⑴ 九年级英语课件
课件实质是一种软件,是在一定的学习理论指导下,根据教学目标设计的、反映某种教学策略和教学内容的计算机软件。下面是我精心整理的九年级英语课件,欢迎阅读,希望大家能够喜欢。
九年级英语课件 篇1
教学目标:
1.语言知识
(1)能听懂、会说、认读和书写下列词汇:cloudy, sunny, windy,warm, cool, how, weather。
(2) 能听懂、会说、理解并运用句型:How’s the weather today ? It’s ______.
(3)能理解字母组合ir, ur, er, or在单词中的发音及规则。
2.语言技能
(1)在具体的情境中,运用所学新词,描绘不同的天气情况。
(2)运用新句型和同伴交流和描述天气情况。
3.情感态度
感知大自然美丽的四季和千变万化的天气,了解相关知识,保护自然环境。
4.学习策略
(1)了解名词结尾加y构成形容词的构词方法。
(2)在小组学习中,培养自主、探究的学习策略。
(3)运用本课所学的语音规律,尝试拼读新单词。
5.文化意识
了解不同的地区有不同的天气变化。
教学重点:
1.能听懂、会说、认读和书写下列词汇:cloudy, sunny, windy,warm, cool, how, weather
2.能听懂、会说、理解并运用句型:How’s the weather today ? It’s ______.
教学难点:
在具体的情境中,运用本课描述天气情况的单词及句型谈论生活中的天气情况。
教学方法:
为了更好地实现教学目标,有效地突出重点、突破难点,我在教学中采取了合作式的教学方法。利用网络查找学习资料,充分调动学生学习的积极性、主动性和创造性,极大地激发他们学习英语的兴趣,让学生在实际交际运用中,主动地获取知识、发展能力,从而提高学生的听、说、读、写水平和自主学习意识。
教学过程:
1.课堂导入
通过小小预报员引出“天气”话题 教学伊始,点击网站上的小小预报员栏目,然后提出问题:“Do you want to be a reporter? Can you talk about the weather in English? ” 给学生设置任务“用英语谈论天气”,进而引出本课的语言主题“天气”。
2.学习新知
(1)复习snow,wind,rain,cloud,sun
首先利用网站中“单词袋袋裤”中的“温故”栏目出示天气图片,学生看图片猜单词,从而复习snow, wind ,sun ,cloud ,rain这几个单词,同时板书单词。
【设计意图:学生复习snow,wind,rain,cloud,sun几个名词,引出cloudy,rainy,snowy,sunny,windy的学习,并为对比名词和形容词做准备。】
整合点:运用网站展示图片使教学内容更直观、更形象,从而帮助学生更好的掌握有关天气的单词。
(2)学习新知snowy,windy,rainy,cloudy,sunny
T: Please look out of the window. The sun comes out. The weather is sunny. It’s warm.板书sunny,和sun对比。
学生小组讨论在snow,wind,rain,cloud的后面做怎样的变化形成本课所要学习的形容词。此时充分调动学生的学习主动性,小组派代表汇报结果,同时板书单词,之后通过网站中“单词袋袋裤”的“知新”栏目查找这些单词的汉意,教师指导学生进行单词的朗读。
【设计意图:学生通过比较,初步了解本课中的天气词汇与上一课学习的名词的联系。】
(3)通过网站自学第一部分
点击网站的“看图识天气”栏目播放课文第一部分的flash课件,学生结合具体情境进行一对一的跟读模仿。
【设计意图:通过一对一的跟读模仿,培养学生自主学习的能力。】
整合点:通过网站播放学习内容,将静态的文字转化成动态的情境,刺激学生的.多种感官,有利于学生更好的模仿和实践。
(4)填一填
通过“填一填”栏目,复习本课形容天气的词汇,学生输入答案,回答正确与否会有相应的提示音。
【设计意图:通过操练,培养学生正确运用天气词汇。】
(5)学习句型How’s the weather today? It’s _______.
学生先整体感知,自主学习网站上的视频对话,进行一点一说的学习,跟读对话。然后结合实际情况教师提问:“How’s the weather today?” “How’s the weather in (月份)?”师生对话、生生对话,充分练习此句型。
【设计意图:学生学会使用How’s the weather today? It’s ______.句式问答天气。】
整合点:学生通过网站的视频资源自主学习,充分发挥了学生的自主能动性。
3.巩固操练
(1)点击“智力大冲浪”栏目,出现相应的日期和天气情况,生生操练句型“What day is it?” “How’s the weather today?”
(2)然后点击网站中的“天气转转转”栏目,转出相应的城市天气,师生对话、生生对话,讨论此城市的天气状况。
【设计意图:在轻松愉快的气氛中,学生巩固运用本课描述天气的词汇和句型,做到学以致用,语言输出。】
整合点:利用网站,学生自己亲自操作电脑,师生对话和生生对话,使英语课堂变得丰富多彩,增加趣味性。
(3)找规律,学习字母组合ir, ur, er, or在单词中的发音
将这些不同字母组合的单词打乱顺序,学生将这些单词分类,然后指导学生读一读,找到规律后,尝试读新的单词。
【设计意图:通过找规律、总结,学生掌握字母组合在单词中的发音。】
整合点:学生在电脑上通过拖动完成单词分类,实现了人机互动,激发了学生的学习兴趣和参与热情。
4.自我展示
这节课我们学习了五个描述天气的形容词,但是在实际的生活中,天气情况远不止这些,学生通过网站拓展栏目查找foggy等更多描述天气的词汇,然后通过中国天气网,观察图片,选择某一城市结合之前学过的句型What day is it? What do you wear? 及本课新句型创编对话。
5.结束课堂
Homework:选一个季节,和同学或父母谈论这个季节的天气情况。
九年级英语课件 篇2
一、教学目标:
1. 语言知识目标:
1) 能掌握以下单词: chopsticks, coin, fork, blouse, silver, glass, cotton, steel, grass, leaf, proce, widely, be known for, process, pack
能掌握以下句型:
① —This ring looks nice. Is it made of silver?
—Yes, and it was made in Thailand.
② What is it made of/from?
③ China is famous for tea, right?
④ Where is tea proced in China?
2) 能够用英语描述及询问物品的制作材料,正确理解被动语态的用法及句子结构。
2. 情感态度价值观目标:
了解一些日常用品的制成材料,增加生活常识,养成良好的生活习惯;了解一些地方知名产品或传统艺术品的制作过程以及制作材料,培养学生的民族自豪感及爱国主义精神。
二、教学重难点
1. 教学重点:
1) 掌握本课时中出现的生词
2) 能够用英语描述及询问物品的制作材料
3)正确理解被动语态的用法及句子结构。
2. 教学难点:
理解被动语态的用法及句子结构。
三、教学过程
Ⅰ. Lead in
1. 播放动画片《造纸过程》的视频,让学生们了解这个中国传统发明的情况。
T: Who invented paper first?
S1: Can Lun invented it in Han dynasty.
T: What was paper made of then?
S2: It was mainly made of bamboo.
T: was it easy for people to make paper then?
S1: No, it was very difficult then.
T: What is paper made of now?
S3: It’s mainly made of wood, bamboo, and cotton.
…
Ⅱ. Presentation
1. Present the sentence structure, using the pictures on the big screen:
—What’s the golden medal made of?
—It’s made of gold.
—Is this table made of wood?
—No, it isn’t. It’s made of glass.
—Is Butter made from meat?
—No. It’s made from cream?
让学生们学习掌握be made of/from句型的用法,及be made of与be made from的区别。
两词组都是“由……制成的”之意。be made of 指从原料到制成品只发生了形状变化,没有发生本质变化(属物理变化)
be made from指从原料到制成品发生了质的变化,已无法复原(属化学变化)。
Ⅲ. Learning
1. Show some pictures on the big screen. Try to learn the new words using “be made of” structure.
Learn the new words: chopsticks, coin, fork, blouse, silver, glass, cotton, steel, grass, leaf
e.g. This pair of chopsticks are made of bamboo.
This coin is made of silver.
Is this blouse made of cotton?
No, it isn’t. It’s made of silk.
What’s the fork made of?
It’s made of steel.
These pigs like grass very much.
a piece of leaf
Kolas like leaves.
2. Ss discuss with their partner and try to learn the new words.
3. Give Ss five more minutes to remember the new words.
Work on 1a:
Let Ss read the things and materials in 1a. Discuss with their partners and match them with the materials. More than one answer is possible.
What are these things usually made of? Match them with the materials. More than one answer is possible.
1. chopsticks
2. window
3. coin
4. stamp
5. fork
6. blouse
a. wood
b. gold
c. silver
d. paper
e. silk
f. glass
Check the answers with the Ss.
Ⅳ. Listening
1. T: Tell Ss they will hear a conversation about some things and material. Listen and match the procts with what they are made of and where they were made.
Things Made of Made in
shirts cotton Korea
chopsticks silver Thailand
ring steel America
2. Let one student read the words in the box, Play the recording for the Ss to listen.
3. Ss try to listen and match the things with the material and here they were made.
4. Play the recording again. Let Ss check the facts they hear.
5. Check the answers
Ⅴ. Pair work
1. Read the conversation in the box in 1c.
2. Ss try to made conversations using the information in 1b.
e.g. A: Your new shirt looks very nice. Is it made of cotton?
B: No, it isn’t. It’s made of silk.
3. Let some pairs read out their conversations.
Ⅵ. Listening
Work on 2a:
T: Let’s listen to another conversation between Nick and Marcus.
1. What are they talking about? First, let’s look at the pictures and the phrases in 1a.
(Let one students read the phrases in 2a.)
Listen and check ( √ ) the main topic of Nick and Marcus’ conversation.
____ the science museum
____ the art and science fair
____ environmental protection
____ a model plane
____ a beautiful painting
____ grass and leaves
2. Play the recording for the Ss to listen and check the phrases.
3. Play the recording again to check the answers.
Work on 2b:
1. Let Ss read the sentences below. Explain some main sentences for the Ss. Make sure they know what to do.
2. Let Ss read the questions in 2b. Make sure they understand the meaning of each question.
Play the recording for the Ss to answer the questions. (If necessary, using the pause button.)
1) Where is the art and science fair?
_________________________
2) Do Nick and Marcus have to pay to go?
_________________________
3) What is the model plane made of?
_________________________
4) What is the painting made from?
__________________________
3. Play the recording again to check the answers.
4. Play the recording again. Let Ss fill in the blanks of the conversation.
Ⅶ. Pair work
1. Tell Ss to make a conversation using the information in 2a and 2b.
e.g.
A: What did you see at the art and science fair?
B: I saw a model plane.
A: What is it made of?
B: It’s made of steel, glass, and plastic.
2. Let Ss make their own conversations.
3. Practice their conversations in pairs.
Ⅷ. Role-play
1. Work on 2d
Read the conversation and complete the blanks.
1) Chinese _____________ tea both in the past and now.
2) _________ I know, tea plants _________ on the sides of mountains.
3) When the leaves are ready, they _______ by hand and then _______ for processing.
4) The tea ____________ and sent to many different countries and places around China.
5) People say that tea ___________ ____ health _____ business!
2. Read the conversations and Let Ss read after the teacher.
3. Explain some new words and main points in the conversation.
4. Ask Ss to role-play the conversation in groups.
X. Language points
1. What is the model plane made of?
What is the painting made from?
be made of与be made from 辨析
两词组都是“由……制成的”之意。be made of 指从原料到制成品只发生了形状变化,没有发生本质变化(属物理变化)
be made from指从原料到制成品发生了质的变化,已无法复原(属化学变化)。
e.g. Glass is made of glass. 玻璃杯是由玻璃制成的。
The paper is made from wood. 纸是木头做的。
2. For example, Anxi and Hangzhou are
widely known for their tea.
widely adv. 广泛地;普遍地
wide (形容词) + ly → widely (副词)
e.g. Gas is widely used for cooking and heating.
天然气被广泛地用于做饭和取暖。
3. Where is tea proced in China?
proce v. 生产;制造;出产
英语中有proce, grow和plant三个动词均可用来描述农作物及植物的“种植;
生产;生长”,但有所区别。
proce指农作物成产量化地“出产”,或自然地“生长出;长出;结出(果实)”。
e.g. This region proces over 50% of the country’s rice.
这个地区出产整个国家50%以上的大米。
These trees can proce very good apples.
这些树能结出优质的苹果。
grow表示“种植;使生长”,着重指种植以后的栽培、生长过程。
e.g. These plants grow from seeds. 这些植物从种子生长而来。
The villagers grow coffee and corn to sell in the market.
村民们种植咖啡和玉米好拿到市场上去卖。
plant侧重“栽种;播种”这一行为,指把种子或秧苗种到土壤里使之生长。
e.g. How many trees have you planted this year? 今年你们种了多少棵树?
They planted tomatoes and carrots in their backyard.
他们在后院栽种了西红柿和胡萝卜。
3. For example, Anxi and Hangzhou are widely known for their tea.
be known for 以……闻名;为人知晓
be known for = be famous for
e.g. Suzhou is known for its beautiful gardens.
苏州以其美丽的园林而闻名于世。
be known as和be known for
be known as意为“作为……而着名”。be known for意为“因……而着名”。
根据句意用be known as或be known for的适当形式填空。
1) Han Han ____________ his writings.
2) As we know, Yao Ming __________ a basketball player.
Homework
I. Recite the conversation in 2d after school.
II. Translation.
1. 这个戒指是银制的。
2. 这种纸是由树木制成的。
3. 油漆是由什么制成的。
4. 杭州因其茶叶而为人知。
5. 据我所知,茶树被种植于山坡上。
九年级英语课件 篇3
教学内容:
九年级英语书面表达专题复习
教学目标:
1.指导学生掌握书面表达语篇结构的组织技巧。
2.帮助学生学会使用常用的连接词、过渡词和过渡句,提高文章的连贯性。
3.培养学生在有限的时间内快速构思、罗列提纲的能力。
4. 指导学生小组合作评改学生习作。
教学重点:
1.帮助学生学会使用常用的连接词、过渡词和过渡句,提高文章的连贯性。
2. 培养学生在有限的时间内快速构思、罗列提纲及扩展成文的能力
教学难点:
1.帮助学生学会使用常用的连接词、过渡词和过渡句,提高文章的连贯性。
2. 培养学生在有限的时间内快速构思、罗列提纲及扩展成文的能力讨论法
教学方法:
自主学习,合作学习
教学辅助手段:
电脑(或实物投影仪)
学情分析:
1. 书面表达是写的一种途径,是英语交际的重要组成部分。初中阶段对于英语写作的要求,实际上是“有指导的写作”(Guided Writing)。它通过提供情景(文字、图画、表格),让学生用学过的英语语言来描述事物或事件并表达一定的思想,以此达成和检验对所学英语语言知识的实践应用能力。客观地说,书面表达一直是我们英语教学的一个难点,也是学生应试的一个难点。
从中考英语试卷的抽样调查情况来看,英语写作是得分最为薄弱的一个题项。究其原因,一是学生写作练习的时间少,二是教师平时缺乏对学生进行系统的写作知识的指导。(比如,如何用词、句、组段、谋篇等)。这些原因造成了学生从最初不会写盲目写到不愿写。惧怕写,直至最后拒绝写的恶性循环。
2. 学生分析 我校学生生源较差,学生英语学习两级分化严重,因此尽管经过3年的学习与训练,仍有相当一部分学生作文得分在6-7分之间甚至更低。书面表达中式英语较多,连贯性较差。很多学生对书面表达中快速构思和罗列提纲能力较差。本堂课希望通过指导、帮助提高学生学会使用常用的连接词、过渡词和过渡句,提高文章的连贯性,帮助学生在有限的时间内快速构思、罗列提纲能力。
课后反思:
本节课从提问学生写作中最大的困惑入手,引出本节课的主要教学目标,在写作中学会构思和使用连词。通过比较两篇学生的英语习作,让学生认识到连词在英语写作中的重要性。通过分析一篇学生的范文,让学生了解怎样去运用关联词,怎样去组织一篇文章,最后让学生根据提供的材料完成一篇习作,并互相评价,修改。
我认为本节课在以下几个方面处理得较好:
1. 课堂教学组织严谨,教学各个环节环环相扣,很流畅,由提问引出主题,通过比较学生习作认识到连词使用的重要,通过分析学生习作教学生学会怎么运用,最后进行实践。
2. 学生书信写作练习的设计比较新颖。从一位学困生的角度,用广州话说出对老师的感激,及今后的打算,容易引起学生写作的兴趣。
3. 考虑到本校学生生源的实际情况,写作任务经过了层层分解,从文章结构的构思,到语言的组织,时态的运用等给足了提示,使写作任务的难度降低了,让大部分学生都可以完成写作任务。
不足方面:因时间关系,学生写作的时间不太够,还有一小部分学生没有按时完成写作任务。习作的点评也不够时间处理,只点评了一篇习作,如果能找各个层次的学生习作进行点评就更好。
⑵ 小学英语教案里的学情分析怎么写
小学英语教案的学情分析,首先写清学生的基本情况,根据学生的不同年龄特征,对英语知识的要求不同,去实施教学写教材分析。
⑶ 人教版九年级上册英语1-5重点单词分析
Unit1
1. 听古典音乐 listen to classical music
2. 向老师寻求帮助 ask the teacher for help
3. 为考试学习 study for a test?
4. 通过和小组学习 by studying with a group.
5. 大声朗读怎么样?What\How about reading aloud?
8. 练习发音 practice pronouncing
9. 说话技能 speaking skills
10.问某人关于。。。的情况 ask sb about sth
11.问到有关学习语法的事 ask about studying grammar
15. 感觉不同 feel differently
16. 发现看电影是令人沮丧 find watching movies frustration
17. 观看演员说话 watch the actors say the words
18. 说得太快 speak too quickly
19. 一点也不 not … at all
20.一点也没有帮助 be not helpful at all
don’t help at all
21.对于。。。感到激动 get excited about sth
22.最后以说汉语结束 end up speaking in Chinese
23.做一个关于学英语的调查 do a survey about studying English
25.英语口语 spoken English
26.在语法方面出现错误 make mistakes in grammar
27.慢慢地读 read slowly
28.我不知道如何使用逗号。how to use commas.
29.使发音正确 get the pronunciation right
30.挑战之一 one of the challenges
31.获得很多的写作训练 get much writing practice
32.在杂志中 in magazines
33.解决问题的办法 solutions to the problems
34.为什么不加入英语俱乐部呢?Why not join the English club?
Why don’t you join the English club?
36.首先 first of all
37.后来 later on
35.我没有练习英语的伙伴。I don’t have a partner to practice English with.
39.害怕在课堂上发言be afraid of speaking in class
40.不要嘲笑我。Don’t laugh at me.
41.没关系。It doesn’t matter.
43.我也不知道 I don’t know, either.
44.做某事的秘诀之一 one of the secrets of doing sth
46.记笔记 take notes
48.做某事有困难(四个)have trouble doing sth
have difficulty doing sth
have problems doing sth
have a hard time doing sth
49.把它们写下 write them down
51.在字典中把它查出来
look them up in a dictionary
feels soft.
摸起来很软。
53.编一个对话 make up a conversation
54.作为第二语言 as a second language
56.我们如何处理我们的问题?
How do we deal with our problems?
57.同义句
What do we do with our problems?
60.和某人生气 be angry with sb
61.通过学会忘记 by learning to forget
62.一个不公正的女孩 an unfair girl
67.解决一个问题 solve a problem
68.把。。。当作。。。regard…as
70.抱怨某事 complain about sth
71.对某人要求严格 be strict with sth
72.对某事要求严格 be strict in sth
74.把。。。变成。。。change … into…
77.做。。。是某人的职责
It’s one’s ty to do sth.
78.尽他们最大的努力做某事
try their best to do sth
79.在老师的帮助下
with the help of the teacher
80.把A比作B compare A to B
81.把A和B相比较 compare A with B
82.例如 for example
84.让我们面临挑战吧。
Let’s face the challenges.
85.一个士兵 a soldier
86.中断友谊 break off a friendship
89.加入英语俱乐部
Joining the English club
98.一个发展中国家 a developing country
99.一个发达国家 a developed country
95.发现学英语是困难的
find learning English difficult
91.记英语笔记 keep an English note
92.对某人来说做。。。是容易的。
It’s easy for sb to do sth
Unit2
我过去起床很晚。I used to get up late.
我习惯于早起。
I am used to getting up early.
等一会儿 wait a minute
你过去弹钢琴吗?
Did you use to play the piano?
我对学英语感兴趣。
I am interested in studying English.
她喜欢踢足球。I like playing soccer.
我在游泳队。I am on the soccer team.
我是游泳队的一员。
I am a member of the soccer team.
人们确实改变。People sure change.
他过去害怕黑暗。
He used to be afraid of the dark.
害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth
害怕做某事 be afraid to do sth
一个寂寞的男孩 a lonely boy
感觉寂寞 feel lonely
独自呆在家里 stay alone at home
坐飞机飞行 fly in an airplane
上飞机 get on the plane
下飞机 get out of the plane
在黑暗中 in the dark
在夜晚 in the evening
在一群人面前
in front of a group of people
睡觉时卧室的灯是开着的
go to bed with the bedroom light on
通过电视看比赛
watch the match on TV
蜘蛛和其他的昆虫
spiders and other insects
还有什么
what else / what other things
害怕体育课
be afraid of / be terrified of gym class
我不担心考试。
I don’t worry about the tests.
一直,总是 all the time
吃糖 eat candy
嚼口香糖 chew gum
我最大的问题就是我太忙了。
My biggest problem is that I’m too busy.
忙于做某事 be busy doing sth
忙于某事 be busy with sth
如此多的时间 so much time
如此多的规矩 so many rules
这些天 these days
直接回家 go right home
吃晚饭 eat dinner
花费时间/金钱做某事
(spend) spend time/money doing sth
在某事上花费时间/金钱
(spend) spend time / money on sth
做某事花费某人一些时间(take)It takes sb some time to do sth
eat 过去式,过去分词,现在分词 eat—ate—eaten --eating
不再 no longer / no more / not …any longer/ not …any more
整天 all day
和某人聊天 chat with sb
chat 过去式,过去分词,现在分词 chat—chatted—chatted—chatting
带我去音乐会 take me to concerts
我有做作业的时间
I have time to do my homework.
同义句 I have time for homework.
我有买车的钱
I have money to buy a car.
同义句 I have money for a car.
怀念过去的日子 miss the old days
在过去几年中我的生活改变很多。
My life has changed a lot in the last/ past few years.
在过去50年中中国发生很多变化。
Great changes have taken place in China in the last / past 50 years.
我的日常生活与你的不同。
My daily life is different from yours.
介意做某事 mind doing sth
你介意我在这吸烟吗?
Would you mind my smoking here?
我喜欢读漫画。
I like reading comics.
不要如此担心事情。
Don’t worry about things so much.
这会让你有压力。
It will make you stressed out.
我的朋友搬到另外一个城镇去了。My friend moved to another town.
受感动(两个)
be moved / be impressed
我把头发留长了。
I grow my hair long.
她似乎很年轻。
She seems to be young
同义句 She seems young.
同义句 It seems that she is young.
她似乎知道每件事。
She seems to know everything.
同义句
It seems that she knows everything.
一个十一岁的男孩
an eleven-year-old boy
支付。。。 pay for (pay--paid—paid)
我支付不起这个房子。
I can’t afford the house.
同义句
I can’t afford to pay for the house.
为他自己和家人惹麻烦 cause trouble / problems for himself and his family
陷入麻烦 get into trouble
处于麻烦中 be in trouble
摆脱麻烦 get out of trouble
对某人有耐心 be patient with sb
最后 in the end
做一个艰难的决定
make a difficult decision
决定做某事 decide to do sth
把他送到一个男子寄宿学校
send him to a boys’ boarding school
send 过去式,过去分词,现在分词 send—sent—sent—sending
使某人吃惊的是 to one’s surprise
那就是我确实想要的。
It was exactly what I needed.
即使他很穷,他也很快乐。
Even though he is poor, he is happy.
以。。。为骄傲 (两个)
take pride in / be proud of
他已经死了两年了。
He has been dead for two years.
他两年前死了。
He died two years ago.
他的死让我们难过。
His death made us sad.
那条狗快死了。The dog is dying.
注意你的发音
pay attention to your pronunciation
班级中最好的学生之一
one of the best students in the class
对自己感觉好
feel good about oneself
对某人来说做。。。是重要的。
It’s important for sb to do sth
在那里支持着他们的孩子
be there for their children
放弃做某事 give up doing sth
把它放弃 give it up
别浪费时间。Don’t waste time.
改变某人的想法
change one’s mind
正如Martin自己说的
as Martin himself says
他的妈妈尽可能好地照顾他。
His mother looked after him as much as she could.
和他妈妈的最近一次谈话
a recent conversation with his mother
改变某人的生活 change one’s life
画画 paint a picture
她过去恐高。
She used to be afraid high places.
你过去很矮,是不是?
You used to be short, didn’t you?
Unit3
允许(单三,过去式)allow—allows—allowed
允许做某事 allow doing sth
允许某人做某事 allow sb to do sth
某人被允许做某事
sb be allowed to do sth
十六岁的孩子们应该允许有兼职工作 Sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to have part-time jobs.
十六岁的孩子们不应该允许打耳洞. Sixteen-year-old kids shouldn’t be allowed to have their ears pierced.
使某事被做 get / have sth done
让某人做某事(have/get) have sb do sth / get sb to do sth
去购物中心 go to the mall
驾驶证 driver’s license
剪头发(两种)
cut one’s hair / have one’s hair cut
不够严肃 not serious enough
停止戴耳环 stop wearing the earrings
抄别人作业你真傻 It’s silly of you to others’ homework.
在周末 on weekends
他们说话而不做作业。
They talk instead of doing homework.
我要去看的是你而不是她。
I will go to see you instead of her.
我要步行去那而不是坐公交车。I will go there on foot instead of by bus.
在那个年龄 at that age
同意做某事 agree to do sth
同意某人(所说的话)(三种)
agree with sb / agree with one’s words / agree with what sb said
同意一些想法 agree with some ideas
同意这个计划 agree to this plan
在我们家有许多规则。
We have lots of rules at my house.
在上学的晚上 on school nights
在朋友家学习
study at a friend’s house
在周五晚上 on Friday night
我不能迟于10点钟到家。
I have to be home by 10 pm.
我已经写完作业了。
I have finished my homework already.
我还没有完成作业。
I haven’t finished my homework yet.
做完某事 finish doing sth
你在家有什么规矩?
What rules do you have at home?
我熬夜做作业了。
I stayed up doing homework.
我直到做完作业才能上床睡觉。
I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework.
上课迟到(2)
be late for class / get to class late
考试没及格(2)
fail the test / fail in the test
通过考试 pass the test
参加考试 take the test
补考 take the test later
几天前 the other day
和某人谈论某事
talk with sb about sth
穿一件制服 wear a uniform
比起学业我们会更关注我们的衣服。We would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies.
对学习有好处 be good for study / studying / studies
设计我们的校服 design our own uniforms
做某事的好方法 a good way to do sth
使老师和学生都高兴
keep both teachers and students happy
使某人、某事保持。。keep sb / sth + adj.
使某人一直做某事 keep sb doing sth
让门关着 keep the door closed
小组学习 study in groups
变得吵闹 get noisy
制造噪音 make noise / make a noise
从彼此那里学到很多
learn a lot from each other
目前 at present
给我们时间做像志愿者工作的事情 give us time to do things like volunteering
自愿做某事 volunteer to do sth
有机会做某事 have an opportunity to do sth / have an opportunity of doing sth
在当地医院 at the local hospital
必须回到学校
have to go back to school
对我来说是一次好的经历
a good experience for me
在文章里 in the article
你想穿什么样的衣服?
What kind of clothes do you want to wear?
你觉得学习怎样?(2)
What do you think of studying? / How do you like to study?
…的一个成员 a member of…
用英汉字典
use English-Chinese dictionary
你得到18岁才被允许开车。You have to be 18 years old before you are allowed to drive a car.
练习做某事 practice doing sth
我无法决定该买哪一条牛仔裤?
I can’t decide which pair of jeans to buy.
这件毛衣穿在我身上很好看。
This sweater looks good on me.
每个人每晚需要至少八个小时的睡眠。Everyone needs to have at least eight hours’ sleep a night.
一家老人院 an old people’s home
为某人表演戏剧
perform a play for sb
给报社写文章 write for a newspaper
一周一次 once a week
感到困倦 feel sleepy
睡着了 be asleep
上完一周长课后许多学生觉得很困。after a long week of classes
周五下午休息
have Friday afternoons off
休息两天 have two days off
回答这个问题(2)
answer the question / reply to the question
在你上一封简报中
in your last newsletter
遵守规则 obey the rules
阻碍学习
get in the way of schoolwork
担心他们孩子们在学校(是否)成功 worry about their child’s success at school
success (形容词,副词)
successful successfully
成功做某事 succeed in doing sth
在学校长跑队
be on the school running team
一个职业运动员 a profession athlete
实现梦想(3)realize one’s dream / achieve one’s dream / make one’s dream come true
在一百米跑赛中
in the 100-meter race
不反对跑赛
have nothing against running
现实生活 realistic life
去年她教我英语
She taught me English last year.
学习的重要性
the importance of learning
努力学英语
(on/ at) study hard at / on English
对于跑步认真、热衷
be serious about running
在意、担心 care about
直到那时我才有实现梦想的机会。Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream.
直有用这种方式才能提高你的英语。Only in this way can you improve your English.
重点 the main point
指向 point to
指点 point at
他似乎没有很多朋友。
He doesn’t seem to have many friends.
和朋友一起度过时间
spend time with friends
请打扫教室。它确实很乱。
Please clean up the classroom. It’s a real mess.
祝你学习进步,更上一层楼!(*^__^*)
⑷ 新目标九年级英语上册第一单元的重要知识点和考点
1.aloud adv.出声地(使别人能听得到)
Reading aloud is a good way in leaning English.
朗读是学英语的一个好方法。
▲loud adj. 大声的,声音洪亮的,loud—louder—loudest
He talked in a loud voice so that everyone could hear him.
他说话声音很大以便于每个人都能听得到他。
▲adv. loud—louder—loudest
Don’t talk so loud.The kids are reading.
说话小声些,孩子们正在看书。
(Speak)louder,please!
请再说高一些!
▲loudly adv吵吵闹闹地,噪声地
I heard someone knocked loudly at the door.
我听到有人在使劲敲门。
They are talking loudly in the next room.
他们在隔壁说话声很大。
2.voice n.噪音,鸟鸣声
She has a sweet voice.
她声音很甜美。
She raised her voice so that she could be heard.
她提高了嗓音队便于别人能听清楚。
He lost his voice./He had no voice because of the cough.
因为咳嗽,他失声了。
▲noise n噪音,吵闹
Don’t make so much noise.
别弄出那么大的噪音。
I heard a strange noise outside.
我听到外边奇怪的声音。
▲sound n.(自然界中的)声音,响声
Sound travels slower than light.
声音的传播比光慢。
3.memory n.(计算机的)储存器
A lot of information is stored in the memory.
计算机的储存器能储存很多信息。
▲n.记忆力
He has a poor memory after the car accident.
车祸后他的记忆力很差了。
▲n. 回忆,怀念
I have a pleasant memory of my childhood.
我对童年有美好的回忆。
▲memorize/memorise vt. 记住,背过
He can memorize new words very quickly.
他能很快记住很多单词。
4. frustrate vt.使失望,使沮丧
The serious illness frustrated his dream for college.
他上大学的梦想遭受挫折。
▲frustrating adj. 令人失望的
What he said is frustrating.
他所说的话很令人失望。
She finds it frustrating to watch English movies.
她觉得看英语电影很令人失望(因为看不懂)。
▲frustrated adj. 失望的,沮丧的
He was frustrated when he failed again in the test.
当他再次考试没及格后,他很失望。
5.add vt. 增加,加
She tasted the soup and added more salt.
她尝了尝汤,又加了些盐。
▲add to 增添
His coming added to our trouble.
他的到来给我们添了很多麻烦。
▲add up to 总计达……,加起来……
The number of the students in our class adds up to 55.
我们班上学生的数目加起来是55人。
▲vt. 补充说,又说
He said goodbye to us and added that he would visit us again.
他和我们说了再见,又说他会再来看我们的。
6. excite vt.使兴奋
The news that our team had won excited everybody.
我们队赢了的消息令所有的人很激动。
▲exciting adj.令人兴奋的
The soccer game is exciting.
那场足球赛很令人激动。
▲excited adv. 兴奋的,激动的
We were very excited at the news.
当听到那个消息,我们很激动。
7.speak(speak—spoke—spoken)说(语言),讲话
Can you speak French?
你会说法语吗?
Do you know who will speak at the meeting?
你知道谁要在会上发言?
▲talk to/with sb 与某人谈话,talk about/of sth/sb谈论某人或某事
He was talking to/with his friend whom I called him.
当我给他打电话时,他正在和他的朋友谈话。
What are you talking about?
你们在说什么?
▲say 说(后接说的内容)
What did he say at the meeting?
他在会上说了什么?
She said she would be back the next week.
她说下周回来。
▲tell 告诉
tell sb sth 告诉某人某事(接双宾语)
Who told you the news?
是谁告诉你的那个消息?
▲讲,说
tell stories讲故事,tell a lie撒谎,tell the truth说实话
Grandma used to tell stories to me when 1 was young.
我小的时候,奶奶经常给我讲故事。
Don’t believe him! He is telling a tie.
别信他!他在撒谎。
To tell you the truth,I don’t quite agree with you.
老实说,我不太同意你的意见。
8.complete vt.使完全,使完整,(圆满完成)
She’s trying to complete collection of the CDs.
他试图收齐那套CD。
▲adj. 巧完整的,完全的
Can you make complete sentences?
你会造完整的句子吗?
He is a complete stranger to me.
他对我来说完全是陌生的。
9.secret n.秘密
It’s a secret between you and me,so don’t tell it to others.
那时我们之间的秘密,所以不要告诉别人。
▲adj. 秘密的
Let’s keep it secret from others.
咱们不让别人知道此事。
Let the cat out of the bag.= Let out the secret.
泄露秘密。
10.impress vt.使感动,给……深刻印象
What he did impressed everybody present.
他的事迹给在场的人留下了深刻的印象。
The beautiful sights of the country impressed all of us.
那个国家的美景打动了我们所有的人。 、、
▲impressed adj. (被)感动的
We were impressed by what he did.
我们被他的话所感动。
11. native n. 当地人,本国人
When we were on vacation in Brazil,we lived like the natives.
我们在巴西度假时,就像当地人那样生活。
The kangaroo is a native of Australia.
袋鼠是产于澳洲的动物。
▲native speaker 生来就说某种语言的人
He speaks English so well that we all think he is a native speaker·
他的英语说得太好了,我们都认为他是个本地人。
▲native language 母语
Marx was born in Germany,and German was his native language.’
马克思出生在德国,法语是他的母语。
Important phrases(重点词组)
人民教育出版社教学资源分社
1.1isten to cassettes 听磁带
2.first of all 首先
3.work/study with a group 和小组一起学习
4.watch English language TV 看英语电视
5.spoken English 英语口语
6.writing practice 写作训练
7.join an English club 加入英语俱乐部
8.1ater on 以后;随后
9.look up words(in a dictionary) 查同典
10.native speakers 生来就说某种语言的人
11.not at aIl 根本不;一点也不
12.end up 结束
13. ask the teacher for help 求助于老师
14.make up 组成;编造
15.enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事
16.take notes 做笔记
17.make mistakes 犯错误
1 8.make flashcards 制作认读卡片
19.read aloud 朗读
20. have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
Important sentences(重点句子)
人民教育出版社教学资源分社
1. How do you study for a test?
你怎样准备考试?
▲study for a test prepare for a test 准备考试
— What were you doing when I called last night?
一I was studying for the math test.
一 昨天晚上我打电话时你在干什么?
一 我在准备数学测验。
2. I study for an English test by listening to cassettes.
我听录音准备英语测验。
▲by 靠,用(方法,手段等),后接动名词(doing…)
He makes a living by repairing bikes.
他靠修车为生。
▲listen vi.后加to再接名词。
My sister was listening to music when I got home.
当我到家时,姐姐正在听音乐。
Listen! Someone is knocking at the door.
听!有人在敲门。
3.He studies by asking the teacher for help.
他靠求助于老师来学习。
▲ask sb for help求助于某人
—You can ask me for help if you have trouble.
—Thank you.1 will.
— 如果你有麻烦,你可以求助于我。
一 谢谢。我会的。
4.Do you ever practice conversations with friends?
你曾经和朋友练习过会话吗?
▲ever adv. 用于疑问句和否定旬中,“曾经”
Do you ever worry that you’11 fail a test?
你担心考试会不及格吗?
▲practice vt.(Am.E) = practice (Br.E) 练习
▲在美国英语中practice既可作名词又作动词;但在英国英语中practice为名词;practise为动词。
5. What about listening to cassettes?
听录音怎么样?
▲what about + n./pron/doing? =how about + n/pron/doing。例如:
What/How about going to the movies tonight?
今晚去看电影怎么样?
6. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?
靠朗读来练习发音怎么样?
read aloud 朗读
Reading aloud is very helpful in leaning English.
朗读在学英语中很有帮助。
7.I’ve learned a lot that way. 我那样学到了很多。
▲a lot 代表一个不可数名词。例如:
Though he is young,he knows a lot.
他虽然很小,但他知道很多。
▲that way相当于一个副词,way用于which,this,that之后,构成短语,“那样”。如:
Don’t talk to your parents that way.
别那样和父母说话。
8.It improves my speaking skills.
它能提高我的口语技巧。
▲Improve vt. 改进,改善,提高
His work is improving slowly.
他的工作在慢慢改进。
Her pronunciation has greatly improved.
他的发音大大提高了。
▲speaking skill 口语技巧 listening skill 听力技巧
writing skill 写作技巧 reading skill 阅读技巧
9. It’s too hard to understand to voices.
听懂不同的声音很困难。
▲too + adj./adv. + to do “太……而不能……”。又如:
He is too young to go to school.
他太小,不能上学。
She runs too slow to catch up with me.
她跑得太慢追不上我。
10.This week we asked students at New Star High School about the
best ways to learn more English.本周我们问新星中学学生关于多学点英语的最好方法。
▲ask sb about sth 询问某人关于……的情况
Ask her about the pen that you lost.She may have found it.
问问她你丢的钢笔,也许她捡到了。
▲the best ways to do sth = the best ways of doing sth 做……的好办法
Who can tell me the best way of memorizing/to memorize new words?
谁能告诉我记单词的最好办法是什么?
11. She said that memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little.
她说记流行歌曲的歌词也有点帮助。
▲that引导的是宾语从句,在宾语从句中memorizing the words of pop songs为动名词短语作主语。例如:
Teaching English is my job.
教英语是我的工作。
Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你的身体有好处。
▲a little有点,代表不可数名词,其反义词为a lot。
一Would you like some sugar in your coffee?
你的咖啡里想加糖吗?
一Yes.just a little.
好,要一点点。
12.He’s been learning English for six years and really loves it.
他学英语有六年了,并且很喜欢它。
▲“has/have been doing sth”现在完成进行时,表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在,还要进行下去的动作。又如:
She has been learning English for 5 years.
她学英语有五年了。
He has been reading for 2 hours and hasn’t finished it yet.
他看书有两个小时了,但还没有完成。
13. He finds watching movies frustrating because the people speak too quickly.
他发现看英语电影很令人失望,因为人们说话太快。
▲动名词watching movies在此句中作宾语,又如:
I like playing basketball.
我喜欢打篮球。
▲frustrating为现在分词充当形容词作用,在句中作宾语watching movies的宾语补足语。
▲find sb/sth + n./adj./doing “发现某人……”,后面的“n./adj./doing”作宾语补足语。又如:
I find him a hard-working student.
我发现他是个勤奋的学生。
I find physics difficult to learn.
我发现物理很难学。
When she got home,she found him lying in the bed,i11.
当她到家时,她发现他躺在床上病了。
14.She added that having conversations with friends wasn’t helpful at a11.
她补充说和朋友练习会话一点帮助都没有。
▲having conversations with friends为动名词短语作宾语从句中的主语,要特别注意,动名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,不要与friends一致。例如:
Taking care of the little kids is her job.
照看孩子们是她的工作。
▲not…at all 一点也不,用来加强语气,又如:
I don’t agree with him at a11.
我一点也不同意他的意见。
15. We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese.
我们会因为某件事变得很激动,最后用汉语来描述。
▲end up达到某种状态或采取某种行动,又如:
At first he said nothing but he ended up apologizing.
一开始,他什么也不说,到头来还是道了歉。
16.1’m doing a survey about learning English.Can l ask you some questions?
我正在就关于学习英语作调查。我能问你几个问题吗?
▲do a survey about sth/doing sth 关于……作调查
Last week,we did a survey about surfing the Internet.
上周,我们就网上冲浪作了个调查。
▲some用于疑问句时,表示希望得到肯定回答,如果只是询问信息,可以用any代替some用于疑问句和否定句中。又如:
Could you please lend me some money?
你能借给我些钱吗? (希望得到肯定回答)
Did you buy her any gifts?
你给她买礼物了吗?(询问信息)
17.1 often keep an English notebook.
我经常记英语笔记。
▲keep vt. 记录(某事),在某物上做书面记载
She kept a diary for over twenty years.
她写日记有20多年了。
I have the habit of keeping notes.
我有记笔记的习惯。
18.I can’t pronounce some of the words.有一些单词我不会发音。
▲some/many/all/most/none/few…of the + 名词
Most of the students love reading.
多数学生喜欢看书。
19.1 make mistakes in grammar.
我在语法方面老犯错误。
▲make a mistake/make mistakes 犯错误
Don’t be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English.
当说英语时不要怕犯错误。
by mistake 错误地.
Do you know that potato chips were invented by mistake?
你知道炸薯片是被错误发明的吗?
20.I don’t know how to use commas.
我不知道怎样使用逗号。
▲此句的宾语是由疑问词how加不定式to use commas构成的,这是个简单句,它可以改为一个复合句。例如:
I don’t know how I should use commas.
I don’t know what to do.= I don’L know what I should do.
我不知道该做什么。
Can you tell mc when to start? = Can you tell me when I should start?
你能告诉我何时出发吗?
21.Why don’t you join an English language club to practice speaking English?
你为什么不加入一个英语俱乐郝来练习说英语昵?
▲Why don’t you do…? = Why not do…? 表示建议,意为“为什么不……?”,又如:
Why don’t you/Why not go to school by bike when there’s heavy traffic?
当交通很拥堵时,你为什么不骑白行车上学呢?
▲join加入某组织成为其中的成员,take part in参加某种活动,attend参加会议,报告,演讲等。例如:
His father joined the Party in 1976.
他爸爸是1976年入的党。
People often take part in sports after work.
工作之余人们经常参加体育活动。
I attended an important meeting yesterday.
昨天我参加了一个会。
22. l don’t have a partner to practice English with.
我没有同伴一起练习英语。
▲此处的不定式to practice English with作定语,修饰a partner。又如:
The teacher has something to say.
老师有话要说。
He has no room to live in.
他没有房子住。
23.First of all,it wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class.
起初,对我来说听懂老师在班里讲话都不是件容易的事。
▲first of all 最初,首先
First of all she just smiled,then she started to laugh.
最初她只是笑,后来才放声大笑。
▲It is/was + adj. + for sb to do (句式)对某人来说做某事…… 例如:
It is difficult for me to learn physics well.
对我来说学好物理很难。
It is important to learn English.
学英语很重要。
24.To begin with,she spoke too quickly,and l could not understand every word.
一开始,她说得太快了,我不能听懂所有的话。
▲to begin with = to start with 首先,一开始,第一
To begin with he had no money,but later he became quite rich.
他起初没钱,可是后来相当富有了。
▲not…every + 可数名词单数 = not all + 复数名词表示部分否定“并非所有的”又如:
You don’t have to remember every word.
你没必要记住所有的字。
Not all the students live far away from school.
不是所有的学生都住得离学校远。
25.Later on,I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word.
后来,我意识到如果有些词听不懂没关系。
▲later on 后来,以后
At first things went well,but later on they ran into trouble.
起初事情进展地很顺利,但后来他们遇到了麻烦。
▲realize vt. 意识到,认识到(有一个逐渐认识的过程),不用于进行时和被动语态。例如:
One day you’ll realize that you are wrong.
总有一天你会意识到你错了。
▲that引导的是realize的宾语从句,在宾语从句中又出现了if引导的条件状语从旬。例如:
It doesn’t matter ff you can’t drive a car.
如果你不会开车没关系。
26.Also l was afraid to speak in class, because I thought my classmates might laugh at me。
我还害怕在班里发言,因为我怕同学会嘲笑我。
▲be afraid of sth/to do/of doing sth 害怕/不敢/恐怕做某事
I used to be afraid of the dark.
我过去常常怕黑。
She’s afraid to go/of going out alone at night.
她害怕夜晚独自出去。
▲might 表示可能性
He might know her telephone number,but I’m not sure.
他可能知道她的电话号码,但我不确定。
▲laugh at sb 嘲笑
It’s bad manners to laugh at people in trouble.
嘲笑陷入困境的人不礼貌。
27. 1 think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of becoming a good language learner.
我认为做大量的听力练习是成为一名好的语言学习者的秘诀之一。
▲doing lots of listening practice 动名词短语作主语。
▲one of the secrets of doing sth 做某事的秘诀之一,要注意one of与复数名词搭配。例如:
He is one of the students who are good at soccer.
他是喜欢足球的学生中的一员。
28.Another thing that l found very difficult was English grammar.
另一个我发现很困难的东西是英语语法。
▲that引导的是定语从句,修饰another thing,that在定语从句中作found的宾语。又如:
Is there anything that I can do for you? = Can I help you? = What can I do for you?
我能为你做点什么? (你买什么?)
29.Then l started to write my own original sentences using the grammar 1 was learning.
然后我用学过的语法造有独创性的句子。
▲start/begin to do sth = start/begin doing sth 开始做某事
original sentences 有独创性的句子,新颖的句子
▲1 was leaning为定语从句,修饰grammar,省略了先行词that。
30. It’s amazing how much this helped.
真是不可思议了,这样做很有帮助。
▲It's amazing + 从句/to do sth “……真是太惊奇了”。
It’s amazing to meet an old friend in a foreign country.
在国外遇到老朋友,真是太惊喜了。
▲It为形式主语,真正的主语是how much this helped
在例句中,真正的主语是不定式to meet an old friend in a foreign country。
31.Now I am enjoying learning English and l got an A in this term.
现在我很喜欢英语,并在这学期得了个“A”。
▲注意:“A”前边用不定冠词,选用冠词时要看字母的发音,即元音音素开头的用“an”。例如:
There is a “U” and an “R’’ in the word “hour’’.
在单词“hour”里面,有一个“U”和一个“R”。
32.She had trouble in making complete sentences.
她造完整的句子有困难。
▲have trouble in doing sth 做某事有麻烦/困难
He had trouble in understanding native speakers.
他听外国人说话有困难。
▲make sentences 造句
Do you find it hard to make complete sentences?
你发现造完整的句子很困难吗?
太多了.....给你个网站自己翻页看吧
⑸ 英语学情分析怎么写
英语学情分析写法可参考以下:
1、学生年龄特点分析
包括所在年龄阶段的学生长于形象思维还是抽象思维;乐于发言还是开始羞涩保守;喜欢跟老师合作还是开始抵触老师;不同年龄学生注意的深度、广度和持久性也不同。这些特点可以通过学习一些发展心理学的简单知识来分析,也可以凭借经验和观察来灵活把握。
2、学生已有知识经验分析
针对本节课或本单元的教学内容,确定学生需要掌握哪些知识、具备哪些生活经验,然后分析学生是否具备这些知识经验。可以通过单元测验、摸底考察、问卷等较为正式的方式,也可以采取抽查或提问等非正式的方式。
3、学生学习能力和学习风格分析
分析不同班级学生理解掌握新知识的能力如何、学习新的操作技能的能力如何。据此设计教学任务的深度、难度和广度。经验丰富、能力较强的老师还可以进一步分析本班学生中学习能力突出的尖子生和学习能力较弱的学习困难学生,并因材施教、采取变通灵活的教学策略。
4、学生学习风格分析
班级整体学习风格:一个班级的孩子在一起时间长了会形成“班级性格”,有些班级思维活跃、反应迅速,但往往思维深度不够、准确性稍微欠缺;有些班级则较为沉闷,但可能具有一定的思维深度。不同的学生个体也是如此,教师应该结合教学经验和课堂观察,敏锐捕捉相关信息,通过提出挑战性的问题、合作等方式尽量取学生之长、补其之短。
⑹ 初中英语中名词所有的知识点拜托了!
名词的用法
名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词,专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:
1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。
2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。
3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。
4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词。归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示:
名词 专有名词 不可数名词
普通名词 物质名词
抽象名词
集体名词
可数名词
个体名词
1.1 名词复数的规则变化
情况 构成方法 读音 例词
一般情况 加 -s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps
浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars
以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches
以ce, se, ze,等结尾 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses
以辅音字母+y结尾 变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies
1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化
1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如:
two Marys the Henrys
monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
a. 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos
radio---radios zoo---zoos;
b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes。
3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs
safe---safes gulf---gulfs;
b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;
c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。
1.3 名词复数的不规则变化
1) child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意:由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
2) 单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。
3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:
people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are instries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4) 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。
b. news 为不可数名词。
c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如:
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。
6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。
1.4 不可数名词量的表示
1)物质名词
a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。
比较:Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数)
These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)
b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。例如:
This factory proces steel. (不可数)
We need various steels. (可数)
c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如:
Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。
Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。
2) 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如:
four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化
物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一则建议。
5. 定语名词的复数
名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。
1) 1) 用复数作定语。例如:
sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室
talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系
2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如:
men workers women teachers gentlemen officials
3) 有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。例如:
goods train (货车) arms proce 武器生产
customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷
4) 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如:
two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路
two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划
1.6 不同国籍人的单复数
国籍 总称(谓语用复数) 单数 复数
中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese
瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss
澳大利亚人 the Australians an Australian two Australians
俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians
意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians
希腊人 the greek a greek two greeks
法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen
日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese
美国人 the Americans an American two Americans
印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians
加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians
德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans
英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen
瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes
1.7 名词的格
英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下:
1) 单数名词词尾加"'s",复数名词词尾没有s,也要加"'s",如the boy's bag 男孩的书包,men's room 男厕所。
2) 若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加" ' ",如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。
3) 凡不能加"'s"的名词,都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。
4) 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barber's 理发店。
5) 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示"分别有";只有一个's,则表示'共有'。例如:
John's and Mary's rooms(两间) John and Mary's room(一间)
6) 复合名词或短语,'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。例如:a month or two's absence
⑺ 九年级英语知识点
I like music that Ican dance to.
【教学目标】1.会表达自己的喜好(Learn to expresspreferences)
2.习使用定语从句(Practice using theAttributive Clause)
3.练习使用本单元的目标英语(Practice using thetarget language.
【单元内容概述】一.单词。1.名词类:
lyric(歌词;抒情词句);fisherman;entertainment;feature;wife;
photograph;photography;photographer;
exhibition;gallery(美术馆;画廊);show;display;
class(等级;类别);official;energy;Italian;Indian;weight;
figure(统计)数字;potato;chip;chocolate;sugar;coke;
2.动词类:prefer;display;interest;suggest;
suit;expect;release;double;spoil(宠爱;溺爱)
3.形容词类:gentle;known;honest;Italian;Indian;overweight;fresh
4.副词类:roughly(粗略地;大体上)
二.词组和短语(Key Phrases)
Yellow River黄河remind …of…提醒;使……记起
on display/show展览;陈列catch up赶上;跟上
sing along with和着……一起唱dance to伴着……跳舞
different kinds of不同种类的be sure to一定
[pic00000.bmp]她最珍爱的照片
[pic00001.bmp]在一个星期一的上午
prefer…to…喜欢……胜过……become overweight变得过重
10 percent百分之十release a healthsurvey发布一项健康调查
in different ways以不同的方式;在不同的方面
三.目标语言(Target Language)
1.—What kind ofmusic do you like?
【重、难点讲解】一.重点词汇
1.prefer v.(1)prefer=like sth.better,单独使用时.其用法与like相同。例如:
I perfer walkingalone.我比较喜欢一个人溜达.(prefer doing)
She prefers to bealone.她宁愿独自一个人.(prefer to do)
I prefer my coffeeblack.我爱喝不加奶的咖啡.(prefer sth.)
prefer sb.to do sth.
Their father prefersthem to be homeearly.他们的父亲希望他们早回家.
prefer sth.prefer doingprefer to doprefer sb.to do sth.
(2)prefer…to…(=choose sth.ratherthan sth else;
like sth.betterthan…)是一个固定短语,意为“宁愿选择……而不愿选择;跟……比起来更喜欢…….
例如:He prefers tea tocoffee.他喜欢茶胜过咖啡.(prefer sth.to sth.)
I prefer walking tocycling.我愿意步行,不愿意骑自行车.(prefer doingsth.to doing sth.)
(3)prefer to…ratherthan…宁愿做……而不愿做……
eg.I prefer to stay athome rather than goto the movie.
我宁愿呆在家里,也不愿意去看那个电影.
eg.I prefer to stay athome rather than goto the movie.
The heroine preferredto die rahther thansurrender.女英雄宁死不屈.
2.interest v.引起……的关注;使……感兴趣
interest v.(=cause one to givehis/her attentionto sth.)
提示:(1)interest还可以用作名词,指“兴趣;好奇心;关心”。
eg.Now,he's grown up
他已经长大了,对集邮不再感兴趣了,完全失去兴趣了。
(2)interestedadj.“(对某人或某事物)感兴趣的;关心的”
interestingadj.“有趣的;引起兴趣的”
I tried to tell himabout it,but he justwasn't interested.我想把这件事告诉他,可他简直不感兴趣。
[pic00013.bmp]
那位老人很有趣,并且对任何事情感兴趣。
3.expect. 预计;预料;期待;盼望
expect. v.(thinkor believe thatsth.will happen orthat sb/sth willcome)
expect的常用搭配为:(1)expect sth(from sb.)
eg.This is the parcelwhich we have beenexpecting(from New York).
这是我们一直在期待底(从纽约来的)邮包。
I was expecting apresent from her,soI was disappointed Ididn't receive one.
我原来一直盼望着收到她送的礼物,所以因得不到而失望。
(2)expected to do sth.
eg.You can't expect tolearn a foreignlanguage in a week.
不要指望一个星期就能学会一门外语。
(3)expect sb.to dosth.
eg.We expected him toarrive yesterday.我们原以为他昨天能到。
I expect you to behere on time.我要求你准时到这儿。
You'll be expectedto work on Saturdays.你们星期六要上班。
(4)expect+that-clause
eg.I expect (that) Iwill be back onSunday.我预计星期日回来。
You would expectedthat there would bestrong disagreementabout this.
你可以料到此事会有严重分歧。
注意: expect还有“料想;认为;猜想”等含义,相当于think,suppose.
eg.“Who has eaten allthe cakes?”“Tom,Iexpect.(I expectthat it was Tom).”
“谁把蛋糕都吃光了?”“我想是汤姆[大概是汤姆]吧。
“Will you need help?”“I don't expect so.”“你需要帮忙吗?”“我想不必了”
“Will he be late?”“ I expect so.”“他会迟到吗?” “我想会的。”
4.remind sb. of sth.(=cause sb.toremember sth)提醒;使……记起
He reminds me of hisbrother.我见到他便回想起了他的哥哥.
This song reminds meof France.我一听到这首歌就想起了法国.
5.catch up赶上;跟上
catch sb.up或catchup with sb.赶上某人;达到与某人相同的境界.
catch sb.up或catchup with sb.=reach sbwho is ahead;reachthe same stage as sb.
eg.Go on in front.I'llsoon catch you up/catch up (with you).
你先走,我很快就会赶上你.
eg.Go on in front.I'llsoon catch you up/catch up (with you).
After missing a termthrough illness hehad to work hard tocatch up (withothers).
他因病一学期未上课,得努力赶上(其他同学).
After missing a termthrough illness hehad to work hard tocatch up (withothers).
6.It does have a fewgood features,though.但是,它的确有几个好特点.
(1) 该句中,does是用来强调,表示 “真的;的确”.
除了does外,我们还可以根据时态和人称的需要,用do和did来表示强调.又如:
He does study hard.(比He studies hard.要强烈.)
We did come hereyesterday.(比We came hereyesterday.要强烈)
They do give me alot of help.(比They give me alot of help.要强烈)
6.It does have a fewgood features,though.
(2)在口语中,though可以用作副词,相当于however,放用在句末:
eg.I expect you areright—I'll ask him,though.我认为你说得对—我去问问他们也好.
She promised tophone.I heardnothing,though.他答应要打点话来.可我没听到回信儿.
二.重点语法 (一)疑问词+不定式动词”结构英语有个很有用的结构,就是:
疑问词+不定式动词(question word+to-infinitive)。
疑问词是疑问代词“who,whom,what,which,whose”和疑问副词“when,where,how,why”。
此外,此外,连接词“whether”也适用。
例句:I don't know what totry next.I'm not sure what toexpect.
“疑问词+不定式动词”结构有何功用呢?其主要功用有下列五种:
1.当主语,如:
When to hold themeeting has not yetbeen decided.Where to live is aproblem.
2.当宾语,如:
We must know what tosay at a meeting.
He could not tellwhom to trust.
Do you know how toplay bridge?
3.当补足语,如:
The problem is whereto find thefinancial aid.The question is whoto elect.
4.当名词同位语,如:
Tom had no ideawhich book to readfirst.
Do you have a roughimpression how to doit?
5.当宾语补足语,如:
Jim is not surewhose to choose.
Mary and John arenot certain whetherto get married ornot.
适用于“疑问词+不定式动词”的动词包括:
“know,see,decide,tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,forget,guess,hear,
imagine,inquire,learn,remember,think,wonder,understand”等。
值得特别注意的是:当这结构当宾语时,它的作用等于名词从句,例如:
I could not decidewhich dictonary tobuy.
=I could notdecide whichdictionary I shouldbuy.
Jack did not knowwhere to find such agood teacher.
=Jack did not knowwhere he could findsuch a good teacher.
有些动词,如“ask,show,tell,advise,inform,teach”等,
可以先有个宾语,然后才接着加上适当的“疑问词+不定式动词” 结构。例如:
The chief engineershowed them how torepair the machine.
Have you told himwhere to get theapplication form?
综上所述,可见“疑问词+不定式动词”结构是个形象清新,
既容易用又不容易出错的特别结构,可以多多运用。
(二)语从句(Attributive Clauses)
定语从句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词叫先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有:
who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有:when,where,why等。
例如:I like music that Ican dance to.
I love singers whowrite their ownmusic.
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
(1)who,whom,that 这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to seeyou? 他就是你想见的人吗?
(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(2)Whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:
They rushed over tohelp the man whosecar had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me thebook whose(ofwhich) cover isgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
(3)which,that 它们所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which/that had never beenseen before appearsin the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在句中作主语)
The package (which/that)you arecarrying is aboutto come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。
(which/that在句中作宾语)
(1)when,where,why 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构,因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用,
例如: I still remember theday when (on which)I first came here.
我至今还记得我初来咋到的那一天.
Beijing is the placewhere (in which) Iwas born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reasonwhy (for which) herefused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
⑻ 人教版九年级英语1~5单元知识总结(每一个单独的)
Unit 1 How do you study for a test?
重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1. by asking the teacher for help(P2)通过向老师寻求帮助
2. He’s been learning English for six years and really loves it. (P4)他已经学了六年的英语,而且的确很喜欢它。
He’s是He has的缩写。这是一个现在完成进行时态的句子,由“助动词have/has+been+现在分词”构成,用来表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到现在,可能还要延续下去。
3. She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all. (P4)她补充说,和朋友交谈一点帮助都没有。
4. We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese. (P4) 有些话题让我们兴奋不已 ,最后干脆说起汉语来。
be/get excited about意思是“对……感到兴奋”,其中about后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
She got excited about it as soon as she heard the good news.
她一听到那个好消息,就变得很兴奋。
5. Maybe you should join an English language club. (P5)也许你应该参加某个英语俱乐部。
maybe和may be虽然写法相似,意思也相似,但是用法区别很大。maybe是副词,意为“也许,可能”,用作状语;may be意为“也许是,可能是”,may是情态动词,与be一起作谓语。
Maybe you put it there. 也许你把它放在那里了。
6. First of all, it wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class. (P6)刚开始,当老师和全班学生说话的时候,她的话对我来说很难听懂。
短语first of all意为“首先,第一”,在句中作状语,强调首要的事情是什么,不一定用于列举,常用于first of all..., then..., at last...,使说明的层次更清楚。
First of all, I must finish my work. 首先,我必须完成我的工作。
7. To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every word. (P6)刚开始,她讲得太快,我不能每个词都听懂。
本句中的to begin with意为“首先,第一点(理由)”。
8. Later on, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word. (P6)后来,我意识到即使不理解每个单词也没有关系。
later on是由later与on构成的固定词组,但在意思和用法上与later既有相同之处,也有区别的地方。
Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark.
重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1. Over here! Don’t you remember me? (P11)过来!你不记得我了吗?
(1)over here相当于come over here,意为“过来”。
(2) remember的反义词是forget,两者用法相同,后面可跟名词,动名词或动词不定式。
2. You’re Paula, aren’t you? (P11)你是波拉,对吗?
这是一个反意疑问句,表示说话人提出某种情况或看法,询问对方是否同意。
3. Wow! People sure change. (P11)哇!人确实是会变的。
句中的sure用作副词,意为“确实”,“无疑”。sure一词更常见于以下用法和句型:
◎表示“可以”,“当然”,“没问题”,常用来答应他人的请求,相当于 Yes./OK./Great./Certainly./Of course.
4. I’m terrified of the dark. (P12) 我十分怕黑。
terrified为形容词,意为“受惊吓的,恐惧的”,表示“害怕……, 恐惧……”,固定用法be terrified of相当于be afraid of。
I’m terrified of being at home by myself. 我很害怕独自呆在家。
5. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉。
(1)with my bedroom light on为介词短语,在句中用作状语,表示伴随情况。
He walked out of the room with his coat on. 他穿着外套走出了房间。
6. Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends, but I just don’t have the time any more. (P14)在上高中之前,我常常花费大量时间和朋友们一起做游戏,但是如今我再也没有这样的时间了。
7. These days, I hardly ever have time for concerts. (P14) 现在,我根本没有时间去听音乐会。
(1)本句中的these days意为“现在,目前,如今”,相当于nowadays, at present。
We are not poor any longer these days. 如今我们不再贫穷了。
They still remember that old saying these days. 现在他们仍然记得那句古谚语。
(2)hardly用作副词,意为“几乎不”,相当于almost not,本身含有否定之意,修饰名词时,常和a或any连用。
I’m so tired that I can hardly walk any farther. 我太累了,简直不能再走下去了。
8. Now, I don’t mind them. (P14)现在我不介意它们了。
动词mind的基本含义是“介意,反对”,后面接名词或动名词。
He doesn’t mind closing the window. 他不介意关掉窗户。
9. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. (P15)俞梅似乎变化很大。
动词seem是“看起来像”,“似乎”的意思。
10. However, after his father’s death a few years ago, Martin’s life became much more difficult. (P16)然而,几年以前,在他父亲死后,马丁的生活变得更困难了。
本句中的dead意为“死的”,是形容词,表示“死的,无生命的”,常与be动词连用,指死的状态。
Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. (P18)我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔。
当主句的主语是第一人称I或we,谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess等词时,其后的从句不能是含有not的否定句;若要否定,须将not提到主句。在翻译时,按汉语习惯译作否定从句。例如:“我想他不会给你打电话的”应译为I don’t think he will give you a call而不是I think he won’t give you a call。
2. I disagree. (P19)我不同意。
I agree. (P19)我同意。
3. They talk instead of doing homework. (P19)他们会说话而不做作业。
本句中的instead of是复合介词,意思是“代替”,后面往往接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语, of后面的内容是被否定的。
I want that book instead of this one. 我要那本书而不是这本。
4. The other day, my friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. (P22)那天,我和我的朋友们谈论我们学校的各种规章制度。
the other day表示“几天以前,不久前的一天”。
I saw him in the street the other day. 不久前的一天,我在街上看到了他。
5. I know we get noisy sometimes, but we learn a lot from each other. (P22)我知道我们有时很吵,但是我们相互之间可以学到很多东西。
本句中的learn...from意为“向……学习”。
We used to learn English from Da Shan. 我们以前常常跟大山学英语。
6. I would like to reply to the article “Helping and Learning” in your last newsletter. (P23)我想回答你们上期简讯上“帮与学”这篇文章中的问题。
本句中的reply意为“回答,应答”,一般只用作不及物动词,后面与to连用,表示“回答别人的问题、话语、信件等”。
He didn’t reply to my letter. 他没有给我回信。
Unit 4 What would you do?
重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1. What would you do if you won a million dollars? (P26)假如你赢了一百万美元,你将用它做什么?
动词win和beat 都可以表示“赢,胜”,其区别是:前者后接比赛、奖品、名声、胜利、游戏、战役等;后者接人、队。
I was very glad when the boys won the relay race.
男同学们赢得了接力赛跑,我非常高兴。
2. If I were you, I’d wear a shirt and tie. (P27) 如果我是你,我就穿衬衫戴领带。
tie在这里是名词,意为“领带,带子”等。
He wore a blue tie.他打着蓝色的领带。
3. If you answered c for most questions, then you are probably pretty
confident. (P30)如果你大部分问题的答案都是c, 那么你可能相当自信。
(1)answer ...for questions意为“把问题回答成……”。
(2)probably 表示“很可能,或许”,语气较强,是有几分根据的推测或判断,含有可能性较大的意味,常位于行为动词前,情态动词、助动词或be动词后,有时也位于句首。
He can probably tell us the truth. 他很可能会告诉我们实情。
Unit 5 It must belong to Carla
重点、难点、考点及疑点注释
1. It must belong to Carla.(P34)它肯定是卡拉的。
belong to是“属于”的意思,后面常接人,这时句子的主语习惯是用物件名词或代词来充当。
This cell phone belongs to me. 这个手机是我的。
◎belong to常与物主代词进行句型替换。
These books belong to me.=These books are mine.这些书属于我的。
2. He was the only little kid at the picnic. (P34)他是野餐中惟一的小孩。
副词only一般放在它所修饰的词之前。它在句中的位置不同,句意也不同,大家千万要留意啊!
Only Tom drives the new car on Sunday.
只有汤姆在星期日开新车。(强调“只有汤姆而没有其他人”。)
好多啊,希望能帮到你啊!
⑼ 中考英语名词有哪些知识点,求系统梳理
A)、名词的数 我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下: 一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯 五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员 九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡 十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名词的格 当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下: 一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节 三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间) 2、代词 项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词 人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs these those themselves 3、动词 A) 第三人称单数 当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下: 一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes 五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has B) 现在分词 当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下: 一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于 4、形容词的级 我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下: 一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest 二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三) 以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远) good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest 5、数词 (基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y结尾,变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth 二、句式 1. ⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club? ⑥ 问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m.. What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock. When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00. ⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table. ⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue. What’s your favourite color? It’s black. ⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister. Who is the boy in blue? My brother. Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma. Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? ⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case. What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers. 11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen. What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben. What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith. 12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box. 13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f. 14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars. 15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349. 16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV. 17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher. What’s your father? He’s a doctor. 三、时态 1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有: Be 动词:She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker. 情态动词:I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano. 行为动词:They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes. Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch. 2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它. They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music. A)、名词的数 我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下: 一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯 五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同学, family家,家庭成员 九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸,卷子,论文, work工作 works作品,工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡 十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名词的格 当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下: 一)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s 二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节 三)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s, I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball. Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter. They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.