初二英语上册各个单元知识点总结

‘壹’ 八年级上册英语的第一二单元的知识点，要全

第一单元是How often do you exercise
问频率
1. How often do you exercise?
Once a day.
2. What does she usually do on weekends?
She usually watches TV.
3. How many hours do you sleep every dayl1. 表频率副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never
2. once a week 一周一次，
twice a year 一年两次
three times a week 一周三次
four times a month 一个月四次
3. all, most, some, no
4. be good for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有益
be bad for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有害
5. want to do sth. 想要做某事
want sb. to do sth. 要某人做某事
6. as for 至于
7. try to do sth. 尽量做某事
8. of course = certainly = sure 当然
9. look after = take care of 照顾
10. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康11. exercise = take exercise = do sports 锻炼
12. although = though 虽然
13. be the same as 与什么相同 be different from 不同
14. how often 多久一次
15. most of the students = most students
16. get good grades 取得好成绩
17. some advice 中的 advice 是不可数名词
18. keep/ be in good health 保持健康
19. shop = go shopping = do some shopping 购物
20. surf the internet 上网
21. a lot of = lots of 许多
22. health n. healthy adj. healthily adv., unhealthy adj.
23. different adj. difference n. 可数第二单元是What's the matter Nine hours1. 看病用语
① What`s the matter (with sb.)? 怎么了？
= What`s the trouble (with sb.)?
= What`s wrong (with sb.)?
= Is there anything wrong (with sb.)?
② I`m not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服。
= I`m feeling ill/ sick. = I feel terrible/ bad.
= I don`t feel well
③I have a stomachache 我胃痛
= I have got a stomachache
= There is something wrong with my stomach
= My stomach hurts
= I have (got) a pain in my stomach④ When did it start?什么时候开始的？
⑤ You should drink more water. 表建议
You shouldn`t eat more.
2. That`s a good idea. 好主意。
That`s too bad. 太糟糕了。3. I have no idea. = I don`t know. 我不知道。
4. I`m sorry to hear that. 听到此事我很难过l1. 身体各部位名称 P7 1a
2. 情态动词should 与 shouldn`t 表建议
3. have a cold/ stomachache/ toothache/ fever/ sore throat
4. see a dentist/ doctor
5. soon 一会儿
6. feel 觉得，get 变, stay 保持, keep 保持，
sound 听起来是系动词，常和形容词连用。如：feel happy, get tired, stay / keep healthy
7. lie down 躺下
8. for example 例如9. too much 太多+不可数名词
too many 太多+可数名词
much too 太+形容词
10. stressed out 压抑；筋疲力尽
11. It`s + 形容词 + to do sth. 做某事怎么样。
12. a few 一些，修饰可数名词
a little 一些，修饰不可数名词
few 少许，修饰可数名词，表否定
little 少许，修饰不可数名词，表否定
13. at the moment = now 此刻，常和现在进行时连用
14. neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进
15. I think so. 我认为如此。
16. tooth n. 复数形式 teeth

‘贰’ 八年级上册英语第二单元知识点总结

Unit 2 what’s the matter?
一．重点短语归纳
1. foot---feet 脚 <复> tooth---teeth 牙齿 <复>
2. have a cold 感冒
3. have a stomachache 胃疼
4. have a sore back背疼
5. have a sore throat喉咙疼
6. have a fever发烧
7. lie down and (have a)rest 躺下休息 have a rest 休息
8. hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶
9. see a dentist 看牙医 see a doctor 看医生
10.drink lots of water多喝水
11.lots of ,a lot of, a lot
a lot of=lots of，可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，一般用在肯定句中。：
There are lots of （ a lot of） books in our library.
There is a lot of water on the ground
a lot,是一个副词词组，跟动词连用；表示十分，很等意思； Thanks a lot.
12. have a toothache牙疼
13. That’s a good idea好主意
14. go to bed 去睡觉 go to bed early 早上床睡觉
15. feel well感到好 feel ill 感到不舒服
I don’t feel well= I’m not feeling well
我感觉不舒服.
16. start doing/ to do sth开始做某事
TO DO 是一件事情完成了，开始做另外一件事情
DOING是原来的那件事情做到一半，现在又开始做了，是同一件事情。
17. two days ago两天前
18. get some rest 多休息, 休息一会儿
19. I think so我认为是这样
20. be thirsty口渴
21. be hungry 饥饿
22. be stressed out紧张
23. listen to music听音乐
24. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
25. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医
26. need to do sth 需要做某事
I have a toothache. I need to see a dentist. 我牙痛, 我需要去看牙医.
We need to keep our classroom clean. 我们需要保持教室的干净.
27. a balance of yin and yang阴阳平衡
28. for example例如
29. too much yin太多的阴, 阴气太盛
too much + 不可数名词 太多的…
much too +形/副 实在太… 极其，非常
too many + 可数名词复数 太多的…
30.be good for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有益 ，对什么有好处
be bad for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有害
be good to 对…好
be good at =do well in 在……方面好，擅长
be good(bad) for、be good at的相关用法
1.be good for 对......有益
Doing morning exercises is good for your health.
做早操对你们的建康有益。
2.be good at 擅长于......
Li Ping is good at basketball.李平擅长于篮球。
= Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅长于打篮球。
be good at = do well in 如：
I\'m good at math. = I do well in math.我擅长于数学。
3.be good to 对......好
Parents are always good to their children.父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。 31.get good grades 取得好成绩
32.angry 用法 be angry with sb生某人的气
I was angry with him for keeping me waiting. 我对他很生气，因为他让我等了好久。
be angry at/ about sth 就某事生气
33.Chinese medicine 中药
34.be popular in + some place 在某地很流行
Chinese medicine is now popular in many western countries. 现在中药在许多西方国家受欢迎。
35.in western countries在西方国家
36.It’s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。 It’s important to do sth . 做某事很重要。
37.balanced diet平衡饮食
38.get tired 感到疲倦 be/get tired
39.go out at night在晚上出去
When you are tired, you shouldn’t go out at night. 疲倦时，晚上你不该外出
40.stay healthy 保持健康 =keep healthy=keep in good health
41.at the moment此时，此刻= now
I’m not feeling very well at the moment
42.enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth
enjoy oneself (myself, yourself,herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代词) 玩得高兴，过得愉快=have a good time = have a wonderful time =have fun
43. conversation practice会话练习
44. host family 寄宿家庭
45. have a lot of headaches经常疼痛
I’m tired and I have a lot of headaches. 我很疲劳，而且经常头痛。
46. a few + 可数名词复数 少许…
a little + 不可数名词/形/副 一点…
47.He shouldn’t eat anything
=He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西.
48.give sb some advice给某人建议give advice 提出建议
advice 是不可数名词
a piece of advice 一则建议 take one’s advice 采纳或听从某人的建议
He gave me some good advice.
他向我提了一些很好的意见。
49.sleep 8 hours a night每晚睡眠八小时
50.take medicine 吃药 服药
I have to take medicine three times a day for my cold.因为感冒，我不得不一天吃三次药。
二 固定结构
It’s +形 + for sb. + to do sth.
做某事对某人来说是…的。
It’s important to do sth .做某事很重要。
It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet. 平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.
It’s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。
It’s easy for us to find out the answer. 找出答案对我们来说是容易的
三．重点句子
1.What’s the matter ? What’s the mater with you ? 你怎么啦？
=What’s the trouble with you?=What’s wrong with you?
I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache
2.That’s too bad. You should / shouldn’t … 那太糟糕了. 你应该/不该…
You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor .
He shouldn’t eat anything = He should eat nothing. 他不应当吃任何东西.
3.I’m not felling well . 这里well表示身体状况，不能用good代替
I don’t feel well= I’m not feeling well 我感觉不舒服.
4.When did it start ? About two days ago . 什么时候开始的？大约两天前
5.I hope you fell better soon . 我希望你很快好起来
这里better是well的比较级
6.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy. 传统中医认为我们需要阴阳调和以保持身体健康。
这里 to be healthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语
7.You should eat hot yang foods, like beef. 你应该吃一些像牛肉之类的阳性食物。
8.Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this.
吃党参和黄芪等草本植物也对这有好处。
9.People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.
太紧张易怒的人或许吃了太多的阳性食物。too much后跟不可数名词，而too many后跟可数名词复数
10.It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and it’s important to eat a balanced diet . 有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。
→ It’s easy to do sth . 做某事容易 / It’s important to do sth . 做某事重要
11.You should rest for a few nights. 你应该休息几个晚上
12.I study late every night, sometimes until 2 am, but I don’t think I’m improving.
我每天晚上学到很晚，有时到凌晨2点钟，但我认为我没有提高。
13believe in 信任某人，强调品质，believe sb.相信某人的话
I believe him, but I can’t believe in him. 他的话是真的，但是我不信任他这个人。
14 .I have a toothache . I need to see a dentist .
→ need意思为 “需要” ，作实义动词时，后跟动词不定式，否定式为don’t /doesn’t / didn’t need (to do sth.) ；作情态动词时，只能用于否定句或疑问句中，否定式为needn’t(do sth.) ，除有过去式外，没有其它的形态变化
四．知识结构
○1.情态动词should的用法
should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为\"应该......\"。
should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。
eg. You should wait a little more.
你应该再多等一会儿。
--- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。
--- You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。
○2maybe与may be
1.maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：
Maybe he can answer the question.也许他能回答那个问题。
He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
2.may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是......”。如：
He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。
She may be our English teacher.她可能是我们的英语老师
○3too many,too much与much too
1.too many意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。如：
There are too many students in our class.我们班上有太多的学生。
2.too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。如：
We have too much work to do. 我们有太多的工作要做。
3.much too表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：
The box is much too heavy, so I can\'t carry it.
箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。
○4 few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系：
1.few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few表示有肯定意思， 有几个。 例如：
He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。
There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。
2.little / a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意思，没有，几乎没有。
a little 表示肯定意思，有一点儿。 例如：
There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink?
我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？
○5 not…until 直到 …(否定句) 才，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词
She didn’t leave until we came.
He went shopping after he got up.
=He didn’t go shopping until /before he got up.
……until/till 直到••• （肯定句）动词为延续性动词
We stayed here till/until 12 o’clock.

‘叁’ 八上英语知识点梳理

一、情态动词
Can Could May Might Shall Sshould Will Would Must Need各自的用法
二、一般将来时
Be going to+do/ will + do
概念 结构 回答 否定形式 疑问形式
三、翻身代词
形式 用法
四、一般过去时和过去进行时
定义和结构 用法
五、形容词和副词的比较级
重点：变化规则 不规则形容词的比较级
六、感叹句
How+形容词+…
What+名词+…
七、附加疑问句

（一）
一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。
be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain.
will do 结构表示将来的用法：
1. 表示预见
Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest.
2. 表示意图
I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本构成如下：
一般疑问句构成：
（1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?
（2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t
否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do
Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑问句构成：
特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday?
根据例句，用will改写下列各句
例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow）
I’ll be better tomorrow.
1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight）
_____________________________
2. I’m tired now. （sleep later）
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon）
_____________________________
4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later）
_____________________________
5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow）
_____________________________
答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight.
2. I’ll sleep later.
3. They’ll buy one soon.
4. We’ll leave a little later.
5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow.

（二）should的用法：
should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not.
例如：I think you should eat less junk food.
我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。
She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.
她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。
Students shouldn’t spend too much time playing computer games.
学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。
学习向别人提建议的几种句式：
（1）I think you should…
（2）Well, you could…
（3）Maybe you should …
（4）Why don’t you…?
（5）What about doing sth.?
（6）You’d better do sth.
用should或shouldn’t填空
1. I can’t sleep the night before exams.
You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed.
2. Good friends ______ argue each other.
3. There is little milk in the glass. We _______ buy some.
4. They didn’t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier.
5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _______ do exercises every day.
答案：1. should 2. shouldn’t 3. should 4. should 5. should

（三）
过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。
1. 构成
was /were + doing，例如：
I was watching TV at 9 o’clock last night.
at 9 o’clock last night是时间点
They were playing football all afternoon.
all afternoon是时间段
2. 过去进行时的标志词
at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如：
I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.
昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。
At that time she was writing a book.
那阵子她在写一本书。（表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。）
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. This time yesterday I ____ ______（read）books.
2. At 9 o’clock last Sunday they ______ ______（have）a party.
3. When I _____（come）into the classroom, she ________ ______（read）a storybook.
4. She _____ ______（play）computer games while her mother ____ ______（cook）yesterday afternoon.
5. I _____ ______（have）a shower when you _______（call）me yesterday.
答案：1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading
4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called

（四）
间接引语
形成步骤：
（1）不要逗号，冒号，引号
（2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一致的）
（3）要考虑时态的变化
（4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。
1. 直接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
2. 直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律
直接引语
1. am / is
2. are
3. have / has
4. will
5. can
6. may 间接引语
1. was
2. were
3. had
4. would
5. could
6. might
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. She said I _____（be）hard-working.
2. Peter told me he _____（be）bored yesterday.
3. She said she _____（go）swimming last Sunday.
4. Bobby said he _____（may）call me later.
5. Antonio told me he _____（read）a book then.
答案：1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading

请转述他人说的话：
1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom）
2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy）
3. I will call you tomorrow. （Mike）
4. I’m having a surprise party for Lana. （she）

（五）
if引导的条件状语从句
结构：if＋一般现在时，主语＋将来时
含义：如果……，将要……
例如：If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你请求他，他会帮助你。
If need be, we’ll work all night.
如果需要，我们就干个通宵。
根据中文提示，完成句子。
1. 如果你参加聚会，你将会过得很开心。
If you ________ the party, you __________.
2. 如果明天下雨，我们将不去野餐。
If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.
3. 如果你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语的。
If you often ________, you _________________.
答案：
1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time
2. If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the picnic
3. If you often listen to English songs, you’ll like English

‘肆’ 八年级上册英语第一单元到第十二单元的重点词汇总结，要详细一点的，拜托大家了。

人教的嚒？我只有人教的···
Unit 1How often do you exercise
Section A
一、重点单词和短语。
exercise v.＆n.运动；锻炼eg:You’re getting fat.You should exercise more.你变胖了。你应该多运动。
【用法聚焦】⑴作动词，意为“运动；锻炼”。eg:He exercises twice a day.他每天锻炼两次。⑵exercise作不可数名词时，意为“锻炼；运动”；作可数名词时，意为“体操；练习”。eg: If you don’t take more exercise,you’ll get fat.如果你不多锻炼，你将会变胖。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有益。
hardly adv.几乎不；几乎没有eg:Mary is hardly ever late.玛丽几乎从不迟到。
【用法聚焦】⑴在反意疑问句中，含有hardly的句子为否定语气，所以后面的疑问部分用肯定语气。eg:She hardly eats anything,does she?她几乎什么都不吃，是吗？⑵注意hardly在句子中的位置。放在主语之后,实义动词之前。当hardly用于句首作状语时，要用倒装语序。eg:Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.我们刚到乡间就开始下雨了。
【辨析】hardly和hard
①hard既可作形容词也可作副词。作形容词时，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；作副词时，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。eg:He had a hard life in the past.他过去过着艰难的生活。This ground is too hard to dig.这块地太硬挖不动。Study hard,and you’ll succeed.努力学习,你就会成功。②hardly是副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”。eg:She hardly studies,so she fails in the exam.她从不学习,因此考试不及格。almost和否定词的组合可与hardly互换。eg:There is hardly any water left= There is almost no water left.几乎没有剩余的水了。
ever adv.曾；曾经eg:He is ever ready to help others.他是一个活雷锋。
【用法聚焦】⑴多用于否定句、疑问句、条件状语从句中，放在主语之后,实义动词之前，相当于at any time。eg:Have you ever climbed a mountain?你曾爬过山吗？⑵ever用于书信末尾的客套语中，表示亲切并且不拘礼的表达。如：Yours ever...你永远的……。
once adv.一次eg:I go to see a film once a week.我每周看一场电影。
【用法聚焦】⑴常用于讲故事,相当于long long ago。⑵用来表示频率。如：once a year；once a week；once a month等。⑶常见的短语有：at once 立刻；once again再一次。
【拓展】在英语中一次为once；两次为twice；三次及以上用“基数词+times”表示。
twice adv.两次;两倍eg:Twice two is four.二二得四。
【用法聚焦】⑴表示倍数。eg:This room is twice as large as that one.这间屋子比那间大一倍。⑵表示频率。eg:He goes to Shanghai twice a year.他一年去两次上海。⑶twice表示“两次”时,不和time连用。在表示“一两次”时,要用or连接。即：once or twice。但“两三次”用two or thre times表示。
time n.次；次数eg:I’ve been to Beijing three times.我去过北京三次。
【用法聚焦】⑴time作可数名词时，意为“次；次数”；作不可数名词时，意为“时间”。eg:What time is it?几点了？⑵time作名词也可以当“倍数”讲。eg:Yours is three times the size of mine.你的比我的大两倍。⑶作动词时，当“乘”讲。eg:Three times four is twelve. 三乘四等于十二。
result n.结果；成果eg:The result is quite unexpected.结果是让人难以预料。
【用法聚焦】⑴result 可作动词。eg: Success results from hard work.成功来自辛苦工作。⑵常用短语：as a result of作为……结果。eg: He was late for school as a result of the snow.由于下雪，他上学迟到了。the results for…结果(是)……。eg:The results for “watch TV” are interesting.
as for关于；至于eg: As for him，I never want to see him here.至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。
【用法聚焦】as for后面常跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。其位置比较灵活，既可置于句首，也可置于句中，常用逗号将其与句子隔开。eg:I drink milk every day. As for fruit，I try to eat more.我每天喝牛奶。至于水果，我尽量多吃。
hardly ever 几乎从不,很少eg:He hardly ever appears in public.他很少在大庭广众下出现。
【用法聚焦】⑴hardly ever 不能与否定动词连用。⑵hardly...when意为“刚……就……”。⑶常见短语：hardly any几乎没有；think hardly of把……想得很坏。
Section B ＆Self check
一、重点单词和短语。
drink v.喝；饮eg:I drink a glass of milk every morning.我每天早晨喝杯牛奶。
【用法聚焦】⑴drink作动词，其后常接茶、水、牛奶、啤酒等饮料名词。⑵drink还可作名词，意为“饮料”，是可数名词，多用复数。eg:There are many kinds of drinks in the fridge.冰箱里有很多种饮料。
health n.健康；健康状况eg:Health is better than wealth.健康胜于财富。
【用法聚焦】⑴其形容词是healthy健康的；副词是healthily健康地。⑵相关的短语：be in good/poor health身体好（不好）；drink sb.’s health举杯祝某人健康。
difference n.不同；区别；差异eg:There are many differences among brothers and sisters.一母有百子,个个都不同。
【用法聚焦】⑴difference 是可数名词。eg:There are many differences between the twins.这对双胞胎有很大差别。⑵它的形容词为different不同的；常用短语：be different from与……不同。eg: His pen is different from mine.他的钢笔和我的不一样。
grade n.分数；成绩eg:You will get good grades if you study hard.如果努力学习，你会得好成绩。
【用法聚焦】⑴grade是个可数名词，复数为grades。⑵grade还可意为“年级”。注意在表示几年级时首字母要大写。eg:I am in Grade 1.我在一年级。
although conj.虽然;即使;纵然eg:They are generous although they are poor.尽管他们穷,却很慷慨大方。
【用法聚焦】althoug意为“虽然；即使”，相当于though，引导让步状语从句。eg:Although he is old, he is quite strong.虽然他老了，但却十分强壮。但如果句中有but时，就不能再用although 或though。eg:It is raining,but they keep on climbing the hill.尽管天在下雨，他们仍然去爬山。
【辨析】although和though
although和though作连词时的区别较小，though多用于非正式语体中。另外though还可作副词，although不可以。eg:He said he would come,he didn’t,though.他说他要来，可是并没有来。
must modal v.必须eg:I must finish my homework this evening.今晚我必须完成我的家庭作业。
【拓展】以must开头的疑问句的否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to，表示“不必”，而不用mustn’t（表示禁止）。eg:---Must I hand in my homework tomorrow?----No,you needn’t/don’t have to.我明天必须交作业吗？不，你不必。
【辨析】must和have to
must意为“必须”，强调的是说话者的主观愿望，无时态变化。have to意为“必须，不得不”，它强调的是由于外在的客观原因而是主语必须做某事，有时态变化。eg:I must go home now.现在我必须回家了。It’s raining,I have to stay at home.天在下雨，我不得不呆在家里。
a lot of 大量；许多eg:There are a lot of glasses on the table and there is a lot of milk in them.桌子上有许多杯子,杯子里有许多牛奶。
【用法聚焦】⑴与many,much同义,另一形式是lots of。⑵many主要用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中,肯定句中用a lot of。⑶many修饰可数名词；much修饰不可数名词；a lot of既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。eg:There is a lot of water in the playground. 操场上有很多水。There is a lot of students in the class.班里有很多学生。
look after 照顾；照看eg:Will you look after my dog while I’m away? 我不在的时候,你照料一下我的狗好吗？ 
【用法聚焦】 同义短语:take care of。
【拓展】look的相关短语：look out注意，当心；look for 寻找；look over 翻阅，浏览；look into 调查；look up to 仰慕，尊敬；look down upon/on轻视，看不起。
Unit 2What’s the matter?
Section A
一、重点单词和短语。
matter n.事情；问题；差错eg:I have several important matters to ask you.我有几件重要事情要问你。
【用法聚焦】⑴matter是可数名词，其同义词：trouble，problem。⑵习惯用法：What’s the matter with you?你怎么了？
【拓展】matter作动词，意思是“要紧，重要，有重大关系（主要用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中）。eg: What does it matter？那有什么关系？It doesn’t matter about the price；buy it，whatever it costs.价钱没什么关系，不论多少钱都买。
cold n.受凉；感冒eg:People often have a cold in winter.冬天人们常常会感冒。
【用法聚焦】⑴cold用作可数名词，表示“伤风感冒”，请记住have a cold（强调状态）和catch a cold（强调动作）。eg:—What’s the matter with you?你怎么啦？—I have a cold/I catch a cold. 我感冒了。⑵cold 用做形容词表示“寒冷的”；反义词为hot。eg:On a cold morning he had some noodles for breakfast.在一个寒冷的早晨，他早饭吃的面条。
sore adj.疼痛的eg:I have a sore throat.I can’t speak loudly.我咽喉痛,我不能大声说话。
【拓展】其同义词是pain；常用短语：have a pain on/in…eg:I have a pain on my back.我背痛。
【辨析】sore，ache和pain
三者都指“身体上极不舒服的感觉”。①ache常指连续性的疼痛；②sore常指因发炎而引起的肌肉疼；③pain常指肉体上的剧烈疼痛。
back n.后背；背脊eg:The man is riding on the black horse back.那个人正骑在一匹黑马背上。
【用法聚焦】⑴常用短语：at the back of...在……后面；on the back在背上。⑵back 还可作方位名词，意为“后面”。eg:He laughs best that laughs last.笑到最后的人才笑得最好。
arm n.臂；胳膊eg:The teacher came into the classroom with a book under his arm.老师胳膊下夹着一本书进入教室。
【用法聚焦】常用短语：take…in one’s arm拥抱
fever n.发烧；发热eg:He has a fever and stay in bed. 他发烧，躺在床上。
【用法聚焦】⑴常用短语：have a fever 发烧。⑵表示“发高烧”用high。eg:His temperature is high.
rest n.休息eg:I decide to rest well after the test.我决定测验后好好休息一下。
【用法聚焦】⑴rest作名词，意为“休息”。其常用短语：have /take a rest休息。eg: I’m so tired and I want to have a rest. 我太累了，我想休息一下。⑵rest也可作动词，意为“休息”，其现在分词是resting；过去式是rested；第三人称单数是rests。
dentist n.牙医eg:You should go to the dentist.你应该去看牙医。
【用法聚焦】常用短语：see the dentist看牙医。
ago adv.以前eg:She went to the shop fifteen minutes ago.十五分钟前她去了商店。
【用法聚焦】ago放于句尾，表示“……之前”，一般用于过去时。
【辨析】ago和before
①ago常用于过去时，至于所修饰的时间之后，即“时间段+ago”。如：twenty minutes ago二十分钟以前；before用于任何时态，至于时间前面。如：You must finish your work before three o′clock. 你必须在三点钟前完成你的工作。而“时间段+ before”表示以过去某时间为准的若干时间以前，用于过去完成时。②ago不能单独使用，而before可以，且用于现在完成时或一般过去时，表示“不明确的时间以前”。eg:I’ve read that novel before.我一起读过那部小说。I told you before.我以前告诉过你。
illness n.疾病；身体不适eg:He has had a bad illness,but he is better now.他得了一场大病，可是现在他好多了。
【用法聚焦】⑴illness是ill的名词形式。ill是形容词,意思是“有病的”，在意思上相当于sick，但在用法上不完全相同。sick 和ill 都可以作表语，但是sick 还可以作定语,修饰名词。⑵illness的同义词是sickness，它们用法基本相同,可以互换。illness泛指得病后身体不适的状态。sickness可泛指身体不适，还特指呕吐，晕车/船。
advice n.劝告；建议；忠告 eg:Please give some advice about my sickness.请给我的病提一些忠告。
【用法聚焦】⑴advice是不可数名词。一条建议应说a piece of advice，而不能说an advice。其常用短语：ask sb. for advice请某人提出建议；give sb. advice给某人提出建议；take one's advice采纳某人的建议；refuse one's advice不听某人的劝告、忠告。⑵advice的动词形式是advise。常用短语：advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事。
Section B ＆Self check
一、重点单词和短语。
stress v.加压力于；使紧张n.压力；紧张eg:Stress brings us illness.压力带给我们疾病。
【用法聚焦】常用短语：be stressed out压力大的，工作紧张的。
problem n.问题eg:The math problem is difficult ,I can’t work it out.这道数学题很难，我算不出来。
【用法聚焦】problem是个可数名词，其同义词是question；习惯用语：What’s the problem? 怎么了？
【辨析】problem和question
二者都有“问题”的意思，但用法却不尽相同。
①problem指难以解决的问题，常与动词solve或settle搭配使用。而question指需要寻找答案的问题，常与动词ask或answer搭配使用。eg:It’s difficult to solve this problem.要解决这个问题很难。May I ask you some questions?我可以问你几个问题吗？
②problem可指“（数学或物理）习题”，question却无此义。question可表示“（与……有关的）问题”。eg:Can you work out this math problem?你能算出这道数学题吗？It’s a question of time.这是个与时间有关的问题。
weak adj.（身体）虚弱的；无力的eg:He is weak so he can’t walk long.他身体虚弱,因此他不能走很长的路。
【用法聚焦】⑴weak作形容词，意为“身体虚弱的”，其反义词是strong。⑵weak作形容词时，还可意为“差的；不精通的”，常用于短语be weak in中，意为“在……方面差”；其反义短语是be good at。eg:Tom is weak in math.汤姆在数学方面差。
angry adj.生气的；愤怒的eg:What is the young man angry about？那个年轻人因为什么事情生气？
【用法聚焦】⑴angry的副词为angrily ，意为“生气地”；形容词用来作表语,和修饰名词作定语，而副词用来修饰动词。⑵常用短语：be angry with sb.生某人的气；be angry at sth.对某种言行生气；be angry about sth.对某件事情生气。eg:I’m angry with him.我很生他的气。
western adj.西方的；来自西方的eg:The lifestyle of the western countries is different from that of the eastern countries.西方人的生活方式和东方国家的生活方式不同。
【用法聚焦】west 的反义词是east；western 的反义词是eastern。记住west是名词,而western是形容词。
everybody pron.每人；人人eg: Everybody likes watching TV.每个人都喜欢看电视。
【用法聚焦】everybody作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
【辨析】everybody、everyone和every one
everybody/everyone是不定代词，意为“每人；人人；所有的人”，这时可与every one互换，作主语时谓语动词常用单数形式。eg：Everybody/Everyone is here.大家都在这儿。但every one除了表示“每个人”外，还可表示“每一个（东西或事情）”，这时one是代词，指代已经明确的东西或事情，一避免重复。可以说every one of them/us，但不能说everybody/everyone of them/us。eg: I know every one of them.我认识他们中的每个人。
few adj.（表示否定）很少的;几乎没有的eg:I have few friends here.我在这儿几乎没有朋友。
【用法聚焦】few的近义词是little，其常用短语：a few少量的。
【辨析】few,a few,little,a little四个词的用法。
①few和a few用来修饰可数名词的复数；而little和a little 是修饰不可数名词的。②在意义上a few意为“一些,几个”，a little意为“一点儿”，均表示肯定意义。而few 和little 都表示“几乎没有”，表示否定意义。
moment n.瞬间；片刻eg: I am busy at the moment . 我此刻很忙。
【用法聚焦】其固定搭配：①at the moment意思为“此刻”， 用于现在时中；表示“当时”， 用于过去时中。②a moment ago刚才；for a moment目前，暂时；just a moment稍等一下。
until conj.直到……之时；在……之前eg:Wait until the rain stops.一直等到雨停止。
【用法聚焦】⑴until用在肯定句中，意为“到……为止”。与till用法一样。结构为：主句（谓语动词为延续性动词）+until（till）+时间点/从句（从句谓语动词为短暂性动词）。注意跟从句时的时态是主将从现。eg: Last night mom waited me until 12:00am.昨天晚上妈妈等我直到12点。I’ll wait until he comes back.我将一直等到他回来为止。⑵until用在否定句中，即not…until句型，意为“直到……才”，这时until前动词为短暂性动词。eg: He didn’t go home until rain stopped.直到雨停了他才回家。注意这时跟从句的时态是主将从现，此时until不可用till，但可以换成before。
hear v.听见；听说eg:I’m sorry to hear you are not feeling well.听说你感觉不舒服我很难过。
【用法聚焦】⑴常见短语：hear of./about...听说；hear from...收到……的来信，相当于get/receive a letter from...⑵hear sb.do sth.听到某人做某事。hear是感官动词，后面接省去to的动词不定式。eg:I often hear the little girl sing in the next room.我经常听见这个小女孩在隔壁唱歌。⑶hear sb.doing sth.听见某人正在做某事。eg:I heard the man playing the piano when I passed.当我经过的时候,我听见那个男人正在弹钢琴。
on the way to...在去……的路上eg:I saw a wallet on my way to school.我在去学校的路上看见一个钱包。
【用法聚焦】 1)way 所构成的短语有：in a+形容词 way,用……的方式。如：in a strange way 用奇特的方式，in an angry way用生气的方式；in an interesting way用有趣的方式。2)by the way 顺便问一下,顺便说一下。
好吧，就这样了，之后的一次传不了，等会再传，俺手抽筋了

‘伍’ 人教版初二上册的英语知识点归纳

初二英语知识点复习(总结版)

1.

take:拿走

takesb./sth.tosomeplace;

takesth.withyou

bring:带来

bringsthforapicnic

It’sgoingtorain,pleasetakeanumbrellawithyou.

You’.

2.

keep+名词+形容词

Keepthewindowsopen,it’shothere.

keepsbdoingsth

I’msorryI’vekeptyouwaitingforalongtime.

keep表示“借”用于和一段时间连用：

HowlongcanIkeepthisbook?

3.

let/make/havesbdosth

让（使）某人干某事

Let’sgotothezoo!

Howdidhemakethebabystopcrying?

4.

forgettodosth

忘记去做某事

remembertodosth

记得去做某事

forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事

rememberdoingsth

记得做过某事

5.

stoptodosth

停下来做另一件事情

stopdoingsth

停止正在做的事情

stopsbfromdoingsth

阻止某人干某事

Let’sstoptohaveatest,it’stoohottoday.

,thestudentsstoppedtalking.

.

begin/start

todosth

6.

tell/asksbtodosth

否定形式tell/asksbnottodosth.

,itwastoodangerous.

OurP.E.teachertolsastory

yesterday.

7.

see/hear/watchsbdosth

see

/hear/

watchsbdoingsth

.

8.

enjoysth;enjoydoingsth;

enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime

.Theyenjoyedthemselves.

9.

bebusywithsth

;

bebusydoingsth

Theyareallbusywiththeirwork.

10.

finishdoingsth.

Tomdidn’.

11.

want

sth

/

todosth

/

sbtodosth

wouldlike

sth

/

todosth

/

sbtodosth

feellikedoingsth.

Hedidn’tfeellikeeatinganything.

12.

hadbetterdosth

否定形式：

hadbetternotdosth

You’dbetternotsinghere,thebabyisasleep.

13.

Whynotdosth?

=

whydon’tyoudosth?

=

Whydidn’tyoudosth?

Whynotcomewithme?

14.

Whataboutsth

/

whataboutdoingsth?

=

Howabout-----?

?

15.

Thankyouforsth/

Thanksfordoingsth.

Thanksforyourhelp.

------------

It’sapleasure.

Thanksverymuchforhelpingme.

16.

instead往往放在句首或句尾

insteadofsth

/

insteadofdoingsth.

通常放中间

Hedidn’tgotothepark.Hewenttothecinemainstead.

..

17.

puton

强调动作

wear强调状态

in介词，构成一个短词

Putonyouroldclothestomorrow,becausewe’lldosomecleaning.

Kateiswearingaredsweatertoday.

ThemaninabluesuitisMr.Li

18.

在if引导的

、以when,before,after,assoonas引导的

,当主句是：

态、含

或

的情况下，从句用

表示将来时。

We’llgohikingifitdoesn’traintomorrow.

itdoesn’train

=

itisn’trainy

I’.

同样的情况还适用于not----until句型

Iwon’.

19.

在以when

引导的时间

,当从句是

态时，主句往往用

,表示在过去的某一时刻正在发生或正在进行的动作：

.

20.

It’stimeforsth/

It’stimetodosth/

It’stimeforsbtodosth.

It’stimeforustostartourlessonnow.

21.

Ittakes/

Ittook/

Itwilltake

somebodysometimeto

.

.

.

22.

it作

或

，其真正的主语或宾语是后面带to的

:

It’snecessarytolearnEnglishwell.

.

23.

too----

to句型,

too----forsbto

dosth----，对某人来说太-----以致于不能-----

Theapplesonthe

tree

aretoohighformetoreach.

Kateistooyoungtogotoschool.

24.

enough用法：形前名后，bigenough

;

enoughfood

-----enoughtodosth

足够-------能够-------

Jimisoldenoughtogotoschool.

25.

little,alittle修饰

;

much修饰不可数

fewafew修饰可数名词;

many修饰可数

alittle

afew具有肯定含义littlefew具有否定含义

some,any,alotof=lotsof既可以修饰不可数，也可以修饰可数名词；

There

isalittletimeleft,

.

We’dbettergoshopping,therearefeweggsleft.

Mr.Littledoesn’thavemuchmoney.（

中常用much而不用alotof）

26.

muchtoo中心词是too,常修饰形容词,

It’smuchtoocoldtoday,

weshouldwearwarmclothes.

toomuch中心词是much,常修饰不可数名词,

There’stoomuchwater,

pleasebecareful..

27.

有关情态动词的问答：

MayI------?

No,youcan’t.

No,youmustn’t.

MustI/

we

-----?

No,youneedn’t.

要注意could和can的区别：could可表示语气的委婉，也表示过去的能力

Couldyouhelpme?

?

要注意must和haveto的区别：must强调主观,haveto强调客观

要注意maybe和maybe的区别：maybe在句中作谓语

Maybeit’shere.

Itmaybehere.

28.

：someone,anyone;something,anything,nothing;somebody,anybody,nobody.

Something常用于

和表示请求的疑问句中，anything用于否定句中和疑问句中，notanything=nothing

;

withoutanything=

withnothing

Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?

I’.

形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词后面：

Bequiet!.

’snewspaper?

29.

:myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves.

要记住：一、二人称用物主，第三人称用

，复数self要变selves

和反身代词有关的一些词组：enjoyoneself.

=haveagoodtime.

learnbyoneself,

leaveonebyoneself

Shehadtoteachhersonherself.

Idon’tneedyourhelp,Icandoitmyself.

30.

形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词：

Whatastrongwind!

It’sblowingstrongly.

：be,feel,look,get,

turn,taste,smell,become,

+形容词作表语

31.

：What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！

What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式/不可数名词+主语+谓语！

How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！

Whatanicedayitis!

Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!

Howhappilytheyareplaying!

32.

反意疑问句：要注意前肯后否，前否后肯，要用

，

或情态动词来做，

要注意否定词：never,little,few,hardly,nothing,nobody等

祈使句的反意疑问句用：willyou?

以Let’s开头的反意疑问句用:shallwe?

Sheusuallygetsupatsix,doesn’tshe?

There’slittlewaterinthebottle,isthere?

Pleasetakethese

bookstotheoffice,willyou?

YouhaveneverbeentoNewYork,haveyou?

33.

形容词和副词的

和最高级：要注意比较级和最高级的构成:

规则变化:要双写的：big,fat,thin,red,

不规则变化：good,

bad,

far,

ill,

比较级用在：than，

alittle+，

much+,

最高级用在：

ofall,ofthethree,inhisclass,intheworld等表示有范围的短语中，

oneof+最高级+可数名词的复数

34.

以so引导的

：表示-----也一样，也如此，前后主语要不一致，要通过be动词、助动词、情态动词来做:

Ireachedhomeat9:00,sodidmybrother.

Canadianseatalotofbeef,sodoChinesepeople.

35.

either---or----,neither----nor----

连接两个主语，谓语动词采用

；

Eitherof----或Neitherof------谓语动词用单数；

Bothof

------或both

----and-----谓语动词用复数

BothofthemareChinese.

NeitherofthemisAustralian.

NeitherJimnorIamAmerican.

参考：http://wenku..com/view/640026dca58da0116c174930.html