Ⅰ 初中英语语法知识
中学英语语法精典总结 1.sometimes/some times/sometime/some time: sometimes: “有时”=at times. He is sometimes late for school. some times: “几次”I have been to Nanjing some times. sometime: “某一时刻”I bought it sometime last spring. some time: “一段时间”We have to stay here for some time. 2.need 的用法:1.need可当情态动词(和can等用法类似,但need只用于疑问句或否定句中):Need I go now? (need 在一般疑问句的开头) I needn’t tell you the answer. (否定句中直接在need后加not) 【当情态动词时,need无时态变化。】 need 可当行为动词(和want 等用法类似): He needs a bike. (后可直接加名词) I need to go over my lessons. (后接带to不定式) Do you need to have a rest? (一般疑问句中do, does, did在句首) We don’t need to wait for her coming. (否定句中do,does,did提前) 【注:need 后接表被动的内容时,可表达为: The TV needs to be repaired. = The TV needs repairing.】 3.do with 与deal with: 都译为“处理,对付,安排,应付” What have you done with the milk? 用what提问。 How shall we deal with this problem? 用how提问。 下面两句由此而来:Could you tell me what to do with the milk? Could you tell me how to deal with this problem?4.就近原则:常见的有:Either you or Lucyis wrong. There is a dog and two cats in the yard. (there be句型) Not only you but (also) Iam strict in the work. Neither you nor Lucy has seen the film before. 5.主谓一致:One/Neither of you is right. (单数谓语) Tom, with his friends, has gone. (主语是Tom, 单数谓语) This pair of shoes looks beautiful. (主语是pair, 单数谓语) The shoes look beautiful. (主语无pair, 复数谓语) Every boy and every girl has a chance to do it. (单数谓语) The old need to be looked after carefully. The young are energetic. (the 加形容词表一类人,谓语用复数) Mr. and Mrs Green are from America. 指格林夫妇 (复数谓语) The teacher and writer is an able man.指教师兼作家, 一个人,单数谓语。 Both you and I are excited about the news. (复数谓语) the number of与a number of6.quite/such/really用法之一:如果出现不定冠词时,常放在后面。 It’s quite an easy question. He is quite a clever boy. It’s such an important lesson.(另见33) Lily is really a lazy girl. 7.部分用what 提问的句型: What size do you want? What will you do with the problem? What’s the population of China? What day is it today? What’s the date today? What’s the price of this one? 8.there be部分用法:1There is only a student taking notes now. There is no need to open the box. There are 20 trees to be planted. 2常有以下结构: there may/will/must/is going to/used to/…be. … 3there be中不可再出现have/has/had(有)的词。 9.常见表否定的词或短语:no, not, hardly, few, little, neither, nor, nothing, nobody, none, nowhere等. 有些有时在某些句型中也相当于否定,如without, too…to… without anything, too tired to go any further 但前缀如dis--, un--, in--或后缀如--less,并不表否定。 10.常见后接动词原形的词或短语: why not / had better / please /would you please / let / make / 情态动词,等等。【注意否定形式:had better/ would you please/ let直接加not + 动原;而please加don’t+动原】 11.常见后接动词ing的词或短语:finish /enjoy /practice /give up / end up /put off /consider /keep /feel like /prefer…to…/can’t help / be busy /be worth /take turns /miss(错过) /spend /have fun /介词等。 12.常见后接带to不定式的词或短语:want /hope /wish /allow /encourage /ask /tell /pretend /decide /plan/invite /urge/ advise/warn/ seem /in order (为了) /疑问词,等等。 另外it作形式主语,后也常有带to不定式。 【否定:以上大多词 + not + to do sth】 13.被动语态(be +v.过去分词)用法:I did it. →It was done. 双宾:He told us a story.→We were told a story.→A story was told to us. She passed me a pen.→I was passed a pen.→A pen was passed to me. 情态动词:We can make a plan. →A plan can be made. 进行时态:Tom is writing a letter.→A letter is being written by Tom. 完成时态:I have finished the work. →The work has been finished. 14.名词或所属格作定语:1强调性别时a man doctor / two men doctors ; a woman teacher / six women teachers 被修饰词是单数时,性别也用单数;被修饰词是复数时,性别也用复数。 2a girl actor / four girl actors a boy player / two boy players a bus station / some bus stations 复数只变被修饰的词。 3a boys’ team / a gentlemen’s holiday / the Teachers’ Day / the Children’s Day “复数 + ’s ”作定语,译为“…的…” 4Father’s Day / Mother’s Day 此处“单数 + ’s ”作定语。 附:and连接的名词所属格:Lucy’s and Ann’s fathers are workers. 分别是两个人的爸爸,所以应分别加“’s” Lucy and Ann’s father is very interesting. 两个人共有的爸爸,所以在两人后只加一个“’s”。) 15.win与beat区别:win后加物:I’m sure Jim will win the match. We won the first place in the sports meeting. 而beat后加的是人:I’m afraid they will beat us. I hope we can beat the boys’ team. (男子队,相当于人。) 16.it/that/one的部分用法:1it 指上文的某个事物,和上文是同一个。This book is very useful. I will take good care of it. it也可指上文所说的事:My son has lost himself in the computer games. I’m worried about it. 2that与上文所说是同一类,但不是同一个,常指不可数名词。The food in China is quite different from that in America. The weather of Hainan is better than that of Gansu. that也可指上文所说的事:A: I had an accident and broke my legs. B: I’m sorry to hear that. 3one 指代上文所说的某类可数名词单数,但不是同一个物。This sweater is too expensive, do you have another one?(也指毛衣,但不是上文那个) 17.at/by the end of, in the end 的区别: 1at the end of +时间点或地点,“在…的尽头,在…的末尾” They will have a sports meeting at the end of March. (加时间) He put some books at the end of the bed. (加地点) 2by the end of +时间点,“截止到…末” 若接过去的时间点,常用过去完成时:They had planted six thousand trees by the end of last month. 若接将来的时间,常用一般将来时:We shall finish the work by the end of next month. 3in the end “最后”,后不加of 短语:They wanted to find a place to rest in, in the end, they saw a village. 18.have gone to/have been to/have been in: 1have gone to+地点“已去了…(还未回来)”-I can’t find those children, where are they? -They have gone to the farm. (去了农场,不在这儿) 2have been to+地点“去过…(原来去过,现在已回)”句尾常接次数或多个地点或before,或句中常有ever, never等。 She has been to Qing three times. I have been to two big cities. Have you been to Dalian before? I have never/ever been to Dalian. I have never been there before. (此短语省略了to) 3have been in+地点,“已在…(多久了)”句尾常接for+时间段,或since +时间点/一般过去时的句子。 Peter has been in China for a long time. I’ve been here for 2 hours/since 2 hours ago. (此短语省略了in) 19.all/whole用法:all (of) the land / all (of) the class / all (of) the students…【all 在定冠词the 前】 the whole school / the whole country / the whole area…【whole 在定冠词the 后】 20.a bit / a little区别:都可作副词,后直接加形容词和副词。 I’m a bit / a little hungry. She feels a bit / a little tired. 也可作代词或形容词,后接名词时有所不同: I have only a little drink. She ate a little bread and went out. (a little 直接加名词) 而下文:I have only a bit of drink. She ate a bit of bread and went out. (a bit 先加of再加名词) 21.“擅长”与“不擅长”; “对…有利”与“对…有害”: “擅长”:be good at / do well in “不擅长”:be bad in / be poor in / be weak in / do badly in “对…有利”:be good for “对…有害”:be bad for 22. 表数量的词和短语的部分用法:1none / all / some / most / plenty of / a lot of (lots of) 后既可接可数名词复数,也可接不可数名词。2many / (a) few / a number of / several只接可数名词复数。3much / (a) little / a bit of只接不可数名词。 23.易用错的副词:1really可修饰动词、副词和形容词,常在它们前面。I really love reading. I really miss you. (修饰动词) Tom speaks really quickly. 汤姆说得非常快。(修饰副词) It’s really kind of you. 你真好。 (修饰形容词) 2very much常修饰动词want, miss, hate, love, like, dislike, enjoy, take after(长得像…), move(使…感动), excite(使…激动)等等。常在句尾。Jack wants to go there very much. 杰克很想去那 23very修饰形容词和副词,放在它们前面: She is very kind. I am very happy. Peter speaks very slowly. (very不可修饰动词:I very like English. He very misses you.等类似结构都是错误的。) 24.常用于现在完成时的词或短语:for(后加时间段,句中谓语用延续性动词);since(后加时间点或一般过去时的句子,主句谓语用延续性动词);How long(对时间段或for与since引导的内容提问,句中谓语也用延续性动词)in/all one’s life(在某人一生);in/ring the past/last+时间段 (在最近的…时间内) ;so far(到目前为止);yet(用于句尾,用在疑问句或否定句中);already (用于句中或句尾,用在肯定的陈述句中) ;ever;never;just;before(单独用在句子末尾,常用此时态。但若时间段加before, 常用过去完成时) 以及recently等. 25.形容词与副词区别:1形容词修饰名词,作定语(划线部分): She is a kind girl. What bad weather! I bought a new bike. 形容词可在系动词后,作表语(划线部分): The girl is kind. His face turned red. It tastes sweet. 2副词(划线部分)修饰动词、形容词、副词,也可修饰整个句子。 He ran quickly. Please speak loudly. Tim lives alone. 修饰动词 She is very angry. He felt too tired. I’m so lucky. 修饰形容词 He got up quite early. She did it very well. 修饰副词 Unluckily, I failed the English exam. 修饰整个句子26.everyday与every day: everyday是形容词,后接名词,“日常的”。He is practicing everyday English. every day是副词,作时间状语,“每天”。We speak English every day.
Ⅱ 初中英语知识:这样表达为什么不对
表示地点的时候应该用AT...而不是OF
of的使用方法没有掌握。。
我感觉's有一种所属的含义,比如A's B表示B是属于A的,如Mary's bag
而B of A一般表示B是A的一个特征,如the size of father's coat
eg. pictures of Mary
Mary's pictures
两者都可译为“玛莉的相片”但具体意思不同。
前者表明照片上的人是玛莉,后者表明照片归玛莉所有。
总的来说,of倾向于修饰的意思。例如sword of moon——月之剑,moon就起到了修饰sword的作用。再如the city of Beijing——北京城,Beijing就起到了修饰the city的作用。
而's则倾向于归属的意思。
其实有些情况二者也不是不可以混用的。
Ⅲ 初中英语知识点问题
1.other后接单复数均可,other one或other two students.
others只能作代词,意思是“其它的人(物或事等)”,常用来泛指。
the other也是既能作形容词,又能作代词。但它一般用来表示总数为二时的“另外一个”,经常与one搭配。 other也能既作形容词又可作代词,意思是“别的,另外的”。
the others也只能作代词,意思与others相近,但常用来特指。
the rest其余者;剩余部分another作形容词时,是指在原有的基础上再加一(些),表示“再一(些)”或“另外一个(些)”的意思,在心理上至少有三个。 another还可作代词,意思与作形容词时一样。它前面不能加任何冠词,后面也不能加s 2.选A 这里面A是修饰物的 C是修饰人的 题目问的是CARD 是物品 所以选A3.in one's sixties是固定用法 B项没有这种用法
over sixties一般用作名词 与for连用 例: It costs£3.70 for grown-ups ,£2 for children and less for over sixties4.be familiar to 物作主语 be familiar with 人作主语例:Shanghai is not familiar to me. I am still not familiar with Shanghai.5.这道题是应该用to 但其他时候不是一定用to了 这是方位介词的问题 方位介词的分辨比较,一般是in / to/ on 三者的的区别
I. "in the+方位名词"指的是小范围在一个大范围的里面,表示"在某范围之内",强调两者的包含关系。如:
Beijing is in the north of China. 北京在中国的北部。
II. "on the+方位名词"指的是一个范围紧挨着另一个范围,表示"两地接壤",强调两者为相邻关系。如:
Korea is on the northeast of China. 朝鲜在中国的东北面。
III. "to the+方位名词"指的是一个范围和另一个范围之间隔段距离,表示"在某范围之外",强调两者是远离关系。如:
Japan is to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东边。 6.go to college意思是上大学 表示的是泛指 英语有很多习惯用语都不用冠词的, 如:“go to school上学”、“go to bed睡觉”等等。 go to the college则表示特指 是指上某一所大学 需要根据语境具体分析7.in hospital表示住院 说明主语因生病而住院 in the hospital表示在医院 不是住院 只是在医院工作或去看望病人 希望能帮助到你 只是简练的说了一下 不清楚的话再问也OK
Ⅳ 总结初中英语知识点
还在为初中英语学习感到烦躁吗?如何可以贯通老师上节课所说的知识?现在小编将分享三个秘诀,让您的英语学习更轻松!
3.可以放弃过于复杂和长的句子,有些学生对写作要求较高,一般来说,他们会学会使用长而复杂的句子,并且需要使用正确的语句,但如果不是特别清楚的语法的使用,建议不要这样写.
以上就是初中英语学习的技巧,希望这些内容可以帮助到你.
Ⅳ 跪求初中英语语法全部知识
八种时态的具体用法:
一般现在时 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。
① 一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语:often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如:They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意)
② 表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如:The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快)
③ 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如:The train for Haikou leaves at 8:00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车)
④ 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如:Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家)
⑤ 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如:Here comes the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。
⑥ 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.
⑦ 人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有:like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如:I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿)
一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常
发生。
① 表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有:at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句。如:I got up at 6:00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话)
② 表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有:yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。如:He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市)
③ 表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有:last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如:Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him.
④ 讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如:I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西)
一般将来时 表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。
①一般将来时的时间状语有:tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon,
someday,sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。
② 用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”
用于所有人称。如:I will graate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了)
③ “am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情,而“am/is/are to +动词原形”表示安排或计划中的动作。如:A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一个人告诉他们那个妇女就会生下那个特别的男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)
④ 表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。如:I will go to the lab to get some
chemicals(化学药剂). So please wait until I return.(我要到化学实验室去取些药品,请等我回头)
⑤ 现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态)
⑥ shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如:Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗?)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗?)
⑦ “be to +动词原形”表示按照计划将要发生的事情。如:An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy.
(4)现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。
① 现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。
② 现在进行时的时间状语有: now, this …, these…等,但经常不用。如:What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么?)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说)
③ 表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有:come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如:I’m coming now.(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么?)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了)
④ 表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如:He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净)
(5)过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。
① 过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。
② 过去进行时的时间状语有:then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的时间状语从句。如:He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具)
③ 用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。如:She was it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌)
④ 也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如:He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱)
(6)现在完成时 现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。
①在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。
②表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有:already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如:I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)/ He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国)
③表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有:for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如:I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我离开家乡有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作)
④口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如:They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书)
⑤have been to与have gone to的区别:have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。如:--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里?他去了英国。)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情况吗?是的,我去过那里三次。)
⑥在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表:
瞬间性动词的完成时 → 延续性动词或状态动词的完成时
have (already) gone to… have been in / at … for (two years)
has come to… has been here since (1990)
(had) left… (had) been away from…
arrived… been in…
died been dead
begun been on
ended been over
bought... had…
borrowed… kept…
joined… been in …
或者使用下面这个句型:
It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语
[注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是:瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如:How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久?)(句子中keep取代了borrow)
(7) 过去完成时 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。
①过去完成时由“助动词had+动词的过去分词”构成。
②过去完成时时间状语有:by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语。如:They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了)
③过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中,或者从句是before引导的主句中。如:After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走进了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他说他以前从来没有见过袋鼠)
(8) 过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
①过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。
②过去将来时常由于宾语从句中,时间状语有:later, soon, the next (day).
③在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时,而应该使用一般过去时。如:He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答应付给我许多钱如果我帮助他搞那个项目)/ Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就会坐下来看看书)
④表示纯粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/were going to (+动词原形)。如:She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告诉我她下个月就18岁了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告诉我她打算带她的宠物狗去散步)
⑤过去将来时还可以表示一个过去经常性的动作。如:When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨时他会随身带一把雨伞)
(9)现在完成进行时:现在完成进行时指一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并由可能继续下去的动作,它具有现在完成时和现在进行时双重特征,结构是:“have/has + been +动词的现在分词”。如:I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.(我已经在冰冷的水里游了将近两个小时)/ How long have you been waiting here?(你在这里一直等了多久?)
Ⅵ 初中英语问题
1. 问题解答: 动词的第三人称单数形式只出现在一般现在时而且主语是第三人称单数的情况下。英语语法规定如果谓语动词使用的动词的单三形式,如果对句子再进行否定、强调或者其他的语法变形,一般都要借助助动词does,使得这个does和后面的动词形成复合谓语,但是复合谓语中只能保留一个助动词,另外一个则应是动词原形形式。这种情况跟情态动词加实义动词原形的情况是一致的。不仅是一般现在时,而且在一般过去时和一般将来时这三种简单时态中,只要使用助动词,那么实义动词充当的谓语动词必须恢复成动词原形形式。
2. 语言知识: 一般现在是是英语中三种简单时态之一,主要用来表示动作或行为在现阶段反复多次出现或发生,也常常用来描写客观事实。在大多数情况下,一般现在时句子的谓语动词使用的是动词原形形式。但是当主语由第三人称主格人称代词he,she,it或者与之语法功能类似的名词充当时,谓语动词词尾则要添加后缀–s或者–es,也就是动词的第三人称单数形式。一般现在时的句子除了主要动词是be动词与复合谓语(情态动词+动词原形)的情况以外,由肯定句变成否定句,由陈述句变成疑问句,由普通句变为强调句,一般都要借助助动词do或者does。但要牢记: 一旦使用助动词do或者does,那么谓语动词则必须恢复成动词原形形式。
3. 典型例句:
① I usually do my homework after dinner. But my sister does not. 我通常在晚饭后做家庭作业。但我妹妹不是这样。
② Does your sister often do her homework before dinner? 你妹妹在晚饭前做家庭作业吗?
③ I don't play football with my classmates very often. 我并不常常和同学踢足球。
④ Yes, that's true. My grandparents do get up very early in the morning. 是的,那是真的。我爷爷奶奶早上的确起床起得很早。
Ⅶ 初中英语语法知识点总结有哪些
一、谓语动词和非谓语动词
从是否能充当句子中的谓语来看,动词有谓语动词和非谓语动词两大类。
1、谓语动词
有人称和数的变化。如:Heisa tractor driver.他是一个拖拉机手。
2、非谓语动词
非谓语动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种,在句子里都不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化。如:I am pleasedto meet you.我很高兴与你相识。(动词不定式)
二、实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词
从其含义来分,动词有实义动词(notional verb),连系动词(link verb),情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。
1、实义动词
实义动词有完全的词义,并能独立作谓语动词。
如:The sunshonebrightly this morning.
今天早晨阳光灿烂。
2、连系动词
连系动词在句中作谓语动词,后面跟表语。英语连系动词有be(是),seem(似乎),look(看来),keep(保持),become(变成),get(变得),grow(变得),feel(感到),turn(变得,变成),appear(显得),remain(仍旧是)等。
如:Itisnever too late to mend.
改过不嫌晚。
3、情态动词
情态动词有can (能),may (可以,也许),must(必须)等,表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。
4、助动词
助动词有shall,will,have,be,should,wonld, do等。它们只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式,以及否定和疑问等结构中的谓语动词。
三、及物动词和不及物动词
从是否能直接跟宾语来分,实义动词又有及物动词和不及物动词两类。
1、及物动词
后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。
如:Ibelievethat the committee willconsiderour suggestion.
我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
2、不及物动词
本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。
如:Ithappenedin June 1932.
这件事发生于一九三;年六月。
3、兼作及物动词和不及物动词
英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况:
a) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)
b) 兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。
如:Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。
四、情态动词
在行为动词、连系动词以外,还有两类动词,其中之一就是情态动词。从字面上看,我们就知道这是表示“感情与态度”的动词。
比如:Icando it without much difficulty. (能够,表示自信)
事实上,情态动词的英文说法modal verb,还是值得推敲的。modal,来自于名词mode,和modality(模式,方式)紧密相关,包括likelihood可能性, ability 能力, permission 许可与obligation责任这四种模式。
情态动词自身所具备的意义一般来说也是不完整的,不过和需要涉及其他事物的及物动词不同,情态动词不涉及其他事物,需要的是其他动词,即行为动词和连系动词,来配合使用。
一般来说情态动词是不能用作行为动词的,但也有例外,比如need,既可以用作情态动词,也可以是行为动词,看它的后面跟的是什么。
五、助动词
还有一类动词,也是意义上不完整、需要配合行为动词、连系动词使用的,那就是助动词。顾名思义,助动词就是用来帮助主要动词构成谓语的。
主要包括进行时态的be(is / am / are / was / were)、一般时态的do / does / did,将来时态的will / shall / would / should和完成时态的have / has / had。这种动词的英文名称叫auxiliary verb,简写是v. aux.。
Ⅷ 初中英语知识点总结
初中英语怎么学?初中英语学习技巧有哪些?
英语是从小学就开始学习的一门课程,但是很多的学生升到初中的时候会发现比较难学,可能会出现听不懂的问题,那么初中英语怎么学?
最后,你可能在学习到难点之后,需要请一个只属于你的老师,如果你真的想学习好这们课程,小编建议找一个老师,跟着他去学习,这样你才能弥补自己的不足,帮你躲过英语中的那些错误,时间一长你会发现你的英语成长的速度是非常快的,并且可以取得自己想要的成绩,希望这篇初中英语怎么学内容当中的技巧能够帮助到你,只要按以上的方式学习就可以取得自己想要的分数.