家参考。
宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或
形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语
和非正式文体中可以省略。例如:
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如:
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如:
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
单项填空讲解
1. 复习时要弄清初中阶段所出现的几种主要时态和语态的用法、结构、与之连用的状语及各自的特殊用法。重点要分清现在完成时、一般过去时的用法。对宾语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、比较等级以及它们的用法规则都要一一弄清楚。还要注意固定搭配、习惯用语、动词的时态和语态、动词辨析以及不同词性的词的用法。
2. 在解题方面要突出语境,在语境中选语句和词汇,防止汉语思维的干扰。英语中一些关键词的含义往往是由它所处的语义环境(即上下文)决定的,答题时如忽视了语境,就很容易答错题。
3. 在解题时要注意句型结构和语序。要掌握初中阶段所出现的句型结构,注意宾语从句、感叹句的语序。
4. 掌握习语和日常交际用语。应掌握大纲词汇、习惯用语。由于文化背景和风俗习惯的不同,对于一些日常交际用语应记牢。
书面表达训练方法
1. 记。认真系统复习和背诵基础知识和优美的句子、句型。中国有句古话,叫“熟读唐诗三百首,不会吟诗也会作”。同样,要使自己具有较强的写作能力,首先应该熟读和背诵一些句型和短文。许多同学写出来的语言根本不符合英语的语言习惯,相当一部分人有对照中文逐字翻译的不良习惯,不去理会中英文的差异。大量的背诵和阅读是提高写作能力的有效办法,同学们若有大量的现成语言积累在脑海里,自己写起文段来,就可以做到脱口而出,或是模仿、套用,甚至发挥。
2. 练。每练一篇书面表达题,都要真正学到一点东西,不可贪多而边学边忘。平时可以采用循序渐进、灵活多样的练习方式。从根据提示词写单句开始,到写单句,然后到写几句话,最后到写流利的文段。尽量尝试多种形式的写作,如短信、说明、通知、便条、明信片、看图写作、根据表格或记录写短文等。
3. 写。要进行实战写作。要求自己在20分钟内写出100个词的短文,并且质量高、内容全、形式正确。这样形成习惯,考试时就能得心应手。
以上就是我为大家总结的 初中英语 知识点梳理归纳,重点语法汇总,仅供参考,希望对大家有所帮助。
4. 七年级英语考试知识点总结
对于英语,我们需要把陌生的单词片语和句型语法不断的熟悉和熟练。因此,重复重复再重复,熟练熟练再熟练,是学会英语的不二法门。下面是我给大家整理的一些 七年级英语 的知识点,希望对大家有所帮助。
七年级英语知识点
一般疑问句及特殊疑问句
1、一般疑问句:能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。
2、特殊疑问句:不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。
六、可数名词变复数
可数名词变复数时,有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1、规则变化:
1)一般情况直接在词尾加“-s ”,如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;
2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词,要在词尾加“-es ”,如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;
3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加“-es ”,如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;
4)部分以f (e)结尾的词,变f (e)为“ves ”,如:knife-knives, half-halves等;
5)以o结尾的词,加“-s ”或“-es ”,如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀:除了“英雄”hero外,凡是能吃的,加“-es ”,不能吃的加“-s ”。
七年级英语重要知识点
◆ 短语 归纳
1. get to school 到达学校
2. take the subway 乘地铁
3. ride a bike 骑自行车
4. how far 多远
5. from home to school 从家到学校
6. every day 每天
7. take the bus 乘公共汽车
8. by bike 骑自行车
9. bus stop 公共汽车站
10. think of 认为
11. between … and … 在…和…之间
12.one 11-year-old boy 一个11岁的男孩
13. play with … 和…玩
14. come true 实现
15. have to 不得不
◆用法集萃
1. take… to …= go to … by… 乘…去…
2. How do / does (sb)get to …?…是怎样到…的?
3. How far is it from … to …?从…到…有多远?
4. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。
5. How long does it take to do sth.? …花费多长时间?
6. It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是….
7. Thanks for + n. / Ving 感谢你(做)某事。
◆典句必背
1. How do you get to school? I ride my bike.
2. How far is it from your home to school?
3. How long does it take you to get to school?
4. For many students, it is easy to get to school.
5. There is a very big river between their school and the village.
初一英语上册语法重点 总结
1、名词
A)名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:
一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员
九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
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5. 初中英语必考时态知识点归纳总结
时态是在英语学习中至关重要的一个内容,为了帮助初中的学生们学习,我为大家总结了初中阶段学习的时态。希望能对大家有所帮助!
初中英语必考时态知识点
过去将来时
1. 概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2. 时间状语:the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.
3. 基本结构:①was/were/going to + do;②would + do.
否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would + not + do.
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would 提到句首。
4. 用法
1) “would+动词原形”常表示主观意愿的将来。例如:
He said he would come to see me.
他说他要来看我。
He told me he would go to Beijing.
他告诉我他将去北京。
2) “was/ were+going to+动词原形”常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如:
She said she was going to start off at once.
她说她将立即出发。
I was told that he was going to return home.
有人告诉我他准备回家。
此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看,很可能或即将发生的事情。例如:
It seemed as if it was going to rain.
看来好像要下雨。
3) come, go, leave, arrive, start等瞬时动词动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。例如:
He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.
他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。
She told me she was coming to see me.
她告诉我她要来看我。
现在完成时
1. 概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在并且有可能继续下去的动作或状态。
2. 时间状语:recently, lately, since, for, in the past few years, etc.
3. 基本结构:have/has + done
否定形式:have/has + not +done.
一般疑问句:have或has。
4. since的三种用法
1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
例如:I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在这儿。
2) since +一段时间+ ago。
例如:I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿,已经有五个月了。
3) since +从句(一般过去时)。
例如:Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,变化可大了。
比较since和for
since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
例如:I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
过去完成时
1. 概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2. 时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.
3. 基本结构:had + done.
否定形式:had + not + done.
一般疑问句:had放于句首。
4. 用法
1) 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句种。
例如:She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
2) 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。
例如:When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。
3) 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,
suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。
例如:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。
注意: had hardly… when... 刚......就......。
例如:I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。
例如:He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。
初中英语必考时态练习题
1. The sun ________ in the east.
A. is always rising B. always is rising C. rises always D. always rises
2. He often ________ his clothes on Sundays.
A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash
3. I’m Japanese. Where ________ from?
A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming
4. A mother who ________ her son will do everything for his happiness.
A. is loving B. loves C. loved D. has loved
5. ________ at a higher temperature than water?
A. Has milk boiled B. Is milk boiling C. Does milk boil D. Was milk boiling
6. He signed to us with his hand, “The lesson is over. You ________.”
A. dismissed B. are dismissed C. have dismissed D. were dismissed
7. I haven’t met him for ages, but his mother ________ him sometimes.
A. had still seen B. still sees C. has still seen D. still saw
8. We will start as soon as our team leader________ .
A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming
9. I think Jack ________ the answer.
A. has known B. does know C. is knowing D. knows
10. My father ________ George quite well; they were introced at a party.
A. is knowing B. was knowing C. knows D. had been knowing
11. Where ________ ?
A. Mary works B. works Mary C. does Mary works D. does Mary work
12. I think this question ________ to answer.
A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. Both A and B
13. ________ oil or butter when you cook it ?
A. Do you use B. Did you use C. Were you using D. Have you used
14. I ________ some newspaper at seven yesterday evening.
A. am reading B. read C. was reading D. will read
15. Now he ________ a book about New York. I don’t think he will finish it.
A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. is writing
16. Zhang Hua does a lot of housework every evening, but now he ________ his schoolmates with their lessons.
A. help B. is helping C. helps D. has helped
17. Mother washes the girl’s hair. Look, she ________ .
A. is washing it now B. washes it
C. is washing them now D. washes them now
18. He usually listens to the radio, but at the present moment he ________ television.
A. watches B. is watching C. has watched D. had watched
19. How long ago ________ playing with soldiers?
A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop
20. Look at John! What _______ ?
A. does he B. he is doing C. is he doing D. does he do
21. It ________ hard when I left my house.
A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain
22.The railway ________ in three years.
A. is complete B. will completed C. has completed D. will be completed
23. Don’t talk so loudly. Your father ________ .
A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept
24. ----- What are you doing under the table?
----- I ________ to find my pen.
A. tried B. had tried C. try D. am trying
25. Jane and Tom ________ the door.
A. are walking at B. walk at C. walks to D. are walking to
26. How many people does the doctor know ________ of the disease?
A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies
27. He ________ thin.
A. was getting B. is getting C. will getting D. had been got
28. Our team ________ every match so far this year, but we still have three games to play.
A. was winning B. has won C. had won D. wins
29. I shall tell you what he ____at three o’clock yesterday afternoon.
A. has done B. has been done C. had been doing D. was doing
30. I ________ my homework now.
A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished
31. I ________ this coat for very long. It still looks quite new.
A. wasn’t having B. haven’t had C. hadn’t D. haven’t been having
32. ________ reading the book yet?
A. Have you finished B. Were you finishing
C. Had you finished D. Are you finishing
33. The evening party ________ .You are a little late.
A. just began B. just has begun C. has just begun D. has begun just now
34. The dog is still wet. It ________ out of the rain.
A. only just comes B. has only just coming
C. was only just come D. has only just come
35. Where did you study before you ________ to this middle school?
A. come B. came C. are coming D. will come
36. He ________ home for nearly three weeks.
A. has gone away from B. has left C. has been away from D. went away from
37. ----- Did your brother go toAmericalast year? ----- ________ .
A. No, he has never go there B. No, he has never gone here
C. No, he never was there D. No, he’s never been there
38. My uncle ________ in that factory since 1958.
A. worked B. had worked C. is working D. has worked
39. I ________ her since she was a little girl.
A. knew B. know C. had known D. have known
40. He ________ for three years.
A. has joined B. has been in the army C. joined D. has served the army
41. His grandfather ________ for thirty years.
A. died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died
42. I ________ a college student for more than a year.
A. became B. have become C. was D. have been
43. I ________ this radio for two years.
A. used B. use C. have used D. am used
44. I ________ from my brother for a long time.
A. not have heard B. have not heard C. have heard not D. do not hear
45. Since you don’t want to go, I ________ alone.
A. will go B. go C. went D. have gone
46. He________ his watch. Have you seen it anywhere?
A. lost B. lose C. has lost D. had lost
47. I ________ the exhibition on the life and work of Lenin.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. am seeing
48. When I was a little boy my father ________ me the earth is round.
A. tells B. has told C. had told D. told
49. You ________ your homework..
A. haven’t done B. have doing C. have not doing D. not done
50. Our teacher ________ to Beijing three times.
A. went B. had done C. has gone D. has been
初中英语语法学习方法
1.在理解的基础上学习
学习语法要真正理解,不要死记硬背条条框框。例如家长在辅导孩子英语时,也许会特别强调现在分词和动名词在句子中的不同成分。很多孩子就死记硬背:分词可以作定语、状语、补语、表语;动名词可作定语、主语、宾语、表语。即使这样也经常记混淆。其词能充当的成分动名词基本都能充当。这样也便于理解为什么动名词能充当主语和宾语,而分词则不能。理解语法并不是要对语法规则刨根到底。有的孩子问:为什么英语有那么多时态,而汉语没有?每种语言都有它自己的规则。汉语不是没有时态,只是时态的表现形式不像英语那么明显。
2.积极主动归纳、总结语法规则
孩子在学习过程中要善于主动观察、归纳、总结语法规则,不能完全依靠家长、老师的讲解。研究表明,孩子自己归纳总结的语法规则比从书本上学来的记得更好。在孩子一道题或给予详细讲解后,应该让孩子尝试着自己总结规律。同样的情况在怎样的场合使用?有没有例外?实践表明,能自己总结语法规律的孩子,更能对语法进行灵活运用,且在阅读中也便显出反应迅速准确的良好状态。另外,有的语法书里讲的规则有时过于简单甚至不准确。比如很多语法书里,关于字母。结尾的名词的复数的规则是:一般加8226;s;有些加-es。那么到底哪些加—s哪些加-es呢?孩子又只能死记硬背。其实,多数单词加-es,比如heroes,tomatoes,potatoes,tornadoes,volcanoes,torpedoes等;少数单词加8226;s,而且加—s的词多为较长单词的缩写。比如:photographs—photos;kilograms—kilos;hippopotamus—hippos等。而radio本身就是几个单词的缩写,其复数形式当然是radios。如果孩子能够在学习中发现类似的规律,则可以大大减少死记硬背的负担。
3.要善于从错误中学习
英语学习中出现错误是不可避免的,孩子在学习时,一方面不要怕犯错误,要大胆地使用英语;另一方面,要注意纠正错误,从错误中学习。发现错误和纠正错误是做英语练习的目的之一。对于老师、家长批改过的作业,一定要仔细看。对批改还不明白的,一定要向家长或同学请教。在口头交际中,不能完全不顾语法,也不能因为怕犯语法错误而不敢开口。完全不顾语法,可能会使语法错误形成习惯,以后想改也改不过来。而因为怕犯错误而不敢开口或在表达中过多地进行自我纠正会影响交际的顺利进行,也可能因此失去很多交际的机会。研究表明,在口头表达中,适度地监控语法的正确性和准确性最有利于孩子提高口语能力。
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下面是我为大家整理分享的 初中英语知识点 ,希望能对大家学习英语有帮助。
初中英语知识点总结
祈使句
祈使句常用来表示命令、请求、建议等语气,它的主语为you,通常省略,而以动词原形开头。表示命令语气的祈使句一般用降调来朗读,而表示请求或建议语气的祈使句一般用升调来朗读。其否定形式是在实义动词前加上don't,即使动词是be也是如此。
介词(短语)的用法
介词一般用于名词或代词之前,表示主语与介词后面的名词或代词和句子其它成份的关系。介词和其后的名词或代词构成介词短语。介词短语在句中常用作表语、状语、定语等。不同的介词有不同的用法,在此不作赘述。
现在进行时的基本用法
(1)表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。常与now,at the moment,look,listen等词连用。
The little boy is watching TV now.这个小男孩现在正在看电视。
Listen!She is playing the guitar in the next room.听!她正在隔壁房间弹吉他。
(2)表示现阶段一直在进行着或是重复发生着的动作,不强调此时此刻正在做。常与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
I am studying computer this term.这个学期我一直在学习计算机。
初中的英语学习有几大难点第一、音标的掌握。音标的学习比较抽象,但是确实 英语学习 的重中之重。音标掌握可以提高学生的自学单词能力,而单词的学习又是学好英语的奠基石。学习方法:辨别好其发音规律,正确识记书写形式,带入单词加以练习。
第二、时态和语态的运用。初中英语学习八大时态,但是重点考察五大时态---一般将来时、一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、现在完成时。语态分为主动语态与被动语态,难点在于被动语态的学习。中考英语主要考察一般现在时、一般将来时、一般过去时和含有情态动词的被动语态。学习方法:理解概念,牢记公式,熟记标志,准确运用。
7. 初中的英语知识点总结
初中英语知识
非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。
1.在need,want,require, bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例:The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。
2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例:The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)
3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。)
试比较:I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
4.在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。
这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。
例:This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).
5. 在too… to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例:This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6. 在there be…句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物。
例:There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost,谁 lost time不明确。)
7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例: Who is to blame for starting the fire?
初中英语语法知识
宾语从句
1.语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四种:
(1)连接词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有: who, what, which等。如:
Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?
The small children dont know what is in their stockings.这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西。
I dont know which belongs to my father.
(2)连接词+名词+谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有:whose, what, which, how many, how much等。如:
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老师问我们房间里有多少人。
(3)连接词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有:who(m), what, which, how many, how much, when, why, how, where, if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)。如:
He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?
(4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的'定语。常见的连接词有:what, which, how many, how much, how等。如:
Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪个班吗?
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
2.连接词
(1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
(2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:
I dont know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.
但在下列情况下只能用whether:
①在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:
Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whethe or not he will come)
I dont know whether/if he does any washing or not.(=I dont know whether or not he does any washing.)
I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.
②在介词之后用whether。如:
Im interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。如:
He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
I dont know whether to go.我不知去否。
He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时,不能换用if。如:
Whether this is true or not, I cant say.这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如:
Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。
⑥ 若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。如:
Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为:a. Please let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。B. If you like the book, please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我。
(3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如:
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?
初中英语知识重点
现在进行时
现在进行时表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。常与now,at the moment,look,listen等词连用。
The little boy is watching TV now.
这个小男孩现在正在看电视。
Listen!She is playing the guitar in the next room.
听!她正在隔壁房间弹吉他。
现在进行时的基本结构:
肯定式:am/is/are+doing(现在分词)
否定式:am/is/are not +doing(现在分词)
一般疑问式:Am/Is/Are + 主语 +doing(现在分词)+ 其他
特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式
They’re having a meeting now.
他们现在正在开会。
They arent having a meeting now.
他们现在没有在开会。
Are they having a meeting now?
他们现在正在开会吗?
What are they doing now?
他们现在正在做什么?
8. 初中英语知识点总结
初中英语知识点总结
初中英语知识点总结,中考会用到的这些知识点,相关重难点,是基础类知识的学习,掌握了学习英语的方法就没有想象中的难,下面我整理了初中英语知识点总结,希望能帮到大家,仅供参考。
初中英语知识点总结1
宾语从句
1、语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四种:
(1)连接词+谓语。 连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有: who, what, which等。如:
Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?
The small children dont know what is in their stockings、这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西。
I dont know which belongs to my father、
(2)连接词+名词+谓语。 连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有:whose, what, which, how many, how much等。如:
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class、他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room、老师问我们房间里有多少人。
(3)连接词+主语+谓语。 连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的`连接词有:who(m), what, which, how many, how much, when, why, how, where, if /whether(在句中不充当任何成分)。如:
He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi、他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?
(4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。 连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有:what, which, how many, how much, how等。如:
Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪个班吗?
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was、她问我是否知道这是谁的.钢笔。
2、连接词
(1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义, 在口语或非正式文体中常省略 。如:
He said that he could finish his work before supper、他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
(2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否” 。如:
I dont know if /whether he still lives here after so many years、
但在下列情况下只能用whether:
①在具有选择意义, 又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:
Let me know whether /if he will come or not、(=Let me know whethe or not he will come)
I dont know whether/if he does any washing or not、(=I dont know whether or not he does any washing、)
I wonder whether we stay or whether we go、
②在介词之后用whether。 如:
Im interested in whether he likes English、我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time、
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings、我担心是否伤了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。 如:
He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man、他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
I dont know whether to go、我不知去否。
He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train、他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时,不能换用if 。如:
Whether this is true or not, I cant say、这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether 。如:
Whether she will come or not is still a question、她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch the bus、问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。
⑥ 若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。 如:
Please let me know if you like the book、可理解为:a、 Please let me know whether you like the book、请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。B、 If you like the book, please let me know、你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我。
(3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。 如:
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?
初中英语知识点总结2
初中英语知识点总结之情态动词
中考必考点,在试题中大多以单项选择、完形填空等形式出现。先给大家回顾一下情态动词的定义:它表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。它本身有一定意义,但是意义不完整,不能独立作谓语,它需要和动词原型一起构成谓语,且情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
1、(2017和平区期末考试第23题)
-Is this red skirt Lily’s?
-No, it ________ be hers、 She doesn’t like red、
A、 need B、 needn’t C、 must D、 can’t
这道题目里并没有出现难度较高的词汇,对于同学们来说翻译句子以及理解大意非常轻松。做题的第一步先翻译,这道题就是两个人的对话,一个人问这件红色的裙子是Lily的吗?另一个人回答不是,它什么是她的,她不喜欢红色。所以翻译完题目之后,大家肯定都知道要填的是不可能。第二步再看四个选项,都是情态动词,涉及到了need、must和can三个词。Need 是需要,needn’t是不需要,must是必须,can’t则是我们要选的答案,不可能。
那can作为情态动词,它具有不同的含义,所以这是大家在考前要掌握的知识点。下面我们通过不同的例句给大家总结归纳:
(1)Can you drive a car?
-Yes, I can、 -No, I can‘t、
在这里can表能力,有“能”、“会”、“能够”的意思。
(2) Can I use your bike?
在这里can表征求许可,意为“可以…”。
(3) Today is Sunday、 He can’t be at school、
在这里can表推测可能性,常用于否定句和疑问句。
所以刚刚那道题里,考查我们的是can的第三种含义,表推测。
2、(2016南开区期末考试第28题)
-Look! It ________ be Tony’s mother、
-It _______ be her、 She has just left for Shanghai on business、
A、 can; mustn’t B、 can’t; must C、 must; mustn’t D、 must; can’t
第二道题目我们还是先来翻译,一个人说:“看!那什么是托尼的妈妈。”另一个人说:“那什么是她。她刚去上海出差。”这道题很明显还是考察情态动词的推测用法,通过语境我们分析出,一个人看见一个女人,觉得她肯定是托尼妈妈,而另一个人觉得肯定不会是她,因为她刚刚出发去上海出差。因此观察四个选项之后,表肯定推测(一定是)为must,表否定推测(肯定不是)为can’t。上一道题目我们讲解了can这个词,这道题目我们来讲解must这个词。
(1)must表必须, ≈ have to
二者之间区别:must强调主观,无时态变化,否定表示禁止不允许;have to强调客观,时态丰富,否定表示不需要。
注:mustn’t是考频超高的热点,因其肯定形式表必须,所以同学们总是把否定形式理解为不必须。所以大家要注意!mustn’t表禁止、不允许的含义。那有同学就有疑问了,必须的否定怎么说呢,记好笔记哦,我们可以用needn’t或者don’t have to来表达不必须的含义。
(2)must表推测(用于肯定句)
must + v、 (原) 表示对现在情况的肯定推测
must + have done 表示对过去情况的肯定推测
(3)关于must提问的回答:
肯定: -Yes, you must、 (是的,你必须)
否定: -No, you needn‘t、
-No, you don‘t have to、
(不,你不必 )
初中英语知识点总结3
一、初中句法的两大语态
1、主动语态, 即当主语是谓语动作的发出者时,被称之为是主动语态;例如:The students clean their desk every morning、
2、被动语态, 即当主语是谓语动作的承受者时,被称之为是被动语态;例如:Their desk is cleaned by the students every morning、
二、初中语法中的八大时态
1、一般现在时: 指现在的某种状况及经常或反复发生的动作和行为,例如:he has nine classes every day、
2、一般过去时: 指过去在某个时间段里发生的动作或过去习惯性的动作,例如:You didn’t stay with my sister yesterday、
3、一般将来时: 表示将要发生的动作或准备做某事的一种状态,例如:My little 王芸brother will get married、
4、过去进行时: 表示过去某段时间里及某个时刻正在发生或进行的动作,例如:My sister was playing game from six to ten last night、
5、过去将来时: 从过去的某个时刻看将来的事情,宾语从句中经常会出现,例如:My friend said he would visit the Great Wall next weekend、
6、过去完成时: 在过去的某个时间之前发生的行为,即“过去的过去”,例如:She said she had worked in that company since 2000、
7、现在进行时: 表示此刻说话时正在进行的动作,例如:She is washing her hand、
8、现在完成时: 过去已经发生的事情对现在造成的影响或从过去已经开始并且持续到现在的动作,例如:I have worked in that company since 2000、