1. 初二英语语法有哪些
初二上
1. so+谓语+主语：…也一样. 谓语:be动词/助动词/情态动词
2. so+主语+谓语:的确如此,真的这样.
3. help yourself/yurselves to．．．请随便吃点．．．
4. 发现sb做sth : find sb doing sth
5. 不完全同意I don’t really agree.
完全不同意I really don’t agree.
6. 或者．．或者．．．either…or…..就近原则
既不．．也不．．neither…nor….就近原则
既．．．．又．．．both…and….谓语用复数
7. 看起来，似乎It seems/seemed that…..
8. 由于．．．而闻名be famous for….
9. 餐馆就餐用语：a table for two/sit at the table by the window/here’s the menu/May I take your order?/could we have the bill?/That’s all.
10. 问路Which is the way to…/where is…/How can I get to…/Is there a..near here/Can you tell me the way to…/Can you tell me how I can get to…?
11. turn right at the third crossing/traffic lights在第3个路口往右拐＝take the third crossing on your right
12. 过桥go across the bridge=cross the bridge
13. 走到路的尽头go up this road to the end=go on until you reach the end.
14. at the street corner在街角
15. on sb’s way to….在sb去…的途中/路上
16. what’s the matter?=what’s wrong?=what’s the trouble?怎么了?
17. be sick in hospital/in bed 生病住院/卧床
18. Maybe it is there=it may be there可能在那里.
19. It takes/took/will take sb+时间+to do sth. Sb做sth花费了…时间
20. 路途遥远It’s (5 kms)far(away) from…=That’s quite a long way.
21. wait for…等待
22. 五分钟的步行/驾驶路程：five minutes’ walk/drive
23. 迷路lose sb’s way/sb be lost/sb get lost
24. just then=just at that time/moment就在那时
25. 首先first of all=at first
26. a big city like Tokyo像东京这样的大城市
27. It’s easy/interesting/important/ (for sb) to do sth.（对sb来说）做sth是容易的/有趣的/重要的.
28. if 条件状语从句：从句一般现在时，主句一般将来时。如：If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the zoo.
29. at the head /end of…在…的前/尾部
30. 我的背很疼. My back hurts badly.
31. 为…做准备get /be ready for…
32. stop sb (from) doing sth.阻止/不让sb做sth
33. have a good/wonderful time=enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴
34. answer in a tired voice/with a smile 用疲惫的声音/面带微笑回答。
35. quarrel with sb on sth 为了sth与sb 吵架
36. complain about sth 为…而抱怨,投诉
37. 生病用语：sb have a headache=sb have a pain in the head 头痛，have a cough 咳嗽，have/catch a cold 感冒，have cancer 得了癌症。
38. have /take the medicine three times a day 吃药，每天3次
39. take sb’s temperature 量体温，look over 医生检查病人
40. drink more water 多喝水，take more exercise 多锻炼
41. sb醒来: sb wake up, //sb 醒着的：sb be awake
42. sb 睡着了入睡 be/fall asleep
43. 忙着…bu busy doing/with sth
44. as soon as… 一… 就 ...
45. sleeping pills安眠药，light music 轻音乐
46. again and again 再三地，一次又一次
47. dream about…梦见…; dream of… 梦想成为…
48. 系动词+形容词: be/smell/taste/sound/look/feel/turn/get/become
49. make trouble制造麻烦，惹是生非，make a noise 制造噪音
50. every five minutes 每隔5分钟
51. instead/instead of…代替，取而代之，反而
52. write to sb. 写信给sb
53. get enough sleep 睡眠充足；stay happy 保持心情开朗
54. on time 准时；in time 按时
55. sb had better (not) do sth， sb 最好（别）做sth
56. land on …登陆
57. pull…out of..=pull…up from…拉上来
58. 不定代词：something/anyone/nobody/everywhere等
59. we’re all by ourselves=we’re alone.单独，独自
60. feel a little afraid/don’t be afraid. 有点害怕/别害怕
61. perhaps=maybe也许，可能
62. not …until… 直到…才…
63. sooner or later 迟早，早晚
64. ran after追//ran to …向..跑去// ran away 逃跑了
65. eat up 吃光// use up 用完
66. take (good) care of ..=look after…照顾，保管
67. 我自学英语learn English by myself= teach myself English
68. learn to do sth 学会…
69. 记日记 keep a diary，写日记 write a diary
70. leave sb by oneself 单独留下sb
71. join in the League/Party 入团/党
72. 越来越…:比较级+and+比较级; more and more +多音节词。如：bigger and bigger , more and more interesting
73. 越…, 就越…: the +比较级，the +比较级。 如：越大越好：the bigger, the better
74. turn on/off 开/关（电器），turn up/down音量开大/小
75. the whole story=all the story整个故事,整件事情
76. 过了一会儿after a while/moment
77. make faces 做鬼脸
78. 名胜，景点interesting places=places of interest
79. my hometown in Zhejiang 我浙江的老家
80. 暑假summer holidays; 五一假期 May 1st holiday
81. a strong wind大风；in the wind 在风里
82. make sb do sth. 使/逼迫sb做sth
83. 倒装句（为了强调）There he is./ Away he went.
84. with these words. 说完这些话，说着说着（伴随状语）。
85. I don’t know how to use it yet. 我不知道怎样使用它。
where to go. 我不知道该去哪里。
what to do. 我不知道该做什么。
86. wait for sb’s turn to do sth 等着轮到sb做sth
It’s sb’s turn to do sth. 轮到sb去做sth
被动：be+动词过去分词
eg：The trees are planted every year.
过去完成时:
过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生的动作或情况，一般用在描述过去的某个时点已经发生过的动作或情况的句子中,即：过去的过去。如:
When we got there, the football match had already started.
当我们赶到时，足球比赛已经开始了。
过去完成时由“主语+had+动词过去分词”构成。其肯定句，否定句和疑问句结构如下：
肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他.
否定句：主语+had not+过去分词+其他.
疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他?
He had worked for two years by then. 到那时他已经工作两年了。
He hadn't worked for two years by then. 到那时他已经两年不工作了。
Had he worked for two years by then? 到那时他已经工作两年了吗？
三、过去完成时的基本用法
1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作，表示对这一过去时间造成的结果或影响。常用以下几种方式：
(1) 用by，before等构成的介词短语。 eg:
Linda had learnt 10 English songs by the end of last month.
到上个月底，琳达已经学了10首英文歌曲。
John had repaired that machine before midnight.
在半夜之前约翰已经修好了那台机器。
(2) 用when, before, after等引导的时间状语从句。如:
The train had started before we got to the station.
在我们到达车站之前，火车已经开了。
The plane had taken off when I reached the airport.
我到达机场时，飞机已经起飞了。
2. 过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时间以前发生开始的动作持续到
这一过去的时间。常与for, since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。如:
I had worked in a hospital for three years before I came here.
我来这之前，在一家医院已经工作三年了。
He told us that he had worked here since 10 years before.
初二下
a pair of一双，一对
ask for 请求
ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干
agree with赞同
all year round一年到头，全年
all kinds of各种，各样
all the time一直
argue with与争吵
around the world在世界各地
arrive in/at到达
at least至少
at a meeting在开会
at first首先
as…as possible尽可能
as…as象一样
be able to能够
be angry with 生气
be mad at对感到气愤
be good at擅长于
be careful小心
be allowed被允许
be surprised惊讶
be supposed to被期望/被要求
be interested in对感兴趣
break the rule打破规则
by the way顺便
complain about抱怨
come along出现，发生
come true实现，达到
come in进来
cut in line插队
call sb. up打电话给
do/wash the dishes洗碗
drop litter乱扔垃圾
do well in在方面做得好
enjoy /finish doing sth喜欢/完成某事
end up结束
fall in love with爱上
fall asleep入睡
far from远离
first of all首先
fly to飞向
find out找到
…find it adj. to do sth
keep…down压低声音
keep out不让进入
look for寻找
look smart 看起来精干
look after照顾
look through浏览
let (sb) in让进
let sb do sth 让某人干
get along相处
get over克服
get annoyed生气
get bored厌烦
get an ecation受教育
get on (well) with与相处（好）
get injured受伤
give sb sth/give sth to sb给某人某物
give away赠送
go skating去溜冰
go out of从出去/来
have a fight with与打架/争吵
have a surprise party举行惊讶聚会
have a great/good time玩得愉快
have been to曾到过
hear about/of听说
hundreds of好几百
had better (not) do sth最好做
in a minute一会儿
in 100 years100年后
in good health身体健康
in front of 在前面
in the future 未来，将来
in the front of在前面
in the playground在操场
in/out of style时髦/过时
in silence默默地
in order to目的
in (Russian) style具有俄国风格
in public places在公共场合
make sb do sth使某人干
make a living (doing sth)谋生
make money赚钱
make friends with与交友
more than多于
need to do sth 需要干
not…anymore不再
not…until直到为止
not at all一点也不
on (my tenth) birthday在（我十岁）生日
on the phone在通话
on the one/other hand在一（另）方面
open up打开
put out熄灭
pick…up捡起
pass (sth) on (to sb)传递
pay for 付款
part-time job兼职工作
run out of用尽
run away逃跑
rather than胜于
right away立刻，马上
spend…on/(in) doing sth花费
seem to do sth好象干
sleep late睡懒觉
see sb do/doing sth看某人做/在做
start/begin to do/doing sth 开始干某事
adj.(special) enough够（特别
It take sb some time to do sth.花费某人时间干某事
the same as与相同
try (not) to do sth尽力（不）干
three quarters四分之三
turn on/off打开/关掉
turn up/down开大/关小
talk to/with与谈话
take care of照顾
take part in参加
take off起飞take away拿走
take place发生
take an interest in对感兴趣
take care (not) to do小心（不）做
thanks for (doing)谢谢（做）
wait in line排队等候
want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干
There will be fewer/less…
--What should I do?
--You should do…
--what were you doing when…?
--I was (doing)…when…
While he was (doing)…,a girl called the police.
If you wear jeans to the party, the teachers won’t let you in.
--How long have you been skating?
--I’ve been skating since nine o’clock/for five hours.
Would you mind (not) doing sth?
Could you please (not) do sth?
Why don’t you /not (do sth)?
How/What about sth/doingsth?
他告诉我他自从十年前就一直在这儿工作了。
2. 初二英语语法有什么
中考重点句型
一、常使用动词不定式的短语
1、It’s time to do sth.\ It’s time for sth
该作某事的时候了.
2、can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事
3、ask /telle sb. (not ) to do sth.
要求/告诉某人(不)作某事
4、allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人作某事
5、be supposed to do sth. 应该作某事
6、Would like /want (sb.) to do sth. 想要作某事
7、have sth/nothing to do 有…时要做/与…无关
8、find it +adj. to do sth. 发觉作某事…
9、prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
宁愿作某事,而不愿作某事
10、It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.
作某事对某人来说…
11、It’s better /best to do sth. 最好做某事
12、It takes sb. sometime. to do sth.
某人做某事用了一些时间
二、常用动名词的短语
1、 enjoy /like /love doing sth. 喜欢做某事
2、 keep /keep on /carry on / go on doing sth.
继续做某事
3、feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
4、practise doing sth. 练习作某事
5、give up doing sth. 放弃作某事
6、be good at= do well in\on doing sth. 擅长作某事
7、pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事
8、what about/ how about doing sth.
….怎么样(好吗)?
9、Thank you for doing sth. 为…感谢某人
10、mind doing sth. 介意作某事
11、be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 、
被用来作某事
12、spend …(in) doing sth. 花时间作某时
13、be busy doing/ with sth. 忙于作某事
14、finish doing sth. 作完某时
15、look forward to doing. 盼望做某事
16、prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢…胜过…
17、be/get used to doing sth. 习惯作某事
18、keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth.
阻止某人作某事
三、省略动词不定式的短语
1、一看二听三使役
see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /listen to sb. do sth.
看见/听见/感觉/注意某人作某事
make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事
2、help sb. (to) do sth/ with sth.帮助某人作某事
3、 had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事
4、 Why don’t you/ not do sth.为什么不作某事
5、Would /Will / Could you please (not) do sth.
请你(不)作某事好吗?
四、 同义词比较
1、 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事
eg. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest.
2、 forget / remember to do sth.
忘记/记得要去作某事
forget / remember doing sth.
忘记记得曾经做过某事
eg. Please remember to bring my book to school.
I remember doing my homework
3、 used to do sth. 过去常常作某事
be used to do sth. 被用来作某事
be used to doing sth. 习惯于作某事
eg. My father used to smoke.
Wood is used to make paper.
I am used to getting up early.
4、So +be/助动词/情态动词 + 主语
…也一样
So +主语+be/助动词/ 情态动词
是呀,表示赞同别人的观点
Neither + be /助动词/ 情态动词+主语
…也不一样（用于否定句）
eg. He has been to Beijing. So have I.
It’s a fine day. So it is.
She doesn’t like eggs. Neither do I.
5、 too…to do sth. 太…而不能…
so +adj. /adv + that(从句) 如此…以致…
such +（a/an +adj.）+n.+ that(从句)
如此…以致…
(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth.
(对某人来说)做某事(不)够
eg. The boy is too young to go to school.
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school.
The boy is not old enough to go to school.
五、常考知识点
1、keep +adj. 保持…状态
keep (sb.) doing sth.
继续做某事/使某人老是做某事
eg. Everyone should keep our classroom clean.
It’s too late, but he still keeps working.
Lily always keeps us waiting for her.
2、make+ sb. + n. 使某人成为
make + sb. + adj. 使某人…
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
Sb. be made to sth. 某人被迫做某事
eg. We made Peter our monitor.
Books make us happy.
He often makes me laugh.
The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.
3、I don’t think that 我认为…不
eg. I don’t think you are right.
4、It’s /was/has been+ some time +since+一般过去时… 自从…以来有多久了
eg. It has been two years since we met last time.
6、 What do you mean by?=What does .. mean?=what is the meaning of...?
是什么意思?
eg. What do you mean by “computer”?=What does “computer” mean?=what is the meaning of "computer"?
7、 What do you think of…/How do you like …?
你认为…怎么样?
eg. What do you think of this film /How do you like this film?
8、 What is/was/will …be like? ..怎么样?
eg. What is the weather like?
What will the life in the future be like?
9、 It’s said/ reported that… 据说/据报道
It's well known that 众所周知
It's thought that 大家认为
eg. It’s said that the population of the word would be 6 billion in 2050.
10、one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数
…其中之一
eg. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
11、neither…nor… 既不…也不（两者都不）
either…or…要么…要么/或者…或者/不是…就是
not only…but also… 不但…而且
以上三个词做主语时,要用就近原则
eg. Neither you nor he has been to the USA.
Either he or you go to the park.
Not only my mother but also my father is a teacher.
neither of 两者都不
either of 两者选一
none of 没有一个
以上三个做主语时，谓语动词用单数
All of 全部 Both of 两者都
以上二个做主语时，谓语动词用复数
12、比较级+ than +any other +名词单数
…比其余任何一个…
比较级+ than + the other+名词复数
eg. Shanghai is bigger than any other city=shanghai is bigger than the other cities in China.
13、When（当…的时候）, if （如果）, as soon as（一…就）, until（直到…才）, unless（除非/如果…不）这几个词引导的时间或条件状语从句时,主句要用一般将来时.
从句一般现在时
eg. I will call you when he comes.
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic.
As soon as I get to Beijing, I’ll come to see you.
He won’t go to bed until his parents come back.
Unless you work hard, you won’t catch up with others.
网络截来的哟！~~~~
请采纳，拜托啦！~
3. 初二英语语法重点是什么
. 初二语法重点： 人称代词
主格： I we you she he it they
宾格： me us you her him it them
形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their
名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容词和副词的比较级
(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音节词前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y变i，再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不规则变化：
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可数词的复数形式
Most nouns + s a book –books
Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
5. 缩略形式
I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is
it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc
6. a/an
a book, a peach
an egg an hour
7. Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
表示时间： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Day
in the evening in December in winter
8. 基数词和序数词
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth
9. Some /any
I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10. be 动词
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
（3）一般疑问句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
11. there be 结构
肯定句： There is a …
There are …
一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.
Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.
否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t….
12. 祈使句
Sit down please
Don’t sit down, please.
13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”.
形式： be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
动词 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming
14 一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
形式：
肯定句：
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day
初二下学期要接触到得语法点：1.过去进行时；
2.using adjectives;
3.直接引语改间接引语；
4.using although and though;
5.object clauses with that after know, think, believe, etc.
6.if 的从句
4. 初二英语知识点有哪些，语法有哪些
Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?
go on vacation去度假
stay at home待在家里
go to the mountains去爬山
go to the beach去海滩
visit museums 参观博物馆
go to summer camp去参观夏令营
quite a few相当多
study for为……而学习
go out出去
most of the time大部分时间
taste good尝起来很好吃
have a good time玩得高兴
of course当然
feel like给……的感觉；感受到
go shopping去购物
in the past在过去
walk around四处走走
because of因为
one bowl of… 一碗……
the next day第二天
drink tea喝茶
find out找出；查明
go on继续
take photos照相
something important重要的事
up and down上上下下
come up出来
buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物
taste + adj. 尝起来……
look+adj. 看起来……
nothing…but+动词原形
除了……之外什么都没有
seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来……
arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点
到达某地 decide to do sth.决定去做某事
try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
want to do sth.想去做某事
start doing sth.开始做某事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
keep doing sth.继续做某事
Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢？
so+adj.+that+从句
如此……以至于……
tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事
Unit2 How often do you exercise?
help with housework帮助做家务
on weekends在周末
how often多久一次
hardly ever几乎从不
once a week每周一次
twice a month每月两次
every day每天
be free有空
go to the movies去看电影
use the Internet用互联网
swing dance摇摆舞
play tennis打网球
stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚
at least至少
have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课
go to bed early早点睡觉
play sports进行体育活动
be good for对……有好处
go camping去野营
not…at all一点儿也不……
in one’s free time在某人的业余时间
the most popular最受欢迎的
such as比如；诸如
old habits die hard积习难改
go to the dentist去看牙医
morn than多于；超过
less than少于
help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事
How about…? ......怎么样？/ ……好不好？
want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事
How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？ …有多少…?
主语+find+that从句. ……发现……
spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光
It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。
ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事
by doing sth. 通过做某事
What’s your favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么？
the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式
5. 八年级英语需要掌握的语法有那些
一、词法
1、名词
A）、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：
一）在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四）以o结尾加s（外来词）。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯
五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员
九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十）有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡
十一） 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二） 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B）名词的格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：
一）单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
二）复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’ Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节
三）由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间（共住一间），Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间（各自的房间）
2、代词
项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词
人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
复数 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、动词
A） 第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：
一）一般在词后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二）在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三）1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四）以o结尾加es。如：does, goes
五）特殊的有：are-is, have-has
B） 现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：
一）一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二）以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三）以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母（注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing）要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四）以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下：
一） 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
二）以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
三） 以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四）特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、数词 (基变序，有规则；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、句式
1.陈述句
肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词)
b) He looks very young. (连系动词)
c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词)
d) I can bring some things to school. (情态动词)
e) There’s a computer on my desk. (There be结构)
否定陈述句 a) These aren’t their books. b) They don’t look nice.
c) Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can’t find her doll.
e) There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let’s learn English!
c) Come in, please.
否定祈使句a) Don’t be late. b) Don’t hurry.
3. 疑问句
1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?
d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?
肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.
否定回答: a) No, he isn’t. b) No, you can’t. c) No, she doesn’t. d) No, they don’t. e) No, she isn’t.
2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It’s big./ It’s small.
3) 特殊疑问句
① 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
② 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
③ 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
④ 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is ***.
⑤ 问原因 Why do you want to join the club?
⑥ 问时间 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.
When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.
⑦ 问地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.
⑧ 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.
What’s your favourite color? It’s black.
⑨ 问人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
⑩ 问东西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
11问姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.
What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.
What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.
12 问哪一个 Which do you like? I like one in the box.
13 问字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.
14 问价格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.
15 问电话号码 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.
16 问谓语(动作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.
17 问职业(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.
What’s your father? He’s a doctor.
三、时态
1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：
Be 动词：She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.
情态动词：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.
行为动词：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.
2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.
They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.
6. 初二英语都有哪些重要语法
1. Talk about how often you do things 谈论做事情的频率。
2. Talk about your health. Make suggestions. 谈论健康话题以及提出建议。
3. Talk about future plans. 谈论未来的计划/打算。
4. Talk about how to get to places. 谈论到达某地的方式。
5. Learn to make invitations, say yes to invitations and say no to invitations and give reasons. 学会发出，接受和拒绝邀请并说出原因。
6. Learn to talk about personal traits and how to compare people. 学会谈论个人品质以及如何比较人们。 II. Key Phrases （重点短语）：
1. how often 多长时间一次
2. junk food 垃圾食品
3. a lot of 许多
4. hardly ever 很少
5. start with 以…开始
6. try to do sth. 试着去做某事
7. look after 照料
8. be kind of unhealthy 有点不健康
9. once a day 一天一次
10. twice a month 一个月两次
11. be good for 对…有好处
12. once in a while 偶尔
13. see a doctor / dentist 看病/看牙医
14. get a cold / fever 感冒/发烧
15. have a stomachache 肚子疼
16. have a toothache 牙疼
17. have a sore throat 嗓子疼
18. lie down and rest 躺下休息
19. drink hot tea with honey 喝加蜂蜜的热茶
20. be stressed out 紧张
21. listen to … 听…
22. get tired 变的疲劳
23. keep healthy 保持健康
24. at the moment 此刻；目前
25. watch TV 看电视
26. play basketball 打篮球
27. babysit her sister 照看她的妹妹
28. visit my friend 拜访我的朋友
29. relax at home 在家放松
30. sports camp 运动野营
31. something interesting
32. go hiking / camping / fishing / shopping / sightseeing 去徒步旅行/野营/钓鱼/购物/观光
33. go away 离开
34. get back to school 返回学校
35. stay for a week 呆一个星期
36. go bike riding 骑自行车兜风
37. takes walks 散步
38. rent videos 租录像带
39. sleep a lot 睡得多
40. think about 考虑
41. take the subway / bus / boat / plane 乘地铁/公共车/小船/飞机
42. get to 到达
43. go by bus / plane / boat 乘公共车/飞机/小船
44. train / subway / bus station 火车/地铁/公共车站
45. bus ride 乘公共车的旅行
46. ride a bike 骑自行车
47. bus stop 公共汽车站
48. on foot 步行
49. leave for 离开去…
50. school bus 学校班车
51. the early bus 早班车
52. be different from 与…不同
53. half past six 六点半
54. in North America 在北美洲
55. a quick breakfast 快捷的早餐
56. need to do 需要做…
57. more than 多于
58. play soccer 踢足球
59. baseball game 棒球比赛
60. school team 校队
61. come over to 过来到…
62. the day after tomorrow 后天
63. be good at 擅长于…
64. two years ago 两年前
65. be outgoing 外向的
66. all the time 一直
67. in some ways 在一些方面
68. look the same 看起来一样
69. talk to everyone 与大家谈话
70. make me laugh 使我笑
III. Key Sentence Structures 重要句型：
Unit 1:
1. －What do you usually do on weekends? －I usually go to the movies.
2. －What does he sometimes do on weekends? －He sometimes surfs the Internet.
3. How often do you exercise? I exercise once a week.
4. How often does she eat vegetables? She eats vegetables three times a day.
5. Most of the students go to the beach every year.
6. It makes a big difference to my grades.
7. My eating habits are pretty good.
Unit 2:
1. What’s the matter? What’s wrong? What’s the trouble?
2. I’m not feeling well. I have a cold / fever/ stomachache / sore throat. /I have a lot of headaches.
3. Maybe you should see the doctor / dentist. You should drink some hot tea with honey.
4. You shouldn’t eat anything for 24 hours.
5. Don’t get stressed out. It will make you sick.
6. I’m sorry to hear that you are not feeling well.
Unit 3
1. －What is she doing for vacation? －She is babysitting her little sister. －That sounds nice / interesting.
2. －When are you going? －I’m going on Monday.
3. －Where are they going? －They are going to Tibet.
4. －Who is she going with? －She is going with her parents.
5. －How long is he staying. －He is staying for a week.
6. －How is the weather there? －I’m hoping the weather will be nice.
7. He is leaving for Hong Kong the first week in June.
8. Have a good time.
Unit 4:
1. －How do you get to school? －I get to school by bus.
2. －How does he go to work? －He usually walks to school.
3. －How long does it take? －It takes about twenty minutes.
4. －How far is it from his home to school? －It’s three miles.
5. What do you think of the transportation in your town?
Unit 5:
1. －Can you come to my party on Wednesday? －Sure, I’d love to. / I’m sorry, I have to have a piano lesson.
2. －Can she go to the movies on Saturday? －No, she can’t. She has to help her mom.
3. －Can you go to the concert on Monday? －When is it? －It’s at four o’clock on Friday.
4. Thanks a lot for the invitation.
5. I’m going to study for a test this evening.
6. What’s the date today?
提问人的追问 2009-11-28 19:54 真厉害，能更多多一点就好!
回答人的补充 2009-11-28 20:32 再给你一些词组和句型I. 应掌握的词组：
1. go to the movies 去看电影
2. look after=take care of 照顾
3. surf the internet 上网
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding 去划板
6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
7. exercise=take (much) exercise
=do sports锻炼
8. eating habits 饮食习惯
9. take more exercise 做更多的运动
10. the same as 与什么相同
11. once a month一月一次
12. be different from 不同
13. twice a week一周两次
14. make a difference to 对什么有影响
15. how often 多久一次
16. although=though虽然
17. most of the students=most students
大多数学生
18. shop=go shopping
=do some shopping 购物
19. as for至于
20. activity survey活动调查
21. do homework做家庭作业
22. do house work做家务事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉
24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 对什么有益
26. be bad for对什么有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事
28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 尽量做某事
30. come home from school放学回家
31. of course=certainly=sure当然
32. get good grades取得好成绩
33. some advice
34. help sb to do sth帮助某人做某事
=help sb with sth
35. a lot of vegetables
=many vegetables许多蔬菜
36. hardly=not nearly / almost not几乎不
37. keep/be in good health保持健康
II. 应掌握的句子：
How often do you exercise? 你（你们）多久锻炼一次身体？
How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth.? 疑问词how often是问频率(多久一次),（在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用）与一般现在时或一般过去时连用，回答一般是用表示频率的副词，如：once, twice, three times…, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month 等。
翻译：“你们多久到工厂去一次？”“每星期两次。”
(“How often do you go to the factory?” “Twice a week. ”)
“他们多长时间举办一次舞会？”“通常每两周举办一次。”
(“How often do they have a dancing party?” “Usually, once every other week.”)
“他多久去购一次物？”“一个月一次。”
(“How often does he go shopping?” “He goes shopping once a month.”)
2. “What do you usually do on weekends?” “ I usually play soccer.”
“周末你通常做什么？”“我通常踢足球。”
第一个do为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用；而第二个do则是实义动词。
翻译：What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies.
What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking.
3. “What’s your favorite program?” “It’s Animal World.”
“你最喜欢什么节目？”“动物世界。”
4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .
as for...意思是“至于；关于”，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的
-ing形式（即动名词）。如：
As for him，I never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。
As for the story，you'd better not believe it. 关于那故事，你最好不要相信。
翻译：至于我自己，我现在不想去。
(As for myself, I don’t want to go now. )
至于那个人，我什么都不知道。
(As for the man, I know nothing about him.)
5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .
want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”；
want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如：
Do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？
The teacher doesn't want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。
6. She says it’s good for my health.
be good for...表示“对……有益（有好处）”;其反义为：be bad for...。（这里for 是
介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词）如：
It's good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。
Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。
7. How many hours do you sleep every night?
8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .
9. My eating habits are pretty good . 这里pretty相当于very 。
10. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .
try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ，不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示
“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。如:
You’d better try doing the experiment in another way.
你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。
11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.
help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.
这里better是well的比较级，而不是good的比较级
13. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?
＝Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from yours? be the same as … / be different from …
7. 大虾们 八年级英语的重点语法有哪些
1.一般过去时态.这一时态在七年级已经接触过,八年级算复习吧.表示过去某一时间点或时间段发生的事情.谓语动词分实义动词和be动词两种.
（1）I studied Japenese for two years.
（2) I was a student one year ago,but now I am a teacher.
2.过去进行时态.结构：was/were +V-ing ,表示过去某一时间点或时间段正在进行的事情.
eg.I was sleeping when the phone rang.
3.一般将来时态.结构：will+V,表示将来某一时间将要发生的事情.
eg.I will go back home in three months.
4.现在完成进行时态.结构：have/has+been +Ving,表示某一行为从过去某一时间点开始,一直延续到现在,并有可能继续进行下去.
eg.I have been teaching English in this scool for two years.
5.现在完成时态.结构：have/has +done(动词过去分词,需要记忆),表示一动作从过去开始,延续到现在,并且已经完成.强调这一事情对现在造成的影响.
eg.I have finished my homework.
基本上就这些了.你刚刚提到的过去式和现在进行时是七年级的语法点,八年级会予以巩固并加大难度.
建议上课的时候注意听老师讲,重在理解,而后多背一些例句,并能进行应用.
英语是一个慢慢累积的过程,慢慢来.祝进步.
8. 初二必会的英语语法有哪些
一、意义与构成
1. 意义：表示过去
1) 发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果
2) 某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态
2. 基本构成：have/has+ done (过去分词)
3. 句型
基本结构：主语+have/has+ done (过去分词)
a. 肯定句：主语+have/has+ done (过去分词)
b. 否定句：主语+have/has+not+ done (过去分词)
c. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+ done (过去分词)
d. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+ done过去分词
二、过去分词
与动词的过去式一样,动词的过去分词有规则动词过去分词和不规则动词过去分词两种.
1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同
1) 一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”
如：work—worked—worked; play—played—played; enjoy—enjoyed—enjoyed.
2) 以“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d ”
如：dance—danced—danced; live—lived—lived; place—placed—placed.
3) 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 “y” 变为 “i” ,再加“ed”
注意：元音字母+y结尾的动词的过去分词的变法参见一般动词.
如：carry—carried—carried; hurry—hurried—hurried; cry—cried—cried
4) 重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写这个辅音字母,再加“ed”
如：plan—planned—planned; stop—stopped—stopped; drop—dropped—dropped
2. 不规则动词
不规则动词的过去分词有5种形式：
A-A-A 如：cost—cost—cost; cut—cut—cut; hit—hit—hit
A-B-B 如：bring—brought—brought; build—built—built; catch—caught—caught;
keep—kept—kept; sell—sold—sold; smell—smelt—smelt;
learn—learnt—learnt; say—said—said; meet—met—met;
make—made—made; leave—left—left
此类变化涉及到的动词较多,需要同学们认真记忆.
A-B-C 如：begin—began—begun; blow—blew—blown; drive—drove—drive;
break—broke—broken; forget—forgot—forgotten; eat—ate—eaten;
take—took—taken; do—did—done
此类变化涉及到的动词较多,需要同学们认真记忆.
A-A-B 如：beat—beat—beaten
A-B-A 如：come—came—come
不规则动词的过去分词变化规则多,但是还是有一定的规律所循,希望同学们多花心思,细心记下,这是使用完成时态的基础.
三、用法
1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动
作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have spent all of my money. 我花光了身上所有的钱.
(含义是：I don’t have any money now.)
Jane has laid the table. Jane已经把桌子摆好了.
(含义是：We can sit and have dinner.)
Michael has been ill. Michael病了.
(含义是：He can’t come to school.)
He has returned from abroad. 他已经从国外回来了.
(含义是：He’s at home now.)
2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for（+时间段）,
since（+时间点）连用.
Mary has been ill for three days. Mary已经病了三天了.
I have lived here since 1998. 我从1998年起一直住在这.
I have been a teacher for 10 years. 我当老师已经10年了.
注意：点动词（buy, die, join, finish等）不能直接与for, since 连用,需要改变动词.
1) have代替buy
I have bought new car. 他买了辆新车.(含义：他自己有车,不用搭别人车等.)
I have had this bike for almost 7 years. 我买这辆自行车七年了.
2) 用keep或have代替borrow
He has kept the book for a long time. 他借这书好长时间了.
3) 用be in替代come to/ join/ move to等
How long have you been in America? 你来美国多久了?
4) 用be+副词 替代start/ get up/ return to/go back to
The show has been on for half an hour. Hurry up!
演出已经开始了半个小时了.快点!
I’ve been up for an hour, but I still feel sleepy.
我起床已经一个小时了,但是我还是觉得很困.
He has been back to his hometown for a year, but he’s still missing the life in the
city.
他回到故乡都一年了,但是他还是很怀念城市生活.
总之,后加时间的完成时表达中,都表达一个动作所延续的时间,而点动词只表达那一动作,动作之后所处的状态,应该用相应的状态词来表达,如come是“来”的意思,而来之后的日子都是“在…”因为不能用come表达,应该用be in…来表达,意为“一直处于…”.
3. 现在完成时的时间状语
现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用.如：yesterday, last Sunday,
in1990, three years ago等.但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时
间状语连用.
如：I have finished my homework yesterday. (×)
I finished my homework yesterday. (√)
1)副词already和yet
already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中.
如：I’ve already slept for 12 hours but I’m still feeling tired.
我都睡了12个小时了可是我还是很累.
I haven’t finished working yet.
我还没有完成工作.
Have you found your lost cat yet?
你找到你丢了的小猫了吗?
2)ever和never
多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未”.
如：---Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗?
---No, I haven’t. I have never been to the Great Wall. 没有.我从未去过长城.
3)用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如：just, before, up to now, the past few years等.
如：I have just finished my paper. 我才写完我的论文.
I’ve dream about that before. 我以前梦到过那个情景.
Up to now, he has got 3 gold medals in the Olympic Games.
到现在为止,他已经在奥运会中取得了三块金牌.
He has been there three times the last few days.
近几年他去过那里三次了.
4)用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如：now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等.
如：---Have you met him today?
---No, I haven't.
---今天你见过他吗?---没有.
How many times have you been there this year?
今年你去过那里多少次?
9. 初二上学期英语，都包含哪些语法知识
语法专项I
I. 名词：在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称呼，我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词，概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。
一. 名词的种类：名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词又分为个体名词和集体名词，物质名词和抽象名词。
1. 专有名词：专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名词，它的第一个字母必须大写，专有名词前一般不加冠词。
A. 表示人名：Li Bai，Mr Black，Doctor Zhang
B. 表示地名：China，London，Zhong Guan Cun Street.
C. 由普通名词构成的专有名词：the Spring Festival, the Palace Museum.
2. 普通名词：普通名词指一类人或东西或一个抽象的名标，它可以进一步分为个体名词、集合名词、物质名词和抽象名词四类。
A. 个体名词：表示某类人或事物中的个体：student，teacher，car.
B. 集合名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体；family，police，people.
C. 抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念：music，love
D. 物质名词：表示无法分为个体的物质或实物：water，tea，air
二. 名词的数：表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词，表示一个用单数，两个以上用复数，可数名词单数前面一般要用不定冠词a / an，可数名词复数是在单数名词后面加“s”或“es”。可数名词复数前不能用不定冠词a / an。
1. 单数可数名词，表示“一”的概念，要用名词的单数形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。 eg：a book， a tree， a shark an octopus，an apple，an egg
2. 复数可数名词：在英语中，如果要表示“二、三、四，……”概念时，要用名词的复数形式，名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。
A. 名词复数的规则变化。 a. 在一般情况下，词尾后加-s。 books，cups，beds，boys，horses
b. 以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词，词尾加-es，读|iz| buses，boxes，dishes，watches
c. 以f或fe结尾的词，先将f或fe变成v，再加-es，读|vz| half—halves，knife—knives
d. 以o结尾的词，词尾加-es或-s。 zoos，photos，radios，tomatoes，potatoes
e. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先将y改为i再加-es。 cities，families，babies
B. 名词复数的不规则变化。 man—men，tooth—teeth，child—children，sheep—sheep
C. 有些名词只有复数形式 clothes，trousers，pants，glasses
3. 不可数名词表示量的概念时，在这些词前加上数量词。 eg：a cup of coffee，a piece of paper，three slices of bread
II. 不定代词，我们所学的不定代词有all，both，each，every，some，any，many，much，（a）few，（a）little，either，neither，other，another，no，none以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
10. 初二英语语法有哪些
动词时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去进行时；
宾语从句、状语从句、祈使句、感叹句；
名词、数词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级