‘壹’ 高一英语主要知识点！！
定语从句 （一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导
1、关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as
2、关系副词：when,where,why
P.S ：关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
e.g.She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）
The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）
3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：
1）当先行词为人时用who作主语，whom作宾语；
2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which，可作主语或宾语；
3）先行词为人、物时用that，可作主语或宾语；
4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；
5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。
（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
e.g.I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）
2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。
e.g.Tom’s father,who is over sixty,still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）
（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题
1、that与which的区别。
1）用that而不用which的情况：
①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,…；
②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；
③先行词有only,very,any等词修饰；
④先行词既有人又有物时。
e.g.There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。
2）用which而不用that的情况：
①引导非限制性定语从句；
②代表整个主句的意思；
③介词+关系代词。
e.g.He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
This is the room in which my father lived last year.这是父亲去年居住过的房子。
3）as引导定语从句时的用法
①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…as,such…as结构中。
e.g.I want the same shirt as myfriend’s.我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：
as is known to all,as is said,as is reported,
as is announced,as we all know,as I expect等。
e.g.As I expected,he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。
3）as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别
①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。e.g.He made along speech,as we expected.
He made along speech,which was unexpected.
②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。
e.g.Tom drinks a lot everyday,which his wife doesn’t like at all.
2.关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。e.g.The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。 The students who are in GradeThree are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
3.定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。e.g.There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.
4.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”来代替。
e.g.October 1,1949 was the day on which(=when)the People’s Republic of China was founded.
5.当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。
e.g.The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.
6.介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which,that,whom,口语中也可用who，且可省略。
e.g.The man(whom/who/that)you were talking about has come to school.
参考资料：http://ke..com/view/56536.html?wtp=tt
‘贰’ 高一英语必修四第一单元reading的重点句子及语法
高中英语必修四第一单元重点、难点
Unit One Women of achievement
1、Then we follow as they wander into the forest. 然后当它们向森林走去时，我们就跟随着。
wander
(1) 游荡；漫游
They wandered in Europe for three months. 他们在欧洲漫游了三个月。
His eyes wandered round the full house. 他用眼睛把整个房子扫视了一遍。
(2) 迷路乱走
Don’t wander off the road into the forest. 别离开大路进入森林。
The dog wandered off and got lost. 狗迷路走失了。
(3) 蜿蜒曲折
The river wanders through some very beautiful country.
小河蜿蜒曲折穿越漂亮的乡村。
The little stream wanders through the woods. 小溪从林中穿过。
(4) 胡想；说胡话
Don’t let your thought wander in class. 上课时思想别跑毛。
His mind wandered back to his college days. 他的思想又回到了大学时代。
2、 In pairs discuss what they have in common and what makes them great.
同桌互相讨论他们有什么共同点，什么使得他们很伟大。
common adj. & n.
（1）共同的，常见的
You ’ve made a common mistake again. 你又犯了个常见错误。
（2）共同的；公用的
Parks are common property to the city’s people. 城市的公园是这个城市的人的公共财产。
联想扩展：
have… in common 有共同之处
My son has nothing in common with me. 我儿子和我没有一点共同之处。
common ground 共同利益 common knowledge 人所共知的事 common sense 常识
易混辨析：
common , usual , ordinary , general 普通，通常
common 所有人或事物所共有的，常见的，普通的。“习见习闻”。
usual 由过去的经验可判断为正常或通常，是按照预测发生的。
ordinary 与一般实物的标准、品德、习俗相同，平凡而不特殊，强调平淡无奇。
general 广泛的，关联到同类中之全部。
3、She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.
她把一生都献给了中国妇女和儿童的医疗事业。
devote… to… 献身于…
The old man has devoted all his life to teaching. 那位老人把一生献给了教育事业。
She devotes all her spare time to looking after her sick mother.
她把所有的空余时间都花在照顾生病的母亲上。
特别提示：
devote… to…句型中的宾语多用 (all) one’s life; (all) one’s time; one’s effort / efforts。
即时活用：
1、Although the working mother is very busy, she still _____a lot of time to her children.
A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides
答案：A
2、_____ two years to ________after the sick woman, she badly needed a holiday.
A. Devoting herself; look B. Devoted; looking
C. Devoting; looking D. Devoted; looked
答案：B
3、We should devote ______ the people in the earthquake area.
A. us to help B. us to helping C. ourselves to helping D. ourselves to help
答案：C
4、She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.
她花了几年时间观察并且记录他们的日常活动。
observe vt. & vi. 注意到；看到；观察
用法归纳：
（1）跟名词或代词
Did you observe anything strange? 你发现有什么奇怪的地方吗？
We observed a curious phenomenon that day. 那天我们发现了一个奇怪的现象。
（2）跟复合结构
Did you observe a man enter the building? 你看到一个人进入这栋大楼吗？
The policeman observed a car running on the left of the road and stopped it.
警察注意到一辆车行驶在路的左边就把它挡住了。
特别提示：
observe后跟复合结构时，一般跟省略了to的不定式或现在分词。但需要特别注意，被动句中不定式的to不能省略，另外，如果作宾语补足语的不定式是to be结构，to不能省略。
即时活用：
1、I observed two men in raincoat ______ the hall.
A. enter B. entering C. entered D. to enter
答案：B
2、He ____ that it had turned cloudy.
A.observed B. watched C. felt D.notice
答案：A
5、She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.
她主张应该让野生动物在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。
argue vt. & vi. 争论；辩论
用法归纳：
（1）argue with sb. about / over sth. = argue about / over sth. with sb. 关于某事和某人争论
What are you arguing about? 你们在争论什么？
I will not argue over the matter with you any more. 我将不再和你争论这个问题。
（2）argue sb. to be…说明
The way he spends money argues him to be rich. /that he is rich.
他花钱的方式说明他很富有。
The smoke from the chimney argues that there is someone in the house.
烟囱冒烟说明房子里有人。
（3）argue for / against 提出理由支持/反对
He argues against the use of animals in the experiment.
他提出理由反对在试验中使用动物。
Some students argue for the use of mobile phones in school.
一些学生支持在学校使用手机。
（4）argue sb. into / out of doing sth. 通过争论使…（不）做某事
The teachers argue the students out of bring electric procts to school.
老师们要求学生们不把电子产品带到学校。
They tried to argue us into going with them. 他们想说服我们和他们一起去。
易混辨析：
debate, discuss, argue, quarrel 争论；辩论
debate 用于正式场合，指辩论双方对一个问题进行全面的、彻底的辩论，有时含有针锋相对的意思。另外，debate 还有在裁判的监督下或根据一套规则进行的正式讨论。
discuss指“讨论”、“商量”的意思，侧重交换意见，讨论参与者着重阐明问题，而不是肤浅的陈述个人意见，态度较为严肃。
argue 为普通用语，表示“争辩”，即反对他人的意见，坚持自己的主见，并以推理的方式陈述、论证，试图说服他人，含愤怒的语气。
quarrel 意为“吵架”。
即时活用：
1、Truth develops through ____ between different views.
A. discuss B. argue C. debate D. quarrel
答案：C
2、 Do what you are told and don’t _____ me.
A. argue with B. argue against C. argue about D. argue into
答案：A
6、She is leading a busy life. 她过着繁忙的生活。
live / lead/ have a…life 过… 生活
Though he is rich. he leads a simple life. 虽然他很有钱，但他生活简朴。
We are now living a happy life. 我们现在过着幸福的生活。
7、Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.
一旦我停下来，这些就涌入我的脑海，我就想起黑猩猩在实验室的情形。
crowd in涌向；涌进 /out 涌出
Memories crowded in upon me. 记忆涌入我的脑海。
They crowded out to see the pop star. 他们涌出去看那个明星。
8、Her mother came to support her. 她妈妈支持她。
support vt.
用法归纳：
（1）支持；赞成
No matter what he does, I will support him. 无论他做什么，我都支持他。
Do you support the idea that we will retire in 65. 你赞成我们65岁退休的观点吗？
（2）支撑；搀扶
Three poles support the house. 三根柱子支撑着房子。
The old man is walking slowly with a stick supporting him. 那个老人拄着拐棍慢慢走。
（3）养活；赡养
I have to support a family of four. 我要养活一个四口之家。
The young should support the old. 年轻人要赡养老人。
9、Many people look down upon poor people. 许多人瞧不起穷人。
look down on / upon 看不起；蔑视
Women were looked down upon in the old days. 旧社会妇女被人瞧不起。
You shouldn’t look down on this kind of work. 你不能看不起这样的工作。
联想扩展：
look about 考虑 look after照顾 look at看；考虑 look back 回顾；回想 look for 寻找 look forward to 期盼 look in on拜访 look into 调查 look on 旁观；看待 look out 当心 look out for 当心；提放 look over 审阅；查看；检查 look through 浏览；仔细查看 look to 注意 look up 查出；看望 look up and down 上下打量 look up to 尊敬
10、If the word group refers to different members, use a plural verb.
如果集合名词指不同的成员，动词用复数形式。
refer to
用法归纳：
（1）指的是
What does the underlined word refer to in the passage? 短文中下划线词指什么？
When I say someone is stupid, I don’t refer to you. 当我说有人很蠢时，我不是指你。
（2）适用于
This rule refers to all of you. 这个规定适用于你们所有人。
The new regulation doesn’t refer to people under 45. 新规定不适用45岁以下人群。
（3）提到；谈到
Did he refer to me in his letter? 他在信中提到我了吗？
The Japanese Prime minister refered to the war and apologized to the Chinese people.
日本首相谈到了那次战争并向中国人民道歉。
（4）查阅
If you don’t know the meaning of a word, you can refer to a dictionary.
如果你不知道一个单词的意思，可以查字典。
Please refer to the last page for the answer. 请在最后一页找答案。
（5）让…处理
Let’s refer this matter to the teacher. 咱们让老师来处理这件事。
If anyone wants more information, please refer him / her to me.
如果有人想了解详情，让他 /她来找我。
（6）refer to…as把…称作
We refer to our teacher as our friend. 我们把老师当朋友。
It’s not right to refer to students as silly cows. 叫学生蠢猪是不对的。
特别提示：
refer的现在分词和过去分词形式分别是：referring ; referred
即时活用：
1、The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ____ his notes.
A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on
答案：B
2、The professor _____ in the letter is from Shanghai.
A. referred B. referred to C. referring D. referring to
答案：B
11、By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiao, a specialist in women’s diseases.
一次偶然的机会，我看到一篇有关一个妇科病专家叫林巧稚医生的文章。
by chance碰巧
I met him in the street yesterday by chance. 昨天我在大街上偶然碰到他。
The accident happened by chance. 事故是偶然发生的。
come across（偶然）遇见；碰见；想到
I came across this book in an old bookstore. 我在一个旧书店偶然看到这本书的。
He suddenly came across a good idea. 他突然想到一个好主意。
联想扩展：
come true come up with come to an end come to a stop come about come along前进；进展 come to oneself come at朝…扑过去 come back come out 发表
12、I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.
我细细的看了这篇文章，了解到那是专为农村妇女写的。
intend vt. 打算；有…意图
用法归纳：
（1）intend to do sth.
What do you intend to do today? 今天你打算做什么？
I didn’t intend to be rude to you yesterday. 昨天我没想对你不礼貌。
（2）intend sb. to do sth.
Did he intend us to share the cost? 他想让我们一起分担费用吗？
I intend you to do it by yourself. 我想让你独自做那件事。
（3）intend doing sth.
I intend coming to help you. 我本想来帮你。
What do you intend doing next? 下来你想做什么？
（4）intend that…
I intend that we shall arrive tomorrow. 我打算我们明天到。
The old man intends that his son will take over the business. 老人打算让他儿子接管生意。
联想扩展：
be intented for 专为…；打算给…
The prize was intended for the old man. 这个奖是专为那个老人设立的。
This film is intended for children. 这部电影专为儿童拍摄。
即时活用：
Those lovely flowers were ____ for your mother for her seventieth birthday, but as she is
away, I would be glad if you accept them.
A. devoted B. intended C. supplied D. proced
答案：B
13、There was story after story of how Lin Qiao, tired after a day’s work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.
数不胜数的故事讲述着林巧稚如何在劳累了一天之后，又在深夜去为贫苦家庭的产妇接生，而这些家庭常常是不可能给他报酬的。
deliver vt. & vi.
用法归纳：
（1）送；投递
Milk is delivered every morning. 牛奶每天早上送到。
We deliver goods to your door. 我们送货上门。
（2）作演讲；提出
Obama delivered a very important speech in Shanghai Jiaotong University.
奥巴马在上海交通大学做了重要演讲。
He delivered a new suggestion at the meeting. 他在会上提出了新建议。
（3）接生；给…接生
Lin Qiao delivered countless babies. 林巧稚接生了数不清的婴儿。
The doctor delivered Mrs Jones. 大夫给琼斯夫人接生。
联想扩展：
（1）deliver from 从…解脱出来；使解脱
Teachers should try to deliver students from heavy study.
老师们应该尽力把学生们从繁重的学习中解脱出来。
（2）deliver over / up (to) 移交；交给
The dying father delivered his business to his son. 快要死的父亲把生意交给了儿子。
（3）delivery n.送货；投递
‘叁’ 高一英语必修1第一单元friendship 知识点总结 与语法总结
I---1 Friendship
一、知识点
1. be good to 对……友好
be good for 对……有益；be bad to…/be bad for…
I will be good to other people.我会善良的对待其他人.
It would be good for you to spend a holiday in the sun. 在有阳光的地方度假会给你带来很多好处。
The Olympics will be good for business. 奥运会的召开将有利于商业的发展。
be good at 擅长make good 有成就；成功as good as 实际上；几乎等于
a good deal 许多，大量 彻底的；完全的；痛快的to have a good drink 喝个痛快
2. add up 加起来
add up to 合计，总计
add… to 把……加到…… add to 增加
Add up your score and see how many points you get? 把你的分数加起来，看看得多少？
Some people can add up quite easily in their heads, but not all.
Good friends do not add up what they do for each other; instead they offer help when it is needed.
The figures add up to 270. 这些数字加起来是270。
‘肆’ 高一英语知识点
高一英语知识点重点词组：1. fond of “喜爱，爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。例如：He’s fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗?He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。2. hunt for = look for寻找I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的书。hunt for a job 找工作3. in order to, so as to 这两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语, in order to可放于句首, so as to则不能, 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to. 如:He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting.In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他, 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。4. care about1) 喜欢，对……有兴趣 = care forShe doesn’t care about money.她不喜欢钱。2）关心 = care forShe thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people.她只考虑自己。她不关心别人。3）在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分）These young people care nothing about what old people might say.这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。5. such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三门科目,像物理、化学。6. drop * a line 留下便条, 写封短信7、make yourself at home 别客气；随便；无拘束（1） If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home.如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。8、stay up 不睡；熬夜（1） I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.我将回家很晚，不要等我了。（2） He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。9、come about 引起；发生；产生（1）How did the accident come about?这场事故是怎么发生的？（2） They didn't know how the change had come about.他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。10、except for 除……之外（1） except 与 except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：①He answered all the questions except the last one.除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。②We go there every day except Sunday.除了星期天，我们天天去那里。（2）except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如：①Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。②Your picture is good except for the colours.你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。（3）但在现代英语中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是：He answered all the questions except for the last one.（4） 另外，在介词短语之前只能用except，不能用except for。如：We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.除了夏季，我们通常十点之前上床睡觉。11、end up with 以……告终；以……结束（1） The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。12、more or less 几乎；差不多；大约；大概；大体上（1） I've more or less succeeded, but they haven't.我差不多成功了，而他们没有。（2） Our living condition has more or less improved.我们的生活水平或多或少提高了。13、bring in 引进；引来；吸收（1） We should bring in new technology.我们应该引进新技术。（2） He brings in 800 dollars a month.他一个月挣八百美元。14、get away（from） 逃离（1）The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了。（2）I caught a really big fish but it got away.我钓到了一条好大的鱼，可是它逃掉了。15、watch out （for）注意；留心（1）Watch out! There is a car coming.小心！汽车来了。（2）Watch out for the hole in the road.留神路上的那个坑。16、see sb. off 给某人送行Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.明天我到火车站给朋友送行。17、on the other hand 另一方面（用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等，常说on the one hand …… on the other hand一方面……另一方面）I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来说，我也不必工作太长时间。18、as well as * (sth)而且He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.她不但是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。19、take place 发生 take one’s place 入座、站好位置、取得地位take sb’s place 或take the place of * / sth代替、取代The Olympic Games take place / are held every four years. 20、on fire 相当于burning, 意为“燃烧；着火；起火”，有静态的含意。Catch fire有动态的含意。 Set… on fire / set fire to …用来表示“使……着火”、“放火烧……”。例如： Look, the theatre is on fire! Let’s go and help.瞧，剧院着火了，咱们去帮忙救火吧。 21、on holiday 在度假，在休假中 When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle. 我在度假的时候去看望了叔叔。 holiday(holidays)一般指“休假” Tom and I are going to have a holiday. 我和汤姆准备去度假。 I've already had my holidays this year. 我今年已经度过假了。 22、travel agency A business that attends to the details of transportation, itinerary, and accommodations for travelers. 旅行社一种为旅行者提供细致的运输、旅行和住宿方面服务的行业 Also called: travel bureau 23、take off 1)脱下(衣服等), 解(除)掉 He took off his wet shoes.他脱下了湿鞋子。 2）（飞机）起飞 The plane took off on time. It was a smooth take-off.飞机准时起飞。起飞非常顺利。 3）匆匆离开 The six men got into the car and took off for the park.这六个人上了车，匆匆离开去公园。 24. go wrong v. 走错路, 误入岐途, (机器等)发生故障 25. in all adv. 总共 26. stay away v.外出 27. look up 查询（如宾语为代词，则代词放中间） Look up the word in the dictionary.在字典里查单词。 相关词组：look for 寻找；look after照顾，照料； look forward to期待；look into调查； look on旁观；look out注意；look out for注意，留心，提防；look over翻阅，查看，检查；look around环视；look through翻阅，查看。 28、run after追逐，追求 If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.同时追两只兔子，你一只也抓不到。 29、on the air广播 We will be on the air in five minutes.我们五分钟以后开始广播。 This programme comes on the air at the same time every day.这个节目每天在同一时间播出。 30、think highly/well/much of对……评价很高, 赞赏, 对……印象好 He was highly thought of by the manager.经理对他非常赞赏。 I think well of your suggestion.我觉得你的建议很好。 think badly/nothing/little/lowly of……认为不好, 好……不在意, 不赞成, 觉得……不怎么样 I don’t think much of him as a teacher.我觉得他作为一个老师不怎么样。 31. leave out 1) 漏掉 You made a mistake—You’ve left out a letter “t”.你出错了—你漏掉了一个字母t. 2) 删掉, 没用 I haven’t changed or left out a thing.我没有作出变动也没有删掉任何东西。 32. stare at （由于好奇、激动等张着嘴巴，睁大眼睛地）凝视，盯着看 Don’t stare at foreigners. It’s impolite.不要盯着外国人看，这样不礼貌。 比较：glare at （to stare angrily at）怒视着 这两个小男孩互相怒视着，随时准备开战。 33. make jokes about 就……说笑 They make jokes about my old hat.他们就我的旧帽子说笑我。 have a joke with … about …跟某人开关于某事的玩笑。 He stopped to have a joke with me.他停下来跟我开玩笑。play a joke on…开某人的玩笑 We played jokes on each other. 我们互相开玩笑。 v. joke about取笑 They joked about my broken English.他们取笑我蹩脚的英.45.take over 接管；接替；继承 what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。 Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over (his job).我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接 管（他的工作）。 46. break down 1) 破坏；拆散 Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances. 人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。 The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻)据说和谈破裂了。 2)（机器）损坏 Our truck broke down outside town. 我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。 The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。 3) 失败；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。 4) 精神崩溃；失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失声痛哭。 5) 起化学变化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化学物质引起食物转化。
‘伍’ 高一英语必修一知识点总结
人教版新课标高中英语必修一知识点归纳总结（按单元分） 新课标必修1 Unit1 Friendship 重点词组：
be good to 对….友好 add up 合计 another time 改时间 get sth done 使…被做 calm down 镇定下来 have got to 不得不 walk the dog 遛狗 make a list of 列出 hide away 躲藏；隐藏 be concerned about 关心；挂念 share sth with sb 和某人分享某物
go through 经历；仔细检查 set down 放下；记下 a series of 一系列；一套 be crazy about 对…着迷 on purpose 故意 in order to/ so as to 为了 face to face 面对面地 get along with 与…相处 pack up 收拾，打理行装
according to 按照；根据…所说 have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见；做…有困难 communicate with sb 和…交际 throw away the friendship 放弃/终止友谊 try out 试验；试用 join in 参加（活动） far and wide 到处 look to sth 注意，留心某事 fall in love 相爱 ignorant of 无知的
cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物 have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的习惯 句子归纳：
1.I wonder if… 我想知道是否….
2. It’s because… 这是因为…. 此从句中because不能用since或as 代替
3. What do you think a good friend should be like? 你认为一个好朋友应该是什么样的呢？
4. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. =While you were walking the dog, …在遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。（当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。）
5. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗？
6. I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我已经很久不能去户外，所以我变得对自然界的所有东西都很感兴趣。 7. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 我记得非常清楚，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。 8. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
9. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 如果您给我提些建议，我会非常感谢的。 （I would be grateful if… 委婉客气提出请求）
10. It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary. 记日记对你来说是个好习惯。 11. She found it difficult to settle and… 12. This series of readers is very interesting. 13. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
14. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.
新课标必修1 Unit2 重点词组：
in…ways 在…方面 such as 例如 believe it or not 信不信由你 come up with 提出 come up to a place 参观某地 ever before 从前 even if/ though 即使 at the end of 在…末期 be based on 在...基础上 close to 距离…近 change…into 把…变成 in the early days 在早期 take…with…随身携带 the same…as 与…相同的 at present 目前
var cpro_psid ="u2572954"; var cpro_pswidth =966; var cpro_psheight =120;
be absent from 缺席 be present at 在席；出席 carry out a rule 执行规则 be a native of 是…人 at sb’s request 应某人的要求 have a command of掌握 make a request 请求 request that …(should)+v原形 in one direction 朝一个方向 give commands 命令 be different from 与…不同 i n the 1600’s = in the 1600s as a rule 通常；照例 be native to 是…的土产动物/植物 as we know 正如我们所知 an international language 一门国际语言 an international organization 一个国际组织 play a role/ part (in) 在…中担任角色；在…中起作用;扮演一个角色；参与 play an important role/ part 在…中起重要作用 because of 因为；由于 come up (vi) 走进；上来；发生；被讨论 make (good/ full) use of （好好/充分）利用
from one place to another 从一处到另一处 present sth to sb / present sb with sth 句子归纳：
1. However, they may not be able to understand everything. （然而，他们可能不是什么都懂。）
2. This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. (这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。)
3. All languages change when cultures communicate with one another. (当不同文化互相沟通时，所有的语言都会发生变化。) 4. What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”.
(美国人把被英国人称作“petrol”的东西称作“gas”。 此处what引导宾语从句) 5. Actually, it was based more on German than present day English. (实际上，当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。)
6. …those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. 7. The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.
(in which= where, 其引导定语从句。 美国是一个大国，国内说着许许多多的方言。)
‘陆’ 高一英语必修一知识点
第一单元 1）add vt/vi加；添加；增添 add up合计 加起来，但在口语中有时用于否定句，表示“莫名其妙，不说明问题”。 add up to 总计共达，所有一切都说明，总而言之。 add sth（to sth）把„„加到„„里去。 add to 增加，扩建。 add 表示“继续说，补充说”。 区别add和increase add意思是“加，增加”，强调添加。或者表示将数字加起来求和。 increase“增加”，表示在数量，产量，尺寸，程度等方面的增加。
2）cheat v 欺骗；作弊 n 骗子；作弊者；骗人的事 cheat sb of sth cheat sth out of sb 从某人处欺诈某物 cheat on/at/in 作弊，欺诈 3)list v 将事物列于表上；编事物的目录 n 名单；目录；一览表 make a list of 造表，列„„表 take„off the list 从表上去掉„„ stand first on the list 居首位，列前茅 as listed above 如上所列
3）share share in 分享，分担，共用 share sth with sb 和某人共用/共享某事物 share out 分配，分发；得到股息，升股息 share（n.）in/of 一分，部分
4）trust vi/vt 信任，信赖；依赖 trust in 相信，信任，信仰 trust to 依靠（运气等），依赖 trust that„ 希望，想
5）suffer vt/vi 遭受，受到，蒙受；受痛苦，受折磨，受惩罚，受损伤 suffer from 受„„伤害；患„„病痛 注意：suffer 和 suffer from 都不能用于被动语态
6）calm vt/vi/adj. 使平静；使镇定。平静的，镇静的，沉着的。 calm down 平静下来，镇定下来 quite指人对外界事物感触的安静。对人时，侧重不激动，平静温和，不发表意见。 still指完全没有声音或者没有动静，突然静止不动。 silent主要指人不爱说话，沉默不语。
7）concern be concerned about 担心，关心 as/so far as„be concerned 关于，至于，就某人而言 have no concern for 毫不关心 concern oneself in/with/about sth 忙于，从事；关心，关切 have a concern in 和„„有厉害关系 be concerned in/with 参与，与„„有关 高中各年级课件教案习题汇总语文数学英语物理化学
8）separate v/adj 分开，和„„分手；单独的，分开的，不同的 separate„from 使„„和„„分离
9）reason lose one’s reason 失去理智，发狂 by reason of 由于 bring sb to reason 说服某人理智些 within reason 合理 without reason 不合理 listen to reason 听从道理 reason sb into/out of sth 以理说服某人做/不做某事
10）power beyond /out of one’s power 力所不及的，不能胜任的 =not within one’s power in power 当权的，握有政权的 come into power掌权，得势
11）habit form / make a habit of doing=make it a habit to do sth 养成做某事的习惯 be in the habit of 有„„的习惯 fall/get into a habit of 沾染（养成）„„习惯 break（off）a habit=get out a habit 戒除一种习惯 form good habits 养成良好的习 out of habit 出于习惯
12）according to为介词短语，后跟名词，代词，不能很从句，表示“根据；按照；试„„而定”。 according to其后引出的信息应来自别人或者别处，不能来自说话者自己。 according to其后不能跟opinion，view等名词。 according as 相当于连词，后跟从句，意为“正像，根据，按照，如果”。
13）join in 区别join；join in；take part in；attend join 参加某个组织或者团体（党派，军队等）<ps：这些名词前面要加定冠词>，并且成为其中的一员。 join in 参加正在进行着的活动，如游戏，讨论，辩论，谈话等。 take part in 参加会议或者群众性的活动，并且在其中法会一定的作用。 attend 参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、上课、上学、听报告等。重在强调“参与”的动作，不强调参加者的作用。
14）dare 作实意动词有人称和数的变化，也有时态的变化；作情态动词，用于否定句，疑问句和条件句中，有时态的变化，但是没有人称和数的变化。 ①在肯定据中的dare，dares，dared之后，不定式一遍加to。 ②在否定句中和疑问句中的dare之后，不定时一般不加to。 ③在用do或者does构成的否定句和疑问句中，理论上虽然应该有to，实际使用却经常把to省略。 I dare say„我敢打赌说„„
15）go through 经历；经受；通过考试；经过；审阅；检查 go with 伴随，与„„协调 go up 上升；建起；上涨 go over检查，审查；复习，重温 go out 熄灭；公布；播出 go ahead 进行，进展；（with）赞同 go into从事，参加（某一行业）；调查
16）get along with 同„„相处；进展 get away 离开；逃避 get back 回来；拿回 get down 拿下；写下 get in 进入；收获 get down to 开始认真做„„ get on/off 上/下车 get over 克服；战胜 get across 被理解 get through 完成；通过；接通电话 get up 起床 get it 明白，理解；猜中
17）with复合结构，也可以叫做独立主格结构，在格式上没有谓语动词，在句中常作状语，表示伴随，原因，方式，条件等。 ①with+名词+介词短语。在句中作状语，作后置定语。 ②with+名词/代词+过去分词。其中过去分词表示被动或者完成了的动作。 ③with+名词/代词+现在分词。其中现在分词表示主动或者正在进行的动作。 ④with+名词/代词+不定式。其中不定式表示将要发生的动作。 ⑤with+名词/代词+形容词。
18）no longer=not„any longer 表示不再继续或者再现过去某一时刻发生或存在而一直延续的动作/状态时，常用于过去时、现在时或者将来时的句子中。 no more=not„any more 表示再也不重复过去反复发生的动作时，常用于过去时或者将来时的句子中。 When he saw the toy，the baby cried no longer.当看到玩具时，那婴儿不再哭了。 Now she wasn’t afraid any more..现在她再也不害怕了。
19）①settle down to 决心去做„„，专心去做„„ settle on/upon 决定„„，选定„„ ②have trouble with 使伤脑筋，苦恼；跟某人闹别扭 ask for trouble 自讨苦吃 be in trouble 在困境中，有纠纷 get sb into trouble 陷入困境 make trouble 惹麻烦 put sb to trouble 麻烦某人 take the trouble to do 费力做
3.语法 直接引语变为间接引语（注意：变化时句子一定为陈述句语序。） 人称的变化 ①直接引语中主语第一人称或者被第一人称所修饰，人称要与“讲话人”的人称一致。 ②直接引语的第二人称，或者被第二人称所修饰，人称要与“听话人”的人称一致。 ③直接引语中的第三人称不变化。 “一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更改”。 二、时态的变化 直接引语——间接引语 一般现在时——一般过去时 一般过去时——过去完成时 现在进行时——过去进行时 现在完成时——过去完成时 过去完成时——过去完成时 一般将来时——过去将来时 时态不变化的情况： ①直接引语是客观真理。 ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。 ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。 第二单元 1）include include是及物动词，后跟名词，代词或者动名词作宾语，或者跟宾语+介词短语等。 including通常为介词，相当于having（sb/sth）as a part，包括（某人某物）在内，可与过去分词included互换。
2）present 作形容词，若表示“在场的，出席的”通常用作标标语或者后置定语；若表示“现在的，现有的”，通常用作前置定语。 作名词，也可以表示“目前，现在”，多与the连用，常用的词组at present“现在，目前”；还可以表示“礼物”含有“捐赠”的意思。常有的词组有make sb a present of 表示“将某物赠送给某人”。 作动词，表示“赠送，给与”，后跟双宾语；也可表示为“正式介绍，引见某人（尤指向级别、地位较高的人）”。 常见用法present one’s apologies/compliments/respects„表示某人的歉意/赞扬/敬意„„present oneself 出席，列席； present itself 出现，呈现。
3）rule rule over sb/sth 统治某人/某物 rule sth/sb out 把某人/某物排除在外 as a rule 在大多数情况下，通常 表示“控制；影响”时多用作被动语态。 作名词时表示“规则，规章，条例；惯常用法；统治；尺”。
4）recognize 为非延续性动词，不用于进行时；强调原来认识的东西意为“认出，分辨出”。 表示“承认某人/某物有效或者属实”有时与as连用。 与名词或者名词词组连用，that引导的从句连用，也可表示“认识到，认清某事物”。
5）commend 作动词多为及物动词，表示命令，后接名词+不定式。 表示“统率，指挥，控制，掌握”，后常接宾语。 作动词或名词都可以跟从句，从句中用should（常省略）+动词原形。 作名词常用词组有：in commend of 统率„„的 under the commend of 被„„统率的 get/obtian commend of 控制 take commend of 开始担任„„的指挥 has commend of 掌握 at/by sb’s commend 奉某人命令的，受某人指挥的 commend oneself 控制自己
6）request 作动词时常用的句型：request sb to do sth；request that sb （should）do sth； request of sb +that从句 作名词时常用的习语有：at sb’s request/at the request of sb 应某人的要求 by request of 由于受到„„的要求 make a request for sth from sb 向某人要求某物
7）explain 可作及物或者不及物动词，作及物动词时，间接宾语前要加to。例如： The teacher explains to the class the questions. The teacher explains the questions to the class. 老师向全班解释了这个问题。 explain可接连接代词，连接副词或者that引导的从句。还可以接连接代词或者连接副词所 引导的不定式短语。
8）however 作副词，若表示转折，意为“但是，然而，不过”，可放在句首，句中，句末，要用逗号分开；若修饰形容词或者副词，意为“无论如何，无论怎样”。 作连词，引导让步状语从句。意为“不管怎样，不管用什么方式”。
9）imagine 是动词，意为“想象，设想，猜想”后跟名词，动名词，从句（imagine多以否定形式出现），还可以与as连用。 imagine oneself 表示“想象一下，你若„„”后面所跟的to be结构常被省略。
10）such as与for example的区别 都可以作例如讲，但是such as用来列举事物，放在被列举事物和前面的名词之间，后直接跟名词，没有逗号，一般不如and so on 连用；for example用来举例说明，有时可作独立句，插在句子中，后面一般用逗号隔开。 such as 不能将前面所述的数量全部列出；such作形容词，可与as在句中分开使用，表示“像„„这样的”，as是关系代词，引导宾语从句，作主语或者是宾语。
11）more than ①more than与数词连用，意为“超过，多于”。 ②more than+名词，表示超出该名词所指，意思为“不止，不仅仅是”。 ③more than+加形容词或者动词，表示加重语气，意思是“很，非常”。 ④more than+（that）从句，其基本意义是超过，但可译为“简直不，远非„„” ⑤more than之间加入形容词或者副词，有两种含义：一中是普通的比较级用法；另外一种是用来表示“与其说„„倒不如说„„”。
12）base sth on/upon 意为“以„„为基础/依据”，被动形式为be based on/upon 13）关于way的一些短语： by the way 顺便说说；顺便提起 in a way 在某一方面；在某种程度上 in the way 阻碍，阻挡 on one’s way to/on the way to 在来/去„„的路上/过程中 in any way 无论如何 in every way 在各个方面，完全 in no way 绝不，无论如何不 lose one’s way 迷路；误入歧途
14）nearly和almost的用法 ①almost=very nearly,表示”几乎、差不多”,常可互换使用。 ②almost和nearly可互换使用的场合 (1)在肯定句中 (2)修饰all, every, always等时 (3)在行为动词的否定式前 ③只能用almost的场合 (1)修饰no, none, never, any以及由no或any的合成词。: (2)修饰表示感觉或心理的动词或形容词。: (3)修饰more than和too。 ④只能用nearly的场合 (1)被very, not, pretty修饰时。 (2)表示要做什么事但后来”没有做”或”避开不做”时。 ⑤mostly用作副词,意思是”大体上、主要地、大部分、多半、通常”等。
15）come up 走进；上来；提出；发芽；流行；上升；出现；发生 come up to 达到；数到；不负众望；合乎（标准等）
‘柒’ 急需外研社高一英语必修一 各单元的知识点总结 包括重点短语
Unit 1
wake up醒来
wander off 漫步
most of the time 大部分时间
either…or… 或……或……
each other 互相
spend…(in)doing sth 花费时间做某事
be determined to do 决定做……
think about 看法
for example 举例子
work out 得出；解决
argue for 为……辩护
argue with 与……争论/争辩
argue against 争辩……
set up （具体）设置；安装/（抽象）建立
do some research 做研究
choose to do sth. 宁愿、偏要、决定做某事
catch one’s eye 引起某人的注意
care for 照顾
be intended for/to do 为……而准备、预定
reach a doctor 找到医生
must have done 一定是；想必是
get a training 得到训练
as well as ……也
second to 次于
get sb. into使某人进入/陷入
story after story 一个故事接着一个
day after day 一天又一天
deliver a baby 给……接生
make sure 确保
by the time 这时候
carry on 继续
be concerned about 对……关心
put…to death 处死
devote…to…把……专注于……
rather than 不是……而是……
mean doing 意味着
mean to do 打算做……
settle down 安顿下来
apply to 应用到……
be prepared to 已经做好准备去做……
prepare to do 准备要做……
Unit2
if so 如果有……
if not 如果没有……
know about 了解
call him a farmer 称呼他为农民
in many ways 在许多方面
struggle for 为……斗争
the past five decades 过去的五十年
be born in poverty 出生贫困
graate from 毕业于……
since then 从那以后
thanks to 由于
rid…of…使……摆脱……
be satisfied with 对……满足
lead a … life 过着……生活
care about 在意……
used to 过去常常
be used to 被用来做；习惯于
get used to 习惯于
prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事
wish for 欲得到、愿得到
no matter 无论
in need of 需要
refer to 谈及；提到
be rich in 富含
insist on doing 坚持做……
ready to do sth 准备好要做没某事
be against 反对
pay attention to 注意；留心
that is to say 换句说
be certain/sure to do 确信会做某事
persuade sb to do sth 说服某人干某事-结果成功
advise sb to do sth 劝说某人干某事-结果失败
Unit3
bump into 撞上(=knock into)；碰见
be content with 对……满足
worse off 境况差
astonish sb. with sth. 用某事物使某人震惊
be famous for 由于……而着名
in poverty 贫困
be well known 闻名
be set in 以……为背景
in search of 寻找
pick up 捡起
be caught in 被困在……
pick out （用个人喜好或希望进行）挑选
cut off切下
star in 表演
turn into 变为
ask for 要求……
no more than不超过
come across 走过来；偶然碰到
break down 把……分解/弄碎；损坏
fall over 摔翻
fall down 倒塌
do well in ……（方面）做得好
make a cup of tea 泡茶
bring out 取出；阐明
bring in 引入
a sense of ……观念
Unit4
be interested in 对……感兴趣
look around四周张望
send sb. to do 派遣某人……
even if 尽管
meet with(=come into)偶然碰到
may have done 某事可能已经做了（或发生）
reach out…for… 伸出……去……
not all 不是所有
spoken language 口语
close to 靠近
be likely to 有可能……
introce sth. to sb. 向某人介绍……
not…nor…既不……也不……
shake hands with(=shake one’s hand)与某人握手
all kinds of 多种多样的……
be similar to 与……相似
at ease 安逸
up and down 上下
protect sb from V-ing/sth 从……保护某人
with your hands a little open 手微微张开
be willing to愿意去做……
look sb. in the eye 正视/直视某人
take action 采取行动
watch out 小心
Unit5
provide sb. with…提供……
a bit 一会儿；一点儿
such as如……
a variety of 各种各样的……
charge…for…向……收费
be based on 以……为基础
not just 不仅仅
along with 连同……；伴随……
come to life 活跃起来
have sth done 使得……；让……被做
be named after 以……命名
be different from 与……不同
get close to 靠近
learn about（=learn of）学习；得知；听到
take an active part in 积极参与
face to face 面对面
try out 试验
large amounts of/a large amount of 大量（不可数）
point out 指出
at least 至少
‘捌’ 人教版高一英语必修一各个单元的语法知识点
一． 一般现在时
1. 表示主语现在所处的状态及其所具备的特征、性格、能力等
例如：I am a girl.
2. 表示习惯性、经常性的动作
例如：I usually go to bed at 9:00.
3. 标志性的词语
Always often sometimes now and then
4. 若助于为第三人称单数（he she it）则动词要用单三现
二． 现在进行时
1． 说话时正在进行的动作
例如：I am reading.
2.表示即将发生的动作，多用于go come start leave return arrive stay fly等词语之中，句子中常常有时间状语
例如：The plane is going to Beijing.
3.当句子中出现了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、
All the time等
例如：I am always thinking of you.
三． 倍数比较
1.A+系动词+倍数词+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B
例如：The class is twice as big as that one.
2.A+系动词+倍数词+adj\adv的比较级+than+B
例如：The class is twice bigger than that class.
3.A+系动词+倍数词+the size\amount(数量)\ength\width\height
\depth\+of+B
例如：The class is twice the size of that class.
四． With的复合结构
1． With+宾语+宾语补足语
宾语补足语根据逻辑意义的不同可以是不同的词语，如形容词、现在分词、过去分词、副词、介词短语、不定式等，with在复合结构中常作状语
2.常用结构
○1with+宾语+doing
表主动与进行
例如：Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.
○2with+宾语+done
表被动与完成
例如：With all things she need bought,she went home.
○3with+宾语+to do
表将来
例如：With so many thing to deal with.
五． 现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时
1．基本表达式（I have been doing ）
I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.
he/ she/ it has been doing sth.
2．表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去）
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）
3．表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等)
4．有些现在完成进行时的句子等同的句子。
例如：They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在这里已经工作五年了。
5．大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。
例如：I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去）
我一直在写一本书。
I have written a book.（动作已经完成）
我已经写了一本书。
They have been building a bridge.
他们一直在造一座桥。
They have built a bridge.
他们造了一座桥。
6．表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。
例如：I have known him for years.
我认识他已经好几年了。
I have been knowing...
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的动词还有：love爱，like喜欢， hate讨厌，等。
注意：比较过去时与现在完成时
1．过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2．过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3．现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
例如： I saw this film yesterday.
（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.
（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?
（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris.
她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
六．过去完成时
1． 概念：表示过去的过去
其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2． 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3．过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
例如：He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
七．现在完成进行时
1．其构成形式如下：
I / we / they have been + 动词的现在分词
He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下：
2． 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动，如：
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
3．表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动，如：
It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下)
Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.
4． 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在，可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内，重复发生的行动，如：
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
5． 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响，而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身，如：
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
注意：
现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构。 现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以 现在完成进行时的否定结构 现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构。
如： Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好.
He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过，我和他没有过那许多接触。
6．否定句构成：
主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词
7．一般疑问句构成:
Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他
‘玖’ 人教版高一上学期英语第一单元语法重点有些什么
必修1： 动词（将来动作的表达法） 2.直接引语和间接引语（陈述句、祈使句、疑问句） 3.定语从句（关系代词that,which,who引导的定语从句） （由关系代词whose引导的定语从句） （由关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句）必修2： 1.定语从句（关系代词that,which,who引导的定语从句） （由关系代词whose引导的定语从句） （由关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句） （限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句） 2.被动语态（一般将来时构成的被动语态） （现在完成时构成的被动语态） （现在进行时构成的被动语态） 必修3：情态动词 2.名词性从句（宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句）必修4：主语和谓语动词的一致 2.动词-ing形式 3.构词法（合成、转化、派生、） 我可是特意去翻了书的。
‘拾’ 求高一必修一英语一二单元知识点总结。
一、知识点
1. be good to 对……友好
be good for 对……有益；be bad to…/be bad for…
I will be good to other people.我会善良的对待其他人.
It would be good for you to spend a holiday in the sun. 在有阳光的地方度假会给你带来很多好处。
The Olympics will be good for business. 奥运会的召开将有利于商业的发展。
be good at 擅长make good 有成就；成功as good as 实际上；几乎等于
a good deal 许多，大量 彻底的；完全的；痛快的to have a good drink 喝个痛快
2. add up 加起来
add up to 合计，总计
add… to 把……加到…… add to 增加
Add up your score and see how many points you get? 把你的分数加起来，看看得多少？
Some people can add up quite easily in their heads, but not all.
Good friends do not add up what they do for each other; instead they offer help when it is needed.
The figures add up to 270. 这些数字加起来是270。
You shouldn’t add fuel to the flame 你不应该火上加油
Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night. 焰火使节日的夜晚更加生色。
The bad weather added to the shipwrecked sailors’ difficulties.恶劣的天气增加了失事船只的船员们的困难。
Your friend can not go until he finishes cleaning his bike.
not…until/till 意思是“直到…才”，表示主句谓语所表示的动作直到until状语所表示的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开始，动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的。
They did not come back until eleven. 他们会在十一点后回来。
I did not notice it until yesterday.我一直到昨天才注重到它。
4. You had to pay to get it repaired
get sth done 使……完成/让某人做某事
5. You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.
I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely!
calm …down使平息, 使平静
calm down平息/平静下来
The crying child soon calmed down.哭闹的小孩不多一会就安静下来。
It was a long time before he managed to calm himself down. 过了很久他才努力使自己冷静下来。
We tried to calm him down, but he kept crying.
我们试图让他平静下来，但他仍不停地哭着。
6. Tell your friend that you are concerned about him. be concerned about关心，挂念
He was very concerned about his children's ecation. 他很关心他儿子的教育。
Please don’t be concerned about me.请别为我操心。
Why is she so concerned about his attitude to her work? 她为什么那么关注他对她的工作的看法？
7. Your friend has gone on holiday and asked you to take care of his dog.
go on holiday 度假
be on holiday 正在休假
What fun it will be when we all go on holiday together.我们大家一起去度假那可太有意思了.
take care of 爱护，照料
take care 注意，当心
You are not (physically) strong, so you may as well take care of your health. 你的体格不壮，因此最好注意健康。
8. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose. 在遛狗的时候，你一粗心松开了手中的狗链。
当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。
walk sb home/ to a place: 为保证安全而陪某人去某地 It’s late ---- let me walk you home.
9. take one’s end-of-term exam 参加期末考试
10. 3) Your friend, who doesn’t work hard, asks you to help him cheat in the end-of-term exam.（非限制性定语从句）
cheat in the exam 考试作弊
11. look at someone else’s paper 看别人的试卷
12. make a list of reasons 列举一些原因
13. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗？
14. go through遭遇；经历；熬过；用光(钱)；获准，通过
It can go through the test of the time. 它能经受时间的考验.
She knew that she had got to go through all the difficulties with her family.
He would go through fire and water for his country. 他愿为国家赴汤蹈火。
15. hide away 躲藏；隐藏
16. I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do,…我不愿像大多数人一样在日记中记流水账，……
Why don't you set your ideas down on paper?
We have had a series of stormy days when we were on the island.
The police asked him to set down what he had seen in a report. 警察让他在报告中写下他所看见的事情。
16. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
17. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 我记得非常清楚，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。
18. I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.
有一天晚上，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮一次。
19. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn't dare open a window.但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。
She speaks French far better than I, so I don't dare talk with her in French.
20. I happened to be upstairs at sk when the window was open. 黄昏时我碰巧在楼上，那时窗户是开着的。
sth happen to sb 某人发生某事
What happened to him?
sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事 正巧 it so happened that 。。。
It happened that he was seen by his father. = He happened to be seen by his father.
他碰巧被他父亲看见了。
As I was about to go out and search for him, he happened to come in. 正当我打算出去找他时，他恰巧进来。
The street lights go on at sk. 街上的路段在傍晚时分亮起来。
21. It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
It is the first (second…etc) that… (从句谓语动词用现在完成时)
It was the first (second…etc) that… (从句谓语动词用过去完成时)
the first time 可作从属连词用，引导时间状语从句。The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.
It was the first time that I talked with a foreigner face to face.
I think we need a face-to-face talk so as to clear the misunderstanding.
I have often heard of her. Actually, I've never met her face to face.
22. in one’s power 处于……的控制之中
I have got him in my power. I can ask him to do anything I want. 我控制了他，我可以让他为我做任何事。
23. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.观看这些已不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。
It’s no good/ use doing sth. 做某事时没用的。
24. She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place.
25. suffer from 患…病; 受…苦痛;遭受
Most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic jam. 世界上大多数大城市都交通堵塞为患。
26. It was such fun to watch it run loose in the park.
27. I’ve got tired of looking nature through dirty curtains and sty windows.
28. I need to pack up my things in the suitcase very quickly.
29. Mum asked her if she was very hot with so many clothes on.
with+名词/代词(宾格)+分词/形容词/介词短语/不定式/副词在句中常作伴随状语。动词形式的选择取决于宾语同动词之间的逻辑关系。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
30. have some trouble with sb or sth. 在……上遇到了麻烦
I have some trouble with my studies.
31. get along … with sb/sth. 与某人相处怎样/某事进展如何？
If you have some trouble (in) getting along with your friends, you can write to the editor and ask for advice. 如果你在和朋友的相处上有问题，你可以写信给编辑向他征求建议。
32. This has made me angry.
…he made her diary her best friend…
make 后接复合宾语，宾语补足语须用不带to 的不定式、形容词、过去分词、名词等。常见的有以下几种形式:
make sb. do sth.让(使)某人做某事。He was made to repeat it.(注意在被动句中，不定式前要加to)
make sb. /sth. +adj.使某人/物…We should do our best to make our country stronger and more beautiful.
make sb./ oneself +v-ed 让某人/自己被…When you speak, you should make yourself understood.
(4) make sb.+n. 使某人成为…
make it n. /adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. We made him leader of our team. (注意表示职位的名词前不加冠词)
He made it easy for us to understand the text.
33. I’m not good at communicating with people.
34. Although I tried to talk to my classmates, I still found it hard to make friends with them.
35. I do want to change this situation, but I don’t know how.
36. Mr. Jones lives alone and often feels lonely. 琼斯先生单独一人生活，常常感到孤独。
37. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 如果您给我提些建议，我会非常感谢的。 （I would be grateful if… 委婉客气提出请求）
38. join in discussions and show interest in other people’s ideas
39. It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary. 记日记对你来说是个好习惯。
40. Why not have a try?
41.True friends are like wine; the older, the better.
42. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.
43. A friend in need is a friend indeed.