A. 九年级的英语知识点,最好分一下单元,就例如hpoe to do sth hope+句子,这种的,不要抄袭........有高分
我也初三,我觉得这些挺有用,希望能帮到你
一、 She used to be a history teacher.
【句型介绍】该句句意为她过去是一名历史老师。 used to do sth. 表过去经常做某事,暗示现在已不再如此,句中to后接动词原形。只能用于过去时态,并且可用于所有人称。其否定形式为used not to ... 疑问形式为Used you to ... ? Used he to ... ? 等。而在口语中或不太正式的书面语中,否定形式为didn't use to ...,疑问形式为Did you use to ... ? Did he use to ... ? 等。
He doesn't smoke these days, but he used to (somke). 他现在不抽烟,但是他以前抽。
【句式比较】 1. be used to do sth.,被动语态结构,意为被用来做某事,句中to后接动词原形。
This machine can be used to proce juice. 这台机器可以用来做果汁。
2. be/get used to (doing) sth.,习惯于做某事,句中to为介词,后接名词、代词、动名词。
I'm not used to the noisy city life here. 我不习惯这儿喧嚣的城市生活。
Are you used to singing loudly in public places? 你习惯在公共场所高声唱歌吗?
【特别提醒】注意各句型中to后面的动词形式。
二、 what is worse
【句型介绍】 意思为更糟糕的是,常作为插入语,强调后出现的情况比先出现的情况更糟糕,含有强烈的感情色彩,常可替换成worse than all/ever, to make the matter worse。
It was very dark outside, and what was worse, it began to rain. 外面很暗,而糟糕的是,天开始下雨了。
I started very late, and worse than all, I met with a traffic jam. 我出发得很迟,更糟糕的是,又遇到了交通阻塞。
【句式比较】 1. what's more,更何况,强调后出现的情况程度远远超过先出现的情况。
I'm not afraid of it, because I work hard, and what's more, many friends will help me. 这一点我并不害怕,因为我工作很努力,更何况许多朋友会帮我。
2. besides也有更何况之意,其用法与what's more相同。
I'm sure he will be fired, because he has been late so many times, and besides he has caused so much loss to our company. 我确信他肯定会被解雇,因为他迟到了这么多次,更何况他给我们公司造成了这么多损失。
【特别提醒】 通过语境区分各句型。
三、 We're having a family meeting.
【句型介绍】该句句意为我们要开一个家庭会议, are having从结构上看是现在进行时态,但它表达的是将来时态。在口语中come, go, fly, leave, move, travel等表位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示一般将来时态。
I'm leaving for Shanghai next Monday. 我下周一要去上海。
He's moving into a new house tomorrow. 他明天要搬进新房去。
The boy's father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by telegraph.
【句型介绍】该句中so ... that ... 表示如此......以致......,引导结果状语从句,so后面接形容词、副词原级。
She is so beautiful that many people like her. 她长得很漂亮,许多人都喜欢她。
so 有时出现在以that 引导的从句中表示非常的意思,如课本中出现的I'm so happy that you could come to England with us for the holidays.
【句式比较】
1. such ... that ...,如此......以致......,引导结果状语从句,such后面接名词顺序为such + a/an + adj. + n., 而so 修饰时为 so + adj. + a/an + n.。
It was such a wonderful film that I saw it many times. (It was so wonderful a film that I saw it many times.) 这场电影如此精彩以致于我看了很多遍。
It was such good news that he felt very excited at it. 这个消息很好,听到之后他感到很激动。
2. so that,意为以便......时,引导目的状语从句,此时so that前面没有逗号,后面常出现may, can等情态动词;意为结果......时,引导结果状语从句,此时so that前面常有逗号。
He started very early so that he could get there in time. 他出发得很早以便能及时到达那里。
【特别提醒】 着重从结构、逻辑、标点符号、习惯搭配等角度区分这些句型。
It's made of bamboo and animal's hair.
【句型介绍】 该句中be made of 表示由......制成,从成品中看得出原材料, 后面接材料。
This cup is made of paper. 这个杯子是由纸做的。
Those chairs are made of steel. 那些椅子是钢做的。
【句式比较】
1. be made from,由......制成,从成品中看不出原材料, 后面也接材料。
Bread is made from flour. 面包是由面粉做的。
2. be made in,由某地制造,后接产地。
This kind of car is made in Shanghai. 这种小汽车是上海造的。
Bikes can be made in our city. 我市能生产自行车。
3. be made into,......制成了......
Class is made into bottles. 玻璃可制成瓶子。
4. be made by, 由某人制造,后接生产者。
The coat is made by Miss Wang at home. 这件外衣是由王小姐在家里做的。
5. be made up of, 由......组成, 指某物或某组织由某种成分或成员组成。
This TV set is made up of hundreds of different parts. 这台电视机是由数百个不同的零件组装成的。
一、It seems that ...
[句型介绍] 意为似乎是......;看起来好像......,it为形式主语,that后引导的从句为真正主语。
It seems that they are talking about something.似乎他们在谈论什么。
[比较] seem to do sth.似乎在做......
He seems to be a clever boy.他看起来像个聪明的男孩。
二、make one's way
[句型介绍] 意为一路前进;向前。
The soldiers made their way in the thick snow.战士们在厚厚的雪地上前进。
The firemen are making their way out of the burning house. 消防队员们正从燃烧的房子里冲出来。
[比较] feel one's way 摸索着前进;lose one's way 迷路;push one's way 挤着前进;fight one's way杀出一条路。
It was very dark outside, so he had to feel his way.外面很暗,所以他不得不摸索着前进。
The child lost his way at the cinema and with the help of the policeman he found his way to go home. 这个小孩儿在电影院迷路了,在警察的帮助下他找到了回家的路。
There were so many people at the station that they had to push their way. 火车站的人真多,他们不得不挤着前进。
The soldiers fought their way out of the enemy's encirclement. 战士们从敌人的包围圈中杀出了一条路。
三、on one's way to
[句型介绍] 意为在某人去某地的途中,one's也可换成the,to后面接地点名词,若地点为副词,应省to。
On his/the way to Beijing, he found a secret. 在去北京途中他发现了一个秘密。
She met with a traffic accident on her/the way home.回家途中她遭遇了车祸。
[比较] on one's way from ... to ...在某人从......到......途中
On my/the way home, I picked up a wallet. 回家路上,我拾到了一只皮夹子。
On their/the way from Shanghai to Beijing, they discussed this matter. 在从上海到北京的途中,他们讨论了这个问题。
四、wait for one's turn to do sth.
[句型介绍] 意为等候轮到某人做某事,to do sth.为不定式作定语。
I am waiting for my turn to buy a ticket. 我在等着轮到我买票。
Are you waiting for your turn to take a bath? 你在等着洗澡吗?
[比较] It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事;take turns at doing sth. 轮流做某事。
Is it your turn to clean the blackboard? 今天轮到你擦黑板吗?
Whose turn is it to be on ty today? 今天轮到谁值日?
They took turns at watching at his bedside.他们轮流守护在他的床前。
[特别提醒] 这些句型中的turn均为名词,表依次轮流的顺序。
五、feel like doing sth.
[句型介绍] 意为想要做某事,feel like后面应接动名词作宾语。
I feel like having something to eat. 我想吃点儿东西。
Do you feel like going swimming? 你想去游泳吗?
[比较] would/should like to do sth. 愿意做某事,should 常用于第一人称,would用于各种人称。
I would like to stay at home this afternoon. 今天下午我想呆在家里。
六、stop sb. from doing sth.
[句型介绍] 意为阻止某人做某事,句中stop可换成prevent或keep,from也可以省去,但keep sb. from doing sth.中的from不可省。
What stopped you (from) coming to see me?什么事让你没来看我?
[比较] protect ... from保护......不受......侵害
An umbrella can protect us from the rain. 雨伞能保护我们不被雨淋湿。
七、stand on one's head
[句型介绍] 意为倒立,为身体姿势描绘用语。
The actress can stand on her head for five minutes. 这个女演员能倒立五分钟。
Can you stand on your head? 你会倒立吗?
[比较] stand on one's feet站着;stand on one foot 单足站立
Can you stand on one foot for an hour? 你能单脚站一个小时吗?
Having stood on his feet for a long time, he felt very tired.站了很长时间了,他感到累了。
八、not ... until ...
[句型介绍] 意为直到......才......,表某一动作或状态直到until或till所表示的时间为止才开始发生。
He didn't go home until 5 p.m. 直到下午五点,他才回家。
She didn't get married until she was thirty years old. 直到三十岁她才结婚。
[比较] do ... until/till,表示某一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止才结束,其谓语动词须为持续性动词。
He worked until the clock struck twelve.他一直工作到钟敲了十二点。
一、 lose oneself in
[句型介绍]意为沉溺于......,in为介词,后接名词、代词、动名词。
At the meeting, he lost himself in reading newspapers. 开会时,他读报入了神。
She often loses herself in deep thought when she is alone. 独自一人时,她经常沉溺于思考之中。
[比较] be lost in迷失方向;沉溺于......
Take care, and not to be lost in the woods again.当心别再在森林中迷路了。
[特别提醒] be lost in的主语为人称代词的主格或名词,而不能为反身代词。
二、 say to oneself
[句型介绍]意为心里想......,反身代词和主语在人称上应保持一致。
I woke up at six and said to myself, It's still early.我六点钟时醒了, 心想:还早呢。
When he heard what the teacher said, he said to himself, I should study hard. 当他听到老师的讲话时,心想我应当认真学习。
[比较] talk to oneself 自言自语,反身代词和主语在人称上也应保持一致。
An old man likes to talk to himself. 老人喜欢自言自语。
三、 主语(人) + spend ...(in) doing sth.
[句型介绍]该句表示某人花费时间做某事,spend后面需接表时间的名词,介词in可以省去。
He spent quite a lot of time (in) working out this maths problem. 他花了许多时间才解出了这道数学题。
How much time did you spend(in) reading this book? 读这本书花了你多长时间?
[比较]主语(人) + spend +金钱+ on sth.,花费金钱买某物;It costs/takes+时间+to do sth. 花费时间做某事;pay ... for ...,为......付款。
He spends most of his money on food.他把大部分钱用来买食物。
Did it take you much time to prepare for it?准备这件事花了你很多时间吗?
It cost me fifty yuan to buy this dictionary. 我花了五十元买了这本字典。
He paid twenty yuan for a pair of glasses. 他花了20元买了一副眼镜。
四、 I'm sure that ...
[句型介绍] 该句表示对某事有肯定的认识或判断。
I'm sure that she is an honest girl. 我肯定她是一个诚实的女孩。
Are you sure that she has stolen your pen? 你能肯定是她偷了你的钢笔吗?
[比较] I'm not sure if ...,表示对某事没有肯定的认识或判断,是I'm sure that 的否定句。
I'm not sure if he will come on time. 我无法确定他是否会按时来。
五、 get on with ...
[句型介绍] 意为在......取得进展;与......相处融洽,如果进展顺利或相处融洽, on后面可加well,但此时该句不可用于How引导的特殊疑问句。
-How are you getting on with your speech? 你的演讲准备得怎么样了?
-I'm getting on well with it. 进展顺利。
Can Tom get on well with his classmates? 汤姆能和他的同学融洽相处吗?
[比较] get along with,含义及用法与get on with相同。
He is getting along well with his new book. 他的新书写得很顺利。
He is easy to get along well with. 他很容易相处。
六、 be fed up with ...
[句型介绍] 意为对......感到厌烦。with为介词,后面应接名词、代词、动名词。
I'm fed up with working with him.我讨厌和他共事。
Are you fed up with eating the same food every day? 你讨厌每天吃同样的食物吗?
[比较] be tired of对......感到厌烦;讨厌......
I'm tired of dealing with such kind of man. 我讨厌和这样的人打交道。
B. 九下英语1~6单元知识点小结
花费 take ,cost, spend , pay
sb.
sb. sb.
a few 与 a little 的区别,few 与 little 的区别
⑴ a few 一些 修饰可数名词 如: 他有一些朋友。 a little 一些 修饰不可数名词
在瓶子里有一些糖。
⑵ few 少数的 修饰可数名词 他没有几个朋友。
little 少数的 修饰不可数名词
在瓶子里没有多少水。
九年级英语Unit1
1. (P2,1a) 通过……方式 如: by 还可以表示:“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用、”“经过”、“乘车”等
如:I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o’clock. The student went to park by bus. (P3,2a) aloud, loud与loudly的用法 三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
①,重点在但声音不一定很大,常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。 ②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。
③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。 她经常练习说英语。 (P3,2a,) 提建议的句子:
① Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如:Shall we/ I go shopping?
②Why don’t 如:Why don’t you go shopping?
1/12页
③ 如:Why not go shopping?
④Let’ 如: Let’s go shopping
⑤ 如:What/ How about going shopping?
解析:What/ how about „ 用于向他人征求意见或提出建议,后接名词、代词、动名词。回答
时常用“OK”,“That’s a good idea.”或者提出另一种不通的建议。 : 太…以至于不能…
So+adj\adv+that 句子:如此…以至于…
adj\adv + enough to do sth : 足够… 以至于…
如:I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了,什么都不想说。
She is so shy that she can’t say a word in public.= She is too shy to say a word in public.
He is too young to go to school. = He is so young that he he cant go to school .
=He is not old enough to go to school.
(P4,3a) ask sb about sth 询问某人关于某事My mother often asks me about my study.
ask sb (not) to do sth 让某人(不要)做某事 Our teacher often asks us not to play in the street. (P4,3a) find 宾语(sb\sth) + 宾语补足语(adj\名词\介词\现在分词\过去分词):发现某人\某物„ I find the book easy to read.我发现这本书读起来很容易。
They find her a good girl.他们发现她是一个好姑娘。
C. 九年级人教版英语第5单元、第八单元知识点整理(要全面一点的)
Unit 8一、短语
1. clean up 清扫
2.give out 分发,发放
3.cheer up=make…happier 使...高兴,使...振作
4.after school study program 课外学习班
5.come up with=think up 提出,想出
6.put off(doing sth) 推迟(做某事)
7.write down 写下,记下
8.put up 张贴
9.hand out 分发,发放 = give out
10.call sb up 给某人打电话 = ring sb up = give sb a call/ring = call/ telephone sb = make a telephone call with sb
11.ser up=establish 建立
12.be home to sb 是某人的家园
13.volunteer one’s time to do sth 自愿花时间干...
14.put…to use… 把...投入使用 15.elementary school 小学
16.plan to do sth 计划干...打算干= plan on doing sth
17.coach a football team for kids 训练少年足球队
18.start a Chinese History club 开办一个中国史俱乐部
19.run out of 用完,耗尽
20.take after 在性格或长相方面与父母相象
21.fix up 修理
22.give away 捐赠
23.be similar to 与...相似
24.ask for 索要
ask sb for sth 向某人要某物
25.a call-in center for parents 家长热线
26.hang out 闲荡
27.put up signs asking for singing jobs 张贴寻求唱歌工作的广告
28.run out of money for singing lessons 学唱歌的钱用完了
29.disabled people 残疾人
30.for sure 确实如此,毫无疑问
31.fill…with... 用...填充...
be filled with = be full of 被装满了...
32.help...out 帮助...做事,解决难题(摆脱困境)
33.a specially trained dog 一只经过特殊训练的狗
34.train sb to do sth 训练某人干... 35.fetch my book 去把我的书拿来
36.part of speech 词性
二、重点知识
1.You could give out food at a food bank. (P60)你可以在食品供应站分发食品。
give out在这里是“分发”,“散发”的意思。
Our English teacher gave out the examination papers when the bell rang.
我们的英语老师在铃响的时候分发试卷。
◎另外一个意思为“用完”,“消耗尽”。
After a week their food supplies gave out. 一周之后,他们的食物供应用完了。
◎还有一个意思为“发出”,“送出”。
The sun gives out a lot of heat. 太阳能发出热量。
2.He looks sad. Let’s cheer him up.(P61)他看上去很伤心。我们去帮他振作起来吧。
cheer up sb或cheer sb up意为“(使某人)高兴起来,振作起来”。如果是代词做宾语,则将代词放在中间。
Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 不要发愁啦,这消息不错嘛!
He took her to the ballet to cheer her up.
他为了使她高兴起来,便带她去看芭蕾舞。
3.This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week, so it is a major commitment. (P62)这份义工每周花了他们每个人好几个小时的时间,所以这是一个重大的贡献。
(1)each of them是指“他们中的每一个”。如果做主语,则谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
知识拓展
each与every的用法
◎each指一个整体中的每一个,强调个体;every着重于全体的总和,强调整体。试比较:
Each has a different book. (强调各有不同。)
Here every child at the age of six can go to school. (侧重整体,无一例外。)
◎each可作形容词及代词,而every只能作形容词,但可与-one,-body,-thing等构成复合代词。
◎each用在代词或复数名词前要用介词of连接,如each of them, each of the boys; every不能直接跟of连接,如不可以说every of them,而要说every one of them或each of them。
◎every还可以表示“每隔”,后接基数词加名词,如every four weeks, every three months等,此种结构中的every不能用each代替。
She had a rest every fives minutes. 她每隔5分钟就休息一会儿。
魔力纠错
①街道两旁有许多商店。
误:There are many shops on every side of the street.
正:There are many shops on each side of the street.
魔力解析
each可以用来指两个或两个以上的人或物,但是every却总是指三个或三个以上的人或物,不能指两者。
4.Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. (P62)我不仅对帮助别人感到很满足,而且我还渐渐地花时间做自己喜爱做的事情。
(1)not only ... but also (also可省略)是“不但……而且……”的意思,当置于句首时,not only后面从句的主谓要倒装,但but (also)后面的主谓不用倒装。
Not only has he been to Canada, but (also) he knows some Canadians.
他不仅去过加拿大,而且还认识许多加拿大人。
Not only did he teach at school, but (also) he wrote novels.
他不仅在学校里教书,而且还写小说。
Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时,谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如:
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。
常见的就近原则的结构有:
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)
hand in“面交”,“上交”。
The students are handing their papers in.学生们在交试卷。
10. The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. (P64)他想到的那些办法获得了成功。
(1)这是一个由that引导的定语从句,先行词是前面的strategies。动词短语worked out在这里作主语the strategies的谓语,意为“产生结果,发展为,结果是……”,后面不可接宾语,主语也不用“人”来充当。
I wonder how their ideas worked out in practice.
我很想知道他们的想法在实践中取得了什么结果。
We didn’t plan it like that but it worked out very well.
我们原不是那样计划的,但结果却很好。
知识拓展
work out的其它用法
It was the best solution that he was able to work out at this time.
这是他这时能想出的最好的解决办法了。(想出)
I can’t work out the meaning of this poem. 我理解不了这首诗的意思。(理解)
Have you worked out this math problem? 你已经算出这道数学问题了吗?(算出)
短语链语
◎work on意为“从事”。
Professor Green is working on a new book. 格林教授正在写一本新书。
He is working on a maths problem. 他正在算一道数学难题。
◎work on后面无宾语时,表示继续工作。
It’s very late, but they were still working on.
时间很晚了,但他们仍然在继续工作。
(2)fine在这里是副词,可与well替换,意思是“好,顺利”。
The machine works fine. 这台机器运行很好。
Sam is doing fine in his new business.
萨姆在他的新业务中一切进展顺利。
11.Who has filled my life with pleasure. (P66)……使我生活充满快乐的人。
(1)本句中的fill...with...表示一个动作,意为“用……装满……”,其主语通常是人。
He filled the bag with books. 他在书包里装满了书。
Please fill the bottle with milk. 请将瓶子装满牛奶。
知识拓展
be filled with表示一个状态,意为“装满了……”,相当于be full of,其主语通常是人或物。
The room was filled with smoke. 房间里浓烟弥漫。
Her eyes were filled with tears. 她眼睛里充满了泪水。
(2)pleasure意为“高兴,快乐”,是不可数名词;表示“乐趣,高兴的事”时是可数名词。
Reading gives me great pleasure. 读书给了我很多快乐。
It is one of my greatest pleasures. 它是我最大乐趣之一。
◎在口语中It’s pleasure. 是回答感谢的客套语。
—Thank you for your help. 感谢你的帮助。
—It’s a pleasure. 不用谢。
特别提示
◎pleased是形容词,意为“自己感到高兴的,欣喜的,满意的”,指以任何方式表现出来或未表现出来的满足与快乐,在句中常用作表语,其主语为人。
The two friends were very pleased to see each other again.
这两个朋友非常高兴再次见面。
I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me.
使我高兴的是经理已经不再生我的气了。
◎pleasant也是形容词,表示“使人感到愉快/满意”,一般用作定语,如主语是物,也可以用作表语。
It’s pleasant weather today. 今天的天气令人愉快。
It’s very pleasant to sit down after standing for hours.
站了几小时后坐下来很舒服。
◎please是动词,表示“(使)高兴,满意,愉快”。
Does the cloth please you? 这布料合你的意吗?
12. Because I can’t use my arms or legs well, normal things like answering the telephone, opening and shutting doors, or carrying things have always been difficult for me. (P66)因为我不能灵活地使用我的手和脚,像接电话、开关门、拿东西这样的事情对于我来说都很难。
(1)本句中的shut意为“关”,在许多情况下可以与close互换,只是后者语气较弱,如close the door关门(也可能指半开半闭),shut the door关门(指把门关紧)。
That shop shuts at eight pm. 那家商店八点钟关门。
He closed his speech with a funny joke. 他用一个有趣的笑话结束了演说。
◎当表示“关闭公路,铁路或交通工具”或作“结束”讲时,只用close。
They have closed the road for thick fog. 由于大雾,那条公路被关闭。
特别提示
turn off用来表示“关闭”有开关的东西,如收音机、电视、煤气、水龙头等。
Please turn off the light when you leave the lab.
在你离开实验室前关掉灯。
Make sure the gas is turned off before you go to bed.
确保上床前把煤气关掉。
(2)本句中的carry意为“搬运,携带”,不表示带到什么地方,而携带的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。
She carried a baby in her arms. 她怀里抱了一个孩子。
He was carrying a wooden box on his shoulder.他扛着一个木箱。
特别提示
在后面“Lucky! Fetch my book.”一句中出现的fetch相当于go and bring back,意为“取来,接来”,表示一往一返。
Let’s fetch some water. 咱们去打点水来。
People had to walk many kilometers in order to fetch wood.
为了取木料,人们不得不走许多公里路。
D. 求文档: 九年级新目标英语11--15单元短语和重要句型归纳
新课标英语中考总复习系列
◆ unit11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?
目标语言:ask for information politely
重点句型:P86-1a&1c,P87-2a&2c,p88-3b&4
要求背诵的是p88-3a
知识点:
1. 宾语从句的定义:宾语从句就是在复合句中作主句的宾语。
2. 宾语从句的引导词:1)连词that引导的宾语从句,在口语和非正式文件中可以省略。2)由连接代词what, which, who, whose或连接副词when, where, why, how等词引导的宾语从句。3)由连词if或whether引导。如,I hope that you will have a good holiday. He asked who could answer this question. They don’t know if they will visit the history museum tomorrow.
3. 宾语从句的语序:宾语从句的语序应当用陈述语序。即,从句的连接词后面是主语+谓语+宾语的语序。注意连接词在句子中当主语时,后面直接跟谓语和宾语。如He asked who could answer these questions. Could you tell us what time the plane leaves?
4. Perhaps, maybe, probably: perhaps表示“可能,也许”,之意但不能肯定,它修饰整个句子。Maybe为副词,表示“或许,大概”之意,一般用于句子的开头,常用于口语。Probably有可能性较大的意味,可以位于句首,也可以位于谓语动词前,情态动词,助动词或be动词的后面。
5. both, either, neither: both表示“两者都”;either表示“两者中的任何一个”;neither表示“两者中任何一个都不”。1)作形容词时,neither,either修饰名词的单数形式,both则修饰名词的复数形式。2)作代词时,neither,either通常被视为单数,both用作复数。作代词时,both还可以作同位语,neither, either则不可以。3)neither…nor意思为“既不…也不…”;either…or意思为“或是….或是…”;both…and…意思为“双方都….;既….又…”三者均为并列连词。即连接两个相同的句子成分。当neither…nor, either…or连接句子的两个主语时,其后谓语动词通常和最邻近的主语在人称及数上保持一致。Both…and….连接句子的两个主语时,其后的谓语动词通常使用复数形式。
6. dress, have on, put on, wear: dress作及物动词用时,指“给某人穿衣服”,dress既可以表示动作,也可以表示状态。Dress表示替别人穿衣服时,接表示人的名词或代词作宾语。如,The mother dressed her son quickly and took him to the kindergarten. Dress表示自己穿衣服这个动作时,接反身代词作宾语,或者用作不及物动词。如,Lily is old enough to dress herself. Dress作不及物动词用,意思是“穿衣,穿礼服”。
◆ unit 12 You’re supposed to shake hands.
目标语言:Tell what you are supposed to do
重点句型:P95-2b&2c, P97-1&2b
要求背诵的是P98-3a
知识点:
1. be supposed to do sth.:be supposed是suppose一词的被动语态结构。后接动词不定式时,含义相当于should后接不定式。但should后面的不定式要省略不定式符号to,且属于主动语态形式,使用起来较严肃和正式;而be supposed to do sth的使用教随便,建议性强。否定式为be not supposed to do sth.,另外ought to do sth也是其一个同义表达的形式,但要注意表示过去时,ought后接完成式的不定式,使用时需要灵活掌握和运用。如You are not supposed to shake hands.= You shouldn’t shake hands.= You ought not (oughtn’t) to shake hands.你不应与之握手。
2. Unfamiliar的用法:为形容词,意思为“不熟悉的;没有见过或听过的”,其同义为strange,其反义词为familiar.1) be unfamiliar to…表示“不深知的;生疏的”如,That face is unfamiliar to me.那副面孔我很生疏。2)be unfamiliar with…表示“没听过,没听见,不熟悉的”如,I am unfamiliar with their music.我没听过他们的音乐。
3. used to do sth, be used to do sth, be/get used to sth./ doing sth.: 1) used to do sth意思是“过去常常做某事;过去曾经做某事”,表示过去发生的动作,其中的to do sth为不定式结构。如,I used to take piano lessons.我过去上钢琴课。2)be used to do sth意思为“被用来做某事”,其中的to do sth是不定式结构。如,Paper is used to make kites.纸用来做风筝。3)be/get used to 表示“习惯于”,如果get/be used to后面接动词时,则要使用动词-ing形式。如,She is used to living in the country.她习惯居住在农村。
4. most, mostly, the most:1)most可修饰动词,意思是“最,第一”如,That problem troubles him most.那个问题最使他头痛。Most常可作very 用,修饰kind, helpful, grateful, beautiful等表示主观感觉的形容词和副词。这时不表示比较,不能和the连用。如It’s most kind of you.你真好。Most作代词用,意思为“大多数的,最多的,最大的”。其反义词为fewest,least.2)mostly为副词,表示“大体上,大部分”等意思。如She is mostly out on Sunday.星期天她多半不在家。3)the most表示“最大数量,最大限度”。如,This is the most I can do.这是我力所能及的。
5.Except, besides,but都含有“除了,除…外”的意思。1)except意思为“除…外(不再有)”,其前常接all, any, every, no及其复合词等词。如I answer all the questions except the last one.除了最后一个问题灭有答上外,其余问题我都答上了。2)besides意思为“除…外(还有)”如,I have a few friends besides you. 除了你之外,我还有几个朋友。3)but后接名词,代词和原形动词,可以和except互换,但except后接副词,介词短语时,不能用but 来代替。如,Mary did nothing except/ but clean the dishes.玛丽只洗盘子。
6.point at, point to, point out: point意思为“指着,指向”,在用事物名词作主语时,一般和point to连用,在用人物名词作主语时,常用point at.如,Our teacher is pointing at the map on the wall.我们的老师在指着墙上的地图。The land of the clock points to six.时钟的针指向六。2)point at可以分开来理解,也就是point后直接跟名词或代词作宾语,at表示方向,point to没有这种用法。3)point out是“指出“的意思,属于“动副”结构的短语,虽可跟宾语,但若是代词,须放point和out之间。如,Can you point out the church in this picture?你能指出这张图画中的教堂吗?
◆unit 13 Rainy days make me sad.
目标语言:talk about how things affect you
重点句型: P102-1b&1c, P103-2b, P105-2a
要求背诵的是:P104-3a
知识点:
1. make的用法:1)make+名词/代词+形容词或形容词短语 如,The good news made us happy.这条好消息使我们很高兴。2)make+名词/代词+省略to的动词不定式 如,They made us laugh.他们让我们大笑起来。3)make+名词/代词+介词短语或名词短语 如,The boss made her his assistant.老板让她作自己的助理。4)make+名词或代词+过去分词短语 如,Can you make yourself understood in English?你能用英语把意思表达清楚吗?5)make it+时间 如,Let’s make it half past two.让我们把时间约定在2:30吧。
2. would rather, prefer: 1)prefer是一个行为动词,后接带to的不定式,表示一个具体的特定行为,意思为“更喜欢”。如,He preferred to have a part-time job.他宁愿找一份兼职工作。2)两者接不定式时,分别与than和rather than搭配,即prefer to do…rather than do…意思为“宁愿做…而不愿做….”,would rather do…than do…意思为“宁愿做…而不愿做…”.如,Liu Hulan preferred to die rather than surrender.= Liu Hulan would rather die than surrender.刘胡兰宁死不屈。3)prefer…to…相当于like…better than…意思为“喜欢….更胜过喜欢…..”。其后接名词,代词,动词-ing形式。如,I prefer tea to coffee.我喜欢喝茶胜过喜欢喝咖啡。4)prefer和 would rather后都可接从句,从句要用虚拟语气。Prefer后接从句时,用 should加动词原形的形式,should也可以省去,而would rather后接从句时,要用过去时态表示现在和将来,用过去完成时态表示过去。如 I would rather you came on Sunday.我倒希望你星期天来。I prefer that we(should)do it in another way.我更希望我们用另一种方式做这件事。
3. learn…from, learn of, learn…by: 1)learn…from后接表示人的名词,意思为“向…学习”;后接表示事物的名词,意思为“从…中学习”。如,We must learn from Comrade Lei Feng.我们一定要向雷锋同志学习。We have learnt a lot from your lecture.我们从你的报告中学到了很多东西。2)learn of后接表示人或事物的名词,意思为“听说,了解到”,相当于hear of。指间接地获得信息,有时可用介词about代替of,但learn about还有“学习有关方面知识”的意思。如,We were sorry to learn of his failure.听到他失败的消息我们非常遗憾。3)learn..by后接表示事物的名词或动词。接表示事物的名词时,意思为“从…学习”,可与learn from互换;接动词-ing形式时,意思为“通过…方式学习”。如You should learn a language by speaking it.你应当通过说的方式来学习一种语言。另外,learn …by heart是“熟记;背下来”的意思。如You should learn all the words by heart.你应当把所有的单词都背下来。
4. other, another, the other, others, the others: 1)other作前置定语时,修饰单数或复数名词。如I will come again some other days.我改日再来。2)another用于泛指三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”,其所修饰的名词前不加冠词。如I don’t want this one. Please give me another.我不想要这个,请给我另一个。3)the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”,是特指。如There are six people in the room.Four are girls, the other two are boys.房间里有六个人,四个是女孩,其余两个是男孩。4)others用作代词,泛指“其他人”或“其他事物”。如,Some are singing and dancing, some are drawing ,others are climbing the hill.一些人在唱歌,跳舞,一些人在画画,还有一些人在爬山。5)the others指整体中除去一部分后,剩余的全部。如 There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls. The others are boys.我们班有五十五名学生,三十人是女生,其余的是男生。
5. compare…to…意思“把…比作….”着重注意两者间的相似点。如,Young people are often compared to the sun at eight or nine in the morning.年轻人常被比作早晨八,九点钟的太阳。2)compare…with…意思为“拿….与…相比,把…与…相比较”,侧重指两者间的区别。如,Compare your composition with hers and you will see whose is better.如果把你的作文与她的加以比较的话,便知谁的较好了。
6. carry, bring, take , get, fetch: carry的意思是“携带,搬运,负担”,即把某人带在身边后把某物带在身上,指随身携带,并将它从一处带到另一处。携带的方式可以是提,扛,背,抱,抬等。Carry不说明带的方向。2)bring的意思是把某人或某物“带来,拿来”,强调方向,即从别处拿到说话人这儿来,而不强调带的方式,其后可跟双宾语。3)take的意思是把某人或某物“带走,拿走”,即说话人这儿带到别处去。4)get和fetch的意思相近,表示到某处去把某人找到并带来,或把某物找到并取来。Get常用于口语中。
◆ Unit 14 Have you packed yet?
目标语言:talk about recent events
重点句型:P111-2a&2b,P114-4
要求背诵的是P112-3a
知识点:
1. 现在完成时的构成:have/has+动词的过去分词
2. 现在完成时的肯定句:
主语(第一,二人称单复数,第三人称复数)+have
主语(第三人称单数)+has +动词过去分词
3. 现在完成时的否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词
4. 现在完成时的疑问句及回答:Have/Has +主语+过去分词?
5. 现在完成时的用法:1)表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的结果和影响,可以细分为下列两种情况:a.表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束,常和just, now , already, yet等连用。如,I have finished my homework now.现在我已经做完作业了。b.表示过去动作的结果现在仍残留着,一般不和时间状语连用。如I have lost my pen.我把钢笔弄丢了。(说明过去某时丢的,现在还没有找到这支钢笔)。2)表继续(动作未结束)。如 I have lived here since 1989.我自从1989年就住在这。(表示现在仍住在这)【注意】表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,而且还继续下去的动作或状态。
6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:两种时态都表示过去发生的动作,但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的联系,对现在产生的结果,影响等,而一般过去时则只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系。表示过去固定时间状语只能与一般过去时连用,而不能与现在完成时连用。表示过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week, a week ago, on Friday, just now, in the evening, the other day。现在完成时的时间状语:since Monday, until now, for a long time, since I came here, since last week, up to now, lately, recently.
7. look for, find , find out, search: look for表示“寻找”,强调找的动作或过程。2)find表示“找到”,强调找的结果。3)find out表示“找出,查明”之意,指经过调查,观察,询问或研究等手段发现或找到。4)search是指对某一处所,人身进行搜查或指寻找想找的人或物,后面可以接介词for,但比look for语气更强些。
8. go on的其他用法:go on意思为“继续”时,有下列几种用法:1)go on doing sth.意思为“继续做某事”2)go on to do sth意思为“继续做(另一件事)3)go on with sth有时与go on doing互换使用,意思为“继续做某事”。
9. in the last/past +数字+名词表示“在过去的….时间里”,常用于现在完成时的句子中。
10. get back意思为“取回”;get back意思为“回来”,相当于return
11. yet, already:yet用于否定句和疑问句中。Already主要用于肯定句中,用于疑问句中时常表示惊讶。2) yet常放在句尾,也可以紧跟在not的后面,而already则常放在句中。
◆ Unit 15 We’re trying to save the manatees!
目标语言:Debate an issue
重点句型:P119-2a,P120-4
要求背诵的是P120-3a
知识点:
1. be proud of…, be proud to do sth, be the pride of…:1)be proud of表示“以…为自豪/骄傲”2)be proud to do sth表示“骄傲/自豪去做某事”3)be the pride of表示“是...的骄傲”
2. be suitable for适合的,恰当的
3. be made from, be made of:1) be made from指制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特性,原材料发生了本质的变化,在成品中已无法辨认。2)be made of意思为“由…构成,由…制成”,但be made of是指未经变化,仍可以看出原材料是什么,保持了原材料的质或形状。
4. 长,宽,高的表达法 :数字+量词+形容词。如20 metres wide二十米宽
5. Little, small, tiny: little是一般用语,与great和big相对;small含有“比较小”的意味,与large相对;tiny常和little通用,但little侧重指形体小的,常带有爱惜,赞赏,轻蔑等情感的意味;tiny表示非常小,带有较强的感情色彩;small是就实体而言,按平均大小对比,是“比较小的”,侧重度量,面积,数字等;little也表示“小”,往往指不可数的量。
6. Feed on吃…过日子; 用…喂养
7. Foot的用法:on foot 步行 foot by foot一步一步地 at the foot of在…脚下on one’s feet站立着 set foot in踏进 stand on one’s own feet自立
参考资料:网络文库
选我啊,亲╭(╯3╰)╮
E. 初三英语知识点有哪些
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九年级英语知识点汇总
Unit1
1. by + doing 通过……方式如:by studying with a
group
by还可以表示:“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用、”
“经过”、“乘车”等
如:I live by the
river. I have to go back by ten o’clock.
The thief entered the room by the window.
The student went to park by bus.
2. talk about 谈论,议论,讨论如:The
students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。
talk to sb. === talk with sb.与某人说话
3. 提建议的句子:
①What/ how about +doingsth.?
如:What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don’t you +do sth.? 如:Why don’t you go shopping?
③Why not + dosth. ? 如:Why
not go
shopping?
④Let’s + dosth. 如:
Let’s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + dosth.? 如:Shall we/ I go shopping?
4. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如:I eat a lot.
我吃了许多。
5. too…to太…而不能 常用的句型too+adj./adv. + to do sth.
如:I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了,什么都不想说。
6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法
三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,
常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级
形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.
他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak,
talk,
laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:
She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。
③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往
含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如:
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。
7. not …at all 一点也不 根本不 如:
I like
milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all.
我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。
not经常可以和助动词结合在一起,at all则放在句尾
8.
be /
get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about
doing sth.
=== be excited to do sth.对…感兴奋 如:
I am / get excited about
going to Beijing.===
I am excited to goto Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。
9. ① end up doing
sth 终止做某事,结束做某事 如:
The partyended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。
② end up with
sth. 以…结束 如:
The partyended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
10. first of all首先
. to
begin with 一开始
later on 后来、随
11. also也、而且(用于肯定句)常在句子的中间
either 也(用于否定句)常在句末
too 也
(用于肯定句) 常在句末
12. make mistakes 犯错 如:I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
make a mistake 犯一个错误 如: I have made a mistake.
我已经犯了一个错误。
13. laugh at sb. 笑话;取笑(某人) 如:Don’t laugh at
me!
不要取笑我!
14. take notes 做笔记,做记录
15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如:
She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。
enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如:He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。
16. native speaker 说本族语的人
17. make up 组成、构成
18. one of +(the+形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 …其中之一
如: She is
one of the most popular teachers.
她是最受欢迎的教师之一。
19. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do
sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…
如:It’s difficult (for me )
to study English.
对于我来说学习英语太难了。
句中的it 是形式主语,真正的主语是to study English
20. practice doing 练习做某事 如:
She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。
21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如:
LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
22. unless 假如不,除非 引导条件状语从句
如:You will fail unless you work
hard..假如你不努力你会失败。
I won’t write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写
23. deal with 处理 如:I dealt with a lot of
problem.
24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事
如:Mother worried about his
son just now.
妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。
25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如:
I was
angry with her. 我对她生气。
26. perhaps === maybe 也许
27. go by (时间) 过去 如: Two years went by. 两年过去了。
28. see sb. / sth. doing看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生
see sb. / sth.
do 看见某人在做某事 如:
如: She saw himdrawing a picture in the classroom.
她看见他正在教室里画画。
29. each other 彼此
30. regard… as …把…看作为…. 如:
The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
31. too
many许多修饰可数名词如:too many girls
too much许多修饰不可数名词 如:too muchmilk
much
too太修饰形容词 如:much too beautiful
32.change…into…将…变为…
如:The magician changed the pen into a book.
这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。
33. with the help of sb. == with one’s help在某人的帮助下
如:with the help of LiLei ==
with LiLei’s help
在李雷的帮助下
34. compare … to
…把…与…相比
如:Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.
你和安娜相比,你是幸运的。
35. instead代替用在句末,副词(字面上常不译出来)
instead of sth. / doing sth.代替,而不是 用在句中,动词
如:Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I’m going to
Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。
I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。
He stayed at home instead of going swimming.
他呆在家里而不是去游泳。
F. 九年级英语知识点有哪些
1.连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。
2.常见的连词:
and(和,与;而且;于是,然后;因此)。
but(但是;通常用not...but...不是…而是;可是,然而;表示惊讶,不同意等--喔,哇;用来加强语句重复部分的语气一定;用来引入新话题那就;常用于否定句而不,若不;用于含doubt,question等字的否定句中相当于that--对于)。
or(或者,还是;用于否定句或问句也不;否则,要不然;也就是说,换言之)。
nor(用在neither之后也不;用在no,not,never之后--也不;用在句首,句子需倒装也不)。
so(因此,所以;因而,从而)。
yet(可是,却,然而)。
for(因为,由于)。
both…and(既又;不但而且)。
not only…but also(不但,而且)。
either…or(不是就是;要么要么)。
neither…nor(既不也不)。
3.并列连词:
①and与or;②both…and两者都;③not only…but ...as well as=not only...but also不但…而且;④neither…nor意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则,与nor后的词保持一致。
4.转折或对比连词:
①but表示转折,while表示对比。②not…but…意思为"不是……而是……"。
G. 九年级英语基本语法知识
呵呵 希望对你有所帮助 祝楼主进步哈
By是个很常用的介词(有时也用作副词),在初中英语中的用法有以下几种: 1.意为“在……旁”、“靠近”。如: Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大树下唱歌跳舞,有的在湖边画画儿。 2.意为“不迟于”、“到……时为止”。如: Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲? 3.表示方法、手段,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。如: The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。 The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父亲是那么的感激,于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。 4.表示“逐个”、“逐批”的意思。如: One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。5.表示“根据”、“按照”的意思。如:What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了? 6.和take , hold等动词连用,说明接触身体的某一部分。如: I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用于被动句中,表示行为主体,常译作“被”、“由”等。如: English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人所说。(即“许多人讲英语。”) 8.组成其它短语。 1) by the way : 意为“顺便说”、“顺便问一下”,常做插入语。如: By the way , where’s Li Ping , do you know?
顺便问一下,李平在哪儿。你知道吗? 2) by oneself : 意为“单独”、“自行”。如: I can’t leave her by herself. 我不能把她单独留下。 3) by and by : 意为“不久以后”、“不一会儿”。如: But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以后,越来越多的人开始学英语了。
二、动名词的构成动词后加动名词doing,相当于名词,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。1)★作主语(这种用法常考)
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。2)作宾语Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗?3)作表语Babysister’s job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服,作饭和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法:(1)肯定句:used这个词没有人称的变化,to后面接动词原形。 否定句是didn’t use to….
When I was a child, I didn’t use to like apples.当我还是孩子的时候我不喜欢苹果.
疑问形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?当你来这儿之前你住哪儿?
(2)含有used to 的句子的反意疑问句不要usedn’t + 主语,而用didn’t + 主语。He used to smoke, didn’t he? 他过去常常吸烟,是吗?Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t. 是的,他吸。/ 不,他不吸。
(3)used to 表示过去的习惯动作, 而不是现在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已经习惯于这里的天气了。He is used to hard work. 他习惯于艰苦的工作。
(4)used to 可以和be, have 以及其他状态动词连用,描写过去的状态。 I used to be a waiter, but now I’m a taxi-driver.我过去是一个服务员,但现在我是出租车司机。
★ 本单元的许多运用used to 的句子属于描述过去的状态。Mario used to be short. 马力奥过去总是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing. 爱米过去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜过去有一头直的长头发。He used to wear black shoes. 他过去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本单元重点讲到了被动语态的用法 英语动词的被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be有时态,人称和数的变化,其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。
一、被动语态的句式变化:
Unit4
虚拟语气:如果我们所说的不是事实,也不是要求、命令、劝告等,而只是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想就用虚拟语气
注意:条件句分两种,真实条件句和虚拟条件句。只有在虚拟(非真实)条件句中,才用虚拟语气,而在真实条件句中,要用陈述语气。
请比较:
(1)If it is sunny tomorrow , we’ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天气好,我们将会去公园。在这句话中,明天天气好是完全有可能实现的,并非虚拟、幻想,因此是真实条件句。在本句中,适用“主将从现。”
(2)If I were you , I would go at once.
(如果我是你的话,我立刻就走。)在这句话中,条件句,“如果我是你”,但事实上,我不可能成为你,这只是假设的情况,没有实现的可能。当条件实现的可能性很小,甚至可以说没有时,就需要用虚拟语气来表示,动词发生了变化。
也就是说虚拟语气表示和现实的事实相反时,从句用一般过时。
主句用 “should/would/could/ might +动词原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知识点2. He doesn’t know if he should bring a present.
此处if表示“是否”,引导宾语从句。Should此处表示“应该”。不是虚拟语气。
E.g.1. I don’t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知识点3.If I were you , I’d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引导的条件状语从句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时,be动词只能用were,而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知识点4. I don’t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… “如果……怎么办?”相当于 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知识点5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻烦事 ,名词
常用搭配 :get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what’s the trouble
定语从句
1. who 指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
↓
The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new. She is wearing it.
↓
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
↓
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
↓
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时,有如下要点:
1 由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用,又在从句中充当一个成分,因此, 要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能,如作主语还是宾语等。
2 当先行词指人时,关系代词可用who(做主语,宾语),that(做主语,宾语),whom(作宾语),whose(作定语)
3 当先行词指物时,关系代词可用that(做主语,宾语),which(做主语,宾语)
4 再定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词长可省略,但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时,介词后只用whom,指物时,介词后只用which。
5 在非限制性定语从句中,指人时,只用who,指物时,只用which。Unit8
1、短语动词小结
常见短语动词结构有下面几种:
1.动词+副词 如:give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词,如果其宾语是代词,就必须放在动词和副词之间,如果是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间,也可放 在短语动词后。
2. 动词+介词 如:listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于
这种结构相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语。
3. 动词+副词+介词 如:come up with 提出,想出 run out of 用完,耗尽
4. 动词+名词(介词) 如:take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒装句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分
(1)引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要
把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如:
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时,谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如:
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。
常见的就近原则的结构有:
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be
Unit 9 When was it invented ?
被动语态
被动语态基本用法:当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成,时态通过be表现出来。
被动语态基本结构:be+及物动词的过去分词 (如果是不用物动词,其过去分词应带有相应的介词)
各种时态的被动语态构成
一般现在时:S(主语)+am/is /are +P.P(动词的过去分词)
一般过去时:S+was/were +P.P.
情态动词:S+ can/may/must/should + be+ P.P.
一般将来时:S+ will+be+ P.P.
现在进行时:S+am/is /are+being +P.P
现在完成时:S+ have/has + been+ P.P.
过去进行时:S+ was/were+being+ P.P.
被动语态基本结构:be+及物动词的过去分词
(如果是不用物动词,其过去分词应带有相应的介词)
被动语态中的be 是助动词,有人称、数和时态的变化。
被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语,放在句末,by 表示“由,被”的意思
汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如:
It is believed that …… 人们认为 …… It is said that …… 据说 ……
It is thought that …… 人们认为 …… It is known that …… 众所周知 ……
It is reported that ……据报道 …… It is proved that ……据证明 ……
It is announced that ……据宣布 …… It is suggested that ……据建议 ……
It is requested that ……据要求 …… It is demanded that ……据要求 ……
典型例题
1、 These eggs ______ in the Gobi Desert by a group of scientists.
A. are founded B. were founded C. found D. were found
此题应该选用D项。从“ These eggs… ”中可知前面的主语是“find”动词的承受者,而 “…by a group of scientists.”更加证明了这一点,“ were founded”意思为“被成立”,故应该选用“were found”。
2、 I _____ a present by my father on my birthday every year.
A. give B. was given C. will be given D. am given
此题应该选用D项。从“by my father ”中可知前面的主语是“give”动词的承受者,而 “… . every year”证明了要用现在时态的被动语态结构,故应该选用“am given”。
3、 He was _________ in the open air just now .
A. hearing singing B. heard sing C. heard to sing D. hearing sing
此题应该选用C项。从“He was… ”中可知前面的主语是“hear ”动词的承受者,而 动词不定式当中的“hear sb do sth”在被动语态中要加“to ”,故应该选用“heard to sing”。
4、 Several man-made satellites ________ by China in the last few years.
A. have been sent up B. have sent up C. are sent up D. were sent up
此题应该选用A项。从“…by China in the last few years. ”中可知前面的主语是“ send up”动词的承受者,而 “in the last few years.”意思为“在过去的几年中”,应该用完成时态, 而不是过去时态,故应该选用“have been sent up”。
5、 Another new road ______in our home town next year.
A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. has been built
此题应该选用C项。从“…next year. ”中可知是将来时态,而前面的主语是“ Another new road”是“ build”动词的承受者,故应该选用“ will be built”。
Unit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left
1. 过去完成时
(1) 构成:由助动词had + 过去分词 构成
否定式:had not + 过去分词 缩写形式:hadn’t
(2) 用法
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了
的动作。
(3) 它所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。
①表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语来表示
②也可以用when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句来表示
③还可以通过宾语从句或通过上下文暗示。
When I got there, you had already eaten you meal.
当我到达那里时,你已经开始吃了。
By the time he got here, the bus had left.
到他到达这里时,汽车已经离开了
典型题例
1、He said he had never seen that film before. Instead,he_____many novels.
A. has read B. had readed C. had wrote D. had read
此题应该选用D项。从“He said he had never seen that film before ”中
可知是过去完成时态,而从“ Instead,”中可以知道与前面的宾语从句是并列的内容,故应该选用“had read”。
2、The train ______ for a while when they got to the station.
A. had left B. had been away C. had gone D. has been away
此题应该选用B项。从“for a while ”中可知要用完成时态的持续性动
词连接,而从“when they got to the station. ”中可以知道过去时间点以前的事情,应该用故应该选用“had been away ”。
3、A week later, I received a book that I _____ on line.
A. has ordered B. had ordered C. would order D. was ordering
此题应该选用B项。从“I received a book ”中可知与动词“order ”的
前后关系,应该是在“收到书以前已经预订了”,故应该用“order”的过去完成时态结构表示“过去的过去”这一概念。故应该选用“had ordered”。
4、The boy told his mother that he ____ ill since he came back from the school.
A. has been B. would be C. had been D. was
此题应该选用C项。从“ …since he came back from the school.”中可知前面的主句是完成时态,但是从“The boy told his mother ”结构中可以知道应该用相应的过去时态,,故应该选用“had been”。
5、When we got to the field, the football match ____ already ______.
A. has started B. had started C. will begin D. is going to start
此题应该选用B项。从“already ”中可知是完成时态,但是从“ When we got to the field”结构中可以知道应该用相应的过去时态,故应该选用“had started ”。
Unit 11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are ?
1、宾语从句
A.宾语从句:宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导宾语从句的关联词有that, if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how等。
1、连接词
1)由连接词that引导陈述句,在口语中that常省略。
eg. He said that he would like to see the headmaster.
2)由连接词whether/if引导一般疑问句,whether和if 常可互换,但下列场合一般用whether.
①介词后的宾语从句:I'm thinking of whether he'll come.
②与or not连用:I don't know whether I should go or not.
3)由连接代词what, who(whom,whose)which或连接副词when, where, why,how引导特殊疑问句。 eg. Do you know who/whom she is waiting for?
2、语序:
不管宾语从句是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句,都要用陈述句语序,也就是说主谓次序不能颠倒。连接词+主谓结构
(1).Bill wanted to know who did this. (2).I don't know what's the matter with Bob?
(3).I don't know what's wrong with them?
3、时态:
一般说来,主从句时态要统一。如果主句是一般现在时,从句可根据需要用其它任何时态;如果主句是一般过去时,从句应该用相应的过去时态范畴(也就是用一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。
eg.①Lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag. ②I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting. ③Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo?
如果从句表明的是一个客观事实或真理,那么无论主句是什么时态,从句都只能用一般现在时。 eg. The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.
注意:在think后的宾语从句,如果需要表示否定意义,一般不在宾语从句中否定,而是在主句中否定。 eg. I don’t think that English is easy. I think that English is not easy. ( 误)
Could you tell me how to get to the park?
请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗?中的how to get to the park
是疑问词与动词不定式连用,用作宾语,但不是宾语从句,可是
相当于how I can get to the park(宾语从句)如:
I don’t know how to solve the problem. ==
I don’t know how I can solve the problem.我不知道如何解决这个问题
Can you tell me when to leave? ==
Can you tell me when I ill leave? 你能告诉我什么时候离开?
Unit12 You are supposed to shake hands.
should have asked”是“情态动词+现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某事,事实上没有做
I find it difficult to remember everything.
形式宾语 真正宾语
常见的形式宾语有:
find / think + it/them +形容词 to do sth. 如:
I think it hard to study English.
Unit 13 Rainy days make me sad.
make sb./sth. + adj. 使某人(感到),使……处于某种状态
(make的宾语之后可跟名词,形容词,分词来充当宾语的补足语)
make sb. / sth. + do …使某人做某事(不能带不定式符号to)
make it 习惯用语,及时赶到,到达目的地
make of /from./out of
★Make of 原材料制成成品后,原材料未经任何化学变化,仍保持原有性质. 例如: The chair is made of wood. At first people believed that air was made of only one gas.★Make from 当原材料制成成品后,经过了化学变化,失去了原有性质.
make up of 常用于被动结构:be made up of相当于consist of(由…组成) make up from 由…所制造
Unit 14 Have you packed yet?
现在完成时是由“助动词have(has)+动词过去分词”构成。
用法: 1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些时间状语,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice等连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如these days, today, this year, so far等连用.eg.I have already posted the letter. (信已经不在我这儿了)
★注意:在这里要注意already和yet的辨析:
★①already通常用于肯定句。 I have already told him.我已经告诉他了. I have already put it in my suitcase. 我已经把它放进我的手提箱了.
★②yet常用于疑问句和否定句。 ----Have you watered the tree yet? 你浇树了吗? ----Yes,I have already watered it. 我浇了. ----Have you fed the dog? 你喂过狗了吗? ----No. I haven’t fed it yet.没有,我没喂. 2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用,即for +时间段,since+时间点/从句, in the last ten years等,谓语只可用延续性动词.
解析: 1.英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中.
eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( √ ).
I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √ ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( √ )
2.初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法:
⑴.将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.
eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.
⑵.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词
★常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下:
come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at open-----be open
die------be dead close----be closed become---be borrow---keep begin/start-----be on put on----wear leave-----be away (from)
buy-----have fall asleep----be asleep end/finish-----be over
catch a cold-----have a cold join the army----be in the army be a soldier
join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member
→My brother has been in the army for two years. →My brother has been a soldier for two years.
3.现在完成时中been to, gone to和been in/at been to去过某地,表示某人的一种经历,可以和once, twice, already, ever, never等连用.
4.现在完成时中的 for 与 since
for + 时间段 与延续性动词的现在完成时连用 since + 时间点/从句
I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago. 5. It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了. eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 注意:1.since 引导的从句中动词用过去时
2.when 引导 的特殊问句不与现在完成时连用.
3.have got,has got 虽然是现在完成时,但have got=have has got==has
H. 九年级英语知识点是什么
九年级英语知识点有:
1、主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
2、被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在几种常见时态中的构成。
3、含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
4、在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
5、that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。
I. 九年级新目标英语短语和重要句型归纳
新目标九年级英语知识点汇总
九年级英语Unit1
1. by + doing 通过……方式 如:by studying with a group
by 还可以表示:“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用、”
“经过”、“乘车”等
如:I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o’clock.
The thief entered the room by the window.
The student went to park by bus.
2. talk about 谈论,议论,讨论 如:The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。
talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话
3. 提建议的句子:
①What/ how about +doing sth.?
如:What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如:Why don’t you go shopping?
③Why not + do sth. ? 如:Why not go shopping?
④Let’s + do sth. 如: Let’s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如:Shall we/ I go shopping?
4. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如:I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。
5. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth.
如:I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了,什么都不想说。
6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法
三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,
常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级
形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.
他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk,
laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:
She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。
③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往
含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如:
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。
7. not …at all 一点也不 根本不 如:
I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。
not经常可以和助动词结合在一起,at all 则放在句尾
8. be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth.
=== be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋 如:
I am / get excited about going to Beijing.===
I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。
9. ① end up doing sth 终止做某事,结束做某事 如:
The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。
② end up with sth. 以…结束 如:
The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
10. first of all 首先
. to begin with 一开始
later on 后来、随
11. also 也、而且(用于肯定句)常在句子的中间
either 也(用于否定句)常在句末
too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末
12. make mistakes 犯错 如:I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
make a mistake 犯一个错误 如: I have made a mistake.
我已经犯了一个错误。
13. laugh at sb. 笑话;取笑(某人) 如:Don’t laugh at me!
不要取笑我!
14. take notes 做笔记,做记录
15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如:
She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。
enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如:He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。
16. native speaker 说本族语的人
17. make up 组成、构成
18. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 …其中之一
如: She is one of the most popular teachers.
她是最受欢迎的教师之一。
19. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…
如:It’s difficult (for me ) to study English.
对于我来说学习英语太难了。
句中的it 是形式主语,真正的主语是to study English
20. practice doing 练习做某事 如:
She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。
21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如:
LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
22. unless 假如不,除非 引导条件状语从句
如:You will fail unless you work hard..假如你不努力你会失败。
I won’t write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写
23. deal with 处理 如:I dealt with a lot of problem.
24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事
如:Mother worried about his son just now.
妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。
25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如:
I was angry with her. 我对她生气。
26. perhaps === maybe 也许
27. go by (时间) 过去 如: Two years went by. 两年过去了。
28. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生
see sb. / sth. do 看见某人在做某事 如:
如: She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.
她看见他正在教室里画画。
29. each other 彼此
30. regard… as … 把…看作为…. 如:
The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
31. too many 许多 修饰可数名词 如:too many girls
too much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如:too much milk
much too 太 修饰形容词 如:much too beautiful
32. change… into… 将…变为…
如:The magician changed the pen into a book.
这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。
33. with the help of sb. == with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
如:with the help of LiLei == with LiLei’s help
在李雷的帮助下
34. compare … to … 把…与…相比
如:Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.
你和安娜相比,你是幸运的。
35. instead 代替 用在句末,副词(字面上常不译出来)
instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替,而不是 用在句中,动词
如:Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I’m going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。
I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。
He stayed at home instead of going swimming.
他呆在家里而不是去游泳.
英语Unit2
1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
否定形式: didn’t use to do sth. / used not to do sth.
如:He used to play football after school. 放学后他过去常常踢足球。
Did he use to play football? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
He didn’t use to smoke. 他过去不吸烟。
2. 反意疑问句
①肯定
+否定提问 如:Lily is a student, isn’t she?
Lily will go to China, won’t she?
②否定
+肯定提问 如:
She doesn’t come from China, does she?
You haven’t finished homework, have you?
③提问部分用代词而不用名词 Lily is a student, isn’t she?
④
中含有否定意义的词,如:little, few, never, nothing, hardly等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。 如:
He knows little English, does he? 他一点也不懂英语,不是吗?
They hardly understood it, did they?他们几乎不明白,不是吗?
3. play the piano 弹钢琴
4. ①be interested in sth. 对…感兴趣
②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣
如:He is interested in math, but he isn’t interested in speaking
English. 他对数学感兴趣,但是他对说英语不感兴趣。
5. interested adj. 感兴趣的,指人对某事物感兴趣,往往主语是人
interesting adj.有趣的,指某事物/某人具有趣味,主语往往是物
6. still 仍然,还
用在be 动词的后面 如:I’m still a student.
用在
的前面 如:I still love him.
7. the dark 天黑,晚上,黑暗
8. 害怕… be terrified of sth. 如:I am terrified of the dog.
be terrified of doing sth. 如:I am terrified of speaking.
9. on 副词,表示(电灯、电视、机械等)在运转中/打开,
其反义词off. with the light on 灯开着
10. walk to somewhere 步行到某处 walk to school 步行到学校
11. spend 动词,表示“花费金钱、时间”
①spend…on sth. 在某事上花费(金钱、时间)
②spend…doing sth. 花费(金钱、时间)去做某事 如:
He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着
He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。
Pay for 花费
如:I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。
12. take 动词 有“花费”的意思 常用的结构有:
take sb. … to do sth. 如:It takes me a day to read the book.
take … to do sth.
13. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊 如:I like to chat with him. 我喜欢和他聊天。
14. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事 worry 是动词
be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 worried 是形容词
如:Don’t worry about him. 不用担心他。
Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。
15. all the time 一直、始终
16. take sb. to + 地方 送/带某人去某个地方 如:
A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。
Lui took me home. 刘把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)
17. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有
hardly ever 很少
hardly 修饰动词时,通常放在助动词、
之后,实义
动词之前 助动词/
+hardly
hardly + 实义动词 如:
I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。
I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。
18. miss v. 思念、想念、 错过
19. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内 常与完成时连用 如:
I have lived in China in the last few years. 在过去的几年内我在中国住。
20. be different from 与…不同
21. how to swim 怎样游泳
不定式与疑问词连用:
可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用,构成不定工短语。如:
The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。
I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。
22. make sb./ sth. + 形容词 make you happy
make sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh
23. move to +地方 搬到某地 如:I moved to Beijing last year.
24. it seems that +从句 看起来好像…… 如:
It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。
25. help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事
help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事
She helped me with English. 她帮助我学英语。
She helped me (to) study English。 她帮助我学习英语。
26. fifteen-year-old 作形容词 15岁的
fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15岁的人
fifteen years old 指年龄 15岁 如:
a fifteen-year-old boy 一个15岁的男孩
Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。
I am fifteen years old . 我是15岁。
27.支付不起… can’t /couldn’t afford to do sth.
can’t / couldn’t afford sth.
如:I can’t/couldn’t afford to buy the car.
I can’t/couldn’t afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。
28. as + 形容词./副词+as sb. could/can 尽某人的…能力 如:
Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。
29. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦
30. in the end 最后
31. make a decision 下决定 下决心
32. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶 如:
to their surprise 令他们惊讶 to LiLei’s surprise令李雷惊讶
33. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪 如:
His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪
34. pay attention to sth. 对…注意,留心 如:
You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。
35. be able to do sth. 能做某事 如:She is able to do it. 她能够做到。
36. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 如:
My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。
37.不再 ①no more == no longer 如: I play tennis no more/ longer.我不再打网球。
②not …any more == not …any longer 如:
I don’t play tennis any more/longer. 我不再打网球。
38. go to sleep 入睡Unit 11
的不定式:
1. The ground must be just right - neither too wet nor too dry. it's best to plant trees in spring because it's warmer.
2. Make sure that it is straight.
3. Put the tree in the hole next to the stick so that it is straight.
4. Tie the tree to the top of the stick to keep it straight.
5. Forests help to keep water from running away, so drought does not often happen.
Lesson 42 的第一段。
Unit 12 是总复习单元
Unit 13 过去将来时 数词的读法
1. What is the population of France?
2. increase by
3. the increasing population
4. By the year 2010, it may be seven billion.
5. How much does it cost?
6. prefer to ... rather than ...
Unit 14 过去完成时
Unit 15 动词不定式