Ⅰ 初二英语语法知识重点总结
初二英语语法知识重点总结
一、知识强化
1.掌握本单元的重点词汇及句型。
2.谈论最好做某事和正确做某事,培养提高自己的交际能力。
3.正确使用should和ought to。
二、重难点知识讲解
1.First, we decided to elect the chief editor. 首先我们决定选出主编。
decide 动词,意为“决定”,常用结构:
decide (not) to do sth. 决定(不)做某事
decide on doing sth 决定做某事
decide + 疑问代词/副词+不定式 决定……
decide+从句 决定……
e.g.I decided to go to Beijing on Monday.
我决定星期一去北京。
He has decided on going for a trip next week.
他已决定下周去旅行。
He decided when to go to Beijing.
他已经决定了什么时候去北京。
We decided that we didn’t take part in the basketball match.
我们决定不参加篮球比赛。
2.We should choose Joyce because she has experience.
我们应该选乔伊斯因为她很有经验。
(1)experience n. 经验;经历
①经验(不可数名词)
e.g.He is a math teacher with 5 years’ experience.
他是一名有五年工作经验的数学老师。
②经历(可数名词)
e.g.It was a strange experience.
真是一次奇特的经历。
Please tell us your experiences in America.
请你告诉我们你在美洲的经历。
(2)experience v. 体验;经历
e.g.Our country has experienced great changes in the last thirty years.
我国在过去三十年经历了巨大变化。
3.Then we all voted for her. 然后我们都投票赞成(选乔伊斯为主编)。
vote for sb. 意为“投票赞成某人”。
e.g.I shall vote for Ben because he has experience.
我将投票选本因为他有经验。
Vote for Johnson—the people’s friend!
请投约翰逊一票——他是人民的支持者。
vote against 意为“投票反对”。
e.g.People vote against Henry.
人们投票反对亨利。
4.Then Joyce took charge of the meeting. 于是,乔伊斯主持会议。
take charge of意为“主管,主持;负责”。
e.g.Who will take charge of the meeting?
谁将主持这次会议?
She took charge of the family business after her father died.
父亲去世后,家务事全由她负责。
The department was badly organized until she took charge(of it).
这个部门在她负责管理以前组织工作做得很差。
5.Then the others voted for me. 于是其他人投票选我。
句中的the others指参加会议的除我以外的所有人即:Lucy, Joyce, Tony和Jessica。
辨析:other, the other, the others与another
(1)other表示“其他的”,表示泛指,没有特定的范围。
e.g.Lei Feng always helped other people.
雷锋总是帮助别人。(指其他的任何人)
(2)the other意为“另一个”,一般用于两者之间。其句型为:one…the other…一个……另一个……
e.g.The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, the other is a worker.
那位老人有两个儿子,一个是士兵,另一个是工人。
注意:the other和other后均可加名词,但意思有所不同,“the other+名词”表示一定范围内除一部分外其余的全部,而“other+名词”表示除去部分以后的另一些,但不是剩下的全部。
(3)the others 特指一定范围内的其余的全部人或事物。
e.g.I have three pencils. One is long, and the others are short.
我有三支铅笔,一支是长的,另外(两个)是短的。(代词)
(4)another表示三者或三者以上的其他任何一个,意为“再一;又一”。
e.g.Would you like another cup of tea?
你还要一杯茶吗?
6.You will be responsible for different sections of the paper.
你们将负责报纸的不同部分。
be responsible for意为“对……负责”。
e.g.Who is responsible for breaking the mirror?
镜子是谁打破的?
The bus driver is responsible for the passengers safety.
公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负责。
7.Should it be free for readers, or should they pay for it?
读者应免费阅读还是花钱购买呢?
辨析:pay, spend, cost与take
四个单词都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同。
(1)pay的基本用法是:
①pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买某物。
e.g.I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
我每个月要付给他们20英镑的房租。
②pay for sth. 付某物的钱
e.g.I have to pay for the lost book.
我不得不赔偿丢失的书款。
③pay for sb. 替某人付钱
e.g.Don’t worry! I’ll pay for you.
别担心,我会给你付钱的。
(2)spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构:
①spend time/ money on sth. 在某物上花费时间/ 金钱。
e.g.I spent two hours on this maths problem.
这道数学题花了我两个小时。
②spend time/ money(in)doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事。
e.g.They spent two years (in) building this bridge.
造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(3)cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,常见的用法如下:
①“sth. cost (sb.)+金钱”表示“某物花了(某人)多少钱”。
e.g.A new computer costs a lot of money.
买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
②“(doing)sth. cost(sb.)+时间”表示“(做某事)某物花了(某人)多少时间”
e.g.Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.
他花了大量的时间才记住了这些新单词。
(4)take 常见的用法有以下几种:
①“It takes/took sb.+时间+ to do sth. ”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”。
e.g.It took them three years to build this road.
他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。
②“doing sth. takes sb.+时间”表示“做某事花了某人多少时间”。
e.g.Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.
他花了一整下午修这辆小汽车。
8.Well, I usually try to get one for free from outside the library…
哦,我通常试图从图书馆外免费拿一份……
try to do sth.,意为“尽力、设法去做某事”,强调付出一定的努力或想方设法地去完成。
I’ll try to come early tomorrow.
我明天尽量早点儿来。
辨析:try doing sth. 意为“尝试着做某事”,不一定付出很大努力。
e.g.If you like, you can try watching it.
如果你喜欢,你可以试着看一下。
拓展:
①try/do one’s best to do sth.意为“尽某人全力去做某事”。
e.g.We should try our best to practice speaking English.
我们应尽力来练习说英语。
②try on意为“试穿”。
e.g.Can I try it on?
我可以试穿一下吗?
③try也可用作名词,意为“尝试”。
e.g.I can’t open this door—will you have a try?
我打不开这扇门——你来试试行吗?
9.I also have the habit of reading English for half an hour every morning.
我也有每天早上读半小时英语的习惯。
have the habit of doing…意为“有干某事的习惯”。
e.g.My mother has the habit of getting up early.
我妈妈有早起的习惯。
He has habit of smoking ring meals.
他有吃饭时吸烟的习惯。
10.Were you nervous before the speech? 在演讲前你紧张吗?
nervous意为“焦虑的,紧张的”,形容词作表语,可以与动词get/ feel,系动词be连用。
e.g.Don’t be nervous! The doctor just wants to help you.
别紧张!医生只是想帮助你。
I felt very nervous when I went into his office.
当我走进他的办公室时,我感到很紧张。
11.She was on her way to the library to return the books.
她正走在去图书馆还书的路上。
(1)the way to…意为“去……的路”。其中the可以用物主代词替换。如果表示地点的词是副词home, there, here等时,则不用介词to。way为名词,意为“路;道路”,其常用的搭配还有on one’s way to+n. 或on one’s way+adv.,意为“在去……的路上”。
e.g.I see some beautiful flowers on my may home.
在回家的路上,我看到一些美丽的花。
On my way to the school I met my head teacher.
上学路上我遇到了班主任。
(2)return在句中意为“归还”,相当于give sth. back.
e.g.Return the book to the library.
把书归还给图书馆。
12.but I haven’t felt lonely at all. 但我一点也不感到孤独。
(1)辨析:lonely与alone
①lonely一般只用作形容词,表示“孤单的,孤独的,寂寞的”,在句中既可作表语,又可作定语。lonely修饰物时,意为“荒凉的”。
e.g.When his wife and two little children left him, he was very lonely.
妻子和两个孩子离他而去后,他很孤独。
This is a lonely mountain village.
这是一个荒凉的小山村。
②alone作形容词时,意为“单独的,独自的;独一无二的”,通常只用作表语。用作副词,表示“独自地,单独地”之意,相当于by oneself。此外,alone用在名词或代词之后,意为“只有,唯有,仅仅”。
e.g.Tom alone knew what had happened.
只有汤姆知道发生了什么事。
③lonely指人孤独寂寞,或指地方荒无人烟,有浓厚的伤感色彩。alone表示“单独,独自一人”,不含感情色彩。
e.g.He doesn’t feel lonely though he lives alone.
尽管他独自生活,但他并不感到孤独。
(2)not…at all 意为“一点……也不;根本不”,是完全否定。
e.g.I don’t like it /them at all. 我根本不喜欢它(它们)。
He can not swim at all. 他根本就不会游泳。
She doesn’t love me at all. 她根本就不爱我。
三、语法点拨——should与ought to的用法
1.一般说来,两者可替换,只是ought to语气稍重。
e.g.You ought to (should) go and see Mary sometime.
你应该什么时候去看看玛丽。
The train ought to (should) have arrived at six.
火车本应该6点钟到的。
Such things ought not to be allowed.
这种事情是不允许的。
2.表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况而“应该”做某事时,一般应用ought to,若用should则含有个人意见,强调主观看法。
e.g.We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will.
明天我们按理应该去看看玛丽,但是我认为我们不会去(此句不宜用should)。
3.在公告、须知或条例中,出于礼貌,常用should。如:
e.g.You should not run alongside the swimming-pool.
不准在游泳池边奔跑。
Ⅱ 人教版初二英语上册知识点
[人教版]新目标英语八年级上册知识要点
Unit
1
How
often
do
you
exercise?
重点语法:频率副词
询问别人做某事的频繁程度
Unit
2
What's
the
matter?
重点语法:询问别人如何感觉
了解一些常见病的英文名称
Unit
3
What
are
you
doing
for
vacation?
重点语法:用现在进行时态表示一般将来时态
强调某个动作已经计划好即将按照计划去执行
Unit
4
How
do
you
get
to
school?
重点语法:询问别人做某事的方式
用
How
引导特殊疑问句
Unit
5
Can
you
come
to
my
party?
重点语法:询问并请求某人做某事
Unit
6
I'm
more
outgoing
than
my
sister.
重点语法:在两件或多件事物中进行比较
使用形容词的比较级和最高级
Unit
7
How
do
you
make
a
banana
milk
shake?
重点语法:询问做某事的过程用
how
引导特殊疑问句
分步回答用
first(首先),
next(接着),
then(然后),
finally(最后)
等时间副词引导从句。
Unit
8
How
was
your
school
trip?
重点语法:一般过去时态
Unit
9
When
was
he
born?
重点语法:一般过去时态
谈论着名人物
Unit
10
I'm
going
to
be
a
basketball
player.
重点语法:一般将来时态
do/does
的两种一般将来时态形式:will
do;be
going
to
do
Unit
11
Could
you
please
clean
your
room?
重点语法:委婉请求别人做某事
引导词用
can,
shall,
will
等情态动词的过去时态
Unit
12
What's
the
best
radio
station?
重点语法:在各事物间进行比较
用形容词的原形、比较级和最高级
OK?希望能帮到你啊!
Ⅲ 八年级英语知识点总结
人教版的(偶只学到了第6单元)
Unit1
要会描述出你最近经常干的事情,
语法没什么难的(最好把3a背会)
单词里注意hardly(否定词)
try(try
one's
best
to
do
sth尽某人最大的努力做某事、try
to
do
sth尽力做某事、try
doing
sth尝试做某事)
same(be
the
same
as...和..一样)
differen(be
different
from..
..与..不同)
although(不能与but连用)
Unit2
要会描述你的健康状况和给出建议(还是背3a)
单词没有什么特别重点的,背会掌握基本的用法
Uint3——5都比较简单,能背的都背,没什么坏处
Uint6是比较级注意比较级的构成6条,在P93
还有1.同级比较
A
is(be)
as
tall(adj.)
as
B
A和B一样高
2.比较级
and
比较级
It
gets
colder
and
colder
天气越来越冷了(...越来越...)
3.the
比较级...the
比较级
The
more
you
eat
,the
fatter
you
will
get
你吃的越多,你将长的越胖(越...越...)
4.倍数
比较级
than
My
room
is
three
times
bigger
than
yours
我的房间是你的4倍大
5.much/a
little等修饰限定比较级,表示程度
It's
much(a
little)colder
than
yesteyday
今天比昨天冷的多(一点点)
Ⅳ 求初二英语的知识点整理
十六种时态和他们的时间状语
1.一般现在时(do /does )
every day, every week , always ,usually, seldom ,never .
2.一般过去时(did )
yesterday , last week , ago ,the other day , just now, in the past , that day , from then on (不到现在)
3.一般将来时(will do )
Tomorrow ,this evening , next week , soon , at once , right away, in three minutes , just a moment.
4.过去将来时(would do )
the next day ,after three years ,three years later ,soon ,right away . (这些时间状语用于间接引语)
5.现在进行时(am /is /are doing)
now , just now , at the moment ,at present , always (带有感情色彩)
6 过去进行时(was /were doing )
at six yesterday evening ,from 7 to 9 yesterday evening ,at that time .
7 现在完成时(have /has done )
since , for some years , already , just , before, recently , so far , up till now , in the past few years , the last ten years .
8 过去完成时(had done )
by +过去时间, three years before , up to the end of last year
9 现在完成进行时(have /has been doing )
these days , all the morning , all day long ,all the year round
10 过去完成进行时(had been doing )
in those day , all day (这些时间状语用于间接引语)
11 将来进行时(shall/will be doing )
at 8 tomorrow morning , from 2 to 3 tomorrow afternoon
12 过去将来进行时(should /would be doing )
at 8 the next morning ,from 7 to 8 the next morning
13 将来完成时(shall /will have done )
by 2008
14 过去将来完成时(should /would have done )
by +将来时间(用于虚拟语气或间接引语), by the end of the next year
15 将来完成进行时(shall /will have been doing )
all tomorrow morning , all next week .
16 过去将来完成进行时(should /would have been doing )
all the next day , all the next week
几个时态的比较
1.did sth./have done sth.
Who has taken away my umbrella?
I can’t find it anywhere.
Oh, Sally took it away just now.
2.did sth./ had done sth.
We learned six passages last week.
We had learned six passages by the end of last week.
3.have been doing/have done sth.
They have repaired several cars.
They have been repairing cars.
下面还有资料
Ⅳ 初二上学期英语复习重点提纲(要精短的)
1.通读一本简明的英语语法书。
我国的大、中学的英语语法知识是分散开来教的,致使学生的语法学习只见树不见林,难以在头脑中形成完整的体系。建议同学们利用寒暑假等较长的一段时间通读一本简明的英语语法书。这样,同学们平时所学的零散知识就能系统化,这对于他们深刻理解英语语言的整个语法体系都能起到升华的作用。通读的另一个作用就是帮助学生熟悉该书的编写体系,日后需要查找某个部分时,就能比较容易翻到所需要的章节。在通读时,不要平均用力。比较简单或同学们掌握比较好的章节可以少花些时间;而重要的或掌握比较薄弱的章节,则要读慢一些,读细一些,读完之后要思考一下,要将书本知识化为自己的知识。现在国内出版的体系比较完整、知识比较全面的英语语法书有张道真编的《实用英语语法》、薄冰编的《新编英语语法》、薄冰、赵德鑫合编的《英语语法手册》等,同学们可以选读一本。
2.突破重点与难点。
语法知识涉及面很广,我们要分清主次,抓住主要矛盾,这样才能将时间和精力花在刀刃上。建议同学们要以以下3个方面为重点。(1)以句法为主。语法分为词法和句法两大部分。在这两部分中,应以句法为主,以句法带动词法,因为我们交际的基本单位是句子而不是单词。这就要求我们掌握好英语的基本句型。尽管 英语句子的数量是无限的,变化无穷无尽,形式繁简各异,但万变不离其宗,这个“宗”就是英语的7种基本句型。各种各样的英语句子经过分析解剖之后,都可归到这几个基本句型中。我们还要掌握基本句型的转换形式,如陈述句转换为疑问句、肯定句转换为否定句、主动句转换为被动句。我们还要熟悉基本句型的扩展手段,如添加定语或状语等修饰语;将句子成分由单词或短语扩展为从句,从而出现了名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等。如果我们掌握了英语的基本句型及其转换、扩展形式,我们也就掌握了英语语法的概貌。(2)注意特殊的语法结构。英语的常见结构比较容易掌握。但一些特殊结构,如倒装、分隔、省略、前移、后移、外置等,却使英语句子复杂起来,这些又是常考的项目,需要同学们多下些工夫。(3)重点掌握好“动词”的用法。在词法部分中,动词是关键,因为英语句子是以动词为聚焦点或中心的,且时态、语态、语气等都是在动词上体现出来的。
3.多做口、笔头练习。
实践证明,理解语法规则并不难,真正困难的是将语法规则得心应手地运用到语言实践中去,这就要求我们多做练习。可从3个方面进行练习:(1)书面练习。同学们要找理论与实践相结合的材料来读,读完理论讲解部分之后,即做练习。这样一方面可以复习和巩固所学的知识,另一方面可以检查自己掌握有关知识的情况。如果遇到困难的问题时,也不要马上去看答案。有困难就说明你还没有完全掌握所学内容,有必要重读有关章节。(2)口头练习。我们可能时常发现这种情况,话刚出口,自己就马上意识到犯了错误。产生这类错误的原因不是没有理解有关的语法规则,而是缺乏足够的练习。同学们可以从练习句型入手,一次选择一个语法项目,如主谓一致、时态、代词的用法等,反复练,一直练到不加思索张口就对为止。多参加一些真实的交际活动,比如同学间、师生间用英语会话,与外教交谈等,交谈时注意英语的正确性,随时纠正错误。(3)试着分析一 篇文章。当同学们对英语语法有了大概的掌握之后,就不妨试着分析一篇难度适中的文章,看各个句子是什么结构,各个句子成分是由什么表达的,各个词类或短语充当什么句子成分等。这是对同学们的语法知识的综合运用,也是对他们的语法知识的全面检验。如果对这篇文章的语法分析基本正确,他们的语法知识也就基本过关了。
新编英语语法教程》(学生用书)上海外文出版社出版
《新编英语语法教程》(教师用书)上海外文出版社出版
Ⅵ 初二英语语法知识点整理
中考重点句型
一、常使用动词不定式的短语
1、It’s time to do sth.\ It’s time for sth
该作某事的时候了.
2、can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事
3、ask /telle sb. (not ) to do sth.
要求/告诉某人(不)作某事
4、allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人作某事
5、be supposed to do sth. 应该作某事
6、Would like /want (sb.) to do sth. 想要作某事
7、have sth/nothing to do 有…时要做/与…无关
8、find it +adj. to do sth. 发觉作某事…
9、prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
宁愿作某事,而不愿作某事
10、It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.
作某事对某人来说…
11、It’s better /best to do sth. 最好做某事
12、It takes sb. sometime. to do sth.
某人做某事用了一些时间
二、常用动名词的短语
1、 enjoy /like /love doing sth. 喜欢做某事
2、 keep /keep on /carry on / go on doing sth.
继续做某事
3、feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
4、practise doing sth. 练习作某事
5、give up doing sth. 放弃作某事
6、be good at= do well in\on doing sth. 擅长作某事
7、pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事
8、what about/ how about doing sth.
….怎么样(好吗)?
9、Thank you for doing sth. 为…感谢某人
10、mind doing sth. 介意作某事
11、be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 、
被用来作某事
12、spend …(in) doing sth. 花时间作某时
13、be busy doing/ with sth. 忙于作某事
14、finish doing sth. 作完某时
15、look forward to doing. 盼望做某事
16、prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢…胜过…
17、be/get used to doing sth. 习惯作某事
18、keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth.
阻止某人作某事
三、省略动词不定式的短语
1、一看二听三使役
see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /listen to sb. do sth.
看见/听见/感觉/注意某人作某事
make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事
2、help sb. (to) do sth/ with sth.帮助某人作某事
3、 had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事
4、 Why don’t you/ not do sth.为什么不作某事
5、Would /Will / Could you please (not) do sth.
请你(不)作某事好吗?
四、 同义词比较
1、 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事
eg. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest.
2、 forget / remember to do sth.
忘记/记得要去作某事
forget / remember doing sth.
忘记记得曾经做过某事
eg. Please remember to bring my book to school.
I remember doing my homework
3、 used to do sth. 过去常常作某事
be used to do sth. 被用来作某事
be used to doing sth. 习惯于作某事
eg. My father used to smoke.
Wood is used to make paper.
I am used to getting up early.
4、So +be/助动词/情态动词 + 主语
…也一样
So +主语+be/助动词/ 情态动词
是呀,表示赞同别人的观点
Neither + be /助动词/ 情态动词+主语
…也不一样(用于否定句)
eg. He has been to Beijing. So have I.
It’s a fine day. So it is.
She doesn’t like eggs. Neither do I.
5、 too…to do sth. 太…而不能…
so +adj. /adv + that(从句) 如此…以致…
such +(a/an +adj.)+n.+ that(从句)
如此…以致…
(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth.
(对某人来说)做某事(不)够
eg. The boy is too young to go to school.
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school.
The boy is not old enough to go to school.
五、常考知识点
1、keep +adj. 保持…状态
keep (sb.) doing sth.
继续做某事/使某人老是做某事
eg. Everyone should keep our classroom clean.
It’s too late, but he still keeps working.
Lily always keeps us waiting for her.
2、make+ sb. + n. 使某人成为
make + sb. + adj. 使某人…
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
Sb. be made to sth. 某人被迫做某事
eg. We made Peter our monitor.
Books make us happy.
He often makes me laugh.
The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.
3、I don’t think that 我认为…不
eg. I don’t think you are right.
4、It’s /was/has been+ some time +since+一般过去时… 自从…以来有多久了
eg. It has been two years since we met last time.
6、 What do you mean by?=What does .. mean?=what is the meaning of...?
是什么意思?
eg. What do you mean by “computer”?=What does “computer” mean?=what is the meaning of "computer"?
7、 What do you think of…/How do you like …?
你认为…怎么样?
eg. What do you think of this film /How do you like this film?
8、 What is/was/will …be like? ..怎么样?
eg. What is the weather like?
What will the life in the future be like?
9、 It’s said/ reported that… 据说/据报道
It's well known that 众所周知
It's thought that 大家认为
eg. It’s said that the population of the word would be 6 billion in 2050.
10、one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数
…其中之一
eg. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
11、neither…nor… 既不…也不(两者都不)
either…or…要么…要么/或者…或者/不是…就是
not only…but also… 不但…而且
以上三个词做主语时,要用就近原则
eg. Neither you nor he has been to the USA.
Either he or you go to the park.
Not only my mother but also my father is a teacher.
neither of 两者都不
either of 两者选一
none of 没有一个
以上三个做主语时,谓语动词用单数
All of 全部 Both of 两者都
以上二个做主语时,谓语动词用复数
12、比较级+ than +any other +名词单数
…比其余任何一个…
比较级+ than + the other+名词复数
eg. Shanghai is bigger than any other city=shanghai is bigger than the other cities in China.
13、When(当…的时候), if (如果), as soon as(一…就), until(直到…才), unless(除非/如果…不)这几个词引导的时间或条件状语从句时,主句要用一般将来时.
从句一般现在时
eg. I will call you when he comes.
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic.
As soon as I get to Beijing, I’ll come to see you.
He won’t go to bed until his parents come back.
Unless you work hard, you won’t catch up with others.
Ⅶ 初中英语知识框架
初三:构建英语知识框架
梳理知识结构、构建知识框架是较好的学习方法之一。初三阶段,学习内容既深又广,不以构建框架式的学习方法可能会事倍而功半,达不到好的效果。如何构建英语知识学习框架?
一、巧妙识记单词
理解每一课的重点词汇、词组,用专门的小本子按词性、词意分门别类,列成条目,可随身携带,利用零碎的时间看一遍,让单词解决在不经意中。
二、及时梳理知识点
把每课中的知识点梳理归纳成句型,找出典型句,专门背上几个典型句,碰到类似的句子,可套用典型句,举一反三,学英语实际上就是套用句型;
三、理清语法规则
语法规则就是语言规则,是遣词造句的纲目,掌握了语法对理解有很大的好处,所以语法也不可轻视。每课的语法不会太多,一般一二条很容易掌握,第4单元的语法为动词不定式,只要把所学过的动词梳理一下,哪些动词接不定式,把动词列出来,加以练习就行了,如I want to be a doctor. He went to London for a holiday等。反复练习,就会巩固掌握,语法通常是和句型紧密联系的,练习语法的同时也巩固了句型,一举两得。
Ⅷ 初二英语知识点
I. 重点短语
1. on time 2. best wishes 3. give a talk 4. for example
5. short for 6. a waste of time 7. go on a field trip 8. go fishing 9. I agree
10. next week 11. the day after tomorrow 12. have a picnic
13. have some problems doing sth. 14. go the wrong way 15. hurry up
16. gettogether 17. in the open air 18. on Mid-Autumn Day 19. come over
20. have to
21. get home 22. agree with 23. in the country 24. in town 25. all the same
26. in front of 27. on the left/right side 28.nextto 29.upanddown
30.keephealthy 31.growup 32.atthesametime 33.thedaybeforeyesterday
35.lastSaturday 36.halfanhourago 37.amomentago 38.justnow
39.bytheway 40.allthetime 41.atfirst
II. 重要句型
1.havefundoingsth.
2.Whydo not you…?
3.We’regoingtodosth.
4.startwithsth.
5.Whynot…?
6.Areyougoingto…?
7.befriendlytosb.
8.You’dbetterdosth.
9.asksb.forsth.
10.saygoodbyetosb.
11.Goodluck(to sb)!
重点句型和短语
一、 have fun doing sth.
【句型介绍】 意为"做某事有乐趣",其中have fun 相当于enjoy oneself,表示过得愉快。
1. 英语中的集体名词,如family, class, team等作主语时,若作为一个整体看,其后的谓语动词用单数;若强调其组成成员,谓语动词用复数。如:
My family is a happy one. 我家是个幸福的家庭。
My family are all watching TV. 我们全家人都在看电视。
2. 在比较级中,要注意than后面人称代词的格。
1)当句子中的谓语动词是不及物动词时,than后面的代词用主格还是宾格,在意思上通常没有区别。如:
He runs faster than I / me. 他跑得比我快。
They get to school earlier than we / us every day. 他们每天都比我们到校早。
2)当句中的谓语动词是及物动词时,than后面的人称代词用主格还是宾格在意思上就有差别了。试比较:
I like you more than he. (=I like you more than he likes you.) 我比他更喜欢你。
I like you more than him. (=I like you more than I like him.) 你和他相比,我更喜欢你。
3. 不定式作定语时,应放在被修饰词的后面,一般指一个还没有发生的动作。如:
Do you have anything to say about this? 有关这件事你有没有什么要说的?
4. 在比较句型中,than后面的谓语动词常常省略。也可以用相应的助动词来代替与前面相同的谓语动词,以避免重复。如:
Tom does better at the lessons than I (do). 汤姆功课比我好。
She ate less than I (did) for breakfast. 她早饭吃得比我少。
5. You'd better ... 是You had better ... 的缩写形式。 had better 为固定短语,意为"最好......",后接动词原形,常用来提出建议或劝告,其否定形式是"had better not + 动词原形"。如:
You'd better not stay there too long. 你最好别在那里呆得太久。
We had fun playing computer games. 我们玩电脑游戏很愉快。
【句式比较】 have a good / nice / wonderful time doing sth. 做某事有乐趣
Did you have a good / nice / wonderful time visiting that country? 访问那个国家你们快乐吗?
【特别提醒】 句中fun为不可数名词,表乐趣,前面不能加不定冠词。
二、 But I don't know what to do.
【句型介绍】 疑问词 + 不定式可作主语、宾语或表语。
I don't know how to get her help. 我不知道怎样才能得到她的帮助。
Where to buy this kind of seed is unknown to me. 我不知道去哪儿购买这种种子。
My question is when to leave for Tokyo. 我的问题是什么时候去东京。
【句式比较】 疑问词 + 不定式可转换成连词(原疑问词)引导的主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。
I don't know where we can find her. 我不知道在哪儿能找到她。
How she will go there is still a secret. 她怎么去那里还是一个谜。
Her question is how she can pass the exam. 她的问题是她怎样才能通过这次考试。
【特别提醒】 疑问词 + 不定式转换成宾语从句时应用陈述语序。
三、 This is ... speaking.
【句型介绍】 该句为打电话用语,用来进行自我介绍,This代表我,speaking可以省去。
Hello! This is Tom (speaking). 你好,我是汤姆。
【句式比较】 Who is that (speaking)? 你是谁?that用来询问对方是谁,speaking可以省去。 Is that ... (speaking)? 你是......吗?that也用来询问对方是谁, speaking也可以省去。
This is Mary (speaking). Who is that (speaking)? 我是玛丽,你是谁?
Is that Jane (speaking)? 你是詹妮吗?
【特别提醒】 this不能换成I, that不能换成you。
四、 hear sb. / sth. doing
【句型介绍】 意为"听见某人 / 物正在做......",句中doing为现在分词作宾语补足语,表示动作正在进行,强调一个过程。
Just then I heard someone crying "Help! Help!" 就在那时,我听见有人在喊"救命啊!救命!"
【句式比较】 hear sb. / sth. do sth. 听见某人 / 物做某事,句中do为不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,表动作已经结束,强调一个结果。
I heard him sing three songs. 我听见他唱了三首歌。
hear sb. / sth. done听见某人 / 物被......,done为动词的过去分词作宾语补足语,强调被动。
Do you often hear this song sung by him? 你经常听见他唱这首歌吗?
【特别提醒】 在这些句型中的hear可换成see, feel, watch等感官动词。
一、 名词短语
a waste of time 浪费(白费)时间
field trip 野外旅游
the day after tomorrow后天
Terra Cotta Warriors 兵马俑
Thanksgiving Day 感恩节
on Mid-autumn Day / Festival 在中秋节
二、 动词短语
go fishing 去钓鱼
go boating 去划船
go hiking 去徒步旅行
go on a picnic 去野餐
trip over (被......)绊倒
hurry up 赶快
get home 回家
get together 相聚
agree with ... 同意......意见(想法);符合
ask for 请求;询问
come up 走近;发生;上来;流行
come over 过来;抓住
三、 介、副词短语
in the open air 在户外;在野外
on time 准时
at the front / back of 在前 / 后面
in front of 在......前面
in the country 在乡下
in town 在城里
on the left /right side 在左 / 右边
up and down 上上下下;来来回回
四、 其它短语
(not) ... any more再也不;不能再......
all the same 仍然; 还是
had better (do) 最好(做......)
八年级8-14单元重点句型
一、I'm sorry to hear that.
该句是对所听说的不幸事件的回答用语,含义为"真遗憾;听到那件事我很难过"。
1. I'm glad to hear that. 我真高兴听到那事。
二、be good for
意为"有益于......", for后面接名词。 be good to 对......友好;be good at 擅长......
She is always good to me. 她对我一直很友好。
She is good at singing popular songs. 她擅长唱流行歌曲。
三、ask sb. for sth.
意为"向某人要某物",sb.与sth.位置不得颠倒。
Can I ask you for help?你能帮帮我吗?
ask for sth. 要求得到某物;ask for sb.要求见某人
四、be born in
意为"出生于",后接地点状语或时间状语。
be born of出生于......家庭
It is said that he was born of a teacher's family. 据说他出生于教师的家庭。
五、good luck
good luck to sb. 祝......好运
六、get married to意为"和......结婚",强调动作,若不接宾语,应省to。
be married to "和......结婚",强调状态。
She was married to Li Ping. 她嫁给了李平。
值得注意的是,get married to属终止性动词短语,不可和表示时间段的状语连用,但be married to却可以,因为它是持续性动词短语。
七、Would you like to ... ?
该句用来提出请求,含义为"你愿意......吗",to后面接动词原形。
Would you like to give me some help?你愿意给我提供一些帮助吗?Will / Would you please ...?please后面应接动词原形,含义为"你愿意......吗"。
Will you please water these flowers?请你给这些花浇水,好吗?
Would you please give me some money?你给我点儿钱,好吗?
八、Thanks a lot for ...
该句为感谢用语,含义为"非常感谢......",也可说成Thank you very much for ..., for为介词,后面可接名词、代词、动名词。
] be thankful to sb. for sth.因某事对某人感激
I'm thankful to you for your kindness.感谢您的好意。
九、last from ... to ...
[句型介绍] 意为"从......持续到......",from和to后面均应接时间名词。
Our sports meeting will last from Friday to Sunday. 我们的运动会将从星期五持续到星期日。
Their summer camp will last from October 1st to November 1st. 他们的夏令营将从10月1日持续到11月1日。
go on to ... 延续到......
句型:1. Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,这些动词常见的有:appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如:
The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。
She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。
The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。
2. Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)
这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类:
(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如:
Several players lay flat on the playground.几个队员平躺在操场上。
We should remain modest and prudent any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。
This kind of food tastes terrible.这种食物吃起来很糟糕。
The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。
(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如:
Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。
Don't have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那种食物,已经变质了。
The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的。
3. Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时,句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是:名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如:
You can put the books in your bag.你可以把书放在书包里。
Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。
She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。
I prefer to make web pages.我更喜欢做网页。
4. Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”。如:
Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。
这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型:1)动词 + 宾语 + for sb.; 2)动词 + 宾语+to sb.。如:
Please show me your picture.
-Please show your picture to me.
请把你的画给我看一下。
I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don?t lose heart.
—I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.
只要你不失去信心,我会给你提供机会的。
5. Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)
这种句型中的宾语+ 补语可统称为“复合宾语”。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如:
Keep the children quiet, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。
He painted the wall white. 他把墙漆成白色。
We found him an honest person.我们发现他是一个诚实的人。
His mother told him not to play on the street.他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
注意:动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如:
The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。
Ⅸ 初二英语知识点归纳
初二英语知识点总结
1单元 snake robot 蛇形机器人
space station 太空站 seem possible 看起来可能
be able to (do) = can 能够
the World Cup 世界杯 2单元
look for 寻找 keep out 不让……进入
in the future 在未来,在将来 pay for 付款
come true (梦想)成为现实 Teen Talk 青少年论坛
go skating 去滑冰 in style 时髦的,流行的
fall in love with… 爱上 out of style 过时的
hundreds of 好几百,许许多多 all kinds of 各种,多种
be free 免费 on the one hand (在)一方面
in 100 years (用于将来时) 一百年后 on the other hand (在)另一方面
be in high school 上中学 as…as possible 尽可能…地
live alone 独自居住 =as…as sb can
go swimming 去游泳 get on with… 与…相处,进展
see sb do sth 看见某人做… have a hair cut 理发
over and over again 一次又一次 part-time job 兼职工作
get bored 厌烦 call sb up=ring sb up 打电话给……
space rocket 太空火箭 on the phone 在通话
electric toothbrush 电动牙刷 What’s the matter (with)? 怎么了?
computer programmer 电脑程序员 What’s wrong (with)? 怎么了?
live to be 200 years old 活到200岁 the same as… 与……同样的
(书上重要表达) complain about 抱怨……
will be… 将成为…… argue with… 与……争论
study on computer 在电脑上学习 surprise sb 使…惊奇
as a reporter 作为一名记者 borrow from… 向……借
keep a pet 养一只宠物 lend to… 把…借给…
ring the week 在一周期间 find out 发现,找出
wear a suit (uniform) 穿西装(制服) except me 除了我
at the weekend 在周末 do wrong 做错事
on vacation 在假期 under too much pressure 承受太多压力
predict the future 预测未来 take part in 参加
the head of a company 公司负责人 compare …with… 把…和…比较
need to do sth 需要做某事 (书上重要表达)
job interview 求职面视 enough money 足够的钱
science fiction movie 科幻电影 write sb a letter 给某人写信
just like… 就像…… a ball game 一场球赛
help with +名词 帮助做某事 talk about… 谈论…话题
make sb do sth 使某人做…… say sorry to… 向…说对不起
It’s easy for sb to do sth 做某事很简单 have a bake sale 卖烤点
wake up 醒来 buy….for…. 为…买…
get a tutor 请家教 get out of the shower 洗完澡
be popular at school 在学校受欢迎 sleep late 睡懒觉
everyone else 其他每个人 buy a souvenir 买纪念品
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 go into=enter 进入
fail the test 考试不及格 call the police 报警
return= give back 归还 at around ten o’clock 在十点左右
have a fight with… 同…大吵、打架 shop assistant 售货员
give some advice 提建议 the Museum of Flight 飞行博物馆
busy enough 足够忙 take a photo 照相
not…until 直到……才 walk around 四处走走
nothing new 没什么新鲜的 police officer 警官
seem to do sth 好象要做某事 a car accident 车祸
push a lot more 逼得更紧 event in history 历史事件
a mother of three 三个孩子的妈妈 in modern history 在现代史上
know about… 知道,了解…… everyday activity 日常活动
find it+形容词 to do sth 发现做某事很… at that time=then 在那时
think for oneself 为自己考虑 ask sb to do sth 叫…做某事
plan the life 计划生活 in silence=silently 沉默地
learn to do sth=study to do 学习做某事 be born 出生
a bit=a little 一点 have meaning to sb 对…有意义
organized activity 有组织的活动 national hero 民族英雄
by oneself 靠某人自己
after-school club 课外俱乐部 4单元
get over 克服、恢复
3单元 sea level 海平面
come in 进来 Chinese Young Pioneer 中国少年先锋队
World Trade Center (WTC) 世界贸易中心 do well in=be good at 在…方面擅长
as…as… 和……一样 pass on 传递
take place=happen 发生 first of all 首先
hear about 听说 report card 成绩单
take off 起飞;脱下 in good health 身体健康
get out 出去,离开 open up 打开
barber shop 理发店 be supposed to 被期待,被要求
run away 逃跑,跑掉 care for 照料,照顾
in front of 在…前面 senior high school 高中
in the front of 在…前部 the Ministry of Ecation 教育部
walk down the street 沿着街走 be mad at=be angry at 对……很生气
an unusual experience 一次不寻常经历 not…anymore 不再…
Beijing International Airport 北京国际机场 end-of-year exam 期末考试
in space 在太空中 have a favor 帮忙
all over the world 全世界 get nervous 变得紧张
train station 火车站 disappointing result 令人失望的结果
(书上重要表达) one’s homework 抄袭作业
(书上重要表达) play party games 玩聚会游戏
have a surprise party 举行惊喜派对 study for the test 为考试复习
drinks and snacks 饮料和零食 ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事
the next day 第二天 ID card 身份证
How is it going? 一切还好吗? travel around the world 环球旅游
have a hard time with… 对…感到头痛 get an ecation 受教育
have a big fight 大吵一架 might seem like 似乎好象……
forget to do sth 忘记做…(没做) a dream job 理想的工作
It’s right for sb to do sth 做…是正确的 all over the world 全世界
start a bad habit 养成坏习惯 make life difficult 使生活变得困难
poor mountain village 贫困山区 get injured 受伤
change one’s life 改变…的生活 have a difficult time doing sth 做某事很难
the peking University 北京大学 real friend 真朋友
rural area 农村地区 in fact 事实上
make sb feel sick 使某人不舒服 class party 班会
agree with… 同意…… laugh at sb 嘲笑某人
need to do sth 需要做某事 dye the hair 染发
three times a day 一日三次 past tense 过去时
school dormitory 学校校舍 watch out 留神、小心
outside world 外界
finish doing sth 完成做某事 6单元
volunteer teacher 志愿者老师 by the way 顺便说一句
mother earth 地球母亲 far (away) from… 距离…很遥远
be in danger 在危险之中 run out of 用完,用尽
more than=over 比…多;多于
5单元和1-5单元复习 be interested in… 对……感兴趣
take away 拿走 the Olympic Games 奥运会
make a living 谋生 Hilltop School 山顶学校
around the world 全世界 raise money for charity 为慈善筹钱
all the time=always 总是,一直 a pair of skates 一双溜冰鞋
mobile phone 移动电话,手机 go native 入乡随俗
in order to… 为了…… do (try) one’s best 尽某人最大努力
let in 允许进入 go together 相配;调和
remind …of… 使人想起…… let sb know 让某人知道
be hurt badly 严重受伤 inline skating 纵列式溜冰
make money 挣钱 probably=maybe=perhaps 也许
look up to 尊敬 have sth done(过去分词) (请别人)做某事
charity event 慈善事件 polar bear 北极熊
professional athlete 职业运动员 three and a half years 三年半
(书上重要表达)
wear jeans 穿牛仔裤 (书上重要表达)
take a bus to…… 坐公车去…… collect the stamps 集邮
help sb do sth 帮助某人做…… skating marathon 滑冰马拉松
several=a few 几个 pay a big fine 赔款
be the first one to do sth 第一个做某事 throw away 扔掉
snow globe 雪球 argue about… 为……而争论
anyone else 其他任何人 sell out 卖完
start a club 建立一个俱乐部 five times the price 价格的5倍多
tell sb about… 告诉某人关于某事 (书上重要表达)
fly a kite 放风筝 do the dishes 洗碗
music video 音乐录影带 look terrible 看起来很糟糕
talent show 天才表演 move the car 挪挪汽车
Heilongjiang Province 黑龙江省 help…with(名词) 帮助某人做某事
colorful history 多彩的历史 finish the task 完成任务
European influence 欧洲风格的影响 clothing store 服装店
in Russian style 俄罗斯风格 order a hamburger 预订个汉堡包
Song Emperor 宋朝皇帝 shop assistant 售货员
western history 西方历史 follow sb around=go after sb 跟着某人转
The more…, the more… 越…,就越…… English-speaking country 说英语的国家
learn about… 学习…… social behavior 社交行为
have problem with… 在…上有问题 be useful to do sth 做某事很有用
be close to… 靠近……
7单元 in all situations 在各种场合下
no problem 没问题 feel uncomfortable 感到不舒服
wait in line 排队等候 even if 即使,就算
keep…down 压低声音,使缓和 be with sb 和…在一起
pick up 捡起 It’s better to do sth 最好做某事
break the rule 违反规则 public place 公共场合
take care=be careful 当心,小心 in public 在公共场所里
put out the cigarette 熄灭香烟 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做…
at first (反) at last, finally 首先(反)最终 see sb do(doing) sth 看见某人做…
cut in line 插队 give sb a suggestion 给某人提建议
turn down (up) 关小(开大) take the suggestion 接受建议
not at all 根本不;一点也不 drop litter 扔垃圾
Would you mind (not) doing sth 你介意(不)…吗?
Could you please (not) do sth 请(不要)…好吗 8单元
turn on/off 开(关) fall asleep 入睡,睡着
right away =in a minute 立刻 give away 赠送,分发
=at once make friends with sb 与……交朋友
at a meeting 在开会 hear of… 听说……
hair stylist 发型师,美容师 the Olympics 奥运会
get annoyed 变得气恼 the Olympic Committee 奥委会
get married 结婚 take an interest in… 对……感兴趣
get mad 变得激动 photo album 相册
get angry 变得生气 rather than… 胜于;(与其),不如
happen to sb 某人发生某事 make progress 取得进步
these days=now 现在,目前 gone to… 已去某地(途中)
too…to… 太…以致于不能… get some exercise 锻炼
give up doing sth 放弃做某事 It takes forty minutes 花了40分钟
give…to… 给某人…… Neither have I=me neither 我也没有(去)
stage manner 舞台台风 get to=reach=arrive in(at) 到达
native speaker 说本族语的人 take a lesson=have a lesson 上课
learn by heart 用心记住 (书上重要表达)
look up (在书中)查询 water park 水上乐园
for a while 暂时,一会儿 space museum 太空博物馆
an 80-year-old grandmother 一位80岁的外婆 take the subway 坐地铁
China Radio International 中国国际广播电台 Mickey mouse 米老鼠
(书上重要表达) Donald Duck 唐老鸭
get sb sth=buy sth for sb 给某人买…… Disney character 迪士尼卡通人物
How about=what about ……怎么样? theme park 主题公园
Why don’y you do sth? 为什么不做…呢 be themed with… 被冠以…主题
Why not do sth? (同上) walk around 四处走走
special enough 足够特别 Disney Cruise 迪士尼巡游
pot-bellied pig named Connie 取名叫科尼尔的猪 take a ride 搭乘……
eat a lot 吃得多 just like… 就像,正如
keep a pet 养宠物 take different route 走不同线路
pay for=spend for 为……付钱 exchange student 交换生
learn to do sth=study to do 学习做某事 flight attendant 空中乘务员
improve English 提高英语 language school 语言学校
enter a contest 参加比赛 such as=for example 例如
as well as… 和……一样好 listening skill 听力技巧
age group 年龄组 Southeast Asia 东南亚
win the prize 赢得奖金 take a holiday 度假
encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 have problem doing sth 做某事有困难
have fun with… 做…很有乐趣 foreign country 外国
find out 找出,发现 ring the daytime 在白天
find a way to do sth 找到做某事的方法 wake up 醒来,唤醒某人
be awake 醒着的
9单元 natural environment 自然环境
end up 结束 It’s best to do sth 做好做某事
on board 在船上 10单元
have a great time 玩得愉快 look through 浏览
amusement park 娱乐园 come along=appear 出现,发生
tour guide 导游 get along=get on with… 相处
three quarters 四分之三 at least (反) at most 至少(反)最多
Night Safari 夜间野生动物园 have a small talk=chat 闲聊
all year around 全年,一年到头 opening question 开场白问题
roller coaster 过山车 thank-you note 感谢信
(ever) been to… 曾经去过某地 cross the busy street 穿越繁忙的大街
have a wonderful time 过得愉快 show sb around 带某人参观某地
be friendly to sb 对某人友好 show the way 指路
be happy to do sth 很高兴做某事 have a hard time doing 做某事很困难
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 make it easy to do sth 使做某事容易
have a family dinner 家庭聚餐 go with sb 同某人一起去
look both side 看两边 win the game 赢得比赛
(书上重要表达) dining room 食堂、饭厅
Franklin Lake 弗兰克林湖 holiday job 假期短工
by noon 到中午之前 review=go over 复习
I hope so 但愿如此 opposite word 反义词
wait to do sth 等着做某事 decide to do sth 决定做某事
baby sister=younger sister 妹妹 meet friends 会见朋友
feel like doing=want to do sth 想做某事