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八年级上英语语法基础知识大全

发布时间: 2022-07-20 02:12:43

① 八年级上学期英语所有的重要语法+语言点(整理)

1. be absent from…. 缺席,不在 2. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 3. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态):be absorbed in 全神贯注于…近:be engrossed in ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on 4. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 5. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解 6. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外.Without accident(=safely) 安全地, 7. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地 8. in accord with 与…一致 . out of one’s accord with 同….不一致 9. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 10. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据 11. on one’s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益 2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性. 12. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去 13. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由) 14. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明. 15. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为. 16. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装) 17. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告 18. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially) 熟悉 19. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理 20. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于 21. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要) 22. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之 23. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外 24. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循 25. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的 26. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应; 27. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能,留有…的余地. 28. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先. 29. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地. 30. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事 31. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用. 32. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意 33. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致 34. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前. 35. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中. 36. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的. 37. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计 38. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎. 39. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到. 40. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于. 41. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责. 42. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合. 43. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for 44. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉 45. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力 46. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请 ; apply for申请; apply to 适用. 47. apply to 与…有关;适用 48. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt. 批准 49. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起. 50. arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排…做… 51. arrive on 到达; arrive at 到达某地(小地方);得出,作出; arrive in 到达某地(大地方); 52. be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth. done) 以…为羞耻 53. assure sb. of sth. (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.) 向…保证, 使…确信. 54. attach(to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚, 系 ,结 55. make an attempt at doing sth. (to do sth.) 试图做… 56. attend to (=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意,照顾;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after) 侍候,照料 57. attitude to/ toward …对…的态度.看法 58. attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…)把..归因于.., 认为..是..的结果 59. on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均 60. (be) aware of (=be conscious of , having knowledge or consciousness)意识到,知道. 61. at the back of (=behind) 在…后面 62. in the back of 在…后部(里面); on the back of 在…后部(外面); be on one’s back(=be ill in bed) 卧病不起. 63. at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.) 支持,维护; have sb. at one’s back 有…支持, 有…作后台 64. turn one’s back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不理睬(某人),背弃,抛弃 65. behind one’s back 背着某人(说坏话) 66. be based on / upon 基于 67. on the basis of 根据…, 在…基础上 68. beat…at 在…运动项目上打赢 69. begin with 以…开始. to begin with (=first of all) 首先, 第一(经常用于开始语) 70. on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以…名义 71. believe in(=have faith or trust in; consider sth./sb. to be true) 相信,依赖,信仰. 72. benefit (from) 受益,得到好处. 73. for the benefit of 为了…的利益(好处) 74. for the better 好转 75. get the better of (=defeat sb.) 打败, 胜过. 76. by birth 在出生上,论出身,按血统 at birth 在出生时; give birth to 出生 77. blame sb. for sth. 因…责备某人 blame sth. on sb. 把…推在某人身上 78. in blossom开花(指树木) be in blossom开花(强调状态) come into blossom开花(强调动作) 79. on board 到船上, 在船上, 上火车或飞机 80. boast of (or about) 吹嘘 81. out of breath 喘不过气来 82. in brief(=in as few words as possible)简言之 83. in bulk 成批地,不散装的 84. take the floor 起立发言 85. on business 出差办事. 86. be busy with sth.忙于某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 87. last but one 倒数第二. 88. last but not least最后一点但也是最重要的一点 89. but for (=without) 要不是. 表示假设 90. buy sth. for…money 用多少钱买 91. be capable of 能够, 有能力 be capable of being +过去分词:是能够被…的 92. in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost, whatever happens; anyhow)无论如何 93. in case (=for fear that) 万一; 94. in case of (=in the event of)如果发生…万一 in the case of 至于…, 就…而言 95. in no case在任何情况下都不(放句首倒装句) 96. be cautious of 谨防 97. center one’s attention on(=focus one’s attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在…上 98. be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握, 一定. 99. for certain of (=for sure )肯定地,有把握地 100. by chance(=accidentally, by accident)偶然 101. for a change换换环境(花样等) 102. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有… 103. in charge of (=responsible for) 负责(某事) in the charge of …由…管 104. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)负责管理(照顾) 105. charge…for 因…索取(费用) , charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有… 106. round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping) 昼夜不停地 高考书面表达必背词组 (1) 首先,尤其重要的,最重要的 above all 偶然,无意中 by accident 对(于)…很积极 be active in 合计为 add up to 承让错误 admit one’s mistake 接受某人的建议 take / follow one’s advice 就…提出建议 give advice on 建议某人做某事 advice sb. to do sth. 后天 the day after tomorrow 毕竟;终究 after all 违心 against one’s will 在…岁时 at the age of 实现目标 achieve one’s aim 在空中;悬而未决 in the air 在户外,在露天里 in the open air 在机场 at the airport 火警 the fire alarm 满腔怒火 be filled with anger 因某人之言行而生气 be angry at sth. 生某人的气 be angry with sb. 通知 make an announcement 相继地,按顺序地 one after another 相互,彼此(三者或三者以上之间)one another 相互(指两者之间)each other 没有回答 give no answer 为…而担心 be anxious about 急于做某事 be anxious to do sth. 分开住 live apart 除了 apart from 因某事向某人认错或道歉 make/offer an apology to sb for sth. 与某人争论某事 argue with sb. about sth. 放在一边 lay sth. aside 请某人指点 / 帮助 ask sb. for advice / help 惊讶于… be astonished at sth. 以前,曾经 at one time 注意 pay attention to 对…抱正确的态度 take a correct attitude towards sth. 引起(注意,兴趣等)

② 初二英语语法大全

动词时态的句子结构及关键词:
一般现在时:
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+be (am, is, are ) + 其他
否定句 主语+be not +其他
疑问句 Be+主语+其他
或: 肯定句 主语+动词原型+其他 ( 第三人称单数作主语动词要加"s" )
否定句 主语+don't+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语don't改为doesn't)
疑问句 DO+主语+动词原型+其他(第三人称单数作主语do改为doess)
关键词: sometimes, often, usually, always, every day, on Sunday
afternoon, at 10 o'clockin the morning, five days a week, three times a month等.
注:在时间壮语从句,条件壮语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来时,这时一般从 句用一般现在时,主句用将来时
现在进行时:
句子结构:肯定句 主语+be +动词的现在分词+其他
否定句 主语+be not+动词的现在分词+其他
疑问句 Be +主语+动词的现在分词+其他
关键词:now, right now, at the moment, It's+几点钟等的句子.或look, listen, keep quiet等提示语.
一般将来时:
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+will+动词原型+其他
否定句 主语+will not +动词原型+其他
疑问句 Will +主语+动词原型+其他
(will 可改为be going to ,当主语是第一人称时will可用shall)
关键词:tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven o'clock tomorrow evening, next year,
at ten o'clock next Sunday, this year, at the end of this term, from now on, in the year 2008, soon, in a few days' time, in the future 等.
一般过去时:
句子结构:肯定句 主语+be(was,were)+其他
否定句 主语+be not+其他
疑问句 Be+主语+其他
或: 肯定句 主语+动词的过去式+其他
否定句 主语+did not+动词原型+其他
疑问句 Did+主语+动词原型+其他
关键词:yesterday,yesterday morning等 ,last week, last year, at the end of last term,
一段时间+ago如:ten years ago, five hours ago, on January 1st,2004, in the
1980s等.
Just now,in the old days, long ago, a moment ago等.
过去进行时:
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他
否定句 主语+was/were not +动词的现在分词+其他
疑问句 Was/Were + 主语+ 动词的现在分词+其他
关键词:具体时间+过去的时间壮语 如:at ten o'clock yesterday morning, at
this time last Sunday等.
现在完成时:
句子结构:肯定句 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他(第三人称单数用has)
否定句 主语+have/has not+动词的过去分词+其他
疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词+其他
关键词:already, yet, just, ever, never ,so far, for +一段时间,since+过去的
时间或过去时从句.或this year alone"今年以来",these five years alone"这五年
以来",in the last ten years "在过去的十年中"等.
过去将来时:
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+ would+ 动词原型+其他
否定句 主语+ would not + 动词原型+ 其他
疑问句 Would+主语+动词原型+其他
(would可改为was/were going to ,主语第一人称时would可用should)
过去将来时主要用在宾语从句中.
过去完成时:
句子结构: 肯定句 主语+had + 动词的过去分词+其他
否定句 主语+had not +动词的过去分词+其他
疑问句 Had+主语+动词的过去分词+其他
关键词:by+过去某一时间点 如:by last year, by the end of+过去某一时间点 如:
by the end of last year, before+过去某一时间点,by the time +从句,或宾语从 句中最后,请记住:
It's not the end of the world, try to look on the bright side of
thing, I'm sure it will be all right.
这不是世界末日,试着往事情好的方面看,我确认一切都会好起来.
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。初中阶段的被动语态有五种时态,我们可以从以下方面进行小结:
一、被动语态的时态及结构(以动词do为例)
结构:主语 + be + 过去分词
时态:1. 一般现在时: am (is, are) done.
2.带情态动词的被动语态:must (can, may, should, need, would) be done
3. 一般过去时: was (were) done
* 4. 一般将来时: will (shall) be done
* 5. 现在进行时: am (is, are) being done
6. 现在完成时: have (has) been done
二、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。
1.主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 (S+V+P)
此结构不可用被动语态。
(正) The flowers smell sweet.
(误) The flowers are smelt sweet.
2.主语 + 不及物动词 (S+V)
此结构不可变被动语态。
(正) An accident happened last night.
(误) An accident was happened last night.
3.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (S + V+ O)
(1)将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语
Children often sing this song
This song is often sung by children.
(2)将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时,不可将介词或副词去掉。
We should listen to the teachers carefully.
The teachers should be listened to carefully.
4.主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (S + V+ IO+ DO)
(1).将表人的间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语不变。
He showed us a picture .
We were shown a picture.
(2).将指物的直接宾语变为主语,要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.
常用加to的动词give, show, pass, read等
常用加for的动词 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等
A picture was shown to us.
A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.
5. 主语+及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (S+ V+ O + C)
如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等,后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时,变被动语态时要加上“to” 。
I saw him fall off the tree.
He was seen to fall off the tree.
6. "be + 过去分词" 并非都是被动语态,系动词 be, feel, seem,look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,作表语用,表示某种状态。
I'm interested in mathematics. 我对数学感兴趣。
*7. 某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。The woman's clothes sell well. 女装卖的快。This book sells best.这本书很畅销.
英语语法大全下载
1、所有格:He is Fred's best friend.(-'s)
2、动词现在时的第三人称单数:Alfredo works.(-s)
3、动词过去式:Fred worked.(-ed),但亦有不规则变化。
4、现在分词/进行时态:Fred is working.(-ing)([注]如果动词的末音节为辅音结尾的闭音节,则须双写末辅音,如running)
5、过去分词:The car was stolen.(-en);Fred has talked to the police.(-ed),但亦有不规则变化。
6、动名词:Working is good for the soul.(-ing)
7、名词的复数:Fred has two blue eyes.(-s)([注]如果动词的尾字是s,sh,x,ch,则需加-es,如dishes)
8、形容词的比较级:Fred is smarter than Rick.(-er)形容词末尾加-er,多音节在前面”加more,如"more difficult"。
9、形容词的最高级:Fred has the fastest car.(-est)形容词末尾加-est,多音节词在前面加most,如"the most difficult"。
英语的基本语序为SVO,且基本上不能任意变换语序,除了在少数诗词以外;另一方面,有时英语会使用OSV的语序。(注:S:Subject[主语];V:Verbal phrase[谓语];O:Object[宾语])
英语中所有的词可分成十大类,每一类词在句子中都有其特定的位置和作用。这十大词类是:
一、名词:表示人或事物的名称的词。
二、形容词:表示人或事物的特征的词。
三、副词:修饰动词、形容词和副词的词。
四、代词:是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。
五、数词:表示数量和顺序的词。
六、动词:表示动作和状态的词。
七、冠词:与名词连用,其说明人或事物的作用。
八、介词:通常置于名词和代词之前,表示名词和代词与其他词的关系。
九、连词:连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的词。
十、感叹词:表示说话人感情或语气的词。
英语的时态
英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。)
英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。
(1)一般现在时
基本形式(以do为例):
第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数);
肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他;
否定句:主语+don‘t+动词原形+其他;
一般疑问句:Do+主语+动词原形+其他。
肯定回答:Yes,+ 主语+do.
否定回答:No,+主语+don't.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语序
(2)一般过去时
be动词+行为动词的过去式
was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn‘t,同时还原行为动词
was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词
(3)一般将来时
am/are/is+going to+do
will/shall+do
am/is/are/about to + do
am/is/are to + do
一般将来时的表达方法
be going to +动词原形
be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形
be able to +不定式
be about to+动词原形
(4)过去将来时
be(was,were)going to+动词原形
be(was,were)about to+动词原形
be(was,were)to+动词原形
肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~.
否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~.
疑问句:Be(Was,Were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?
肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.
否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~.
疑问句:Would(Should)+主语+动词原形~?
(5)现在进行时
主语+be+动词ing〔现在分词〕形式
第一人称+am+doing+sth
第二人称+are+doing +sth
第三人称+is+doing+sth
(6)过去进行时
肯定句:主语+was/were+doing+其它
否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑问句及答语:Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 答语:Yes,I was./No,I wasn't.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它
(7)将来进行时
动词be的将来时+现在分词
(8)过去将来进行时
should(would)+be+现在分词
(9)现在完成时
基本结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
①肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他
(10)过去完成时
基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)
①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他
②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主语+had
否定回答:No,主语+hadn't
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)
语法判定:
( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如:
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:
We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如:
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
(11)将来完成时
(shall)will+have+动词过去分词
before+将来时间或by+将来时间
before或by the time引导的现在时的从句
(12)过去将来完成时
should / would have done sth.
(13)现在完成进行时
have/has been +-ing 分词
(14)过去完成进行时
had been +-ing 分词
(15)将来完成进行时
主语+ shall/will have been doing
(16)过去将来完成进行时
should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称
would have been+现在分词用于其他人称

③ 八年级上英语语法

一般现在时 The Simple Present Tense
一般现在时表示现在的状态
He is twelve. 他十二岁。
They are at home. 他们在家。
表示经常性或习惯性的动作
I go to school at seven every day.
He plays soccer on Sundays.
表示主语具备的性格和能力等
She likes apples.
They speak Japanese.
She is medium build.
肯定式
I am a cleaner.
You are right.
He / She / It is here.
We / You / They are outgoing
否定式
I am not a…
You are not…
He / She / It is not…
We / You / They are not…
否定式和疑问式
We go to school at seven every day.
We don’t go to school at seven.
Do you go to school at seven?
Yes, we do.(No, we don’t.)

否定式和疑问式
He goes to school at seven every day.
He doesn’t go to school at seven.
Does he go to school at seven?
Yes, he does.(No, he doesn’t.)
一般现在时常和表示时间频度的副词连用。
如:
often, usually, sometimes, always, never, hardly ever等。
1. I often read books in the evening
2. Do they usually go to school by bike?
3. He doesn’t like milk. He never drinks it.
4. Sometimes my mother gets back at five.

一般现在时常和以下时间表达法连用。
如:
in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at noon, at night,every day,on Sunday(s), at seven 等。

Do they have math in the morning?
She sleeps nine hours every night.
It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.
They don’t have classes on Sundays.
动词第三人称单数的构成:

1、直接加--s
look—looks read—reads
play—plays stop—stops
2. 在字母s, x,ch,sh,o后加--es
miss—misses fix—fixes
watch—watches wash—washes
go—goes do--does
3. 辅音字母加y结尾的动词去y为i,再加--es
carry – carries study – studies
hurry – hurries cry – cries
4.特殊的
have -- has

新目标英语八年级上语法知识讲解(二)

【语法聚焦】
看病需要和医生交流,这是英语口语中必不可少的内容。从医生询问病情,病人诉说病情,到医生检查、诊断和医嘱,这些环节最常用的语句,同学们必须掌握。
一、医生询问病情的常用语句:
1. What's wrong/the matter (with you)? 你怎么了?
What's your trouble, young man? 年轻人, 你哪里不舒服?
When did it start? 从何时开始生病的?
2. How are you (feeling) now? 你现在觉得怎么样?

Are you feeling better today? 你今天好些了吗?
3. Have you got a headache/a cough? 你头痛/咳嗽吗?
4. When did you feel unwell? 你什么时候觉得不舒服的?
5. When did the pain start? 疼痛何时开始的?
6. Did you sleep well? 你睡得好吗?
Do you feel tired? 你觉得疲劳吗?
7. How long have you been like this? 你像这样有多久了?
8. Did you eat anything for breakfast? 你早饭吃了什么没有?

二、病人诉说病情的常用语句:
1. I don't feel very well. / I'm not feeling well. 我感到不舒服。
2. I have (got) a headache. 我头痛。
I have a sore throat. 我嗓子痛。
I have a backache. / I have a pain in my back. 我后背痛。
There's something wrong with my leg. 我的腿有毛病了。
3. I feel terrible. 我感到很难受。
I feel even worse. 我感到情况更糟了.
4. I don't feel like eating anything. 我什么都不想吃.
5. I dream too much. 我的梦特别多.
I can't fall / be asleep in the evening. 晚上我睡不着.
6. It began two days ago. 两天前开始的.
7. I don't feel any better now. 我感觉没有什么好转.
8. I had noodles for lunch today. 今天午饭我吃的是面条.

三、医生检查、诊断和治疗的常用语句:
1. Open your mouth and say "Ah---'. 张嘴说 "啊---- ".
2. Let me take your temperature. 让我给你量量体温.
3. There's nothing much wrong / serious with you. 你没什么大问题.
4. You have got a bad cold. 你患了重感冒.
5. You have to be in hospital. 你得住院.
6. You'd better stay in bed for a few days. 你最好卧床几天.
You'd better not eat too much sugar. 你最好别吃太多的糖.
Eat less food and take more exercise. If you do that, you'll feel much healthier.
少吃些,多锻炼,不久你的身体就会健康得多.
Drink more water. 多喝水.
You should drink a lot of water. 你应该多喝水。
Have a good rest. 好好休息.
7. Take one of these pills twice a day. 这些药每次服一片,每天两次.
Take the medicine after meals. 饭后服药.
8. You'll soon be all right. 你很快就会康复的.
I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你很快就会好起来。
Try to relax before you go to sleep. 睡觉前尽量放松一下。

新目标英语八年级上语法知识讲解(三)

【语法聚焦】
一、用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作,例如:
1. What are you doing for vacation? 你假期准备干什么?
I'm visiting my grandmother. 我准备去看我的奶奶。
When are you going? 你想什么时候去?
What's she doing for vacation? 她假期准备干什么?
She is going camping. 她打算去野营。
What are they doing for vacation? 他们假期准备干什么?
They are relaxing at home. 他们打算在家里放松一下。
2.还有一些动词的现在进行时形式表示将要发生的动作:
leave, come, stay,hike等。
例如:
1) My father is leaving for Shanghai next week.
我父亲下周要动身去上海。
2) A: Mary! Supper is ready. 玛丽!晚饭好了。
B: I'm coming, mum. 妈妈,我马上就来。
3) A: What are you doing for vacation? 你假期准备干什么?

B: I'm going hiking in the mountains. 我准备去山里远足。
4) I'm staying home to do my homework next Sunday.
下个星期天我准备待在家里做作业。
二、课文注释
1. go fishing 去钓鱼
同样的用法还有:
go shopping 去购物

新目标英语八年级上语法知识讲解(四)

【语法聚焦】
1. It takes sb. some time to do sth.花费某人某些时间去做某事; 例如:
It took the people a lot of time to get to the mountain.
人们花了很多时间才到了那座大山。
It takes me twenty minutes to get to school on foot every morning.
每天早晨我步行到学校要花费二十分钟。
It will take three hours to finish the work.
完成那项工作需要花费三个小时。
2.动词take还有其他词义;例如:
1)得到;获得
You have to take it as you find it.
对这个你只得将就些算了。
2)拿;握住;抓住
The mother took her child by the hand.
母亲拉着孩子的手。
3)取走,拿走
Take this shopping home.
把这件买的东西拿回家。
The foods here are all free - take any you like.
这里的食品都是免费的,你们随便吃吧。
Who has taken my chocolate?
谁拿了我的巧克力?

4)乘,坐,搭(车、船)
Shall we go by bus or take a cab?
我们是乘公共汽车去还是乘出租汽车去?
to take a bus to work
乘公共汽车上班
5)吃;喝;服用;吸入
Take your medicine. 把药服下。
6)进行;作;为
to take a walk 散步
If you don't take / get more exercise you'll get fat.

新目标英语八年级上语法知识讲解(五)

1. have to与情态动词的区别
情态动词不能单独作谓语,后面必须接动词原形一起构成谓语,have to也是这样。

情态动词没有人称和数的变化,而且所用的时态也受到一定的限制,但是have to有人称和数的变化,可用于多种时态中,在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,要用has to,其余人称用have to;一般过去时中用had to;一般将来时中用will have to,例如:
She has to go to school by bus.
她不得不乘公共汽车去上学。

If you get ill, you'll have to see the doctor.
如果你生病的话,你就得看医生。
2. have to与must的区别
have to和must都有“必须”的意思,那么它们有哪些不同呢?
(1)含义和用法上的区别:
have to强调客观上需要做某事,即表示外界条件的需要不得不做某事,含有“形势逼迫”的意味;must强调说话者主观上认为必须做某事,含有“主观判断”的意味,例如:
My bike was broken on my way to school. I had to walk there.
我的自行车在上学的路上坏了,我不得不走路去上学。
(我本来不愿意走路,可是自行车坏了,不想走路也不行。)
We must learn English well.
我们必须学好英语。(主观上有这种想法。)
(2)否定式的区别:
have to的否定式意为“不必”,must的否定式意为“禁止;不允许”。因此,以must开头的一般疑问句的肯定回答为“Yes,主语+must”,否定回答为“No,主语+needn't / don't have to”。例如:
---Must I finish the homework now?我必须现在完成作业吗?
---Yes, you must. (No, you needn't / don't have to)是的,你必须现在完成。(不,你不必。)
3.反意疑问句的构成区别:
(1)陈述部分含有have to时,其附加问句的谓语往往用助动词do的相应形式或助动词will。例如:
You had to go shopping yesterday, didn't you?
昨天你不得不去购物,是吗?
(2)陈述部分含有must时,其附加问句的谓语,按下面几种情况来确定:
A. must意为“必须”时,附加问句谓语用needn't。例如:
We must clean the room, needn't we?我们必须打扫房间,是吗?
B. mustn't意为“禁止”之意,附加问句谓语用must。例如:
The boy mustn't play with the knife, must he?
那个男孩不能玩刀子,对吗?
C. must意为“应该”时,附加问句谓语用mustn't。例如:
We must help each other, mustn't we?我们应该互相帮助,对吗?
D. must意为“一定;想必”表示推测时,附加问句部分谓语要根据must后面的动词来确定。例如:

Mr Wang must be at home, isn't he?王先生一定在家,对吗?
注:
must表示的是一种相当肯定的与事实非常接近的推测。例如:
Mr Wang must be at home.其实就相当于Mr Wang is at home.
因此,它的反意疑问句的附加问句部分是isn't he也就很容易理解了。
又如:They must be right, aren't they?

新目标英语八年级上语法知识讲解(六)

1) 形容词的作用
形容词在句子中一般充当表语、定语和宾语补足语,如:
Our school looks very beautiful. (表语)
There are fifty students in our class, so we need a big classroom. (定语)
Doing morning exercises can make us healthy. (宾语补足语)
2) 形容词的级别
形容词有三种级别,即原级、比较级和最高级。当讨论的对象是一个时应使用原级,当讨论的对象是两个时应使用比较级,当讨论的对象在三个或更多时应使用最高级。
在形容词原级后面加上er就成为比较级,在原级后加上est就成为最高级。一般的单音节形容词直接加er或est,词尾是不发音字母e的只加r或st,重读闭音节应双写词尾辅音字母再加er或est,如:
long—longer—longest,
nice—nicer—nicest,
big—bigger—biggest。
以辅音字母加y为结尾的双音节形容词应将y改为i再加上er或est,如:
early—earlier—earliest,
dirty—dirtier—dirtiest,
busy—busier—busiest。
多音节的形容词比较级应在前面加上more,最高级应在前面加上most, 如:
important—more important—most important,
difficult—more difficult—most difficult。
有些特殊的形容词有自己的变化规律, 如:

good/well—better—best, bad/badly—worse—worst,
many/much—more—most, little—less—least,
far—farther/further—farthest/furthest。
形容词的比较级句型应使用连词than或or,如:
The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Beijing.
上海的天气比北京的天气热.
Which subject is more important, English or math?

英语和数学, 哪个学科更重要?
形容词的最高级前应加上定冠词the,句型中应给出比较范围,如:
The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
长江是中国最长的河流.
The third truck carries the most books of all.

第三辆卡车在所有的卡车中载书最多.
两个人或物比较时,如果只说明两者相同或不同,则可使用as...as...句型,否定句为not as (so)...as...句型,这里形容词仍使用原级,如:
Mr. Green is as old as Mr. Brown.
格林先生和布朗先生年龄一样大.
Mr. Green is not as (so) old as Mr. Brown.
格林先生和布朗先生的年龄不一样大.

新目标英语八年级上语法知识讲解(七)

1. 现在进行时表示将来
当一个句子的意思涉及一个计划好的事件或者明确的意图时, 用现在进行时可以表示将来时间. 现在进行时的将来意义或者通过时间副词或者通过上下文来暗示出来.

现在进行时表将来时常有“意图”,“安排”(但不是固定不变的)或“打算”的含义。这种现在进行时比较生动,给人一种期待感,它常表示最近或较近的将来。所用动词多是转移动词,如:
1) Sam has already made his plans. He is leaving at noon tomorrow.
2) A: What are you going to do this afternoon?
B: After lunch I am meeting a friend of mine.
We are going shopping.
Would you like to come along?

2. 一般将来时和be going to 表示将来
1) 当说话人在做一个预测时, (他或她认为将来会发生或出现某种情况), will 和be going to都是可以用的.
2) 表达一种事先计划或打算时( 说话人打算在将来做某事因为在过去他或她已制定了一个计划或决定去做这件事),只能用be going to.
3) 表达意愿时, 只能用will.

④ 初二英语语法有哪些

初二上
1. so+谓语+主语:…也一样. 谓语:be动词/助动词/情态动词

2. so+主语+谓语:的确如此,真的这样.

3. help yourself/yurselves to...请随便吃点...

4. 发现sb做sth : find sb doing sth

5. 不完全同意I don’t really agree.

完全不同意I really don’t agree.

6. 或者..或者...either…or…..就近原则

既不..也不..neither…nor….就近原则

既....又...both…and….谓语用复数

7. 看起来,似乎It seems/seemed that…..

8. 由于...而闻名be famous for….

9. 餐馆就餐用语:a table for two/sit at the table by the window/here’s the menu/May I take your order?/could we have the bill?/That’s all.

10. 问路Which is the way to…/where is…/How can I get to…/Is there a..near here/Can you tell me the way to…/Can you tell me how I can get to…?

11. turn right at the third crossing/traffic lights在第3个路口往右拐=take the third crossing on your right

12. 过桥go across the bridge=cross the bridge

13. 走到路的尽头go up this road to the end=go on until you reach the end.

14. at the street corner在街角

15. on sb’s way to….在sb去…的途中/路上

16. what’s the matter?=what’s wrong?=what’s the trouble?怎么了?

17. be sick in hospital/in bed 生病住院/卧床

18. Maybe it is there=it may be there可能在那里.

19. It takes/took/will take sb+时间+to do sth. Sb做sth花费了…时间

20. 路途遥远It’s (5 kms)far(away) from…=That’s quite a long way.

21. wait for…等待

22. 五分钟的步行/驾驶路程:five minutes’ walk/drive

23. 迷路lose sb’s way/sb be lost/sb get lost

24. just then=just at that time/moment就在那时

25. 首先first of all=at first

26. a big city like Tokyo像东京这样的大城市

27. It’s easy/interesting/important/ (for sb) to do sth.(对sb来说)做sth是容易的/有趣的/重要的.

28. if 条件状语从句:从句一般现在时,主句一般将来时。如:If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the zoo.

29. at the head /end of…在…的前/尾部

30. 我的背很疼. My back hurts badly.

31. 为…做准备get /be ready for…

32. stop sb (from) doing sth.阻止/不让sb做sth

33. have a good/wonderful time=enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴

34. answer in a tired voice/with a smile 用疲惫的声音/面带微笑回答。

35. quarrel with sb on sth 为了sth与sb 吵架

36. complain about sth 为…而抱怨,投诉

37. 生病用语:sb have a headache=sb have a pain in the head 头痛,have a cough 咳嗽,have/catch a cold 感冒,have cancer 得了癌症。

38. have /take the medicine three times a day 吃药,每天3次

39. take sb’s temperature 量体温,look over 医生检查病人

40. drink more water 多喝水,take more exercise 多锻炼

41. sb醒来: sb wake up, //sb 醒着的:sb be awake

42. sb 睡着了入睡 be/fall asleep

43. 忙着…bu busy doing/with sth

44. as soon as… 一… 就 ...

45. sleeping pills安眠药,light music 轻音乐

46. again and again 再三地,一次又一次

47. dream about…梦见…; dream of… 梦想成为…

48. 系动词+形容词: be/smell/taste/sound/look/feel/turn/get/become

49. make trouble制造麻烦,惹是生非,make a noise 制造噪音

50. every five minutes 每隔5分钟

51. instead/instead of…代替,取而代之,反而

52. write to sb. 写信给sb

53. get enough sleep 睡眠充足;stay happy 保持心情开朗

54. on time 准时;in time 按时

55. sb had better (not) do sth, sb 最好(别)做sth

56. land on …登陆

57. pull…out of..=pull…up from…拉上来

58. 不定代词:something/anyone/nobody/everywhere等

59. we’re all by ourselves=we’re alone.单独,独自

60. feel a little afraid/don’t be afraid. 有点害怕/别害怕

61. perhaps=maybe也许,可能

62. not …until… 直到…才…

63. sooner or later 迟早,早晚

64. ran after追//ran to …向..跑去// ran away 逃跑了

65. eat up 吃光// use up 用完

66. take (good) care of ..=look after…照顾,保管

67. 我自学英语learn English by myself= teach myself English

68. learn to do sth 学会…

69. 记日记 keep a diary,写日记 write a diary

70. leave sb by oneself 单独留下sb

71. join in the League/Party 入团/党

72. 越来越…:比较级+and+比较级; more and more +多音节词。如:bigger and bigger , more and more interesting

73. 越…, 就越…: the +比较级,the +比较级。 如:越大越好:the bigger, the better

74. turn on/off 开/关(电器),turn up/down音量开大/小

75. the whole story=all the story整个故事,整件事情

76. 过了一会儿after a while/moment

77. make faces 做鬼脸

78. 名胜,景点interesting places=places of interest

79. my hometown in Zhejiang 我浙江的老家

80. 暑假summer holidays; 五一假期 May 1st holiday

81. a strong wind大风;in the wind 在风里

82. make sb do sth. 使/逼迫sb做sth

83. 倒装句(为了强调)There he is./ Away he went.

84. with these words. 说完这些话,说着说着(伴随状语)。

85. I don’t know how to use it yet. 我不知道怎样使用它。

where to go. 我不知道该去哪里。

what to do. 我不知道该做什么。

86. wait for sb’s turn to do sth 等着轮到sb做sth

It’s sb’s turn to do sth. 轮到sb去做sth
被动:be+动词过去分词
eg:The trees are planted every year.
过去完成时:
过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生的动作或情况,一般用在描述过去的某个时点已经发生过的动作或情况的句子中,即:过去的过去。如:
When we got there, the football match had already started.
当我们赶到时,足球比赛已经开始了。
过去完成时由“主语+had+动词过去分词”构成。其肯定句,否定句和疑问句结构如下:
肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他.
否定句:主语+had not+过去分词+其他.
疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他?
He had worked for two years by then. 到那时他已经工作两年了。
He hadn't worked for two years by then. 到那时他已经两年不工作了。
Had he worked for two years by then? 到那时他已经工作两年了吗?
三、过去完成时的基本用法
1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作,表示对这一过去时间造成的结果或影响。常用以下几种方式:
(1) 用by,before等构成的介词短语。 eg:
Linda had learnt 10 English songs by the end of last month.
到上个月底,琳达已经学了10首英文歌曲。
John had repaired that machine before midnight.
在半夜之前约翰已经修好了那台机器。
(2) 用when, before, after等引导的时间状语从句。如:
The train had started before we got to the station.
在我们到达车站之前,火车已经开了。
The plane had taken off when I reached the airport.
我到达机场时,飞机已经起飞了。
2. 过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时间以前发生开始的动作持续到
这一过去的时间。常与for, since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。如:
I had worked in a hospital for three years before I came here.
我来这之前,在一家医院已经工作三年了。
He told us that he had worked here since 10 years before.

初二下
a pair of一双,一对

ask for 请求

ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干

agree with赞同

all year round一年到头,全年

all kinds of各种,各样

all the time一直

argue with与争吵

around the world在世界各地

arrive in/at到达

at least至少

at a meeting在开会

at first首先

as…as possible尽可能

as…as象一样

be able to能够

be angry with 生气

be mad at对感到气愤

be good at擅长于

be careful小心

be allowed被允许

be surprised惊讶

be supposed to被期望/被要求

be interested in对感兴趣

break the rule打破规则

by the way顺便

complain about抱怨

come along出现,发生

come true实现,达到

come in进来

cut in line插队

call sb. up打电话给

do/wash the dishes洗碗

drop litter乱扔垃圾

do well in在方面做得好

enjoy /finish doing sth喜欢/完成某事

end up结束

fall in love with爱上

fall asleep入睡

far from远离

first of all首先

fly to飞向

find out找到

…find it adj. to do sth

keep…down压低声音

keep out不让进入

look for寻找

look smart 看起来精干

look after照顾

look through浏览

let (sb) in让进

let sb do sth 让某人干

get along相处

get over克服

get annoyed生气

get bored厌烦

get an ecation受教育

get on (well) with与相处(好)

get injured受伤

give sb sth/give sth to sb给某人某物

give away赠送

go skating去溜冰

go out of从出去/来

have a fight with与打架/争吵

have a surprise party举行惊讶聚会

have a great/good time玩得愉快

have been to曾到过

hear about/of听说

hundreds of好几百

had better (not) do sth最好做

in a minute一会儿

in 100 years100年后

in good health身体健康

in front of 在前面

in the future 未来,将来

in the front of在前面

in the playground在操场

in/out of style时髦/过时

in silence默默地

in order to目的

in (Russian) style具有俄国风格

in public places在公共场合

make sb do sth使某人干

make a living (doing sth)谋生

make money赚钱

make friends with与交友

more than多于

need to do sth 需要干

not…anymore不再

not…until直到为止

not at all一点也不

on (my tenth) birthday在(我十岁)生日

on the phone在通话

on the one/other hand在一(另)方面

open up打开

put out熄灭

pick…up捡起

pass (sth) on (to sb)传递

pay for 付款

part-time job兼职工作

run out of用尽

run away逃跑

rather than胜于

right away立刻,马上

spend…on/(in) doing sth花费

seem to do sth好象干

sleep late睡懒觉

see sb do/doing sth看某人做/在做

start/begin to do/doing sth 开始干某事

adj.(special) enough够(特别

It take sb some time to do sth.花费某人时间干某事

the same as与相同

try (not) to do sth尽力(不)干

three quarters四分之三

turn on/off打开/关掉

turn up/down开大/关小

talk to/with与谈话

take care of照顾

take part in参加

take off起飞take away拿走

take place发生

take an interest in对感兴趣

take care (not) to do小心(不)做

thanks for (doing)谢谢(做)

wait in line排队等候

want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干

There will be fewer/less…

--What should I do?

--You should do…

--what were you doing when…?

--I was (doing)…when…

While he was (doing)…,a girl called the police.

If you wear jeans to the party, the teachers won’t let you in.

--How long have you been skating?

--I’ve been skating since nine o’clock/for five hours.

Would you mind (not) doing sth?

Could you please (not) do sth?

Why don’t you /not (do sth)?

How/What about sth/doingsth?
他告诉我他自从十年前就一直在这儿工作了。

⑤ 初二上学期英语,都包含哪些语法知识

语法专项I
I. 名词:在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物,它们都有自己的称呼,我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词,概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。

一. 名词的种类:名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词,普通名词又分为个体名词和集体名词,物质名词和抽象名词。

1. 专有名词:专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名词,它的第一个字母必须大写,专有名词前一般不加冠词。
A. 表示人名:Li Bai,Mr Black,Doctor Zhang
B. 表示地名:China,London,Zhong Guan Cun Street.
C. 由普通名词构成的专有名词:the Spring Festival, the Palace Museum.

2. 普通名词:普通名词指一类人或东西或一个抽象的名标,它可以进一步分为个体名词、集合名词、物质名词和抽象名词四类。
A. 个体名词:表示某类人或事物中的个体:student,teacher,car.
B. 集合名词:表示若干个体组成的集合体;family,police,people.
C. 抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念:music,love
D. 物质名词:表示无法分为个体的物质或实物:water,tea,air

二. 名词的数:表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词,表示一个用单数,两个以上用复数,可数名词单数前面一般要用不定冠词a / an,可数名词复数是在单数名词后面加“s”或“es”。可数名词复数前不能用不定冠词a / an。

1. 单数可数名词,表示“一”的概念,要用名词的单数形式,表示名词的单数,要在名词前加冠词a或an。 eg:a book, a tree, a shark an octopus,an apple,an egg

2. 复数可数名词:在英语中,如果要表示“二、三、四,……”概念时,要用名词的复数形式,名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。
A. 名词复数的规则变化。 a. 在一般情况下,词尾后加-s。 books,cups,beds,boys,horses
b. 以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,词尾加-es,读|iz| buses,boxes,dishes,watches
c. 以f或fe结尾的词,先将f或fe变成v,再加-es,读|vz| half—halves,knife—knives
d. 以o结尾的词,词尾加-es或-s。 zoos,photos,radios,tomatoes,potatoes
e. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先将y改为i再加-es。 cities,families,babies

B. 名词复数的不规则变化。 man—men,tooth—teeth,child—children,sheep—sheep
C. 有些名词只有复数形式 clothes,trousers,pants,glasses

3. 不可数名词表示量的概念时,在这些词前加上数量词。 eg:a cup of coffee,a piece of paper,three slices of bread

II. 不定代词,我们所学的不定代词有all,both,each,every,some,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,either,neither,other,another,no,none以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

⑥ 八年级上学期的英语语法总结(全部)!

Unit 1 How often do you exercise?重点语法:频率副词 询问别人做某事的频繁程度 提问用 How often 引导特殊疑问句 回答用 always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词。例句:A: How often do you watch TV?(你多长时间看一次电视?) B: I watch TV every day.(我每天都看电视。) A: What's your favorite program?(你最喜欢的节目是什么?) B: It's Animal World.(是《动物世界》。) A: How often do you watch it?(你多长时间看一次这个节目?)主要频率副词的等级排序: always(总是) > usually (通常) > often(经常) > sometimes(有时) > hardly ever(很少) > never(从不)隔一段时间做某事数次用 数词 + 时间间隔 的结构构成。如: once a week 一周一次(“一次”用特殊词 once) twice a day 一天两次(“两次”用特殊词 twice) three times a month 一个月三次(三次或三次以上用 基数词 + times 的结构构成) four times a year 一年四次
重点短语:how often 多久一次 as for 至于;关于 how many 多少(针对可数名词) how much 多少(针对不可数名词) of course = sure 当然;确信 look after = take care of = care for 照顾;照看 a lot of = lots of = plenty of 许多;大量 every day 每一天 every night 每晚 hardly ever 几乎不 be good for 对……有益 be good for one's health 有益健康 try to do sth. 尝试做某事 get good grades 取得好成绩 help sb. [to] do sth. 帮助某人做某事 kind of 有点 want [sb.] to do sth. 想要(某人)做某事 keep in good health 保持健康 No two men think alike. 人心各异。
Unit 2 What's the matter?重点语法:询问别人如何感觉 了解人体器官和部位的英文名称 了解一些常见病的英文名称 告诉别人应该怎样做和不应该怎样做例句:A: What's the matter?(怎么了?) B: I'm not feeling well.(我感觉不舒服。)I have a cold.(我感冒了。) A: When did it start?(什么时候开始的?) B: About two days ago.(大约两天前开始的。) A: Oh, that's too bad.(哦,这很糟糕。)You should lie down and rest.(你应该躺下休息。) B: Yes, I think so.(是的,我是这么认为的。) A: I hope you feel better soon.(祝你早日康复。)重点短语: have a cold 患感冒 shouldn't = should not be stressed out 紧张的;有压力的 a few 有些;几个(针对可数名词) a little [bit] 有些;几个(针对不可数名词) at the moment 此刻;现在 What's the matter? = What's wrong? = What's the problem? 怎么了? lie down and rest 躺下休息 see a doctor 看病 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 listen to 听 for example 举个例子 be good for 对……有益 it's + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)……(加形容词) get tired 感到疲倦 stay healthy 保持健康 give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人 need to do sth. 需要做某事
Unit 3 What are you doing for vacation?重点语法:用现在进行时态表示一般将来时态 强调某个动作已经计划好即将按照计划去执行例句:A: What are you doing for vacation, Lin Hui?(林辉,放假准备干什么呢?) B: I'm going to Tibet for a week.(我要去西藏旅游一周。) A: That sounds interesting!(这听起来很有趣。)What are you doing there?(你去那里准备干些什么事?) B: I'm going hiking in the mountains.(我准备上山徒步旅行。)How about you, Tony?(你呢,托尼?)What are you doing for vacation?(你放假准备干些什么呢?) A: I'm visiting my friend in Hong Kong.(我要去拜访我在香港的朋友。) B: Oh yeah?(是吗?)How long are you staying?(你要去多久啊?) A: Just for four days.(只去四天。)I don't like going away for too long.(我不想远走太长时间。) B: Well, have a good time!(祝你旅途愉快!)Send me a postcard from Hong Kong!(记得从香港寄一张明信片回来!) A: Sure. Show me your photos when we get back to school.(当然。当我们再回学校的时候,再看看你的照片。)重点短语:how long 多久 get back = come back 回来 take a vacation = have a vacation 去度假 a lot = very much 很;非常 be going to do sth. 将要去做某事 sound + adj. 听起来……(加形容词) sound like + n. 听起来像……(加名词) have a good time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看 want to do sth. = would like to do sth. 想要做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 spend sometime [in] doing sth. 花时间做某事 need to do sth. 需要做某事 ask sb. about sth. 询问某人某方面的事情 go shopping 去购物 leave for 离开去某地
Unit 4 How do you get to school?重点语法:询问别人做某事的方式 用 How 引导特殊疑问句 其回答有多种方式,其中一种结构是 by doing sth. 或 by sth. 的结构。 询问两地的距离用 how far 引导特殊疑问句 回答用 be + (distance) + [away] + from 的结构。例句:A: How do you get to school?(你如何去上学?) B: I take the subway.(我乘地铁去上学。) A: How far is it from your home to school?(从家到学校多远?) B: It's three miles.(有三英里远。) A: How long does it take you to get from home to school?(从家到学校需要花多长时间?) B: It takes 25 minutes.(要花 25 分钟。)重点短语:by bus = take the bus 乘公共汽车 how far 多远 depend on 依赖于 by boat = take the boat 乘船 look at 看 by train = take the train 乘火车 by bike = ride one's bike 骑车 by subway =take the subway 乘地铁 by plane = take the plane 乘飞机 on foot 走路 get up 起床 have breakfast 吃早饭 leave for somewhere 离开去某地 take sb. to somewhere 带某人去某地 half an hour = thirty minutes 半小时(三十分钟) around the world = all over the world 全世界 get to school 到学校 think of 认为 on weekend 在周末
Unit 5 Can you come to my party?重点语法:询问并请求某人做某事例句:A: Hey, Dave.(你好,戴夫。)Can you go to the movies on Saturday?(周六你能去看电影吗?) B: I'm sorry, I can't.(对不起,我不能去。)I have too much homework this weekend.(这个周末我有太多作业要做。) A: That's too bad.(这太糟了。)Maybe another time.(只好等下一次了。) B: Sure, Joe.(当然,乔。)Thanks for asking.(谢谢你的邀请。)重点短语:the day after tomorrow 后天 the day before yesterday 前天 come over 来访 study for a test 复习迎考 go to the doctor = see the doctor 看病 have to 不得不;必须(强调客观上) must 不得不;必须(强调主观上) help sb. with sth. = help sb. [to] do sth. 帮助某人做某事 too much + n. 太多(针对不可数名词) too many + n. 太多(针对可数名词) much too + adj. 太……(加形容词) go to the movies 看电影 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 thanks for [doing] sth. 为(做)某事而感谢 go to the dentist 看牙医 be going to do sth. 将要做某事(该事已计划好) will do sth. 将要做某事(该事尚未计划) keep quiet 保持安静
Unit 6 I'm more outgoing than my sister.重点语法:在两件或多件事物中进行比较 使用形容词的比较级和最高级 通常形容词的比较级是在形容词后加 -er(以e结尾的单词直接加r,闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加-er)的结构构成,最高级是在形容词前加 the ,形容词后加 -est(以e结尾的单词直接加st,闭音节辅音字母结尾双写辅音字母加-est)的结构构成。(eg/ big → bigger → the biggest 形容词 big 的原级、比较级和最高级;small → smaller → the smallest 形容词 small 的原级、比较级和最高级) 当一个单词有3个或以上音节时,其比较级是在形容词前加 more 的结构,其最高级是在形容词前加 the most 的结构构成。(eg/ expensive → more expensive → the most expensive 形容词 expensive 的原级、比较级和最高级;outgoing → more outgoing → the most outgoing 形容词 outgoing 的原级、比较级和最高级)例句:A: Lin Ping is my friend. (Lin Ping 是我的朋友。)She's a little more outgoing than me.(她比我性格要活泼开朗一些。) B: My friend is the same as me.(我的朋友跟我一样。)We are both quiet.(我们都很静。) A: Do you look the same?(你们长相相像吗?) B: No, I'm a little taller than her.(不,我比她高一点。)重点短语:more than 超出…… in common 共同的 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 most of 大多数 in some ways 在某些方面 the same as 与……一样 make sb. + adj. 让某人(感觉)……(加形容词) stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停止当前做的事去做另一件事 begin with 以……开始 each other 互相 enjoy oneself = have fun = have a good time 玩得高兴 spend sometime [in] doing sth. = spend sometime on sth. 花时间做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事 on a farm 在农场
Unit 7 How do you make a banana milk shake?重点语法:描述一个过程 服从别人的指令 询问做某事的过程用 how 引导特殊疑问句 分步回答用 first(首先), next(接着), then(然后), finally(最后) 等时间副词引导从句。例句:A: How do you make fruit salad?(如何做水果沙拉?) B: First cut up three bananas, three apples and a watermelon.(首先切三个香蕉、三个苹果和一个西瓜。)Next put the fruit in a bowl.(接下来把水果放到一个碗里。)Then put in two teaspoons of honey and a cup of yogurt.(然后放入两勺蜂蜜和一杯酸奶。) Finally mix it all up.(最后将它们放在一起搅拌。)重点短语:turn on 打开(电器)[闭合开关] turn off 关闭(电器)[断开开关] cut up 切碎 mix up 混合 add ... to ... 把……加到……上 pour ... into ... 把……浇到……里面 put ... in ... 把……放到……里面 put ... on ... 把……放到……上面 a cup of 一杯 a teaspoon of 一勺
Unit 8 How was your school trip?重点语法:一般过去时态结构:主语 + 谓语动词的过去式 + 宾语 谈论过去发生的事情用一般过去时态 do/does 的一般过去时态形式:did例句:Last week I visited my aunt's house.(上个星期我去我姑姑家玩了。)She lives in California.(她住在加利福尼亚州。)The weather was beautiful.(那儿的天气很好。)I went swimming.(我去游泳了。)重点短语:hang out 闲逛 sleep late 睡过头 take photos = take pictures 照相 have a great time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴 at the end of 在……的尽头 the class monitor 班长 a day off 一整天 go for a drive 开车兜风 have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快 a bowl of 一碗 help sb. [to] do sth. 帮助某人做某事一些不规则动词的原形和过去式:hang → hung buy → bought sleep → slept read/ri:d/ → read/red/
Unit 9 When was he born?重点语法:一般过去时态 谈论着名人物例句:A: How long did Charles Smith hiccup?(查理斯·史密斯打嗝了多长时间?) B: He hiccupped for 69 years and 5 months.(他打嗝了 69 年零 5 个月。) A: When did he start hiccupping?(他什么时候开始打嗝的?) B: He started in 1922.(他从 1922 年就开始打嗝了。) A: When did he stop hiccupping?(他什么时候停止打嗝的?) B: He stopped in 1990.(他到 1990 年才停止打嗝。)重点短语:too ... to ... 太……以致不能…… take part in = join 参加 because of 因为…… major in 主修;专研 start doing sth. 开始做某事(该事已计划好) start to do sth. 开始做某事(该事尚未计划) spend sometime with sb. 花时间和某人在一起 spend sometime [in] doing sth. = spend sometime on sth. 花时间做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事(强调全局) see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事(强调偶然性)
Unit 10 I'm going to be a basketball player.重点语法:一般将来时态 do/does 的两种一般将来时态形式:will do;be going to do 两种形式的区别:will do 强调事情尚未计划好而即将做 be going to do 强调事情已计划好并将按照计划来做 本单元重点强调 be going to do 的形式。例句:A: What are you going to do next year?(明年你准备干些什么?) B: Well, I'm going to take guitar lessons.(我明年要上吉他音乐课。)I really love music.(我很喜欢音乐。) A: Sounds interesting.(听起来很有趣。)I'm going to learn a foreign language.(我明年要学一门外语。)重点短语:grow up 成长;长大 at the same time 同时 all over 遍及 all over the world = around the world 全世界 be going to do sth. 将要做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 study hard 努力学习 take lessons 上课 sound + adj. 听起来……(加形容词) sound like + n. 听起来像……(加名词) save money 存钱 buy sb. sth. = by sth. for sb. 给某人买某物 buy sth. with the money 用钱买某物 write articles 写文章 learn to do sth. 学习做某事 get good grades 取得好成绩 play sports 运动 keep fit 保持健康 write to sb. 给某人写信 enjoy doing sth. 享受做某事
Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?重点语法:委婉请求别人做某事 引导词用 can, shall, will 等情态动词的过去时态例句:A: Could I please use your computer?(我能用一下你的电脑吗?) B: Sorry. I'm going to work on it now.(对不起,我正在忙着用电脑。) A: Well, could I watch TV?(那么,我能看电视吗?) B: Yes, you can.(是,你可以看电视。)But you have to clean your room.(但是是在你打扫完房间之后。)重点短语:do the dishes = wash the dishes 洗碗 take out 取出 make one's bed 整理床铺 work on 从事;忙于 do chores = do housework 干家务 do the laundry = wash the clothes 洗衣服 take care of = care for = look after 照看;照顾 sweep the floor 扫地 fold one's clothes 叠衣服 go to the movies 看电影 get a ride 骑车 go to a meeting 开会 hate (to do/doing) sth. 讨厌做某事 like (to do/doing) sth. 喜欢做某事 invite sb. to somewhere 邀请某人去某地 go to the store = go shopping 购物 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事尚未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做过) give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 买某物给某人 on vacation 度假
Unit 12 What's the best radio station?重点语法:在各事物间进行比较 用形容词的原形、比较级和最高级例句:A: Hello! I'm a reporter.(你好,我是记者。)Can I ask you some questions?(我能问你一些问题吗?) B: Sure.(当然可以。) A: What's the best clothing store in town?(城里最好的服装店是哪一家?) B: I think Jason's is the best.(我认为杰森服装店是最好的。) A: Why do you think so?(为什么这样认为呢?) B: Jason's has the best quality clothes.(杰森服装店有质量最好的服装。)重点短语:close to = near 靠近;接近 inexpensive = cheap 便宜的 clothing store 服装店 radio station 广播站 talent show 业余歌手演唱会 it is adj. [for sb.] to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)感觉……(加形容词) cut the price 打折 not ... at all = not ... in the slightest 一点也不 in fact 实际上 pay for 为……而付款 sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花钱买了某物 good/well → better → the best 形容词 good /副词 well 的原级、比较级和最高级 bad/badly → worse → the worst 形容词 bad /副词 badly 的原级、比较级和最高级

⑦ 八年级上英语语法总结全部谁知道

八年级上册学的都比较简单,形容词和副词的比较级和最高级,句子成分,类型,简单句的五种基本句型,宾语从句,各种时态包括一般现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时,一般将来时,情态动词和动词不定式等……具体内容如下——

一、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
1) 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
great (原级) greater(比较级) greatest(最高级)
2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。
wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级)
3)少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。
clever(原级) cleverer(比较级) cleverest(最高级)
4) 以 -y 结尾,但 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和-est 构成.
happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级)
5) 以一个辅音字母结尾其前面的元音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级是双写该辅音字母然后再加 -er和-est。
big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级)
6) 双音节和多音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。
beautiful (原级)? difficult (原级)
more beautiful (比较级) more difficult (比较级)
most beautiful (最高级) most difficult (最高级)

不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good better best
many more most
much more most
bad worse worst
little less least
ill worse worst
far farther(further) farthest(furthest)
deep deeper deepest
tall taller tallest

形容词比较级的用法:
形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:
主语+谓语(系动词)+ 形容词比较级+than+ 对比成分。 也就是, 含有形容词比较级的主句+than+从句。注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的部分, 而只剩下对比的成分。

形容词最高级的用法:
形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为:
主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句。

二、句子成分
1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。
一般可分为两类:
1),简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。
2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式
3、表语
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。
但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。
6、状语
修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。

三、句子类型:
1、简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。
2、复合句(Complex Sentence)由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。
3、两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。

四、简单句的五种基本句型
基本句型一: S V (主+谓)
基本句型二: S V P (主+谓+表)
基本句型三: S V O (主+谓+宾)
基本句型四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
基本句型五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)

五、宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语
和非正式文体中可以省略。
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
初二上册学的宾从就是这些。

六、时态:
一. 一般现在时: (1)表示现在的状态, 例如:He’s twelve. (2)表示经常性的或习惯性的动作,例如:I go to school every day. (3)表示主语具备的性格和能力, 例如:She likes apple.常与often, usually, sometimes, always, every day等表示经常性的或习惯性的时间状语连用.
1. 肯定句结构:
(1) 行为动词:
a. 第一、二人称,复数人称: They/We/You+动词原形... 例如:They go to school every day.
b.第三人称单数: He/She/It+动词-s/es… 例如:Lily often likes singing.
(2)系动词(be): I am... They/We/You are… He/She/It is…
2.否定句结构:
(1) 行为动词:
a. 第一、二人称,复数人称: They/We/You+don’t+动词原形... 例如:They don’t go to school every day.
b.第三人称单数:He/She/It+doesn’t +动词原形… 例如:Lily doesn’t like singing.
(2)系动词(be): 在is/am/are后加not 例如:I am not a worker.
3. 一般疑问句结构:
a. 第一、二人称,复数人称: Do+they/we/you+动词原形...
例如:Do they go to school every day? (Yes, they do. No, they don’t.)
b.第三人称单数: Does +he/she/iIt+动词原形…
例如: Does Lily often like singing? (Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.)
(2)系动词(be):把is/am/are提在主语前.
例如:Are you a worker? (Yes, I am. No, I’m not.)
二.现在进行时: 表示现在正在进行的动作或发生的事情.常与now, look…, listen…等表示现在状态的时间状语连用.
1.肯定句结构: 主语+is/am/are+动词-ing…
例如: The boys are playing football now.
2.否定句结构: 在is/am/are后加not
例如: The boys aren’t playing football now.
3. 一般疑问句结构: 把is/am/are提在主语前.
例如: Are the boys playing football now? (Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.)
三.一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.常与yesterday…, last…, …ago, in1990等表示过去状态的时间状语连用.
1. 肯定句结构:
(1) 行为动词: 主语+动词的过去式…
例如: The twins went to school two hours ago.
(2) 系动词(be): I/ He/She/It+was… They/We/You+were…
例如: I was at home last night.
2.否定句结构:
(1) 行为动词: 主语+didn’t+动词原形…
例如: The twins didn’t go to school two hours ago.
(2)系动词(be): 在was/were后加not
例如: I wasn’t at home last night.
3. 一般疑问句结构:
(1) 行为动词: Did+主语+动词原形…?
例如: Did the twins go to school two hours ago?
(Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.)
(2)系动词(be): 把was/were提在主语前.
例如: Were you at home last night? (Yes, I was. No, I was’t.)
四.一般将来时: 表示将来某时将要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作.常与tomorrow…, next…等表示将来状态的时间状语连用.
1. 肯定句结构:
(1)用于书面语: 主语+will+动词…
例如: We will come to see you tomorrow
(2)用于口语: 主语+am/is/are going to+动词…
例如: Tom is going to see his uncle next Sunday.
2.否定句结构:
(1)用于书面语: 在will后加not
例如: We won’t come to see you tomorrow. (will not=won’t)
(2)用于口语: 在is/am/are后加not.
例如: Tom isn’ going to see his uncle next Sunday.
3. 一般疑问句结构:
(1)用于书面语: 把will提在主语前.
例如: Will you come to see you tomorrow? (Yes, we will. No, we won’t.)
(2)用于口语: 把is/am/are提在主语前.
例如: Is Tom going to see his uncle next Sunday?
(Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.)
五.情态动词: can(能,会), may(可以,可能,也许), must(必须,一定,应该)
have to(必须,不得不)
1. 肯定句结构: 主语+can/may/must+动词…
例如: I must go now.
2.否定句结构: 在can/may/must后加not. 例如: I mustn’t go now.
3. 一般疑问句结构: 把can/may/must提在主语前.
Must you go now? (Yes, I must. No, I needn’t.)
May I open the window? (Yes, you may. No, you needn’t.)
六.had better+动词原形,表示“最好干……”,变否定句时在had better后加not.
例如:You had better catch a bus.
You’d better not catch a bus. (You had= You’d )
七.动词不定式:want /forget /remember /would like /go + to + 动词原形…
例如: I want to get back my book..
Lucy went to see his mother last night.
九.特殊疑问句的变换:对划线部分提问时,将划线部分去掉,剩下部分变一般疑问句语序。(对主语提问例外)
例如: My name is Lily. What’s your name?
The river is 500 kilometres. Hong long is the river?

同学,这可是我结合课本与网络“呕心沥血”总结出来的,希望对你有所帮助,如果还不行,建议到人教网把电子课本翻到后面也还有。

⑧ 初二英语语法知识点整理

中考重点句型
一、常使用动词不定式的短语
1、It’s time to do sth.\ It’s time for sth
该作某事的时候了.
2、can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事
3、ask /telle sb. (not ) to do sth.
要求/告诉某人(不)作某事
4、allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人作某事
5、be supposed to do sth. 应该作某事
6、Would like /want (sb.) to do sth. 想要作某事
7、have sth/nothing to do 有…时要做/与…无关
8、find it +adj. to do sth. 发觉作某事…
9、prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
宁愿作某事,而不愿作某事
10、It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.
作某事对某人来说…
11、It’s better /best to do sth. 最好做某事
12、It takes sb. sometime. to do sth.
某人做某事用了一些时间
二、常用动名词的短语
1、 enjoy /like /love doing sth. 喜欢做某事
2、 keep /keep on /carry on / go on doing sth.
继续做某事
3、feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
4、practise doing sth. 练习作某事
5、give up doing sth. 放弃作某事
6、be good at= do well in\on doing sth. 擅长作某事
7、pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事
8、what about/ how about doing sth.
….怎么样(好吗)?
9、Thank you for doing sth. 为…感谢某人
10、mind doing sth. 介意作某事
11、be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 、
被用来作某事
12、spend …(in) doing sth. 花时间作某时
13、be busy doing/ with sth. 忙于作某事
14、finish doing sth. 作完某时
15、look forward to doing. 盼望做某事
16、prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢…胜过…
17、be/get used to doing sth. 习惯作某事
18、keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth.
阻止某人作某事
三、省略动词不定式的短语
1、一看二听三使役
see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /listen to sb. do sth.
看见/听见/感觉/注意某人作某事
make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事
2、help sb. (to) do sth/ with sth.帮助某人作某事
3、 had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事
4、 Why don’t you/ not do sth.为什么不作某事
5、Would /Will / Could you please (not) do sth.
请你(不)作某事好吗?
四、 同义词比较
1、 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事
eg. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest.
2、 forget / remember to do sth.
忘记/记得要去作某事
forget / remember doing sth.
忘记记得曾经做过某事
eg. Please remember to bring my book to school.
I remember doing my homework
3、 used to do sth. 过去常常作某事
be used to do sth. 被用来作某事
be used to doing sth. 习惯于作某事
eg. My father used to smoke.
Wood is used to make paper.
I am used to getting up early.
4、So +be/助动词/情态动词 + 主语
…也一样
So +主语+be/助动词/ 情态动词
是呀,表示赞同别人的观点
Neither + be /助动词/ 情态动词+主语
…也不一样(用于否定句)
eg. He has been to Beijing. So have I.
It’s a fine day. So it is.
She doesn’t like eggs. Neither do I.
5、 too…to do sth. 太…而不能…
so +adj. /adv + that(从句) 如此…以致…
such +(a/an +adj.)+n.+ that(从句)
如此…以致…
(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth.
(对某人来说)做某事(不)够
eg. The boy is too young to go to school.
The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school.
The boy is not old enough to go to school.
五、常考知识点
1、keep +adj. 保持…状态
keep (sb.) doing sth.
继续做某事/使某人老是做某事
eg. Everyone should keep our classroom clean.
It’s too late, but he still keeps working.
Lily always keeps us waiting for her.
2、make+ sb. + n. 使某人成为
make + sb. + adj. 使某人…
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
Sb. be made to sth. 某人被迫做某事
eg. We made Peter our monitor.
Books make us happy.
He often makes me laugh.
The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.
3、I don’t think that 我认为…不
eg. I don’t think you are right.
4、It’s /was/has been+ some time +since+一般过去时… 自从…以来有多久了
eg. It has been two years since we met last time.
6、 What do you mean by?=What does .. mean?=what is the meaning of...?
是什么意思?
eg. What do you mean by “computer”?=What does “computer” mean?=what is the meaning of "computer"?
7、 What do you think of…/How do you like …?
你认为…怎么样?
eg. What do you think of this film /How do you like this film?
8、 What is/was/will …be like? ..怎么样?
eg. What is the weather like?
What will the life in the future be like?
9、 It’s said/ reported that… 据说/据报道
It's well known that 众所周知
It's thought that 大家认为
eg. It’s said that the population of the word would be 6 billion in 2050.
10、one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数
…其中之一
eg. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
11、neither…nor… 既不…也不(两者都不)
either…or…要么…要么/或者…或者/不是…就是
not only…but also… 不但…而且
以上三个词做主语时,要用就近原则
eg. Neither you nor he has been to the USA.
Either he or you go to the park.
Not only my mother but also my father is a teacher.
neither of 两者都不
either of 两者选一
none of 没有一个
以上三个做主语时,谓语动词用单数
All of 全部 Both of 两者都
以上二个做主语时,谓语动词用复数
12、比较级+ than +any other +名词单数
…比其余任何一个…
比较级+ than + the other+名词复数
eg. Shanghai is bigger than any other city=shanghai is bigger than the other cities in China.
13、When(当…的时候), if (如果), as soon as(一…就), until(直到…才), unless(除非/如果…不)这几个词引导的时间或条件状语从句时,主句要用一般将来时.
从句一般现在时
eg. I will call you when he comes.
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic.
As soon as I get to Beijing, I’ll come to see you.
He won’t go to bed until his parents come back.
Unless you work hard, you won’t catch up with others.

⑨ 八年级英语知识点 最新

英语语法中的16种时态
所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段,即:现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种;所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时说呈现的状态,有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态或完成进行状态四种。由时和态结合,便形成下列十六种时态:
一般状态:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,一般过去将来时;
进行状态:现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去将来进行时;
完成状态:现在完成时,过去完成时,将来完成时,过去将来完成时;
完成进行状态:现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时,过去将来完成进行时.
一、 一般现在时
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)
4.否定形式:am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。6.例句:. It seldom ['seldəm]很少snows here.
He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words..
二、 一般过去时
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词 的过去式
4.否定形式:was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。6.例句:She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy.
三、 现在进行时
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:now, at this time, days, etc. look . listen
3.基本结构:be+doing 4.否定形式:be+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6.例句: How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons.
四、 过去进行时
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3.基本结构 s+was/were+doing 4.否定形式:s+was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写)
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
五、 现在完成时
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。2.时间状语:yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点,for+时间段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构:have/has + done 4.否定形式:have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
六、 过去完成时
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构:had + done. 4.否定形式:had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)
①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他
②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
七、 一般将来时
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构:主语+am/is/are+going to + do;will/shall + do.
4.否定形式:am/is/are not going to do ;will/shall not do。
5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.
八、 过去将来时
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构:was/were+going to + do;would/should + do.
4.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day. I asked who was going there .
九、将来完成时
1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语:by the time of;by the end of+时间短语(将来);by the time+从句(将来)
3.基本结构:be going to/will/shall + have done
4例句:By the time you get back,great changes will have taken place in this area.
十、现在完成进行时
1.概念:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。2.基本结构:have/has +been+doing
3.时间状语:since+时间点,for+时间段等。4.例子:I have been sitting here for an hour.
The chirdren have been watching TV since six o'clock.
十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看:A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
十二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看:Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
十三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看:
The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon.
时态 - 互相转换

日期表达
英语日期的表达与汉语不同。英语表达的顺序为
"月、日、年",2004年11月4日就可写成November 4th, 2004,还可表示为
November fourth, 2004。也可写成"日、月、年",4th November, 2004即the fourth of November, 2004。
朗读方面在朗读时,"月份"一般直接用英语读出;"日"则要读成"the 序数词";
读年份时,一般分为两个单位来读,前两个数为一个单位,后两个数为一个单位。
如:1982年读作nineteen eighty-two, 1900年读作nineteen hundred。
如果是三位数,先读第一位,再把后两个数合起来读。
如:984年可读为nine eighty-four,757年读成seven fifty-seven。
另外,像2000年一般读成two thousand, 2001年则读成two thousand and one,
以此类推,2004年应读成two thousand and four。
January 12th, 1993读成January the twelfth, nineteen ninety-three。

英语日期的表示法
用英语表示日期,其顺序为“月+日+年”,日和年之间需用逗号隔开。
如:August 2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。
也可以用“日+月+年”来表示。如:10th May,2003(2003年5月10日

英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词in,若具体到
某一天,则需用介词on
January一月(略写为Jan.) February二月(略写为Feb.) March三月
(略写为Mar.) April 四月(略写为Apr.) May五月
June 六月 (略写为Jun.) July七月 (略写为Jul.) August八月 (略写为
Aug.) September九月(略写为Sept.) October十月(略写为Oct.) November十一月
(略写为Nov.) December十二月(略写为Dec.)

⑩ 人教版初二英语上册语法知识

初二英语上册语法知识主要有:1、形容词和副词的比较等级(原级,比较级和最高级)
比较级是用于两者间的比较,即比较级+than 结构。最高级表示三者或三者以上的人或事物的比较,形容词最高级前一定要加the ,后面可以带of 或in 短语来说明比较范围。如 He is the tallest in our class,
2. 要掌握as --as --和not as(so ) --as--句式。表示两者当中在某一方面相同时用as --as --,如I think science is as important as math.表示甲在某一方面不如乙时要用not as (so) --as--如He did not come as\so early as Wang Lin.
3动词的种类:分行为动词、连系动词、助动词、和情态动词四种。
4、动词的时态。
(1)现在进行时可以用来表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作,有意图或打算等含义。如
What are you doing for vacation? I'm visiting my friends in Hong Kong.
(2) "be going to +动词原形”表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。如
We are going to the Great Wall on Sunday morning.
5, 简单句的五种基本类型
S +V We often exercise.S + V +O He likes swimming.S +V+ P They are my friends.
S +V +INO+ DO .She gave me a gift. S+V+O+OC He made the boy laugh.等
6宾语从句:(1)由that 引导(that 在口语或非正式文体中常省略)如
I don't think (that ) she can speak French.
(2) 由连接代词或连接副词引导,如
I want to know where she lives.
(3) 由whether 或if 来引导(口语中常用if )
She asked me if she could borrow these books.