⑴ 初二下学期英语知识点总结
真正的知识分子该有一副傲骨,不善趋炎附势。这使他们当中绝大多数显得个色,总是鹤立鸡群,混不进人堆里。下面我给大家分享一些初二下学期英语知识点,希望能够帮助大家,欢迎阅读!
初二下学期英语知识点1
1. 短语 动词小结
常见动词短语结构有下面几种:
(1)动词+副词 如:give up 放弃;turn off 关掉;stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词,如果其宾语是代词,就必须放在动
词和副词之间,如果是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间,也可放
在短语动词后。
(2)动词+介词 如:listen of 听;look at 看;belong to 属于
这种结构相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语。
(3)动词+副词+介词 如:come up with 提出,想出; run out of 用完,耗尽
(4)动词+名词+介词 如:take part in参加;catch hold of 抓住
2. each 每个,各自的,强调事物的个别情况,常与of 连用
every 每个,每一个的,一切的,有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用
3. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with English
help do 帮助做某事 help study
4. spend...doing... 花费…做…
I spent a day visiting Beijing. 我花了一天的时间去参观北京。
spend… on sth. 花费…在… I spent 3 years on English.
5. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如:join the Party 入党
take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如:take part in sports meeting 参加运动会
6. run out 与 run out of
(1)run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间,食物,金钱,油等,本身就含有被动意义。
His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。
Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。
(2)run out of 主语为人,表示主动含义。
He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。
两者在一定条件下可以互换
如:The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol.
Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time.
7. work out
(1)结局,结果为
The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。
(2)算出,制订出,消耗完(精力等)
He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。
He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。
I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。
8. hang out 闲荡 闲逛
I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。
9. be able to do 能,会
be unable to do 不能,不会
10. for sure 确实如此,毫无疑问
You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你没有钱,这是毫无疑问的。
11. fill… with… 使…充满… 用…填充…
She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。
12. hand out 分发 hand out bananas
give out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分….给某人
give up doing 放弃… give up smoking 放弃吸烟
give away 赠送 捐赠 give away money to kids
give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱
give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线
13. help sb. out 帮助…做事,解决难题(摆脱困境)
I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out. 我不能算出这道数学问题,请你帮我解决。
14. train n. 火车 v. 训练
train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事
She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。
15. at once == right away 立刻 马上 如:
Do it at once. 马上去做。
I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。
16. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去)
some day 有一天(指将来) 如:
One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。
Some day I’ll go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。
初二下学期英语知识点2
1. arrive at 到达(小地方)
arrive in到达(大地方)
reach 到达
get to 到达
I arrived in Beijing last night. = I reached Beijing last night .
= I got to Beijing last night .
如果宾语是副词here, there, home, 要把at/in/to省略。
arrive here/there/home
get here/there/home
2. in front of… 在 … 的前面 (某一范围外的前面)
in the front of … 在 … 的前面(某一范围内的前面)
There are some big trees in front of the classroom building. 在教室的前面有一些大树。
I like sitting in the front of the taxi. 我喜欢坐在出租车的前排位置。
3. take off
(1)起飞
When did the plane take off yesterday? 飞机什么时候起飞?
(2)脱下(衣帽等)
He took off his coat as soon as he went into the room. 他一进房间就脱掉了外套。
(3)取消
They will take off the 5 am train . 他们取消了早上5点的火车。
4. get out (of ) … 从……离开/出去/下来
A car stopped and a girl got out of it.
但从汽车/火车/船/飞机/马匹上下来, 用get off…
5. follow
(1)跟随 I followed him up he hill. 我跟着他上了山.
(2)沿着……前进 Follow this road until you get to the post office. 顺着这条路一直到邮局.
(3)听懂,理解 Could you speak more slowly? I can’t follow you. 你能说慢点吗?我听不懂。
(4)follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事
Please follow me to read the story. 请跟我读这个 故事 。
6. shout at 大声喊叫,多指因生气而非善意的大声叫喊
Don’t shout at the little boy. He is too young. 不要对他大叫,他还太小。
shout to 大声喊叫,多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊
We should shout to him , or he can’t hear us. 我们应该朝他叫喊,否则他听不到我们的声音。
7. happen 发生,具体事件偶然的没有预见的发生
(1)happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
I happened to meet one of my old friends in the park yesterday .昨天我在公园碰巧遇见我的一个老朋友。
(2)sth happens to sb. 某人发生了某事
An car accident happened to him last month. 上个月他发生了交通事故.
take place 发生
(1)按计划进行或按计划发生
Great changes have taken place in China in recent years. 最近几年中国发生了巨大的变化.
(2)(运动/ 活动/会议等) 举行
The meeting will take place next Friday. 运动会将于下星期五举行。
take the place of 代替, 取代
Plastics can sometimes take the place of wood and metal . 塑料有时能代替木材和金属.
take one’s place 坐某人的位置, 代替某人的职务
Come to take my place. my seat is near the window . 来做我的位置,我的座位靠近窗户。
8. anywhere 任何地方,常用于否定句或疑问句中.
Did you go anywhere last night? 你昨天还去了别的地方了吗?
somewhere 某个地方,用于肯定句。
come and see me. Then we’ll go out somewhere. 来我家找我,然后我们出去逛逛。
everywhere 处处, 到处 = here and there
I can’t find my pen though I looked for it everywhere. 尽管我到处都找过了,还是找不到我的钢笔。
11. silence 名词, 寂静/无声
There’s nothing but silence in the room. 屋内寂静无声。
Keep in silence. 保持沉默.
silent 形容词, 沉默的, 寂静的
The old house was quite silent. 这所老房子寂静无声。
The cat moved on silent feet. 那只猫无声地走动着。
12. hear 听到
Can you hear someone knocking at the door? 你听到有人敲门了吗?
(1)hear of 听说 , 后接表示人或物的词
I have never heard of him before. 我以前从来没有听说过他。
( 2 ) hear about 听说, 后接表示事件的名词
I’ve just heard about his illness. 我刚刚听说他生病的事。
Have you heard about the accident ? 你听说了那场事故吗?
(3)hear from 收到某人的来信
I heard from my daughter in New York yesterday. 我昨天收到在纽约的女儿的来信。
13. 主语 + be + one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 + in / of 短语。
…… 是……中最……的……之一.
This was one of the most important events in modern American history. 这是美国历史上最重要的事件之一。
Xiamen is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 厦门是中国最漂亮的城市之一。
13. experience
(1)名词 经验 , 不可数名词 ; 经历, 体验, 可数名词
Have you had any experience of fishing? 你有钓鱼的经验吗?
Could you tell us about your experiences in Africa? 你能给我们谈谈你在非洲的经历吗?
(2)动词 经历, 感觉
The children experienced many difficulties this time. 这次孩子们经历了许多困难.
experienced 形容词 有经验的
be experienced in/at doing sth. = have much experience in/at doing sth. 做某事很有经验.
She is an experienced teacher. 他是一个经验丰富的教师。
He is very experienced in/at repairing cars. 他修车很有经验。
14. as … as … 和…… 一样… 两个as之间用形容词或副词的原形。
He works as carefully as she. 他和她一样工作认真。
She is as tall as her mother. 她和母亲一样高。
not as… as… 不如某人/某物…
He isn’t as / so old as he looks . 他不像看起来那么老。
She doesn’t run as / so fast as her brother. 她不如她哥哥跑得那么快。
15. have fun = have a good/great/wonderful time = enjoy oneself 玩得开心,过得愉快
Did you have fun at the party? 昨天在派对上玩的开心吗?
= Did you have a good/great/wonderful time ?
= Did you enjoy yourself ?
have fun doing sth. 开心做某事
I’m just having fun playing the guitar . 我正开心的弹吉他呢。
16. accident 事故, 意外遭遇
He was killed in an accident. 他死于一起意外事故.
traffic accident 交通事故
Many people die in traffic accidents every year. 每年有很多人死于交通事故。
by accident 偶然, 意外地
We met at the airport by accident . 我们偶然在机场遇见。
18. think about 考虑 (某个计划 )
They are thinking about moving to Beijing. 他们考虑搬去北京。
think of 认为 What do you think of the movie?= how do you like the movie? 你认为这部电影怎么样?
think over 仔细思考
We need a few days to think over this matter. 我们需要几天时间来考虑这个事情。
19. 感叹句
what 引导的感叹句
(1)What a beautiful girl (she is )! 多么美的姑娘呀 !
(2)What a clever boy ( he is )! 多么聪明的男孩呀 !
(3)What interesting pictures ( they are )! 多么美的图片呀 !
(4)What tall buildings ( they are )! 多么高的楼呀 !
(5)What delicious food ( it is ) ! 多么可口的食物呀 !
(6)What bad weather ( it is ) ! 多么坏的天气呀 !
规律:what + ( a/an ) + 形容词 + 名词 ( + 主语 + 谓语) + !
名词为不可数名词或复数名词时, 形容词前面不能有a/an。
how 引导的感叹句
(7)How heavy the box is! 多么重的箱子呀!
How fast he runs! 他跑得多快呀!
(8)How careful the girl is! 多么细心的姑娘呀!
How well she plays the piano! 她的钢琴弹得多好呀!
20. 过去进行时
过去进行时的用法
(1)过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
What were you doing at 8:30 this morning? 今天早上8点半你正在做什么?
When I called him, he was having dinner. 当我打电话给他时,他正在吃饭。
(2)过去某段时间正在进行的动作。
What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday? 你昨天7点到9点在做什么?
I was reading the whole morning yesterday. 我昨天一整个早上都在看书。
过去进行时的构成
(1)肯定句:主语 + was / were +动词ing形式 + 时间状语。
(2)否定句:主语 + was / were + not + 动词ing形式 + 时间状语。
(3)疑问句:was / were + 主语 + 动词ing形式 + 时间状语 ?
肯定回答:Yes , 主语 + was / were .
否定回答:No, 主语 + was / were + not .
初二下学期英语知识点3
1. It’s +形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是…的。
It’s important to do sth. 做某事很重要。
It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.
It’s easy to do sth. 做某事是容易的。
It’s easy for us to find out the answer. 找出答案对我们来说是容易的
2. 情态动词should的用法
should是情态动词,它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。意为"应该......"。
should(应当,应该)用于所有人称,表示劝告或建议。
eg. ---I have a very bad cold. 我感冒很厉害。
---You should lie down and have a rest. 你应该躺下,多喝水。
3. maybe与may be
(1)maybe是副词,译为“也许、可能”,相当于“perhaps”。如:Maybe he can answer the question. 也许他能回答那个问题。
He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
(2)may be中的may为情态动词,译为“可能是......”。如:
He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我们的英语老师。
4. few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系:
(1)few / a few用来修饰可数名词,few表示否定意义,没有,几乎没有;a few表示肯定意义, 有几个。 例如:
He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友,他感觉寂寞。
There are a few eggs in the basket. 篮子里有几个鸡蛋。
(2)little / a little用来修饰不可数名词,little表示否定意义,没有,几乎没有; a little 表示肯定意义,有一点儿。 例如:
There is little ink in my bottle. Can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗?
5. not…until 直到…(否定句) 才......,动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词。
She didn’t leave until we came.
He went shopping after he got up.
=He didn’t go shopping until /before he got up.
...until/till 直到......(肯定句)动词为延续性动词
We stayed here till/until 12 o’clock.
初二下学期英语知识点4
1. get
( 1 ) 买
get sth. for sb. = get sb. sth. 为某人买某物
Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ?
= Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ?
( 2 ) 得到,到达
Where did you get the book?
When did you get the letter?
He got home late last night.
(3)使,让,get + 宾语 + 宾补 使某人/某物怎么样
Please get you coat clean.
Get your mouth closed.
get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
I got him to call Jim yesterday.
(4)( 逐渐) 变得…...
The weather gets warmer and days get longer .
Why did the teacher get angry ?
2. how about/ what about 后跟名词/代词/动词ing形式。
(1)向对方提出建议或请求
How about going out for a walk?
How about something to eat?
(2)向对方征求意见或看法
How about the TV play ?
How about buying the house now ?
( 3 ) 询问天气或身体情况
How about the weather in Hainan Island ?
How about your parents? Are they living with you ?
( 4 ) 谈话中承接上下文
I’m forty years old. How about you?
I’m from Beijing. How about you?
3. receive 收到
The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday .
receive a letter from = get a letter from = heard from收到某人的信
I received a letter from my parents last Sunday .
= I got a letter from my parents last Sunday .
= I heard from my parents last Sunday .
accept 接受
He couldn’t accept our suggestions but our gifts.
She was very glad to receive the invitation.
I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it .
4. a 6-year-old child 一个六岁的孩子
6-year-old 是由“数词 +名词 + 形容词 ” 构成的复合形容词,作前置定语,修饰后面的名词child。
“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,中间的名词要用单数形式:
a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩
a two-meter-long ruler 一把两米长的尺子
a ten-story-high building 一栋十层高的楼房
a two-inch-thick dictionary 一本两英寸厚的词典
5. too...to… 太……而不能 ……
too 后跟形容词或副词原形, to 后跟动词原形, 构成不定式, 句子 的主语与动词不定的主语不一时, 可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语for sb。
He is too young to join the army ( 军队) . 他年纪太小,不能去参军。
The math problem is too difficult for me to work out . 这道数学题对我来说太难了,做不出。
too...to…可以与enough to和so…that…转换.
She is too young to do the work .
= She isn’t old enough to do the work .
Tom is too tired to walk any farther .
= Tom is so tired that he can’t walk any farther .
6. pay , spend , cost , take 的区别
(1)pay 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是人。 sb. pay some money for sth.
I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week . 我上个星期花了5000买电脑。
(2)spend 花费 ( 多少钱或时间 ),主语是人。
sb. spend some money on sth.
sb. spend some time ( in ) doing sth.
I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week .
She spent 2 hours ( in ) doing her homework . 她花了2个小时做作业。
(3)cost 花费 ( 多少钱 ) , 主语是物。
sth. cost sb. some money.
This jacket cost him 200 dollars. 这件夹克衫花费她200美元。
(4)take 花费 (时间 ),主语形式主语为It.
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
花费某人多少时间做某事
How long does it take sb. to do sth? 花费某人多少时间做某事?
It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework. 刘红花了2个小时做作业。
7. sleep , sleeping, sleepy , asleep , fall asleep , be asleep
(1)sleep 动词, 睡觉, 强调动作。
I am very tired. I want to sleep. 我很累,想睡觉。
(2)sleeping, sleep 的现在分词, 表示“ 正在睡觉”。
Don’t make so much noise. The baby is sleeping. 不要这么吵,宝宝在睡觉。
(3)sleepy 想睡觉的, 困倦的。
I am a little sleepy. I’d like to go to bed. 我有点困了,我想去床上睡觉了。
(4)asleep 睡着了的。
The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school. 老师发现汤姆上课睡觉,放学后就把他留了下来。
(5)fall asleep 强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程, 不能接一段时间。
I couldn’t fall asleep until it was very late last night . 我昨天晚上到很晚才睡着。
(6)be asleep 表示睡着后的状态 , “ 睡着了”, 可以接一段时间。
He was asleep for three hours. 他睡了3个小时。
8. open
( 1 ) 动词, 打开 , 开业, 开张, 展现
Would you mind opening the window ? 你介意我把窗户打开吗?
( 2 ) 形容词, be open 开着的, 开放的
On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public. 在周末,这个 游泳 池是对公众开放的。
9. close 动词, 关闭, 关上 , 合上
closed 形容词, be closed 关着的, 关闭的
10. encourage 动词, 鼓励, 激励
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves.
家长们应该要鼓励孩子们自己动手做事情。
11. progress 名词, “ 进步, 进展”
make progress “取得进步, 取得进展”
Tom is now making great progress at school. 汤姆现在在学校的进步很大。
12. take an interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事感兴趣
否定表达是 take no interest in ( doing ) sth. 对 ( 做 )某事不感兴趣
Do you take an interest in English ? 你对英语感兴趣吗?
Most children take an interest in playing computer games. 大多数孩子对电脑游戏很感兴趣。
13. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友
Would you like to make friends with us? 你想和我们交朋友吗?
初二下学期英语知识点5
1. 关于 to 的短语 总结
have to do sth. 不得不/必须做某事
need to do sth. 需要做某事
hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
like to do sth. 喜欢做某事
want to do sth. 想做某事
love to do sth. 热爱做某事
forget to do sth. 忘记做某事
start to do sth. 开始做某事
begin to do sth. 开始做某事
ask sb to do sth. 请某人做某事
2. ---Could you please clean your room?
---Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can't. I have to do my homework first.
---Could I please use the car?
---Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. / No, you can't. I have to go out.
在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中,常用 could 代替 can,以表示礼貌,委婉或不确定的语气,而 can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把 could 看作 can 的过去式。以上两句中用 could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时,除了 can, could 之外,还可以用 may,句子的表达方式也各有不同,可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例:
Could / Can / May I use your car for a day?
作允答可以各种各样:
如同意可以说 Yes,或 Sure 或 Certainly,还可说 Yes, (do) please.或 Of course. (you may / can). 或 That's OK / all right.
如果不同意,可以说 I'm sorry you can't. 或 I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说 No, you can't. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。
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⑵ 初二英语下册英语语法知识总结
英语动词中,有的后面要接名词或代词等作宾语,有的单独作谓语,而有的后面要接形容词或名词等做主语的补充成分。下面是我给大家带来的初二英语下册英语语法知识点 总结 ,希望能够帮助到大家!
感官系动词
我们把后面接主语补充成分的动词称为系动词。
1. 最常用的系动词是be,另外还有5个感官系动词,如:look(看上去),taste(尝上去),feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来)等。例如:
The film is interesting. 这部电影很有趣。
The cookies smell delicious. 这些曲奇闻起来很香。
The soup tastes too salty. 汤尝起来太咸了。
The bed feels hard. 这床摸上去很硬。
The idea sounds quite good. 这个想法听起来非常好。
All the children look happy. 所有的孩子看起来都很开心。
上面用到的系动词smell,taste,feel,sound,look相当于汉语中的闻起来,尝起来,摸上去,听上去,看起来的概念。
2. 要注意这类系动词和系动词be不同,其否定形式和疑问形式的构成要借助动词do。例如:
The dishes do not smell very nice. 这些菜闻起来不太好。
Does he look worried? 他看上去担心吗?
The cake does not taste very good. 这 蛋糕 尝起来不太好。
现在完成时(一)
1. 现在完成时定义:强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例如:
Betty went to the park yesterday. (强调去公园的动作发生在昨天)
Betty has been to the park before. (强调不仅去过公园,而且了解公园的状况)
2. 现在完成时的谓语结构:have/has + 动词的过去分词
例如:
I’ve always wanted to go on a dream holiday.
句中的谓语结构为:have wanted
Lingling has visited the US.
句中的谓语结构为:has visited
3. 句式结构
(1)肯定句式:主语+have / has+动词过去分词+其他。
(2)否定句式:主语+have / has+not+动词过去分词+ 其他。have not 和has not 分别缩写为haven’t和hasn’t。
(3)一般疑问句式:Have / Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他? 肯定答语为Yes, 主语+have / has.;否定答语为No, 主语+haven’t / hasn’t.
4. 过去分词的构成
规则动词过去分词的构成规则与规则动词过去式的构成规则相同。
(1)动词一般在词尾加“-ed”。如:work→worked→worked
(2)以“e”结尾的动词,词尾直接加“-d”。 如:live→lived→lived
(3)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,将“y”变为 “i”,再加“-ed”。如:cry→cried→cried
(4)以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“-ed”。如:stop→stopped→stopped
欢现在完成时(二)
1. 当表示动作已经完成,并对现在有一定影响时,我们一般用现在完成时。同时,可分用just, already或yet加以强调或说明。例如:
I have just heard the news. 我刚听到消息。
Astronauts have already been to the moon. 宇航员已经去过月球了。
He has just started to explore other planets. 我们才刚刚开始探索其他行星。
可以看出,just 用来表示“刚刚”, already 用来表示“已经”,两者都用于肯定句中,一般是置于have / has 之后。在否定句中则可用yet, 表示“还未”, 有“以后可以会”的含义。
例如:
The scientists have not heard from it yet. 科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。
Man has not discovered any life in space yet. 人类尚未在太空中发现生命。
2. 另外,在使用现在完成时的时候,要注意与一般过去时的区别。现在完成时在表达经历时只表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的,重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响。而一般过去时则表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。例如:
I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦,上个月去的。
I have already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago. 我已经完成家庭作业了,一小时前完成的。
3. 在没有明确的过去时间状语时,如何判断该用现在完成时还是该用过去时呢?判断的标准是看该行为是否对现在有影响,也就是说该句强调的是什么。试看以下对话:
A: Where have you put my book? I can’t find it. 你把我的书放哪儿去了?我找不到。
B: I put it on your desk yesterday. 我昨天放你桌子上了。
该对话中,当A 问对方把自己的书放在何处时,A 感兴趣的是现在的状态,因此用现在完成时。但是B 回答时只是说明当时放的位置,所以用一般过去时。再看下面的对话:
A: Would you like to go and see the film with me tonight ? 你今晚想和我去看电影吗?
B: Sorry, I have seen it already. 不好意思,我已经看过那部电影了。
对话中的现在完成时表示对结果的强调:“电影看过了,所以不想再看了。
现在完成时(三)
1. 现在完成时定义:也可以表示某一动作从过去一直延续到现在。
例如:Jane has kept the book for three days. 简已经借这本书三天了。
The boy has had the bike since last Sunday. 自从上周五,这个男孩就买了这辆自行车。
2. 现在完成时的时间 短语 :for和since时间短语是现在完成时的常用时间短语,是现在完成时的标志。
for后面加时间段,表示一段时间。
例如:for two weeks;for one month
since后面加时间点,表示自……以来。
例如:since last week;since 2008
注意:对for和since时间短语提问用How long
注意:动词分为延续性动词(表示延续性的动作或状态)和瞬间动词(表示动作在瞬间完成)。
延续性动词常和表示时间段的短语连用。例如for短语和since短语。
瞬间动词不能和for短语和since短语连用。
例如:His father has died for two years.(×)
His father has been dead for two years. (√)
一般过去时常犯错误
1. 把动词变为过去式易出错。
例如:They stoped talking just now.
解析:stop的过去时为stopped。辅音加y,y变i加ed;元音加y,在词尾直 接加ed。
2. 忘记把动词变为过去式。
例如:I fly kites on the afternoon of last Sunday.
解析:fly应该用过去式flew。对此,我们应该记住在一般过去时的时态里,过去式不要忘记。
3. 在句式变换时出错。
例如:We didn’t went last Friday.
解析:didn’t went应改为didn’t go。请记住“见助动词用原形”。
4. 易与现在完成时弄混。
例如:I saw the film, so I don’t want to go now.
解析:正确答案为:I have seen the film, so I don’t want to go now.“我不想去”说明了我了解这部影片的内容,强调现在的情况,应该用现在完成时。
时态区分
一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时。观察下列 句子 。
1. I often watch cartoons films. 我经常看卡通片。
2. I watched Spiderman last week. 我上周看了《蜘蛛侠》。
3. I have already watched Spiderman. I do not want to watch it again. 我已看过《蜘蛛侠》了,不想再看了。
可以看出:
1. 经常性、习惯性的动作,所以用一般现在时。
2. 在过去某个时间发生的行为,用一般过去时。
3. 动作也是在过去,但是没有明确的表示过去的时间,并且强调的是结果,即现在不想看了,所以用现在完成时。
简单句的基本结构
英语是一种结构型的语言,动词在句型构成中起着重要作用。英语的句子以谓语为中心,前面是动作的执行者(被动语态除外),后面接动作的承受者。
1. 主语+系动词+表语(+状语)
主语
系动词
表语
状语
These books
are
interesting.
Tom
is
very happy
today.
2. 主语+谓语(不及物动词)(+状语)
主语
谓语
状语
The first book
came out
in 2009.
The rain
has stopped.
3.(状语+)主语+谓(及物动词+宾(+状语)
状语
主语
谓语
宾语
状语
I
bought
a very good book
last week.
Every day
my mother
prepares
breakfast
for me.
4.主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 +(状语)
主语
谓语
间接宾语
直接宾语
状语
His hobby
has brought
him
enjoyment.
My father
bought
me
a very good bike
on my birthday.
5.主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语(+状语)
主语
谓语
宾语
宾语补足语
状语
We
can help
you
develop new skills.
step by step.
I
do not want
you
to work too hard.
The news
made
everyone
happy.
6. There +be +主语(+状语)
There
be
主语
状语
There
are
many books
in his schoolbag.
There
is
a very nice cup
on the table.
并列复合句
1. 并列复合句的定义:由并列连词and, but, or等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。
例如:
Jane has kept the book for three days and she must return it tomorrow. 简保留这本书已经三年了,她明天必须归还。
The boy fell off the bike, but he didn’t hurt. 这个男孩从自行车上摔下来,但是没有受伤。
2. 并列复合句的构成:简单句+并列连词+简单句
例如:
I help him and he helps me. 我帮助他,他帮助我。
You must put on your coat, or you’ll have a bad cold in such a cold day. 你必须穿上外套,否则,在这样冷的天气里,你一定会得重感冒的。
3. 并列连词前后简单句之间的关系。
(1)并列关系。
They are watching TV, and the others are listening to the radio. 他们正在看电视,其他人正在听收音机。
(2)选择关系。
The children can go with us, or they can stay at home. 孩子们可以和我们一起去,或者,他们也可以待在家里。
(3)转折关系。
She was tired, but she did not stop working. 她累了,但她没有停止工作。
4. 使用并列复合句要注意的两种情况。
(1)并列复合句有时可不用连词,而用分号隔开(前后句之间的关系须相当紧密)。如:We fished all day; we did not catch a single fish.
(2)并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分,则相同的部分常可省略。如:Snoopy lives in his own world and (Snoopy) finds real life hard to understand.
宾语从句
1. 宾语从句定义
我们在第六模块复习了简单句的几种基本句型, 其中有一种是“主语+谓语+宾语”的结构。其中, 名词、代词、动词的-ing形式或to do形式都可以作宾语,例如buy a book, beat him, stop doing sth., want to do sth.等。这些例子中的宾语是用一个单词或短语来表达的。
但是, 当要用英语表达“我知道你昨天去看电影了”时,我们就无法在know后用一个单词表达出“你昨天去看电影了”这个意思。“你昨天去看电影了”这个结构中包含行为本身,行为的发出者和行为的承受者,是一个完整的句子,因此只能用句子表达。这种放在动词后面作宾语的句子, 我们称为“宾语从句”。
2. 宾语从句分为三类:
(1)that 引导的宾语从句
I hope (that) it will snow this winter. 我希望这个冬天下雪。
(2)whether/if 引导的宾语从句
I’m not sure if he will come. 我不确定他明天是否来。
(3)疑问词引导的宾语从句
I want to know what he will do next. 我想知道接下来他要做什么。
3. that引导的宾语从句
当谓语动词表示肯定的概念,如“希望、相信、知道、说”时,其后面的句子一般用that引导。that 没有任何词汇含义,只有语法功能,目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是宾语从句。多数情况下 that 可以省略。例如:
I hope (that) it will snow this winter. 我希望这个冬天下雪。
Betty thinks (that) trees can improve the air. 贝蒂认为树木可以改善空气。
常接 that 宾语从句的谓语动词有:believe, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, under, stand, warn, wish等。
4. 宾语从句的时态
主句中谓语动词是一般现在时,从句中谓语动词的时态不受限制,可根据具体情况判断时态;主句中谓语动词是一般过去时,从句中也必须要用某种过去时态,以保持时态的前后呼应。注意当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、 名言 时,则用一般现在时,不受主句时态的限制。
试比较:
He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。(现在)
He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。(过去)
He says that he is mending his bike. 他说他正在 修理 自行车。(现在)
He said that he was mending his bike. 他说他正在修理自行车。(过去)
The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
5. 宾语从句的否定转移
主句是 I/We think/suppose/guess/ believe 等,从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中,这就是否定转移。
我认为鸡不会 游泳 。
误:I think chickens can not swim.
正:I don't think chickens can swim.
whether/if引导的宾语从句
如果我们要表达像“他不知道他们周六是否会去植树”或“我记不清以前是否见过他”这样的不确定的概念时,从句就要用 whether 或 if 来引导,不能用 that。
例如:
He does not know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not. 他不知道他们周六是否会去植树。
He asks whether/if we will go fishing on Sunday. 他问我们周日是否去钓鱼。
Tom wants to know whether/if he needs to come early tomorrow. 汤姆想知道他明天是否需要早点来。
注意:if与whether引导宾语从句时都有“是否”的意思,一般情况下可以互换。但是在动词不定式之前、介词之后或者句尾有or not出现时,一般只能用whether。
例如:We haven’t decided whether to go or not. 我们还没决定是否会去。
疑问词引导的宾语从句
通过本模块的学习,相信同学们已经注意到,有的宾语从句既不用that引导,也不用whether或if引导,而是用when,where,how或why等疑问词引导,这是从句意思表达的需要。
例如要表达“他问什么时间出发”时,句中的“什么时间”之类的疑问时,我们就要使用相应的疑问词来引导从句。但是,在疑问词引导的宾语从句中,一定要用陈述句语序。例如:
He asks how we can help protect the environment. 他问我们如何帮助保护环境。
Do you know when we will hold the sports meeting? 你知道我们什么时候举办运动会吗?
宾语从句的时态
1. 在前两个模块中,我们学习了三种宾语从句。
除了我们讲过的引导词和语序问题,还有一个时态问题。请同学们观察下面宾语从句的时态特点。
I can hardly believe we are in the city centre.
I am sure it will be fantastic to see the city from the top.
I did not know who she was.
We thought somebody was moving about.
Lingling’s uncle said that it was wrong to pull leaves off plants.
从上面的句子中我们不难发现,宾语从句的时态和主句的时态是息息相关的。
当主句是现在时态时,从句可以根据实际情况选择不同时态。
当主句是过去时态时,从句一般使用相应的过去时态。
2. 时态运用
(1)当主句是现在时态时,从句可以根据实际情况选择不同时态。
现在时包括一般现在时、现在进行时、一般将来时和现在完成时。
He tells us that he will go shopping later. 他告诉我他一会儿去购物。
I don’t know why you were surprised. 我不知道你为什么如此惊讶。
(2)当主句是过去时态时,从句一般使用相应的过去时态。
过去时态包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时。
He asked if he could watch TV after finishing his homework. 他问他完成作业后是否可以看电视。
3. 当宾语从句为客观事实、客观真理时,要用一般现在时。
He told me that the earth goes round the sun. 他(过去)告诉我地球绕着太阳转。
⑶ 初二英语语法常见知识点汇总
英语语法是重点部分,下面我就大家整理一下初二英语语法常见知识点汇总,仅供参考。
应掌握的英语词组
1.go to the movies 去看电影 2.look after=take care of 照顾
2..surf the internet 上网 4.healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
3..go skate boarding 去划板 6.keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
4.exercise=tach)exercise=do sports锻炼 8.eating habits 饮食习惯
5.take more exercise 做更多的运动 10.the same as 与什么相同
6.be different from 不同 12.once a month一月一次
7.twice a week一周两次 14.make a difference to 对什么有影响
8.how often 多久一次 16.although=though虽然
语法句式部分
1.陈述句
肯定陈述句
a) This is a book. (be动词)
b) He looks very young. (连系动词)
c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)
e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)
否定陈述句
a) These aren’t their books.
b) They don’t look nice.
c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School.
d) Kate can’t find her doll.
e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)
中考英语重点句型
常使用动词不定式的短语
1、It’s time to do sth. It’s time for sth
该作某事的时候了.
2、can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事
3、ask /telle sb. (not ) to do sth.
要求/告诉某人(不)作某事
4、allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人作某事
5、be supposed to do sth. 应该作某事
6、Would like /want (sb.) to do sth. 想要作某事
7、have sth/nothing to do 有…时要做/与…无关
8、find it +adj. to do sth. 发觉作某事…
9、prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
宁愿作某事,而不愿作某事
10、It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.
以上就是我为大家整理的初二英语语法常见知识点汇总。
⑷ 初二英语下册语法归纳有哪些
要想学好英语,就必须学好英语知识点中的英语语法。那么初二英语下册语法归纳有哪些?下面是我分享给大家的初二英语下册语法归纳,希望大家喜欢!
初二英语下册语法归纳
1) leave的用法
1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如: When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的?
2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如: Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如: Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京? 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如: How should I know? 我怎么知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚? should有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如: We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点:
1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如: You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如:
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如: We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...?
1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是what仅用来询问职业。如: What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的? 该句相当于:
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如: ---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特?
---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。
2. What...?是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而 Which...?是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制。如:
What color do you like best? (所有颜色) 你最喜爱什么颜色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范围) 你最喜爱哪一种颜色?
3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如: Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国? 4) 频度副词的位置
1.常见的频度副词有以下这些: always(总是,一直) usually(通常) often(常常,经常) sometimes(有时候) never(从不) 2.频度副词的位置:
a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如: David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。 b.放在行为动词前。如:
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在7:10去上学。
c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调。如: Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车。
3.never放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装。如: Never have I been there. 5) every day 与 everyday
1. every day 作状语,译为“每一天”。如: We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天7:10去上学。
I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。
2. everyday 作定语,译为“日常的”。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。 What's your everyday activity? 你的日常活动是什么? 6) 什么是助动词
1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。
助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如: He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义) 2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来: a. 表示时态,例如: He is singing. 他在唱歌。 He has got married. 他已结婚。 b. 表示语态,例如:
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。 c. 构成疑问句,例如:
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗? d. 与否定副词not合
初二英语下册第一单元知识点
Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from?
一、词组
be from= come form 来自...
pen pal=pen friend 笔友 l
ike and dislike 好恶;爱憎。
live in +地点 在...居住
speak +语言 讲某种语言
play sports 做体育运动
a little French 一些法语
go to the movies 去看电影
write to sb 给某人写信
an action movie 一部动作片
on weekends 在周末
tell sb about sth 告诉某人某事
Excuse me 对不起,打扰
get to 到达、抵达。
二、句型
1、Where+be+主语+from?
主语+be+from+地点.
2、Where do/does+主语+live?
主语+live/lives in…
3、What language do/does +主语+speak?
主语+speak/speaks….
4、主语+like/likes+doing/to do…
5. What is your favorite subject/sport?
My favorite subject/sport is…
6.Is that your new pen pal?
-Yes, it is.
初二英语下册第二单元知识点
Unit 2 Where’s the post office
一、词组
post office 邮局
pay phone 投币式公用电话
next to 在...隔壁
across from 在...对面
in front of 在...前面
between…and…在...和...之间
on a street 在街上
in the neighborhood 在附近
on the right/left 在右边/在左边
behind…在…后面
near…在…附近
go straight 一直走
enjoy+名词/doing喜欢做某事
have fun 过得愉快
turn right/left 向右/左转
take a walk 散步
have fun 玩得开心
the way to …去...的路
take a taxi 打的/乘出租车
go down(along)…沿着...走
go through...穿过..
have a good trip 旅途愉快
arrive at(小地方) /in(大地方)到达
at the beginning of 在...开始的时候
at the end of 在...结束的时候
二、日常交际用语
1、Is there a bank near here? Yes, there is .It’s on Centre Street. /No, there isn’t.
2、Where’s the supermarket? It’s next to the library.
3、Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.
4、I hope you have a good trip.
5.If you are hungry,you can buy food in the restaurant.
6、Talk a walk though the park..
7. I know you are arriving next Sunday. 我知道你下周日要来。
三、句型
1、Is there a ….?
-Excuse me.Is there a hotel in the neighborhood. -Yes, there is. No.there isn’t
2、Where is …?
-Where is the park,please?
-It’s behind the bank.(肯定回答)
-I’m sorry I don’t know. (否定回答)
3、Which is the way to +地点?
- Which is the way to the library.
4、How can I get to +地点?
-How can I get to the restaurant?
5、Can you tell me the way to +地点?
- Can you tell me the way to the post office?
6、Let me tell you the way to my house.
7、Just go straight and turn left.
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⑸ 八年级下册英语知识点归纳
知识是人们前进的最大动力,因为有知识,我们知道我们从哪里来,也知道我们将要到哪里去。下面我给大家分享一些 八年级 下册英语知识归纳,希望能够帮助大家,欢迎阅读!
八年级下册英语知识归纳1
Unti1what’s the matter?
短语 归纳
1.too much 太多 2.liedown 躺下
3.get an X-ray 做个X光检查 4.take one ’s temperature 量体温
5.put some medicine on ......在....上敷药 6.have a fever 发烧
7.take breaks/take a break 休息 8.without thinking twice 没多想
9.get off 下车 10.take sb to the hospital 送某人去医院
11.wait for等待 12.to one’s surprise 使.......惊讶的
13.thanks to多亏于;由于 14.in time及时
15.think about 考虑 16.havea heart problem患有心脏病
17.get into the trouble 遇到麻烦 18.do the right thing做正确的事情事情
19.fall down 摔倒 20.put ...... on sth把...放在某物上
21.get hit/sunburned 摔伤/烧伤 22.be interested in 对.....感兴趣
23.be used to 习惯于.... 24.take risks/take a risk 挑战
25.lose one’slife 失去生命 26.because of 因为
27.run out of 用完 28.cut off 切除
29.get out of 从...出来 30.make adecision/decisions 做决定
31.be in control of 掌管;管理 32.give up 放弃
用法归纳
1.need to do sth .需要去做某事 2.see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事
3.ask sb sth 询问某人某事 4.expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事
5.agree to do sth 同意做某事 6.help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
7.want to do sth 想要做某事 8.tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事
9.have problems(in) doing sth 做某事有困难 10.use sth to do sth用某物去做某事
11.be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 12.seem to do sth 好像做某事
13.keep on doing sth 继续做某事 14.mind doing sth 介意做某事
语法点
1.询问某人的健康问题及遇到麻烦的表达 方法
2.情态动词should的用法
3.不定代词的用法
精细解读
1. What’s thematter (with you)? 怎么了?出什么事了?
What’s the trouble/ the problem /wrong with sb./ sth.?
2. I had a cold.我感冒了。
have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒 have afever发烧 have a cough咳嗽
have a stomachache胃疼,肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼
3. 身体部位+ache(疼痛)构成新的复合词
stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛
4. much too+形容词或副词,意为太。。。,too much+不可数名词,意为太多。。。。
5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地,enough放在名词后,形副后。
good enough足够好,enough money足够的钱
6. lie down躺下, lie 躺,躺着,过去式lay;lie说谎,过去式lied
7. maybe “或许”,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加 句子 。Maybe you are right.
may be,是情态动词+be的结构,意为“可能,也许”,后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.
8. sound like+名词代词和从句:It sounds like you don’t know thetruth. It sounds like agood idea.
sound+形容词,“听起来,好像”,The musicsounds nice.
9. need 需要,实义动词need+名词,需要某物;
need to do sth.需要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作:You need to listen carefully ring class.
need doing sth.主语通常是物,表示被动的动作:Your dirty clothes need washing.
10. get off (the bus) 下(公交车) get on 上车
11. agree 同意,赞同;同意做某事agree to do ,同意某人的看法、观点agree with sb。
12. trouble问题,麻烦;be in trouble 陷入困境,make trouble 制造麻烦 ,have trouble(in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 。
13. right away=right now=at once,意为 立刻,马上 。
14. run out用完,用尽 When his water run out, he knew thathe would have to do something to save his own life.
物sth. run out. 某物用尽了。 人sb. run out of sth..人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.
15. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险
16. the importance of (doing) sth.(做)某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English.
importance n. 重要(性), important adj.重要的,unimportant adj.不重要的
17. decision 【名词】决定;抉择; make a decision 做决定
18. be in the control of …掌管,管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school.
be out of control无法控制,无法管理
八年级下册英语知识归纳2
Unit 2I’ll help to clean the city parks
短语归纳
1.clean up 打扫干净 2.cheerup (使)变得更高兴;振奋起来
3.give out 分发 4.used to 曾经......;过去........
5.give away 赠送;捐赠 6.set up 建立;设立
7.make a difference有作为 8.come up with 想出
9.put off 推迟 10.put up 张贴
11.call up 打电话给 12.help out 帮助.....摆脱困难
13.care for 照顾;照看 14.giveup 放弃
15.try out for 参加选拔 16.come true 实现
17.run out of 用光 18.take after 与.....相像
19.fix up 修理 20.be similiar to 与......相似
用法归纳
1.need to do sth 需要做某事 2.make plan to do sth 制定计划做某事
3.ask sb (not ) to do sth 要求某人(不要)做某事
4.used to dosth 过去常常做某事 5.decide to do sth 决定做某事
6.help sb(to)do sth 帮助某人做某事 7.makea difference to 对......产生影响
8.make itpossible for sb to do sth 使得做某事对某人来说是可能的
拓展链接
动词+副词短语
cheer up 使高兴起来 clean up 打扫干净 put up 张贴 mix up 修理
give away 赠送 give out 分发 give up 放弃 use up用光 get up 起床
hand in 上交 put off 推迟 pick up 捡起 think over 仔细思考 turn down 关小音量
set up 建立 set off 出发 look out 小心
动词+介词短语
look after 照顾 belong to 属于 take after 与....相像 hear from 收到.....来信
hear of 听说 pay for 支付 wait for 等待
动词+副词+介词 短语
get out of 避免 come up with 想出 catch up with 追上赶上look forward to 期待盼望
go on with 继续
动词+名词 短语
have a rest 休息一下 take a walk 散步 make mistakes 犯错 have a try 试一下
take place 发生 tell a lie 撒谎 make a decision 做决定
动词+名词+介词短语
have a lookat 看一看 make a friend with 与.....交朋友pay attentionto 注意 make fun of 取笑
Be+形容词+介词短语
be late for 迟到 be angry with 生气 be fond of 喜欢 be good at 擅长
be good for 对...有好处 be short of 缺乏 be similiar to与......相似
be strict with 对......严格要求 be poundof 骄傲自豪
语法点
动词不定式归纳
只跟动词不定式做宾语的动词
决心学会有希望( decide,learn,wish,hope)
同意计划莫假装(agree,plan,pretend)
忘记拒绝会失望(forget,refuse,fail)
准备设法来帮忙(prepare,try,manage,help)
提供请求负担起(offer,beg,afford)
记得阻止理应当(remember stop,be supposed)
八年级下册英语知识归纳3
Unit3 Could you please clean your room?
短语归纳
1.do the dishes 洗餐具 2.take out the trash 倒垃圾 3.at least 至少
4.throw down扔下 5.all the time 一直;反复
6.in surprise 惊讶地 7.as soon as 一......就......
8.spend......on......在......花费(时间、金钱、精力)
9. in order to 为了 10.provide sth for sb 向某人提供某物
11.depend on 依赖;信赖 12.look after 照顾;照看
13.take care of 照顾 14.as a result 结果
用法归纳
1.finish doing sth 做完某事 2.want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事
3.try (not) to do sth 尽力(不)做某事 4.let sb do sth 让某人做某事
5.spend......(in) doing sth 花费......做某事
6.mind doing sth 介意做某事 7.learn to do sth 学习做某事
8.learn how to do sth 学习怎样做某事
9.The +比较级,the+比较级 越......,就越.....
语法点
情态动词could 的用法
表示请求与准许,could 委婉有礼貌;
表示能力会不会,could只把过去表
八年级下册英语知识归纳4
Unit 4why don’t you talk to your parents?
短语归纳
1.too much太多(修饰不可数名词) 2.hangout 闲逛
3.too many 太多(修饰可数名词复数) 4.get into a fight 争吵
5.call sb up 给某人打电话 6.talk about 谈论
7.look through 浏览 8.give back 归还
9.be angry with sb 生某人的气 10.a big deal 重要的事情
11.work out 解决;算出 12.get on with sb 与某人和睦相处
13.communicate with sb 与某人交流 14.be worried about 担心.....
15.be afraid of 害怕..... 16.in front of在...前面
17.not... any more 不再... 18.so much/many 那么多
19.compete with sb 与某人竞争 20.cut out删除;删去
21.all kinds of 各种各样 22.compare....with.....比较;对比
23.in one’s opinion 依...看 24.turn down 调小
用法归纳
1.allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 2.why don’t you do sth?为什么不做某事呢?
3.why not do sth ?为什么不做某事呢? 4.find sb doing sth 发现某人在做某事
5.tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 6.refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
7.let sb do sth 让某人做某事 8.offer to do sth 主动提供做某事
9.not....until....直到....才... 10.it’stime to do sth 该做某事了
11.it +adj+to do sth 做某事是.....的 12.keep on doing sth 继续做某事
13.what do you think of...?你认为....怎么样?
语法点
1.Why don’t you+V.......?等提出建议的句型及常用的答语
2.连词until,so that 以及although 引导的状语从句
八年级下册英语知识归纳5
Unit5what were you doing when the rainstorm came?
短语归纳
1.wait for 等待 2.look for 寻找
3.go off (闹铃)发出声音 4.take a shower 洗澡
5.pick up 接电话;捡起 6.make sure 确信;务必
7.have fun 玩的开心 8.fall asleep入睡;睡觉
9.die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失 10.wake up 醒来;叫醒
11.in a mess 乱七八糟 12.take photos 照相
13.turn on 打开 14.in silence 沉默地;无声地
15.take down摧毁;拆卸;记下 16.tell the truth 说实话
17.point out 指出 18.go away 消失
19.as well 也
用法归纳
1.be busy doing sth/be busy with sth 忙于(做)某事
2.see sb /sth doing sth 看见某人或某物正在做某事
3.begin/start to do sth 开始做某事
4.try to do sth 努力去做某事
5.have trouble(in)doing sth做某事有困难
语法点
过去进行时
过去进行最好记,was/were+doing
特定时间有暗示,过去某刻某时段
肯定主语在句首,一般问句Be提前
否定句式更简单,Be后只把not添
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★ 人教版八年级下册英语知识点总结
★ 初二英语下册英语语法知识总结
★ 八年级下册英语知识点
★ 2017八年级下册英语重点知识点总结
★ 八年级英语下册知识总结
⑹ 八年级英语下册知识总结归纳
知识才是力量,只有知识能使我们诚实地爱人,尊重人的劳动,由衷地赞赏无间断的伟大劳动的美好成果;只有知识才能使我们成为具有坚强精神的、诚实的、有理性的人。下面我给大家分享一些 八年级 英语下册知识 总结 归纳,希望能够帮助大家,欢迎阅读!
八年级英语下册知识总结1
I’ve had this bike for three years.
【重点单词】
yard [jɑ:d] n. 院子
yard sale 庭院拍卖会
sweet [swi:t] adj. & n. 甜的,糖果
memory [?mem?r?] n. 记忆, 记忆力 ,回忆
cent [sent] n. 分,分币
toy [t?i] n. 玩具
bear [b??] n. 熊
maker [?me?k?(r)] n. 生产者,制造者
bread maker 面包机
scarf [skɑ:f] n. 围巾,披巾,头巾
soft [s?ft] adj. 柔软的
soft toy 软体玩具,布绒玩具
check [t?ek] n. & v. 餐馆账单;检查
check out 察看,观察
board [b?:d] n. 板子,甲板
board game 棋类游戏
junior [?d?u:n??(r)] adj. 地位低下的
junior high school 初中
clear [kl??] adj. 清晰的,清澈的
clear out 清理,清除掉
bedroom [?bedru:m] n. 卧室
no longer 不再,不复
own [?un] adj. 属于自己的
railway [?re?lwe?] n. 铁路,铁道
part [pɑ:t] n. 部分,零部件
part with 放弃,交出
certain [?s?:tn] adj. 某一,确定的,无疑的
as for 至于,关于
honest [??n?st] adj. 诚实的,正直的
to be honest 说实在的
while [wail] conj. & n. 当...时候,一段时间,一会儿
truthful [?tru:θfl] adj. 诚实的,真实的
hometown [?h??mta?n] n. 家乡,故乡
nowadays [?na??de?z] adv. 现今,现在,目前
search [s?:t?] v. 搜索,搜查
among [??m??] prep. 在…中间;在…之中
crayon ['kre??n] n. 彩色铅笔
shame [?e?m] n. 羞耻
regard [r?'ɡɑ:d] n. & v. 致敬,问候;将…视为
count [kaunt] n. & v. 计算,计数;有价值
century ['sent??r?] n. 世纪,百年
according [?'k?:d??] adv. 依照,按照
opposite [??p?zit] prep. & adj. 在…对面,与…相对;对面的
especially [??spe??li] adv. 特别,尤其
childhood [?t?a?ldh?d] n. 孩童时期
consider [k?n?sid?] v. 仔细考虑,思考,注视,
close to 几乎,接近
hold [h?uld] v. 拥有,抓住
【重点 短语 】
1. these days 目前,现在
2.regard with great interest 以极大的兴趣关注着
3. in order to 为了
4.so far 迄今,到目前为止
5. in need 需要
6. not...any more 不再.....
7. welcome to sp 欢迎来到.....
8.check out 察看,观察
9. board games 棋类游戏
10. one last thing 最后一样东西
11. junior high school 初级中学
12.clear out 清理
13. no longer 不再
14.toy monkey 玩具猴
15. part with 与.....分开
16. to be honest 说实在的
17. ride a bike 骑自行车
18. have a yard sale 进行庭院拍卖会
19. one’s old things 某人的旧东西
20. bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回忆
21. give away 捐赠
22. play for a while 玩一会
23. do with 处理,处置
24. search for work 找工作
25.for the last 13 years 在过去的13年里
26. the mid-20th century 20世纪中期
27. stay the same 保持原状
28. according to 依照,按照
29. in one’s opinion 依......看
30. in my time 在我那个年代
【重点句型】
1. Have long have you had that bike over there? 那边的那辆自行车你买了多久了?
2. Amy has had her favorite book for three years . 艾米拥有她最喜欢的书3年了。
3. He has owned it since his fourth birthday. 自他四岁生日起,他拥有这个东西了。
4. Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year. 有些人依然住在家乡,然而,另一些人可能一年只能回家乡一两次。
5. As for me ,I did not want to give up my football shirts,but to be honest, I have not played for a while now. 至于我,我不想放弃我的 足球 衣,但是,说实在的,我现在已经有一段时间没有踢球了。
6. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things? 你是否曾经想过要举办一个庭院拍卖会来出售东西?
7. What would you do with the money you raise?
你会怎样处理你所筹集到得钱?
八年级英语下册知识总结2
Have you ever been to a museum?
【重点单词】
amusement [???mju:zm?nt] n. 娱乐,消遣,游戏
amusement park 游乐场
somewhere [?s?mwe?] adv. 某处,在某处
camera [?k?m?r?] n. 照相机
invention [?n?ven?n] n. 发明,创造
invent [in?vent] v. 发明,创造
unbelievable [??nb??li:v?bl] adj. 难以置信的,不真实的
progress [?pr??ɡres] n. 进步,进展
rapid [?r?p?d] adj. 迅速的,快速的
unusual [??n?ju:?u?l] adj. 特别的,不寻常的
toilet [?t??l?t] n. 坐便器,厕所
encourage [in?k?rid?] v. 鼓励,激励
social [?s?u??l] adj. 社会的
peaceful [?pi:sful] adj. 和平的,平静的
tea art 茶艺
performance [p??f?:m?ns] n. 表演,演出
perfect [?p?:f?kt] adj. 完美的,理想的,完全的
tea set 茶具
itself [it?self] pron. 它自己,它本身
collect [k??lekt] v. 收集
a couple of 一对,两个,几个
German [?d??:m?n] n. & adj. 德语,德国人(的)
theme [θi:m] n. 题目,主题, 作文
ride [ra?d] n. & v. 骑,乘;(短途)旅程
province ['pr?v?ns] n. 省,省份
thousand [?θa?znd] num. 一千
thousands of 数以千计的,许许多多的
safe [seif] adj. 安全的, 保险 的
simply [?simpli] adv. 仅仅,只,不过
fear [fi?] n. & v. 恐惧,害怕
whether [?we??(r)] conj.不管…还是,或者…或者,是否
Indian [??ndj?n] adj. 印度的,印度人的
Japanese [?d??p??ni:z] n. & adj. 日本人,日语;日本的
fox [f?ks] n. 狐狸
all year around 全年
equator [i?kweit?] n. 赤道
whenever [wen?ev?] conj. 无论何时
spring [spri?] n. 春天
mostly [?m?ustli] adv. 大多数地,主要地,通常
location [l???ke??n] n. 地点,位置
【重点短语】
1. at night 在晚上
2.in a more natural environment 在一个更加自然的环境中
3. all year round 一年到头,终年
4.be far from 离......远
5.in the dark 在黑暗中
6. in the past 在过去
7.have been to sp 去过某地
8.science museum科学博物馆
9.history museum 历史博物馆
10.amusement park 游乐园
11.go somewhere different 去不同的地方
12.go skating 去滑冰
13.take the subway 坐地铁
14.a great way to spend a Saturday afternoon 一个过周六下午的好办法
15.all the old movie camera 所有的古老的电影摄影机
16. learn about sth 了解有关.....的情况
17. on the weekend 在周末
18.camp in the mountains 在大山里露营
19.put up a tent 搭帐篷
20.in such a rapid way 以如此速猛的方式
21.different kinas of 各种各样的
22.development of toilets 厕所的发展
23.social groups 社会团体
24.the tea art performances 茶艺表演
25. make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets.用漂亮的茶具沏一杯完美的茶
26. a nice place to enjoy tea 一个品茶的好地方
27.Thousands of 数以千计的
28.international Museum of Toilets 国际厕所博物馆
29.the Terracotta Army 兵马俑
30.southeast Asia 东南亚
31.night Safari 夜间动物园
32.three quarters 四分之三
33. an English-speaking country 一个讲英语的国家
34.have a problem doing sth 做某事很困难
35.ring the daytime 在白天
36. a couple of times 好几次
37.right now 现在,目前
38. an amusement park with a special theme 一个有特别的主题的游乐园
39. Walk around the park 在公园里到处走
40. hear of 听说
41. take a ride 兜风
42. another province 另一个省
43. the Bird’s Nest 鸟巢
44. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
45. on the one hand....on the other hand 一方面,另一方面
【重点句型】
1. Have you ever been to a science museum? 你曾经去过科学博物馆吗?
2.Let's go somewhere different today. 让我们今天去不同的地方吧。
3. It's unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way. 科技以如此速猛的方式发展真是令人难以置信啊!
4. Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food, you,ll find it all in Singapore! 不管你喜欢印度食品,西方食品还是日本食品,在新加坡你都能找到!
5.One great thing about Singapore is that the temperature is almost the same all year round. 新加坡一个很大的特征是它的气温几乎一年到头都是一样的。
6. It is best to visit Singapore. 最好游览新加坡。
八年级英语下册知识总结3
Have you read Treasure Island yet?
【重点单词】
treasure [?tre??] n. 财宝,财富
island [?a?l?nd] n. 岛屿
full of 满是…的,(有)丰富的
classic [?kl?s?k] n. 经典着作,名着
page [pe?d?] n. (书或纸张的)页,面,张
hurry ['h?r?] v. 匆忙,赶快
hurry up 赶快,急忙(做某事)
e [dju:] adj. 预期的,到期的
ship [??p] n. 船
tool [tu:l] n. 工具
gun [ɡ?n] n. 炮,枪
mark [mɑ:k] n. & v. 分数,记号;作标记
sand [s?nd] n. 沙滩,沙
cannibal [?k?n?bl] n.& adj. 食人肉者;同类相残的,凶残的
towards [t??w?:dz] prep. 向着,朝着,对于,关于
land [l?nd] n. & v. 陆地,大地,国土;着陆
fiction [?f?k?n] n. 小说,虚构,编造
science fiction 科幻小说
technology [tek?n?l?d??] n. 科技,工艺
French [frent?] n.& adj. 法语,法国人(的)
pop [p?p] n. 流行音乐
rock [rɑk] n. 岩石,摇滚乐
band [b?nd] n. 乐队
country music 乡村音乐
forever [f?r?ev?(r)] adv. 永远
abroad [??br?:d] adv. 在国外,到国外
actually [??kt???li] adv. 真实地,实际上,说实在的
ever since 自从
fan [f?n] n. 乐趣
southern [?s???n] adj. 南方的
modern [?m?d?n] adj. 现代的,现代化的
success [s?k'ses] n. 成功
belong [bi?l??] v. 属于
one another 互相
laughter [?lɑ:ft?(r)] n. 笑,笑声
beauty [?bju:ti] n. 美丽,美好的事物
million [?milj?n] num. 百万
record ['rek?:d] n. & v. 记录,唱片;录制,录音
introce [??ntr??dju:s] v. 介绍,传入,引进
line [lain] n. 排,队,列
【重点短语】
1.on page 25 在第25页
2. the back of the book 书的背面
3. hurry up 赶快;匆忙
. in two weeks 在两周之内
5. go out to sea 出海
6. an island full of treasures 一个满是宝藏的岛屿
7. w rite about 写作关于……的内容
8. finish doing sth. 做完某事
9. w ait for another ship 等待另一艘船到来
10. learn to do sth. 学会做某事
11. grow fruits and vegetables 种水果和蔬菜
12. a few weeks ago 几个星期前
13. the marks of another man’ s feet 另一个人的脚印
14. not long after that 不久之后
15. run towards sp. 跑向某地
16. use...to do sth. 用……来做某事
17. signs left behind by someone 某人留下的标记
18. read the newspaper 看报
19. science fiction 科幻小说
20. can’ t w ait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
21. a good way to wake up 醒来的一个好办法
22. number of people 人数
23. used to do sth. (过去)常常做某事
24. study abroad 在国外学习
25. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
26. come to realize 开始意识到
27. ever since then 自从那时起
28. the southern states of America 美国的南部地区
29. belong to 属于
30. be kind to each other 善待彼此
31. trust one another 互相信任
32. the beauty of nature 大自然的美
33. have been to sp. 去过某地
34. do some research on sth. 对……做研究
35. hope to do sth. 希望做某事
36. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事
37. the firs t line in the song歌曲的第一行
38. enjoy success in享受……的成功
39. at the end of the day傍晚的时候
【重点句型】
1.— Have you read little Women yet? 你读过《小妇人》吗?
— Yes,I have. /No,I haven't. 是的,我读过。/ 不,我没有。
2. — Has Tina read Treasure Island yet? 蒂娜读过《金银岛》这本书吗?
— Yes, she has. She thinks i t 's fantastic. 是的,她读过。她觉得它很棒。
3. Would you like something to drink? 你要来点喝的吗?
4. I heard you lost your key. 我听说你丢钥匙了。
5.She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them. 她开始意识到,事实上她是多么想念他们所有的人。
八年级英语下册知识总结4
What’s the highest mountain in the world?
【重点单词】
square [skwe?(r)] n. 平方,正方形,广场
meter [?mi:t?] n. 米
deep [di:p] adj. 深的
desert [?dez?t] n. 沙漠
population [?p?pju?lei??n] n. 人口(数量),全体居民
Asia [?e???] n. 亚洲
feel free (可以)随便(做某事)
tour [tu?] n. 旅行,观光
wall [w?:l] n. 墙
amazing [??me?z??] adj. 令人惊异的
ancient [?e?n??nt] adj. 古代的,古老的
protect [pr??tekt] v. 保护
wide [wa?d] adj. 宽的,广阔的
as far as I know 就我所知
achieve [??t?i:v] v. 完成,实现
achievement [??t?i:vm?nt] n. 成就,成绩
southwestern [sa?θ'west?n] adj. 西南的,西南方向的
thick [θ?k] adj. 厚的,浓的
include [?n?klu:d] v. 包括,包含
freezing [?fri:z??] adj. 极冷的,冷冻的
condition [k?n?d??n] n. 条件,状况
take in 吸入,吞入
succeed [s?k?si:d] v. 成功,实现目标,完成
challenge [?t??l?nd???] n. & v. 挑战,考验
in the face of 面对(问题,困难)
force [f?:s] n. 力,力量
nature ['ne?t??(r)] n. 自然界,大自然
even though(=even if) 即使,虽然
ocean ['???n] n. 海洋
the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
cm(centimeter) [?sent??mi:t?] n. 厘米
weigh [wei] v. 称…重量
birth [b?:θ] n. 出生,诞生
at birth 出生时
up to 到达(某数量,程度),不多于
alt [ ??d?lt] n. 成年人
bamboo [b?m?bu:] n. 竹子
endangered [?n?de?nd??d] adj. 有危险的,濒临灭绝的,濒危的
research [r??s?:t?] n. & v. 研究,调查
keeper [?ki:p?(r)] n. 饲养 员,保管人
awake [??we?k] adj. 醒着
excitement [?k?sa?tm?nt] n. 激动,兴奋
walk into 走路时撞到
fall over 绊倒
illness [??ln?s] n. 疾病,生病
remaining [r??me?n??] adj. 遗留的,剩余的
or so 大约
artwork [?ɑ:tw?:k] n. 艺术品,插图,图片
wild [wa?ld] adj. 野性的,野生的
government [?g?v?nm?nt] n. 政府
whale [we?l] n. 鲸
protection [pr??tek?n] n. 保护,保卫
huge [hju:d?] adj. 巨大的,极多的
dynasty [?d?n?st?] n. 朝代,王朝
base [be?s] n. 基础,基地
【重点短语】
1. as big as 与……一样大
2. one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一
3. feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事
4. as far as I know 据我所知
5. man-made objects 人造物体
6. part of... ...... 的组成部分
7. the highest mountain 最高的山脉
8. in the world 在世界上
9. any other mountain 其它 任何一座山
10. of all the salt lakes 在所有的咸水湖中
11. run along 跨越……
12. freezing weather 冰冻的天气
13. take in air 呼吸空气
14. the first people to do sth. 第一个做某事的人
15. in the face of difficulties 面临危险
16. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
17. achieve one’ s dream 实现某人的梦想
18. the forces of nature 自然界的力量
19. reach the top 到达顶峰
20. even though 虽然;尽管
21. at birth 在出生的时候
22. be awake 醒着
23. run over with excitement 兴奋地跑过去
24. walk into sb. 撞到某人
25. fall over 摔倒
26. take care of 照顾;照料
27. every two years 每两年
28. cut down the forests 砍伐林木
29. endangered animals 濒危动物
30. fewer and fewer pandas 大熊猫越来越少
31. be in danger 处于危险之中
32. the importance of saving these animals 拯救这些动物的重要性
【重点句型】
1.It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. 当你接近山顶时,连呼吸都会困难。
2.One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. 其中的一个主要的原因是人们想要在面临困难时挑战自己。
3.The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 这些登山者的精神向我们证明:我们永远都不应该放弃实现自己的梦想。
4. How high is Qomolangma? 穆朗玛峰有多高?
5. Although Japan is older than Canada,it is much smaller.虽然日本比加拿大有更悠久的历史,但是日本比加拿大小多了。
6.Alt pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo. 成年大熊猫一天要花1 2 个多小时的时间吃大约十千克竹子。
八年级英语下册知识总结5
An old man tried to move the mountains.
【重点单词】
shoot [?u:t] v. 投篮, 射击 ,发射
stone [?st??n] n. 石头
weak [wi:k] adj. 虚弱的,柔弱的
god [ɡ?d] n. 上帝,神
remind [r??ma?nd] v. 提醒,使想起
bit [b?t] n. 一点,小块
a little bit 有点儿,稍微
silly [?s?l?] adj. & n. 愚昧的;傻子,蠢货
instead of 代替,反而
turn into 变成
object [??bd??kt] n. 物体,目标,物品
hide [ha?d] v. 躲藏,隐藏
tail [teil] n. 尾巴
magic [?m?d??k] n. 魔法,巫术
stick [st?k] n. & v. 棍,棒;刺,戳,插
excite [?k'sa?t] v. 使激动,使兴奋
western ['west?n] adj. 西方的,欧美的
once upon 从前
stepsister [?steps?st?(r)] n. 继姐(妹)
prince [pr?ns] n. 王子
fall in love 爱上,喜欢上
fit [f?t] v. 适合,合身
couple ['k?pl] n. (尤指)夫妻,两人
smile [sma?l] n.& v. 微笑
marry [?m?ri] v. 与某人结婚
get married 结婚
gold [ɡ??ld] n. 黄金,金币
emperor [?emp?r?] n. 皇帝
silk [s?lk] n. 丝绸
underwear [??nd?w??] n. 内衣
nobody [?n??b?di] pron. 无人,没有任何人,谁也不
stupid ['stju:p?d] adj. & n. 愚蠢的,傻的;傻子
cheat [t?i:t] v. 欺骗,愚弄
stepmother [?stepm???(r)] n. 继母
wife [wa?f] n. 妻子
husband [?h?zb?nd] n. 丈夫
whole [h?ul] adj. 全部的,整体的
scene [si:n] n. 舞台,(戏剧)场景
moonlight ['mu:nla?t] n. 月光
shine [?a?n] v. 照耀,发光
bright [bra?t] adj. & adv. 明亮的,发亮的;明亮地
ground [gra?nd] n. 地面
lead [li:d] n. & v. 领导,主角;带路
voice [v?is] n. 嗓音
brave [breiv] adj. 勇敢的
【重点短语】
1. work on doing sth. 致力于做某事
2. as soon as ... 一……就…....
3. once upon a time 从前
4. continue to do sth. 继续做某事
5. make sth. happen 使某事发生
6.try to do sth. 努力做某事
7. the journey to sp. ......之旅
8. tell the/a story 讲 故事
9. put on 穿
10. a little bit 有点儿
11. keep doing sth. 坚持做某事
12. give up 放弃
13. instead of 代替;反而
14. turn...into... 使......变成......
15. get married 结婚
16. the main character 主要人物;主人公
17. at other times 在另外一些时候
18. be able to 能;会
19. come out (书、电影等)出版
20. become interested in... 对……感兴趣
21. walk to the other side 走到另一边去
22. a fairy tale 一个 神话故事
23. the rest of the story 故事的其余部分
24. leave sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
25. make a plan to do sth. 筹划/计划做某事
26. go to sleep 去睡觉
27. lead sb. to sp. 把某人领到某地
28. get lost 迷路
29. change one’s plan 改变计划
30. tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事
31. in the moonlight 在月光下
32. find one’ s way home 找到某人回家的路
33. the next day 第二天
34. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地
35. so...that... 如此.......以致于.......
【重点句型】
1.So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong? 你觉得愚公的故事怎么样?
2. It doesn't seem very possible to move a mountain. 把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。
3.This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects. 这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小,做出72种变化,可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。
4.Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear. 有时候,他能够让他的金箍棒变得很小,以至于可以放在耳朵里。
5.Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side. 这些(山)太高了,他们要花好长时间才能翻越过去。
6.Don't eat it until you get to the forest. 你们到达森林之后才能吃。
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⑺ 八年级下册英语语法汇总
初中英语作为一个重要的进阶 英语学习 阶段,英语知识积累是非常重要的,下面是我给大家带来的 八年级 下册英语语法知识点汇总,希望能够帮助到大家!
八年级下册英语语法汇总
一. 询问某人的健康问题及遭到麻烦的表达 方法
1. 询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时,常用以下几种结构来表达:
What’s the matter (with sb.)?(某人)怎么了?
What’s wrong (with sb.)?(某人)怎么了?
What’s the trouble with sb? 某人出什么事了?
What happened to sb? 某人发生了什么事?
Are you OK? 你没事吧?
Is there anything wrong with sb.?某人有不舒服/麻烦吗?
2. 要表达身体疼痛或不舒服,可用以下结构:
①某人+have/has+病症
The twins have colds.双胞胎感冒了。
②某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.
She had a stomachache last night. 她昨晚肚子痛。
③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位
He has a sore throat. 他喉咙痛。
④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词
He hurt his leg. 他的腿受伤了。
⑤某部位+hurt(s).
My head hurts badly. 我头痛得厉害。
⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位
I have a pain in my chest. 我胸口痛。
⑦(There is) something wrong with one’s+身体部位
There is something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼有毛病。
⑧其他表达方式
She has a heart trouble. 她有心脏病。
He got hit on the head. 他头部受到了撞击。
She cut her finger. 她割破手指了。
二. 情态动词should的用法
1. should为情态动词,意为“应该;应当”,否定式为shouldn’t,其后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。
You should drink more water. 你应该多喝水。
He should put his head back. 他应该把头后仰。
We should try our best to help him. 我们应当尽力去帮助他。 You shouldn‘t watch TV. 你不应该看电视。
2. should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句,表示征询意见。
Should I put some medicine on it? 我应当给它敷上药吗?
Should we tell her about it? 我们应该告诉她这件事吗?
3. 在英语中,表示建议的说法有很多,而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有:
①Would you like (to do) sth?你想要/愿意(做)某事吗?
Would you like to play basketball with me? 你想要和我一起打 篮球 吗?
②Shall I/we do sth? 我/我们做某事好吗?
Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? 明天我们去动物园,好吗?
③Why not do sth? 为什么不......呢?
Why not join us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢?
④How/What about doing sth? 做某事怎么样?
How about going swimming? 去 游泳 怎么样?
⑤Let’s do sth. 让我们做......吧。
Let’s go home. 咱们回家吧。
⑥You’d better (not) do sth 你最好(不)要做某事。
You’d better not go there alone. 你最好不要一个人去那儿。
三. 反身代词
英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别和数上保持一致。
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
反身代词的用法
1. 可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。
如:Maria bought herself a scarf.
We must look after ourselves very well.
2. 可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。
如: She isn’t quite herself today.
3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气。
如:She herself will fly to London tomorrow.
I met the writer himself last week.
4. 用在某些固定 短语 当中。
如:look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己
teach oneself sth./learn sth. by oneself 自学
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快
help oneself to sth 请自用……(随便吃/喝些……)
hurt oneself 弄伤自己
say to oneself 自言自语
leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下
【注意】 反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用。
如:我自己能完成作业。
(误)Myself can finish my homework.
(正)I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.
四. 一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态,或将来经常发生的动作或状态。
一般将来时的基本结构
1. will+动词原形
否定式:will not=won't
一般疑问式:will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他?
特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?
—Will he help you with your English tonight?
今天晚上他会帮助你 学习英语 吗?
—Yes, he will./No, he won't.
是的,他会。/不,他不会。
—When will you arrive for America?
你什么时候去美国?
—Tomorrow.
明天。
2. am/is/are going to +动词原形
否定式:am/is/are not going to +动词原形
一般疑问式:am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他?
特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?
Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.
看那乌云,快要下雨了。
Is he going to collect any data for us?
他会帮我们收集数据吗?
What are you going to do tomorrow?
明天你打算作什么?
3. will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法区别
will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的。
will主要用于在以下三个方面:
(1)表示主观意愿的将来。
They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.
明天他们将去厂参观工厂。
(2)表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。
He will be thirty years old this time next year.
明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。
(3)表示临时决定,通常用于对话中。
—Mary has been ill for a week.
玛丽病了一周了。
—Oh, I didn't know. I will go and see her.
噢,我不知道。我去看看她。
be going to主要用于以下两个方面:
(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。
Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.
今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。
(2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生,表示推测。
Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。
五. 动词不定式(to do)的用法
1. 作主语
为避免 句子 的头重脚轻,常用it作为形式主语,而真正的主语动词不定式后置。
常用句型:It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.
2. 作宾语
动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare常接动词不定式作宾语。
3. 作(后置)定语
常用于“have/has+sth.+to do”或“It‟s time to do sth.”等结构中。
4. 作宾语补足语
tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。
【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to:“一感(feel),二听(listen to, hear),三让(let, make, have,四看(look at, see, watch, notice),半帮助(help)”。
5. 动词不定式作状语
主要用来修饰动词,表示目的,结果或原因。为了强调目的,有时可以把动词不定式放在句首,或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了,目的是”。
六. Could you please...?句型
1. 请求别人时通常用此句型,也可以说Can you...please?情态动词could或can在这里均表示请求,在意思上无区别,但是用could在于其显得更委婉、客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用could you/I...?若在句末加上please,则显得更礼貌。
Could you help me find my book, please?你能帮我找到我的书吗?
2. 对could you/I...?的问句作出肯定回答,常用“sure/certainly/of course”等;如果作否定回答,常用“sorry或oh, please don’t”。 一般不用no开头,用no显得语气生硬、不礼貌。
3. 表示请求的其他句式
Would you like to do...?
Would you mind doing...?
Let’s do....
Please do...(祈使句前加please)
七. 过去进行时
1. 基本概念:过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用时间状语来表示。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
It was raining when they left the station.
他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。
2. 基本结构 was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing
3. 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较
一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态, 而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。
David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。)
David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。)
八. 状语从句
1. unless引导条件状语从句
unless = if...not... 除非,若不
They will go tomorrow unless it rains.
= They will go tomorrow if it doesn’t rains.
2. as soon as引导时间状语从句,意为“一...就...”。
He will come and see you as soon as he can.
3. so...that...引导结果状语从句
句型1:主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句
The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 句型2: so +形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句
It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.
句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that从句
He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.
句型4: so +much/ little + 不可数名词 + that 从句
I had so little money that I couldn’t buy a pen.
九. 形容词/副词的比较等级
形容词和副词有三个比较等级,即原级(也就是原形)、比较级(表示“较……”或“更……”的意思,用于两者之间比较)和最高级(表示“最……”的意思,用于三者或三者以上的比较)。
1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的规则变化
(1)单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est。
① 单音节单词
small→smaller→smallest
short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest
great→greater→greatest
② 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节单词
clever→cleverer→cleverest
narrow→narrower→narrowest
(2)以不发音e结尾的单音节单词,比较级在原形后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st。
large→larger→largest
nice→nicer→nicest
able→abler→ablest
(3)以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)单词中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。
big→bigger→biggest
hot→hotter→hottest
fat→fatter→fattest
(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。
easy→easier→easiest
heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest
happy→happier→happiest
(5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
2. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化
good→better→best
well→better→best
bad→worse→worst
ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
3. 原级常用句型
(1)A is as+原级+ as+ B 表示A与B一样...
eg. He is as tall as me.
(2)A is not as/so +原级+ as B 表示A不如B...
eg. He is not as tall as me.
(3)只能修饰原级的词,very,quite,so,too,so,enough,pretty等 。
eg. He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。
4. 比较级常用句型
(1)当句中有than时则用比较级。
eg. He is fatter than me.
(2)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级,A or B? ”
eg. Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?哪一个更大,地球还是月球?
(3)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越...”。
eg. The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。
English is more and more important. 英语越来越重要了。
(4)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越...,越...”。
eg. The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
(5)可以修饰比较级的词:much,a lot,far,a little,a bit,even,still等。
eg. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. 第一课比第二课容易得多。
5. 最高级常用句型
1.“主语+be+the+形容词最高级(+单数名词)+in/of...”表示“……是……中最……的”。
Tom is the tallest in his class/of all the students.
汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。
2.“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+in/of...”表示“……是……中最……的”。
I jump (the) farthest in my class.
我是我们班跳得最远的。
3.“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of...”表示“……是……中最……之一”。
Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.
北京是中国最大城市之一。
4.“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级,甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者或三者以上的比较。
Which country is the largest,China,Brazil or Canada?
哪个国家最大,中国,巴西还是加拿大?
5.“特殊疑问词+助动词+主语(+the)+副词最高级+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者或三者以上的比较。
Which season do you like (the) best,spring,summer or autumn?
你最喜欢哪一个季节,春天,夏天还是秋天?
注意:副词最高级用在句中时,其前可以加the,也可以不加;但形容词最高级用在句中时,其前一般都要加the。
十. 现在完成时
一. 现在完成时基本结构
①肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
②否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词
③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词)
二. 现在完成时用法
1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在,强调的是现在。
I have already posted the photo.
我已经邮寄出了照片。
与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语,如already(肯定句), yet(否定句/疑问句), just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。
2. 现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻,持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。此种用法常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用。谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
He has lived here since 1978.
自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)
有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词:
go out----be out
finish----be over
open----be open
die----be dead
buy---have
fall ill---be ill
come back----be back
catch a cold----have a cold
⑻ 初二下册英语知识点总结
至于什么消费都想到可以买几本书,看起来很爱知识,却是一个非常坏的思维,被它麻醉的人,结局就是很恶俗地以为自己很脱俗。下面我给大家分享一些初二下册英语知识点,希望能够帮助大家,欢迎阅读!
初二下册英语知识点1
【重点单词】
yard [jɑ:d] n. 院子
yard sale 庭院拍卖会
sweet [swi:t] adj. & n. 甜的,糖果
memory [?mem?r?] n. 记忆, 记忆力 ,回忆
cent [sent] n. 分,分币
toy [t?i] n. 玩具
bear [b??] n. 熊
maker [?me?k?(r)] n. 生产者,制造者
bread maker 面包机
scarf [skɑ:f] n. 围巾,披巾,头巾
soft [s?ft] adj. 柔软的
soft toy 软体玩具,布绒玩具
check [t?ek] n. & v. 餐馆账单;检查
check out 察看,观察
board [b?:d] n. 板子,甲板
board game 棋类游戏
junior [?d?u:n??(r)] adj. 地位低下的
junior high school 初中
clear [kl??] adj. 清晰的,清澈的
clear out 清理,清除掉
bedroom [?bedru:m] n. 卧室
no longer 不再,不复
own [?un] adj. 属于自己的
railway [?re?lwe?] n. 铁路,铁道
part [pɑ:t] n. 部分,零部件
part with 放弃,交出
certain [?s?:tn] adj. 某一,确定的,无疑的
as for 至于,关于
honest [??n?st] adj. 诚实的,正直的
to be honest 说实在的
while [wail] conj. & n. 当...时候,一段时间,一会儿
truthful [?tru:θfl] adj. 诚实的,真实的
hometown [?h??mta?n] n. 家乡,故乡
nowadays [?na??de?z] adv. 现今,现在,目前
search [s?:t?] v. 搜索,搜查
among [??m??] prep. 在…中间;在…之中
crayon ['kre??n] n. 彩色铅笔
shame [?e?m] n. 羞耻
regard [r?'ɡɑ:d] n. & v. 致敬,问候;将…视为
count [kaunt] n. & v. 计算,计数;有价值
century ['sent??r?] n. 世纪,百年
according [?'k?:d??] adv. 依照,按照
opposite [??p?zit] prep. & adj. 在…对面,与…相对;对面的
especially [??spe??li] adv. 特别,尤其
childhood [?t?a?ldh?d] n. 孩童时期
consider [k?n?sid?] v. 仔细考虑,思考,注视,
close to 几乎,接近
hold [h?uld] v. 拥有,抓住
【重点 短语 】
1. these days 目前,现在
2.regard with great interest 以极大的兴趣关注着
3. in order to 为了
4.so far 迄今,到目前为止
5. in need 需要
6. not...any more 不再.....
7. welcome to sp 欢迎来到.....
8.check out 察看,观察
9. board games 棋类游戏
10. one last thing 最后一样东西
11. junior high school 初级中学
12.clear out 清理
13. no longer 不再
14.toy monkey 玩具猴
15. part with 与.....分开
16. to be honest 说实在的
17. ride a bike 骑自行车
18. have a yard sale 进行庭院拍卖会
19. one’s old things 某人的旧东西
20. bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回忆
21. give away 捐赠
22. play for a while 玩一会
23. do with 处理,处置
24. search for work 找工作
25.for the last 13 years 在过去的13年里
26. the mid-20th century 20世纪中期
27. stay the same 保持原状
28. according to 依照,按照
29. in one’s opinion 依......看
30. in my time 在我那个年代
【重点句型】
1. Have long have you had that bike over there? 那边的那辆自行车你买了多久了?
2. Amy has had her favorite book for three years . 艾米拥有她最喜欢的书3年了。
3. He has owned it since his fourth birthday. 自他四岁生日起,他拥有这个东西了。
4. Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year. 有些人依然住在家乡,然而,另一些人可能一年只能回家乡一两次。
5. As for me ,I did not want to give up my football shirts,but to be honest, I have not played for a while now. 至于我,我不想放弃我的 足球 衣,但是,说实在的,我现在已经有一段时间没有踢球了。
6. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things? 你是否曾经想过要举办一个庭院拍卖会来出售东西?
7. What would you do with the memory you raise?
你会怎样处理你所筹集到得钱?
初二下册英语知识点2
【重点单词】
shoot [?u:t] v. 投篮, 射击 ,发射
stone [?st??n] n. 石头
weak [wi:k] adj. 虚弱的,柔弱的
god [ɡ?d] n. 上帝,神
remind [r??ma?nd] v. 提醒,使想起
bit [b?t] n. 一点,小块
a little bit 有点儿,稍微
silly [?s?l?] adj. & n. 愚昧的;傻子,蠢货
instead of 代替,反而
turn into 变成
object [??bd??kt] n. 物体,目标,物品
hide [ha?d] v. 躲藏,隐藏
tail [teil] n. 尾巴
magic [?m?d??k] n. 魔法,巫术
stick [st?k] n. & v. 棍,棒;刺,戳,插
excite [?k'sa?t] v. 使激动,使兴奋
western ['west?n] adj. 西方的,欧美的
once upon 从前
stepsister [?steps?st?(r)] n. 继姐(妹)
prince [pr?ns] n. 王子
fall in love 爱上,喜欢上
fit [f?t] v. 适合,合身
couple ['k?pl] n. (尤指)夫妻,两人
smile [sma?l] n.& v. 微笑
marry [?m?ri] v. 与某人结婚
get married 结婚
gold [ɡ??ld] n. 黄金,金币
emperor [?emp?r?] n. 皇帝
silk [s?lk] n. 丝绸
underwear [??nd?w??] n. 内衣
nobody [?n??b?di] pron. 无人,没有任何人,谁也不
stupid ['stju:p?d] adj. & n. 愚蠢的,傻的;傻子
cheat [t?i:t] v. 欺骗,愚弄
stepmother [?stepm???(r)] n. 继母
wife [wa?f] n. 妻子
husband [?h?zb?nd] n. 丈夫
whole [h?ul] adj. 全部的,整体的
scene [si:n] n. 舞台,(戏剧)场景
moonlight ['mu:nla?t] n. 月光
shine [?a?n] v. 照耀,发光
bright [bra?t] adj. & adv. 明亮的,发亮的;明亮地
ground [gra?nd] n. 地面
lead [li:d] n. & v. 领导,主角;带路
voice [v?is] n. 嗓音
brave [breiv] adj. 勇敢的
【重点短语】
1. work on doing sth. 致力于做某事
2. as soon as ... 一……就…....
3. once upon a time 从前
4. continue to do sth. 继续做某事
5. make sth. happen 使某事发生
6.try to do sth. 努力做某事
7. the journey to sp. ......之旅
8. tell the/a story 讲 故事
9. put on 穿
10. a little bit 有点儿
11. keep doing sth. 坚持做某事
12. give up 放弃
13. instead of 代替;反而
14. turn...into... 使......变成......
15. get married 结婚
16. the main character 主要人物;主人公
17. at other times 在另外一些时候
18. be able to 能;会
19. come out (书、电影等)出版
20. become interested in... 对……感兴趣
21. walk to the other side 走到另一边去
22. a fairy tale 一个 神话故事
23. the rest of the story 故事的其余部分
24. leave sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
25. make a plan to do sth. 筹划/计划做某事
26. go to sleep 去睡觉
27. lead sb. to sp. 把某人领到某地
28. get lost 迷路
29. change one’s plan 改变计划
30. tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事
31. in the moonlight 在月光下
32. find one’ s way home 找到某人回家的路
33. the next day 第二天
34. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地
35. so...that... 如此.......以致于.......
【重点句型】
1.So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong? 你觉得愚公的故事怎么样?
2. It doesn't seem very possible to move a mountain. 把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。
3.This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects. 这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小,做出72种变化,可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。
4.Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear. 有时候,他能够让他的金箍棒变得很小,以至于可以放在耳朵里。
5.Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side. 这些(山)太高了,他们要花好长时间才能翻越过去。
6.Don't eat it until you get to the forest. 你们到达森林之后才能吃。
初二下册英语知识点3
【重点单词】
amusement [???mju:zm?nt] n. 娱乐,消遣,游戏
amusement park 游乐场
somewhere [?s?mwe?] adv. 某处,在某处
camera [?k?m?r?] n. 照相机
invention [?n?ven?n] n. 发明,创造
invent [in?vent] v. 发明,创造
unbelievable [??nb??li:v?bl] adj. 难以置信的,不真实的
progress [?pr??ɡres] n. 进步,进展
rapid [?r?p?d] adj. 迅速的,快速的
unusual [??n?ju:?u?l] adj. 特别的,不寻常的
toilet [?t??l?t] n. 坐便器,厕所
encourage [in?k?rid?] v. 鼓励,激励
social [?s?u??l] adj. 社会的
peaceful [?pi:sful] adj. 和平的,平静的
tea art 茶艺
performance [p??f?:m?ns] n. 表演,演出
perfect [?p?:f?kt] adj. 完美的,理想的,完全的
tea set 茶具
itself [it?self] pron. 它自己,它本身
collect [k??lekt] v. 收集
a couple of 一对,两个,几个
German [?d??:m?n] n. & adj. 德语,德国人(的)
theme [θi:m] n. 题目,主题, 作文
ride [ra?d] n. & v. 骑,乘;(短途)旅程
province ['pr?v?ns] n. 省,省份
thousand [?θa?znd] num. 一千
thousands of 数以千计的,许许多多的
safe [seif] adj. 安全的, 保险 的
simply [?simpli] adv. 仅仅,只,不过
fear [fi?] n. & v. 恐惧,害怕
whether [?we??(r)] conj.不管…还是,或者…或者,是否
Indian [??ndj?n] adj. 印度的,印度人的
Japanese [?d??p??ni:z] n. & adj. 日本人,日语;日本的
fox [f?ks] n. 狐狸
all year around 全年
equator [i?kweit?] n. 赤道
whenever [wen?ev?] conj. 无论何时
spring [spri?] n. 春天
mostly [?m?ustli] adv. 大多数地,主要地,通常
location [l???ke??n] n. 地点,位置
【重点短语】
1. at night 在晚上
2.in a more natural environment 在一个更加自然的环境中
3. all year round 一年到头,终年
4.be far from 离......远
5.in the dark 在黑暗中
6. in the past 在过去
7.have been to sp 去过某地
8.science museum科学博物馆
9.history museum 历史博物馆
10.amusement park 游乐园
11.go somewhere different 去不同的地方
12.go skating 去滑冰
13.take the subway 坐地铁
14.a great way to spend a Saturday afternoon 一个过周六下午的好办法
15.all the old movie camera 所有的古老的电影摄影机
16. learn about sth 了解有关.....的情况
17. on the weekend 在周末
18.camp in the mountains 在大山里露营
19.put up a tent 搭帐篷
20.in such a rapid way 以如此速猛的方式
21.different kinas of 各种各样的
22.development of toilets 厕所的发展
23.social groups 社会团体
24.the tea art performances 茶艺表演
25. make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets.用漂亮的茶具沏一杯完美的茶
26. a nice place to enjoy tea 一个品茶的好地方
27.Thousands of 数以千计的
28.international Museum of Toilets 国际厕所博物馆
29.the Terracotta Army 兵马俑
30.southeast Asia 东南亚
31.night Safari 夜间动物园
32.three quarters 四分之三
33. an English-speaking country 一个讲英语的国家
34.have a problem doing sth 做某事很困难
35.ring the daytime 在白天
36. a couple of times 好几次
37.right now 现在,目前
38. an amusement park with a special theme 一个有特别的主题的游乐园
39. Walk around the park 在公园里到处走
40. hear of 听说
41. take a ride 兜风
42. another province 另一个省
43. the Bird’s Nest 鸟巢
44. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
45. on the one hand....on the other hand 一方面,另一方面
【重点句型】
1. Have you ever been to a science museum? 你曾经去过科学博物馆吗?
2.Let's go somewhere different today. 让我们今天去不同的地方吧。
3. It's unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way. 科技以如此速猛的方式发展真是令人难以置信啊!
4. Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food, you,ll find it all in Singapore! 不管你喜欢印度食品,西方食品还是日本食品,在新加坡你都能找到!
5.One great thing about Singapore is that the temperature is almost the same all year round. 新加坡一个很大的特征是它的气温几乎一年到头都是一样的。
6. It is best to visit Singapore. 最好游览新加坡。
初二下册英语知识点4
【重点单词】
treasure [?tre??] n. 财宝,财富
island [?a?l?nd] n. 岛屿
full of 满是…的,(有)丰富的
classic [?kl?s?k] n. 经典着作,名着
page [pe?d?] n. (书或纸张的)页,面,张
hurry ['h?r?] v. 匆忙,赶快
hurry up 赶快,急忙(做某事)
e [dju:] adj. 预期的,到期的
ship [??p] n. 船
tool [tu:l] n. 工具
gun [ɡ?n] n. 炮,枪
mark [mɑ:k] n. & v. 分数,记号;作标记
sand [s?nd] n. 沙滩,沙
cannibal [?k?n?bl] n.& adj. 食人肉者;同类相残的,凶残的
towards [t??w?:dz] prep. 向着,朝着,对于,关于
land [l?nd] n. & v. 陆地,大地,国土;着陆
fiction [?f?k?n] n. 小说,虚构,编造
science fiction 科幻小说
technology [tek?n?l?d??] n. 科技,工艺
French [frent?] n.& adj. 法语,法国人(的)
pop [p?p] n. 流行音乐
rock [rɑk] n. 岩石,摇滚乐
band [b?nd] n. 乐队
country music 乡村音乐
forever [f?r?ev?(r)] adv. 永远
abroad [??br?:d] adv. 在国外,到国外
actually [??kt???li] adv. 真实地,实际上,说实在的
ever since 自从
fan [f?n] n. 乐趣
southern [?s???n] adj. 南方的
modern [?m?d?n] adj. 现代的,现代化的
success [s?k'ses] n. 成功
belong [bi?l??] v. 属于
one another 互相
laughter [?lɑ:ft?(r)] n. 笑,笑声
beauty [?bju:ti] n. 美丽,美好的事物
million [?milj?n] num. 百万
record ['rek?:d] n. & v. 记录,唱片;录制,录音
introce [??ntr??dju:s] v. 介绍,传入,引进
line [lain] n. 排,队,列
【重点短语】
1.on page 25 在第25页
2. the back of the book 书的背面
3. hurry up 赶快;匆忙
. in two weeks 在两周之内
5. go out to sea 出海
6. an island full of treasures 一个满是宝藏的岛屿
7. w rite about 写作关于……的内容
8. finish doing sth. 做完某事
9. w ait for another ship 等待另一艘船到来
10. learn to do sth. 学会做某事
11. grow fruits and vegetables 种水果和蔬菜
12. a few weeks ago 几个星期前
13. the marks of another man’ s feet 另一个人的脚印
14. not long after that 不久之后
15. run towards sp. 跑向某地
16. use...to do sth. 用……来做某事
17. signs left behind by someone 某人留下的标记
18. read the newspaper 看报
19. science fiction 科幻小说
20. can’ t w ait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
21. a good way to wake up 醒来的一个好办法
22. number of people 人数
23. used to do sth. (过去)常常做某事
24. study abroad 在国外学习
25. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
26. come to realize 开始意识到
27. ever since then 自从那时起
28. the southern states of America 美国的南部地区
29. belong to 属于
30. be kind to each other 善待彼此
31. trust one another 互相信任
32. the beauty of nature 大自然的美
33. have been to sp. 去过某地
34. do some research on sth. 对……做研究
35. hope to do sth. 希望做某事
36. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事
37. the firs t line in the song歌曲的第一行
38. enjoy success in享受……的成功
39. at the end of the day傍晚的时候
【重点句型】
1.— Have you read little Women yet? 你读过《小妇人》吗?
— Yes,I have. /No,I haven't. 是的,我读过。/ 不,我没有。
2. — Has Tina read Treasure Island yet? 蒂娜读过《金银岛》这本书吗?
— Yes, she has. She thinks i t 's fantastic. 是的,她读过。她觉得它很棒。
3. Would you like something to drink? 你要来点喝的吗?
4. I heard you lost your key. 我听说你丢钥匙了。
5.She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them. 她开始意识到,事实上她是多么想念他们所有的人。
初二下册英语知识点5
【重点单词】
square [skwe?(r)] n. 平方,正方形,广场
meter [?mi:t?] n. 米
deep [di:p] adj. 深的
desert [?dez?t] n. 沙漠
population [?p?pju?lei??n] n. 人口(数量),全体居民
Asia [?e???] n. 亚洲
feel free (可以)随便(做某事)
tour [tu?] n. 旅行,观光
wall [w?:l] n. 墙
amazing [??me?z??] adj. 令人惊异的
ancient [?e?n??nt] adj. 古代的,古老的
protect [pr??tekt] v. 保护
wide [wa?d] adj. 宽的,广阔的
as far as I know 就我所知
achieve [??t?i:v] v. 完成,实现
achievement [??t?i:vm?nt] n. 成就,成绩
southwestern [sa?θ'west?n] adj. 西南的,西南方向的
thick [θ?k] adj. 厚的,浓的
include [?n?klu:d] v. 包括,包含
freezing [?fri:z??] adj. 极冷的,冷冻的
condition [k?n?d??n] n. 条件,状况
take in 吸入,吞入
succeed [s?k?si:d] v. 成功,实现目标,完成
challenge [?t??l?nd???] n. & v. 挑战,考验
in the face of 面对(问题,困难)
force [f?:s] n. 力,力量
nature ['ne?t??(r)] n. 自然界,大自然
even though(=even if) 即使,虽然
ocean ['???n] n. 海洋
the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
cm(centimeter) [?sent??mi:t?] n. 厘米
weigh [wei] v. 称…重量
birth [b?:θ] n. 出生,诞生
at birth 出生时
up to 到达(某数量,程度),不多于
alt [ ??d?lt] n. 成年人
bamboo [b?m?bu:] n. 竹子
endangered [?n?de?nd??d] adj. 有危险的,濒临灭绝的,濒危的
research [r??s?:t?] n. & v. 研究,调查
keeper [?ki:p?(r)] n. 饲养 员,保管人
awake [??we?k] adj. 醒着
excitement [?k?sa?tm?nt] n. 激动,兴奋
walk into 走路时撞到
fall over 绊倒
illness [??ln?s] n. 疾病,生病
remaining [r??me?n??] adj. 遗留的,剩余的
or so 大约
artwork [?ɑ:tw?:k] n. 艺术品,插图,图片
wild [wa?ld] adj. 野性的,野生的
government [?g?v?nm?nt] n. 政府
whale [we?l] n. 鲸
protection [pr??tek?n] n. 保护,保卫
huge [hju:d?] adj. 巨大的,极多的
dynasty [?d?n?st?] n. 朝代,王朝
base [be?s] n. 基础,基地
【重点短语】
1. as big as 与……一样大
2. one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一
3. feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事
4. as far as I know 据我所知
5. man-made objects 人造物体
6. part of... ...... 的组成部分
7. the highest mountain 最高的山脉
8. in the world 在世界上
9. any other mountain 其它 任何一座山
10. of all the salt lakes 在所有的咸水湖中
11. run along 跨越……
12. freezing weather 冰冻的天气
13. take in air 呼吸空气
14. the first people to do sth. 第一个做某事的人
15. in the face of difficulties 面临危险
16. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
17. achieve one’ s dream 实现某人的梦想
18. the forces of nature 自然界的力量
19. reach the top 到达顶峰
20. even though 虽然;尽管
21. at birth 在出生的时候
22. be awake 醒着
23. run over with excitement 兴奋地跑过去
24. walk into sb. 撞到某人
25. fall over 摔倒
26. take care of 照顾;照料
27. every two years 每两年
28. cut down the forests 砍伐林木
29. endangered animals 濒危动物
30. fewer and fewer pandas 大熊猫越来越少
31. be in danger 处于危险之中
32. the importance of saving these animals 拯救这些动物的重要性
【重点句型】
1.It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top. 当你接近山顶时,连呼吸都会困难。
2.One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. 其中的一个主要的原因是人们想要在面临困难时挑战自己。
3.The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 这些登山者的精神向我们证明:我们永远都不应该放弃实现自己的梦想。
4. How high is Qomolangma? 穆朗玛峰有多高?
5. Although Japan is older than Canada,it is much smaller.虽然日本比加拿大有更悠久的历史,但是日本比加拿大小多了。
6.Alt pandas spend more than 12 hours a day eating about 10 kilos of bamboo. 成年大熊猫一天要花1 2 个多小时的时间吃大约十千克竹子。
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⑼ 八年级英语下册语法知识
生命是短暂的,空余时间很少,因此我们不应把一刻空余时间耗费在阅读价值不大的书籍上。下面给大家带来一些关于 八年级 英语下册语法知识,希望对大家有所帮助。
八年级英语下册语法1
一般将来时态的应用
do/does 的一般将来时态形式:(shall/will) do
do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态:(shall/will) be done
一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:
肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years.
否定句例句:People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years.
一般疑问句例句:Will people have robots in a few years?
特殊疑问句例句:What will people have in a few years?
八年级英语下册语法2
过去将来时
一、过去将来时的结构
should/would+动词原形
do/does 的过去将来时态形式:(should/would) do
do/does的过去将来时态的被动语态:(should/would) be done
过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:
肯定句例句:You should write a letter to him.
否定句例句:You shouldn't write a letter to him.
一般疑问句例句:Should I write a letter to him?
特殊疑问句例句:What should I do?
八年级英语下册语法3
过去进行时
do/does 的过去进行时态形式:(was/were) doing
do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态:(was/were) being done
过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式:
肯定句例句:I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.
否定句例句:I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.
一般疑问句例句:Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?
特殊疑问句例句:What were you doing when a UFO landed?
动词 when 和 while 的选择:when 后加瞬间动词,while 后加延续性动词。
例句:The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.
=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.
八年级英语下册语法4
宾语从句
结构:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语)
1、引导名词性从句的连接词
(1)that:没有含义,在宾语从句中不做成分
(2)whether/if:表示是否,宾语从句中不做成分。
I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后,他是否还住在这里。
(3)连接代词:what, which, who, whom, whose(在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语)
连接副词:where, when, how, why(在宾语从句中做状语)
2、在做宾语从句的题目时应注意时态
(1)当主句是现在时态时,宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
(2)当主句是过去时态时,宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
(3)当表示客观事实或普遍真理的 句子 做宾语从句时,任何时候都用一般现在时。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。
八年级英语下册语法5
if 引导的条件状语从句
结构:主句 + if + 条件状语从句
if + 条件状语从句 + [(comma)] + 主句
注意:
在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,主句应用将来时态,状语从句用一般现在时态。
例句:You'll have a great time if you go to the party.
=If you go to the party, you'll have a great time.
八年级英语下册语法6
现在完成进行时态
do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式:have/has been doing
do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态:have/has been being done
现在完成进行时态所应用的场合:
①某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做
②过去发生的动作对现在造成影响
I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.自从那次他与我谈过心后,我天天都在进步。
现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式:
肯定句例句:I have been skating for five hours.
否定句例句:I haven't been skating for five hours.
一般疑问句例句:Have you been skating for five hours?
特殊疑问句例句:How long have you been skating?
八年级英语下册语法7
现在完成时
一、现在完成时的结构
主语 + have/has + 过去分词 + 其他.(当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have.)
否定式:主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 + 其他.
疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)
No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)
二、现在完成时用法、定义详细讲解
1、表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果,着眼点在现在,主要强调过去发生的事情对现在的影响。
He has lost his wallet.他的钱包丢了。
We’ve had too much rain this year.今年 雨水 太多。
2、表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能延续下去的动作。
He has worked here for over twenty years.他在这里工作已有20多年了。
3、表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种 经验 ,一般译为汉语“过”,常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。
I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次。
八年级英语下册语法8
反意疑问句
反意疑问句由肯定陈述句加否定问句构成,或者由否定陈述句加肯定问句构成。
He's a student, isn't he?
She's not his mother, is she?
回答反意疑问句时,要根据事实来回答。若事实是肯定的,则必须用 yes 回答。若事实是否定的,则必须用 no 回答。
---You're not ready, are you?你还没有准备好,对吧?
---No, I'm not.是的,我没有准备好。
---Yes, I am.不,我准备好了。
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⑽ 初二下册英语语法知识点归纳
英语一直是我们学习的难题,主要是英语语法没有学好,那么应该怎么学好英语语法呢?下面是我分享给大家的初二下册英语语法知识点,希望大家喜欢!
初二下册第一单元英语语法知识点
语法:1.复习一般过去时;2.学习不定代词和不定副词的用法。
2.不定代词和不定副词的用法:
(1)左边的some、any、every、no与右边的body、one、thing构成不定代词,some、any、every、no与右边的疑问副词where构成不定副词;
(2)一般情况下以some开头的不定代词和不定副词用于肯定句,以any开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否定句、疑问句;以no开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否定含义(no one为两个单词);
(3)不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时,形容词放在后面。
He has something important to do.他有重要的事情要做。(肯定句用something,形容词important放后)
Did you buy anything special? (一般疑问句用anything,形容词special放后)
Did you go anywhere interesting last month?上个月你去令人感兴趣的地方了吗?
(一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere,形容词interesting放后)
(4)不定代词和不定副词做主语时,后面的动词用单数形式。Everone is here today.今天每个人都在这里。
本单元的短语和知识点:
1. go on vacation去度假 go to the mountains 上山/进山
2.stay at home呆在家go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去参观夏令营 3. study for tests为考试而学习\备考 go out出去
4. quite a few相当多,不少(后跟可数名词复数)take photos照相 most of the time大部分时间 5.buy sth for sb = buy sb sth为某人买某物 6. taste good. 尝起来很好
taste(尝起来)、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)为感官动词,后跟形容词
7.have a good\great\fun time过得高兴,玩得愉快(=enjoy oneself) 8. go shopping去购物 9. nothing…but+动词原形:除了……之外什么都没有
He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了读书无事可做。
10. seem to do sth:好像… I seem to know him.我好像认识他。
seem+(to be)+形容词:看起来…The work seems(to be)easy.这工作看起来很容易。
11.keep a diary记日记
12. in+大地方:达到某地 (get to +地方:达到某地)
arrive at+小地方:达到某地 (get的过去式为got)
若是arrive和get后跟home、there、here三个地点副词,后面的介词in\at\to必须去掉。
Tom got home yesterday evening=Tom arrived home yesterday evening.昨晚汤姆到家。
13.decide to do sth:决定做某事 14. try doing sth.尝试做某事try to do sth.尽力去做某事
15. feel like给…的感觉;感受到 16. in the past 在过去 walk around四处走走
enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事 difference(名词,差异,差别)---- different(形容词,不同的)
18.start doing sth:开始做某事 (= start to do sth)
19.19.over an hour一个多小时 (over超过,多余 = more than)
20. too many 太多,后接可数名词复数。 too much 太多,后跟不可数名词,修饰动词作状语。
much too 太,后跟形容词或副词 , 分辨三者的口诀: too much much too, 用法区别看后头:much 后接不可数,too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住,后面名词必复数。
21. because of 因为,后接名词、代词或动名词(即动词+ing),不能接句子。
because因为,后跟句子。
He was late for school because of getting up late.他因为起晚而上学迟到。(get为动词)
= He was late for school because he got up late.
22. enough(足够的)与名词连用,一般放在名词前He has enough money .
23. enough(足够的)与形容词或副词连用,enough放在后面。He is old enough to go to school.
24. doing sth.忘记已经做过某事(已经做完)
Forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(还未做)(forget的过去式为forgot)
25. so+形容词+that+句子:如此…以至于…
too+形容词+to do sth:太…以至于不能…
形容词+enough to do sth:足够…能够做某事(注意三个句型有时可以互换)
He is so young that he can′t go to school.= He is too young to go to school.
= He isn′t old enough to go to school.
初二下册第二单元英语语法知识点
语法:1.复习一般现在时;2.学习表示频率副词的用法。
主要频率副词的等级排序:always(总是) > usually (通常) > often(经常) > sometimes(有时) > hardly ever(很少) > never(从不)
这些副词在句子中的位置,一般放在助动词、be动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前。即:“行”前“助(系)”后。 Peter is always late for school. Peter上学总是迟到。
I usually do my homework in the evening. 我通常在晚上做作业。
提问 always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词,用 How often
I watch TV every day.我每天都看电视→How often do you watch TV?(你多长时间看一次电视?)
本单元的短语和知识点:
1.on weekends在周末 go to the movies去看电影 help with housework帮助做家务 how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不
2.once a week每周一次 twice a week每周两次 every day每天 use the Internet用互联网
be free有空 Are you free on weekends?你周末有空吗?
4.stay up late熬夜at least至少go to bed early早点睡觉play sports进行体育活动
5.after school 放学后 6.want sth:需要某物 He wants a new pen.他想要一支新钢笔。
want to do sth:想做某事 He wants to watch TV after school.放学后他想去看电视。
want sb to do sth:让某人做某事 My mother wants me get up early.妈妈让我早起。
7.be good for对……有好处 be bad for 对……有害处
8. play computer games打电子游戏 go camping去野营 9.ask sb about sth:问某人某事 My parents often ask me about my study.我的父母经常问我的学习情况。
10. in one’s spare time在某人业余时间He studies English in his spare time.11.(P13,2b)”数字+percent of+名词”做主语时,后面的单词取决于名词的情况。若名词为复数,后面的动词用复数形式;若名词为单数或不可数名词,后面的动词用单数形式。
In our class ,twenty of students are boys. Thirty of water is dirty.
12.not…at all:一点儿也不 (not构成否定句)I don’t like the movie at all.
13.go online上网=surf the Internet 14.the answer to+名词:…的答案
16.the (best) way to do sth: 做某事的(最好)方式
The best way to learn English is speaking English.学习英语的最好方法是说英语.
17.such as比如 (后跟名词或名词短语)for example 例如(后跟句子)
He likes fruits,such as apples,bananas and so on.他喜欢水果,例如苹果、香蕉等。
He has some good ways to study English,for example ,he often listens to tapes.
19.more than (=over)超过,多余 go to the dentist去看牙医
初二下册第三单元英语语法知识点
语法:学习形容词比较级。
本单元的短语和知识点:
1.play+the +乐器 play the drums打鼓 比较play +球类 play basketball打篮球
both…and…两者都(后面的动词用复数形式) Both Tom and Jim are students.
3.be good at+名词\代词\V ing:擅长,在某方面做得好
7.be like:像… The books are like friends.书像朋友。
8.make friends (with sb):(和某人)交朋友 enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事
9.be different from与…不同 My brother is different from me.我弟弟与我不一样。
10.help sb to (do) sth:帮助某人做某事
常与help sb with sth(在某方面帮助某人)互换 He often helps me (to) learn English.他经常帮助我学习英语。= He often helps me with my English.他经常在英语方面帮助我。
help (to) do sth:帮助做某事He often helps( to)cook at home.他经常在家帮助做饭。
13.be good with sb:与某人相处很好 14.information (n.消息,信息)不可数名词
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