⑴ 求归纳总结初中英语过去进行时方面的知识点。
一. 定义
过去进行时,是表示过去某个时刻或时间段正在进行的事情或动作。
二. 结构
was/were +doing (现在分词)
三. 用法
1. 过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。
常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
What was he researching all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在研究什么?
My brother fell and hurt himself while he was riding his bicycle.
我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来,受伤了。
It was raining when they left the station.
他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
当我到达山顶的时候,阳光灿烂。
2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。
时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。例如:
What was she doing at nine o‘clock yesterday?
昨天晚上九点她在做什么? (介词短语表示时间点)
She was doing her homework then.
那个时候她正在写作业。(副词表示时间点)
When I saw him he was decorating his room.
当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when从句表示时间点)
3.在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。
例如:
When he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
他边等车边看报。 (两个动作都是延续的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.
他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)
【典型例题】
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made
B. is making
C. was making
D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when表时间的同时性,“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read; was falling
B. was reading; fell
C. was reading; was falling
D. read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为“当……之时”。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 “在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。”句中的 fell (fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。
四. 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别
1. 一般过去时叙述旧事,过去进行时描述背景。
2. 一般过去时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态,过去进行时表某一行为的“片断”。
I read the book yesterday. (已读完,表整个“读”)
I was reading the book at that time. (未读完,“读”的片段)
3. 过去的一段持续时间状语多与过去进行时连用
It was raining all night.(优先用was raining ,rained 为持续动词,故也可使用)
He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暂动词与持续时间连用,表反复,连续发生,不可用一般过去时)
五. 英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时(不用现在进行时和过去进行时)
1. 表心理状态、情感的动词
如accept ,allow ,admit ,decide ,end ,refuse ,permit ,promise等。更多知识点也可关注下北京新东方的初中英语课程~
⑵ 求 英语 时间和地点 相关知识点的整理
时间:when what time 地点:where 等等整理很费时间,找个适当的时间整理后再作答
⑶ 初中英语语法知识点总结归纳是什么
一、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法
(1)讲述某人/物自身的情况时,用原级。基本句型是:主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 + (very/too/so/quite/rather…) + 形容词/副词原级 +….
A、表示两者之间没有差别时,使用句型:主语(第一个人物) + 谓语动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 第二个人物 +….
B、表示第一个人比不上第二个人时,使用句型:主语(第一个人物)+谓语动词(否定式)+ as/so + 形容词/副词原级+as+ 第二个人物+….
(2) 讲述两者有差异,第一个人物超过第二个人物时,用比较级。基本句型:主语(‘A’)+谓语动词+(much/a little/even/still)+形容词/副词比较级+than+第二个人物(‘B’)+….
讲述两者有差异,第一个人物不及第二个人物时,用比较级。句型是:主语(‘A’)+ 谓语动词+ less+(多音节形/副)比较级 + than + 第二个人物(‘B’) +….
(3)讲述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一个时,用最高级。句型是:主语(sb./sth) + 谓语动词 +(the) +形容词/副词最高级 +in / of ….
二、介词的主要用法
介词是一种虚词,不能独立使用。介词之后一般有名词或代词(宾格)或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句作它的宾语,即构成介词短语。有些介词是由两个以上的词构成的短语介词,如:out of(从…中出来),because of(因为),away from(距离…),on top of(在…顶上), ever since(自从…),next to(在…隔壁),according to(根据…),in front of(在…前方)等。
三、某些介词的用法辨析
(1) 时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别:表示时间时,in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后),on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等,at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间; 表示地点时,in表示在某个范围之内,on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。
(2)after与in表示时间的用法区别:“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在…时刻之后”常用于一般时态;“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于将来时态。
(3)since与for表示时间的用法区别:“since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从…起一直到现在”,“for+(一段斶间)”表示“总共有…之久”,都常用于完成时态;
(4)by、in与with表示方式的用法区别:都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者;in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。
(5)about与on的用法区别:都可以表示“有关…”,但是about的意义比较广,而on主要表示“有关…(专题/课程)”。
(6)through与across、over的用法区别:through指“穿过…(门洞/人群/树林)”;across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互换,但是表示“翻过…”时只能用over.
四、句子成分
英语句子成分分七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语:句子的主体,全句述说的对象。回答是“谁”或者“什么”。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当,位于句首。
2、谓语:说明主语的动作或状态。回答“做(什么)”。由动词或系动词加表语担任,常置于主语后。
3、宾语:表示动作的对象。回答做的是“什么”。一般由名词或代词担当,常置于谓语后。
4、表语:用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。一般由名词或形容词担任,置于系动词或be动词之后。
5、定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。
6、状语:用以修饰动词、形容词、副词及全句,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任位置灵活。
7、补语:补充说明宾语怎么样或干什么,由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。
8、同位语:通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。
五、构词法
英语构词法主要有:合成法、派生法和转换法。
1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。
2、派生法:
(1)派生名词:
①动词+er/or
②动词+ing
③动词+(t)ion
④形容词+ness
⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge
(2)派生形容词:
①名词+y
②名词+ful
③动词+ing/ed ④friendly
⑤dangerous
⑥Chinese; Japanese
⑦English
⑧French
⑨German
⑩国名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious
(3)派生副词
①形容词+ly
②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。
3、转换法:
(1)形容词→动词,如:dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。
(2)动词→名词,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。
(3)名词→动词,如:hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。
(4)形容词→副词,如:early→early, fast→fast等等。
(5)副词→连词,如:when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。
(6)介词→副词,如:in(到……里)→(在里面;在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续)。
⑷ 初中英语一般过去时的知识点归纳
般过去时
一般过去时(simple past tense)表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,last night,in 1990,two days ago等。
一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和often,always等表式频率的时间状语连用。过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
Ago(two hours ago(一段时间+ago),yesterday(句子开头或结尾),the day before yesterday,last week,last(year,night,month…),具体时间(如Jan.fourth),just now,at the age of,one day,long ago,once upon a time,and so on,this morning.long long ago(很久以前)。
1.直接加ed:work—— worked look——looked play——played,
2.以不发音e结尾的单词,直接加d:live ——lived hope——hoped use——used,
3 以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed:study—studied carry—carried worry—worried,
4以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加ed:enjoy ——enjoyed play——played
5 以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed:stop—— stopped plan——planned 不规则变化的动词过去式:
have---had are---were get---got say---said feel---felt
do/does---did is---was go—went come---came
⑸ 干货分享:英语四级重要知识点汇总
语法类重要知识点
1、虚拟语气的:
would rather+that从句+一般过去时
It is vital/ necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable/ advisable/ natural/ essential+that+(should)动词原形
proposal/suggestion+that+动词原形
It is time/about time/high time+that+一般过去时
lest+that+should+动词原形
if only+that+would+动词原形
2、状语从句的:
非if引导的条件状语从句,此类句子多用at times,provided,so long as,in case,once等来替代if;
由even if/so,now that,for all等引导的让步状语从句;
just/hardly...when引导的时间状语从句;
more than,as...as,not so much as,the same as,as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语+分词的形式出现。
4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句重点考查介词+关系代词(which)和as作为关系代词。
词汇类重要知识点
1、动词、名词与介词的搭配:popular/patient+with;yield/solution/adapt/transfer/access+to;accuse/require+of;charge+for;under+discussion
2、习惯用法:confess to/set about/be used to+doing;be supposed to/have/make sb.+do等。
3、由同一动词构成的短语:come,go,set,break等构成的短语。
4、单个的动词,抽象名词,形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现。?
5、介词短语在句中作状语如:in terms of;with the exception of;in vain; rather than,other than,such as,none/nothing+but
6、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词:
broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播
flee (fled, fled) 逃跑
forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止
forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅
freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰
hang (作―绞死‖讲,是规则的;作―悬挂‖讲,其过去式过去分词都是hung)
lie –lied –lied 说谎;lie—lay---lain躺下lay-laid- laid 放置
seek (sought, sought) 寻求
shake (shook, shaken) 发抖
tear (tore, torn) 撕碎
以上就是关于英语四级重要知识点的相关分享,希望对正在备考英语四级的小伙伴们有所帮助,小编在这里祝愿大家都能取得优异成绩!
⑹ 初中英语语法、时态、词汇、知识点和中考考点归纳
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。 eg: If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点,他将错过巴士。( 真实) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的,他会要求我讲故事。(真实) If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你,我马上就会去。 (非真实,虚拟语气) If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气,人就会死亡。(非真实,虚拟语气)
用法及动词形式
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况: 从句:主语+过去时 主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do 例: 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你) 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道) 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没带钱) 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:没有努力) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句:主语+had done 主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done 例: 1. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。 (事实:去晚了) 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。 (事实:没有听我的话) 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 从句:①if+主语+were to do 主句:①主语+should/would/could/might+do ②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do ③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do 例: 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。 (事实:来的可能性很小) 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:不知能否下雪) 3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、 有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 如: If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 如: If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。 5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即将were, should, had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。 如: Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without…., but for….等 如: But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步。 We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话。 7、 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。 ①省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考试了。 ②省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。、
编辑本段虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)的其他用法
用在wish 后的宾语从句
a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式 eg. I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你) b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+done eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。(事实:原来不知道) c、表示将来难以实现的愿望 谓语动词:should/would + 动词原形 eg. I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实:很难再有这样的机会了) (注:if only和as if/as though也有相同用法)
用在目的状语从句中
1.在for fear that, in case, lest引导的从句中,若用虚拟语气时,从句谓语为:should + 动词原形。并且 should不能省略 She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼的进入。 He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。 2、在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为:can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。 He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。
其他用法
1、一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建议(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。 如: He suggested that we (should) takethe teacher’s advice. He insisted that we (should) takethe teacher’s advice. He demand that we (should) takethe teacher’s advice. He ordered that we (should) takethe teacher’s advice. insist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气;翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。 如:He insists he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。 这个语句表示的是事实,因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。 suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。 如: His face suggests that he looks worried . 他的表情暗含着他很担心。 这个句子本身是事实,因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。 2、表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity等。 句型:It is.......that +主语从句,从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型 或只用动词原型。 3、 在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中,可用虚拟语气,主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如: Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。(事实:他没来) Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。(事实:华佗不在世) 4、 在whatever,whichever,whenever,whoever, wherever,however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为: 指现在或将来: may +动词原形。 如: We will finish it on time no matter what may happen. 不管发生什么事,我们都要按时完成。 We will find him wherever he may be. 无论他在哪里,我们都要找到他。 I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚,我都会等他。 指过去: may +完成式 。 如: You mustn’t be proud whatever great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步,你也不能骄傲。 We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误,我们必须尊敬他。 5、一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:
过去 had + 过去分词 现在 过去时(be 用were ) 将来 过去时(be 用were ) 如: I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。 I’d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。 We’d rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿 6、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中,表示:“早该做某事了”时,定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形,即从句用虚拟过去式。 如 It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。 It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。 7、 简单句中的虚拟语气 (1) 说话时,为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌,言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为:would / could / might / should + 动词原形。 如: Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗? You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。 I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。 (2) 表示“祝愿”时,常用may + 主语+ 动词原形。 如: May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。 May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。 (3)表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时,常用动词原形。 如: Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。 God bless us. 上帝保佑。 (4) 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。 ① 提出请求或邀请。如: Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗? Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的单车吗? ② 陈述自己的观点或看法。如: I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。 I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。 ③提出劝告或建议。如: You’d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。 You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。 ④ 提出问题。如: Do you think he could get here on time? 你认为他能按时来吗? Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗? ⑤ 表示对过去情况的责备时,常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:情态动词 + have + 过去分词。 如: You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。 You should have returned it to him. 你应该把它还给他了。 8、虚拟语气在方式状语从句的应用。详见网络之方式状语从句词条。
编辑本段四、省略的虚拟条件句型
省略连词if
有时可将条件从句的连词if省略,但此时应用倒装句型,即将从句中的were, should, had 等提到句首: Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆,我会拒绝。 I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要,我会去的。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了。 【注】 ① 若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, Hadn’t而置于句首。 ② 有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time, I would come. 假若我有时间,我会来的。(=If I had time…)
省略条件句的主语和其后的动词be
若主从句主语一致,且谓语部分包含有动词be,通常可将主语和动词be省略: If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. 要是早点儿修一下,拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)
省略“it+be”
If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you. 如果需要的话我会派更多的民工去帮你。(=If it was necessary, I would…)
省略整个条件从句
这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文,即省略条件从句后,所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的: I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可以亲自去看她,这样好一些。(=…If I saw her personally, it would be better.)
编辑本段在含蓄条件句中的用法
(1) 条件暗含在短语中。如: We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码,否则我们就会给他打电话。(暗含条件是otherwise) Without your help, we wouldn’t have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助,我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。 (暗含条件是介词短语without your help) But for your help, I would not have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助,我的实验就不会成功。(暗含条件是but for your help) It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately. 不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障。 (暗含条件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately) (2) 条件暗含在上下文中。如: I would not have done it that way. 我是不会那么做的。(可能暗含if I were you) I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to help you. 我那天很忙。否则我会来帮你的。(可能暗含if I hadn’t been so busy.) You might come to join us in the discussion. 你可以参加我们的讨论。(可能暗含if you wanted to) I would have bought the DVD player. 我是会买下那台影碟机的。(可能暗含if I had the money) But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier. 要不是碰到暴雨,我们还会早些到。(可能暗含if it had not been for the storm)。
⑺ 我要关于英语的知识点:介词(on,at,in……)和日期,时间之间的搭配要全面的
in 的用法如下:
1.后面跟月份。
2.上午和下午。
at的用法如下:
1.后面跟点的时刻。
2.中午
on+具体时间
⑻ 求英语八种时态的时间状语,要初中的知识点
时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容,广大初中学生在实际运用时,往往对时态总是倍感棘手,下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。
一、一般现在时:
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语:
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①am/is/are+ not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时:
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①was/were +not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时:
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本结构:am/is/are+ doing
否定形式:am/is/are+ not +doing.
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
四、过去进行时:
概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构:was/were +doing
否定形式:was/ were + not + doing.
一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
五、现在完成时:
概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本结构:have/has + done
否定形式:have/has + not +d one.
一般疑问句:have或has。
六、过去完成时:
概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本结构:had + done.
否定形式:had + not + done.
一般疑问句:had放于句首。
七、一般将来时:
概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
八、过去将来时:
概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本结构:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do; ②would/should + not + do.
一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should 提到句首。
⑼ 八年级英语总复习(知识点汇总)
八年级英语总复习(知识点)
上册
Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
1. how often 每多久一次(针对频率提问)
how long 多久+段时间
how far 多远 +距离
how old 多大+岁数
how many+复名 多少+数目
how much+不可数名词 多少+数目
2. once a month 一月一次
twice a week 一周两次
three times a day 一天三次
3. on weekends = at weekends 在周末
4. go to the movies = see the movies 去看电影
watch TV 看电视
5. surf the Internet 上网冲浪
6. be good for 对……有好处
be good at 在。。。很擅长= do well in
7. look after = take care of 照看
8. stay / keep healthy = keep in good health 保持健康
9. make a big difference 有很大不同、对…很重要
be different from 。。。和。。。不同
Unit 2 What’s the matter
1.What’s the matter with you ? 你怎么啦?
=What’s wrong with you ?
=What’s the trouble ?
2.have a stomachache 胃疼
=have a sore stomach
have a cold 感冒
have a fever 发烧
have a headache =have a sore head头痛
3.be sorry for sth 因某事抱歉
be sorry to do sth 做某事感到抱歉
4.lie down and rest 躺下休息
5.listen to music 听音乐
6.drink some hot tea with hone喝点热蜂蜜茶
drink lots of water多喝水
7.see a dentist = go to the dentist看牙医
8. It’s important to eat a balanced diet.
平衡饮食很重要。
It’s +adj +(for sb) to do sth (强调做某事怎样)
It’s + adj + of sb + to do sth (强调某人怎样)
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?
1.babysit = look after =take care of照顾
2.relax at home在家休息
relaxing 放松的(形容事物)
relaxed放松的(形容人)
4.decide to do sth决定做某事= make a dicision to do sth= make up one’s mind to do sth
decide on sth 选定某物
decide on doing sth 选定做某事
5. for vacation = on vacation = take / spend / have a vacation度假
6. plan to do sth计划做某事
make a plan 制定计划
7.can’t wait to do sth迫不及待做某事
8.spend on sth = spend in doing sth
花费时间/金钱做某事
9.sleep a lot睡足 sleep late 睡懒觉
10.ask sb about sth 寻问某人某事
ask sb(not) to do sth=tell sb (not) to do sth
叫某人(别)做某事
Unit 4 How do you get to school?
1. get to school = arrive at school = reach school
到达学校
2.take a taxi 乘出租汽车
ride a bike 骑自行车
by bike = on the bike 骑自行车
by car = in a car 乘小汽车
by bus = on the bus 乘公共汽车
by boat = in a boat 乘船
on foot 步行
3.leave for +某地 前往+某地
leave +某地 离开某地
4.have a quick breakfast 匆忙地吃早饭
5.depend on 依靠 决定于
6.around the world全世界=all over the world
7.not all students = some students 并非所有的学生
8.have to do sth = must do sth 不得不做某事
9.a number of = a lot of 许多(作主语,谓语用复数)
10.the number of....的总量 (作主语,谓语用单数)
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?
1. come to 来到
2. have /take a piano lesson 上一节钢琴课
3. would love / like to…愿意…
4. too much + 不可数名词 太多的。。。
5. study for a test 准备考试
6. have to不得不;必须(强调客观)= must(强调主观)
7. the day after tomorrow 后天
8. invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某
invite sb to + 某地 邀请某人到某地
9.practice the piano 练钢琴
practice doing sth 练习做某事
Unit 6 I’m more outgoing than my sister.
1.in common 共同点
2.in some ways 从某些方面
In different ways 用不同的方式,在不同的方面
in the same way 用同样的方式
3.in the future 在将来
4.in my opinion 依我之见
5.both ....and 两者都
both of us 我们两个都
6.look different 看起来不同
look the same 看起来一样
7.not as /so ……as 不如
8.a little taller 稍稍高一点
9.much bigger 大得多
much more outgoing 外向得多
10.begin with = start with 从...开始
11.make them laugh 使他们笑
make sb do sth = let sb do sth
12.tell jokes 讲笑话
13.between...and... 在...和...之间
14.more than=over 超出,超过
Unit 7 How do you make a banana mile shake?
1.pour…in/into 把…倒进…里
2.put…into/on 把…放进…里或放在…上
3.cut up 切碎
5.cut prices 削价
6.mix sth up 混合...
7.add…to 把…加在…里
8.turn on/off 打开/ 关上(电源)
Unit 8 How was your school trip?
1. go to the aquarium去水族馆
2. take / have photos = take / have pictures照相
3. hang out with one’s friends与朋友闲逛
4.what else…别的什么。。。
else “别的,其他的”,位于疑问代词或不定代词后
5. at the end of…在。。。末尾(可用于时间,也可用于地方)
6. go for a drive开车兜风
7. win a /(the first )prize赢得奖品(第一名)
8. day off 休息日
9. sound like听起来象
look like 看起来象
feel like 摸起来象
10. school trip学校组织的旅行
Unit 9 When was he born?
1. be born in 出生于……(只用于过去时)
2. too…to… 太……而不能……= so… that not
3. free time业余时间;空余时间
free 空闲的,免费的 a free ticket 一张免费的票
4. at the age of four 在四岁的时候(可以和when引导的时间状语从句转换)
5. take part in参加
6. the 70-year history七十年的历史
7. because of 因为(后接n 或动名词)
8. major in sth.主修某科目
Unit 10 I’m going to be a basketball player.
1. be going to +动词原形 “计划,打算做某事”
2. grow up成长
3. somewhere interesting有趣的地方
4. a fashion show一次时装展示会
5. a part-time job一份零工一份业余工作
A full-time job 一份全职工作
6. save some money省钱,攒钱
make money挣钱,赚钱
7. at the same time同时
8. travel all over the world= travel around the world
环游全世界
9. send…to…送……到……
10. get good grades取得好分数
get lots of exercise 多锻炼
11. communicate with sb.与……交际;与……交流
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?
1. take out拿出来
2. make the bed整理床铺
3. sweep the floor扫地,清洁地面
4. fold your clothes叠衣服
5. clean the living room清理起居室(打扫)
6. invite…to…邀请……到……
7. take care of / look after照顾
8. forget to do sth.忘记要去干…… (事未做)
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 (事已做)
9. work on从事
Unit 12 Want’s te best radio station?
1. close to home靠近家的= near home
2. comfortable seats舒适的座位
uncomfortable 不舒服的
3. do a survey of… 做一个。。。的调查
4. play a piano piece弹一支钢琴曲
5. the price of……的价格
6. talent show才能展示
a boring TV show乏味的电视节目
7.a 1ot许多(位于句末,修饰动词)
八年级下学期期末总复习(知识点)
下册
Unit 1 Will people have robots?
1. 一般将来时:
be going to 和will / shall
2. be free 有空的,免费的
free time 空闲时间
in one’s free time 在某人的空闲时间
3. live to be +年龄 活到。。。岁
4. in +时间 表示将来时间 “在。。。(时间)后”针对此时间状语用how soon 提问。
5. few, little, much, many以及它们的比较级和最高级。
6. hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, billions of以及有具体数字时它们的用法。
Unit 2 What should I do?
1. 提建议的说法:
should / could + 动词原形
You / We’d better + 动词原形
Shall we + 动词原形。。。?
Why not / Why don’t you +动词原形。。。?
Let’s +动词原形
What / How about +v.ing。。。?
2. write sb a letter= write (a letter) to sb.
3. call sb up= call sb= ring sb= ring sb up=give a call to sb= phone sb=talk with sb on the phone 给某人打电话
4. a ticket to a ball game 一张球赛的票
the key to the door 门的钥匙
the answer to the question 问题的答案
the solution to the problem 问题的解决方法
5. spend, pay, cost, take 表示“花费”的用法
Sb spends money / time on sth.
某人在某物方面花费钱/ 时间
Sb. pays (money) for sth 某人为某物支付(钱)
Sth costs sb some money 某物花某人多少钱
It takes sb time/ money to do sth 做某事花某人时间/ 钱
6. borrow sth from sb 向某人借某物
lend sth to sb=lend sb sth 把某物借给某人
7. buy sth for sb= buy sb sth 买某物给某人
8. everyone else 别的每个人
What else…? 。。。别的什么吗?
9. except= but 除。。。以外(除去后面提到的事物)
besides 除。。。以外(包含后面所提事物)
10. I don’t know what to do. =
I don’t know what I can / should do.
11. fail one’s test / exam 考试不及格
pass the test / exam 通过考试
12. get on / along well with sb.和某人相处很好
13. 主+ find / think +it + adj + to do sth.
=主+find / think + it + be +adj + to do sth
某人觉得/ 认为做某事是怎样的
14. on the one hand, on the other hand
在一方面,在另一方面
Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
1. 过去进行时:was / were + ving
2. when 和while
3. take off 起飞 --- land 降落
take off脱衣--- put on 穿上
4. How strange it was! = What a strange thing it was!
Isn’t that amazing! = How amazing it is!= What an amazing thing it is!
5. at nine o’clock last Sunday morning
at that time
on April 4, 1968
on this day
6. one of +名词复数 。。。之一
7. take place= happen 发生
What happened to sb? 某人发生什么事了?
Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
1. hard-working 和work hard
2. 间接引语(属于宾语从句)
直接引语变为间接引语时的几个变化:
人称;时态;部分词汇和时间状语
3. not…anymore = no more 不再
not…any longer = no longer 不再
4. first of all = at first 首先
5. be good at = do well in 擅长于
6. How is it going? = How are you?
7. be in good health = be healthy 健康的
8. have a hard time with sth.
have a hard time doing sth. 做某事很吃力
9. send one’s love / regards / wishes to sb = give one’s love / regards / wishes to sb. 将爱/ 问候/ 祝福带给某人
10. get over 忘掉(不愉快的事),克服
11. sound like 听起来象 look like 看起来象 smell like 闻起来象 taste like 尝起来象 feel like 摸起来象 seem like 似乎象是
后面都接名词
12. above sea level 海平面以上
13. work as 做什么工作
Unit 5 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!
1. if引导的条件状语从句:主将从现,主情从现
2. let sb in 让某人进入
3. take away sth 或take away sth把某物拿走
take it / them away 把它/ 它们拿走
4. to the party 参加聚会at the party在聚会上
5. travel around the world 环游世界
All over the world = in the world = around the world 全世界
6. get an ecation 受教育
7. make a living (by) doing sth = do sth for a living
做某事以谋生
8. charity --- charities 慈善事业,慈善机构
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
1. 现在完成进行时:have / has been doing
2. for +时间段,since +时间点,since +从句 都表示时间段,针对它们提问都用how long
3. a pair of skates 一双溜冰鞋
two pairs of skates
4. several = a few, some 几个,一些
5. three and a half years = three years and a half 三年半
6. run out of = use up 用完
7. on my seventh birthday 在我七岁生日那天
8. globes with animals 有动物的球
coffee with milk 加牛奶的咖啡
9. fly kites 放飞风筝
10. learn a lot about… 关于。。。学到很多
11. in fact 事实上,实际上
12. the more+ 句子,the more +句子 越。。。,就越。。。
13. I’m certain…= I’m sure… 我相信。。。,我肯定。。。
Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
1. mind dong sth 介意做某事
mind not doing sth 介意不做某事
mind one’s doing sth 介意某人的某事
2. 表示“请求”的句子:
Would you mind (not) doing sth? =
Could / Would you please (not) do sth?
3. turn down (音量)调小 turn up (音量)调大
turn on 打开(电器)turn off 关掉(电器)
4. right away = at once = in a minute 立即,马上
5. make dinner = cook dinner 做晚餐
6. wait in line 排队等候
wait for sb / sth 等候某人/ 谋物
wait a minute / moment 等一会儿
7. get mad = get annoyed = get angry 变得生气
8. all the time = always 总是
9. a bit late = a little late = a little bit late 有点晚
10. follow sb around 跟着某人到处走
follow me. 跟我学/ 走/ 说/ 做
following 如下的,接着的
11. order the food 点菜
in right order 以正确的顺序
order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事
12. in public places = in public 在公众场合
13. give sb suggestions = give sb advice 给某人提建议
14. pick up sth = pick up sth 捡起某物
pick apples 摘苹果
pick out = choose 挑选
Unit 8 Why don’t you get her a scarf?
1. Why don’t you = Why not
2. special enough 足够特别地
creative enough 足够有创意地
3. What a lucky guy! = How lucky the guy is!
多么幸运的家伙呀!
4. easy to take care of 容易照顾
easy to get along with 容易相处
5. a 6-year-old child 一个六岁的孩子
6. not …at all 一点也不
not at all 一点也不,没关系
7. fall asleep = go to sleep = be asleep 入睡
8. rather than = instead of 而不是
9. too many gifts 太多的礼物
too much money 太多的钱
much too hot 太热
10. in different ways 用不同的方式
In the same way 用相同的方式
In this way 用这种方法
on the way to spl 在去某地的途中
by the way 顺便说一下
11. hear of = hear about 听说。。。
12. take an interest in = have an interest in = show an interest in = be interested in 对。。。感兴趣
13. make friends with sb 和某人交朋友
Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?
1. 现在完成时:have / has + p.p.
2. have / has gone to, have / has been to和have / has been in
3. Me neither. “我也没有” 可以和一个neither带出的倒装句互换。
4. an English-speaking country 一个说英语的国家
5. The best way to do sth is …..做某事最好的方法是。。。
6. It’s because (that)….. 那时因为。。。
7. in Southeast Asia = in the southeast of Asia 在亚洲的东南部
8. take a holiday = have a holiday = go on a holiday = spend a holiday 渡假 holiday = vacation
9. three quarters = three fourths 3 / 4
a half = one second 1 / 2
a quarter = one fourth 1 / 4
10. something to eat 吃的东西
something important 重要的东西
11. Whether… or…不管。。。还是。。。
12. ring the daytime = in the daytime 在白天
at night 在夜里
13. all year round 整年
14. whenever = no matter when 无论何时
wherever = no matter where 无论何地
whoever = no matter who无论是谁
however = no matter how 无论怎样
15. spring 春 summer 夏
autumn = fall 秋 winter 冬
Unit10 It’s a nice day, isn’t it?
1. 反意疑问句:前肯后否;前否后肯
2. play sports = do sports 做运动
3. What do you think of …?= How do you like…?
你认为什么怎么样?
4. have a wonderful time = have a good / great / nice time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得开心
5.be careful to do sth = take care to do sth小心做某事
6. cross the street = go / walk the street 过街
⑽ 谁可以帮我总结初中阶段英语的知识点(短语,语法)
1. 人称代词
主格: I we you she he it they
宾格: me us you her him it them
形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their
名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容词和副词的比较级
(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音节词前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 双写最后一个字母,再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y变i,再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不规则变化:
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可数词的复数形式
Most nouns + s a book –books
Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
5. 缩略形式
I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is
it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc
6. a/an
a book, a peach
an egg an hour
7. Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
表示时间: at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Day
in the evening in December in winter
8. 基数词和序数词
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth
9. Some /any
I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10. be 动词
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
(3)一般疑问句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
11. there be 结构
肯定句: There is a …
There are …
一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
否定句: There isn’t …. There aren’t….
12. 祈使句
Sit down please
Don’t sit down, please.
13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”.
形式: be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
动词 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming
14 一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
形式:
肯定句:
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day
一、一般现在时
★ 一般现在时指经常性或习惯性的动作或状态,常和often, usually, always, sometimes, every…等时间状语连用。肯定句谓语动词用动词原形(单三+s), 否定句用don’t /doesn’t +动词原形,疑问句用Do/Does…+动词原形?
e.g. Tom does his homework every day. 汤姆每天都做家庭作业。
否定句:Tom doesn’t do his homework everyday. 汤姆每天都不做家庭作业。
疑问句:Does Tom do his homework everyday 汤姆每天都做家庭作业吗?
Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t. 是的。(不,不做。)
二、现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法
1.表示说话时正在进行的动作
常和now 连用,有时用一个look、listen ,来表now 这一时间概念。
*Look! A train is coming .看,火车来了。
*Listen! He is playing the piano.听,他在弹琴。
2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作
但不一定是说话时正在进行。常和at present ,this week ,these days…等时间状语连用。
*What lesson are you studying this week?你们本周学哪一课了?(说话时并不在学)
3.现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作
即是说可以用来代替将来时,但此时,一般要与表示将来时的时间状语连用,而且仅限于少量动词。如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, return . sleep
*Are you going to Tianjin tomorrow? 你明天去天津吗?
*How many of you are coming to the party next week? 你们有多少人下周要来参加晚会