Ⅰ 初级英语基础专项题附答案
初级英语基础专项题（附答案）
导语：期末考试要到了，我觉得这些专项练习题能够帮助初中同学、尤其是初二的同学进行知识点复习和梳理，所以分享给大家，好好练练吧!
一. 词形转换
I. 辨别下列单词是可数名词还是不可数名词
call cartoon coin eye exercise fingernail food
haircut homework hour job money news paper
person postage truck weather work
II. 将下列名词变成复数形式
(1) The _______ are playing football. (boy)
(2) We are _______ , we live in China. (Chinese)
(3) These are Lucy’s _______ . (box)
(4) How many _______ are there in the village? (woman)
(5) One of the ________ is a Young Pioneer. (girl)
(6) I have two (leg) _______ and _______ . (foot)
III. 人称代词的转换
(1) A friend of _______ will come to visit her this evening. (she)
(2) Are these your pens ? They aren’t ______ . (I)
(3) Would you please give _______ the pencil? (he)
(4) Is this _______ book ? (you)
(5) _______ had an English party last Sunday. (we)
(6) They enjoyed _______ very much at the party. (they)
IV. 用little , a little , few , a few填空
(1) The question is so hard that very _______ students in our class can answer it .
(2) “Can you speak Chinese ?”“Yes , only _______ .”
(3) There is no milk in my bottle. Could you let me have _______ .
(4) Hurry up ! There is _______ time left.
(5) Lucy has been here for a year . She has made _______ friends .
V. 用下列代词填空
all, another, any, both, many, much, some, one…the other, other, others, the others
(1) You may keep the book for one month, but you mustn’t lend it to _______ .
(2) There’re fifty students in our class. Twenty of them are girls and _______ are boys .
(3) We don’t have too _______ time.
(4) My sister and I are _______ good at Maths.
(5) We study maths, English and some _______ subjects .
(6) Are there _______ animals on the farm?
(7) There’re forty students in our class. _______ of us are Chinese .
(8) Would you like _______ water?
(9) Mary has two friends. One is Lucy , _______ is Kate .
(10) We have _______ books to read.
VI.
A. 将下列词变为形容词形式
care _______ use _______ wind _______ cloud _______
rain _______ sun _______ friend _______ interest _______
B. 将下列形容词变为副词形式
easy _______ hard _______ careful _______ early _______
slow _______ quick _______ kind _______ clear _______
usual _______ real _______ bad _______ heavy _______
good _________
C. 动词、名词互变
work _______ teach _______ sing _______ drive _______write ____
D. 用括号中词的.正确形式填空
(1) I think the tool is very _______ . (use)
(2) Lily had a _______ breakfast and went out . (quick)
(3) We are very _______ to the new student. (friend)
(4) You can _______ find the cinema, it’s not far from our school. (easy)
(5) The teacher asked us to be more _______ . (care)
(6) Tom’s father is a _______ . He works in a factory . (work)
(7) What a _______ day ! (wind)
(8) Look at the panda . How _______ it walks ! (slow)
(9) The story is very (interest)_______ , I’m very ____ in it .
VII. 用动词非谓语形式填空
(1) It’s very kind of you _______ that for me. (do)
(2) Farmers use trucks _______ their procts to the markets . (take)
(3) I’d like _______ (buy)some oranges.
(4) Jack promised _______ to the English party . (come)
(5) Kate is always ready _______ others . (help)
(6) Our teacher likes _______ friends with us . (make)
(7) Cindy often helps me _______ the flowers . (water)
(8) We have _______ the car and wait for the lights to change . (stop)
(9) “Must I _______ home so early ?”(leave)
“No , you needn’t .”
(10) You mustn’t _______ football every day . (play)
(11) It takes them three weeks _______ how to drive a car . (learn)
(12) Will you please _______ me your phone number? (tell)
(13) Our teacher asked us _______ these maths exercises . (do)
(14) Jim’s father told him _________ him with the work . (help)
(15) The teacher asked the boy _______ late again . (not be)
(16) You’d better _______to school at once. (go)
(17) It’s raining hard now . You’d better _______ . (not leave)
(18) Do you know how _______ this question ? (answer)
(19) My sister and I enjoy _______ TV very much . (watch)
(20) Does she want _______ the film tomorrow? (see)
(21) Lucy and Lily are busy _______ the classroom now . (clean)
(22) Jack’s father never lets him _______ football after meals. (play)
(23) Mary began _______ English when she was six. (learn)
(24) Mr. Green decided _______ to Beijing by plane . (go)
VIII. 用动词一般现在时填空
(1) _______ Lucy _______ apples ? (like)
(2) Mary often _______ to school . (walk)
(3) We sometimes _______ football after school . (play)
(4) My parents _______ a car . (not have)
(5) ______ you _____ the answer to the question ? (know)
IX. 用动词现在进行时填空
(1) You can’t see them . They _______ model ships now. (not make)
(2) _______ Mary _______ an Chinese song now ? (sing)
(3) Jack’s sister _______ TV now . (not watch)
(4) Don’t go out . It _______ hard now . (rain)
(5) Some students _______ in the classroom. (read)
(6) _______ the students _______ the museum now ? (visit)
(7) Don’t make any noise. They _____ a meeting . (have)
X. 用动词一般过去时填空
(1) Tom _______ TV last night . (not watch)
(2) Jack _______ late for school yesterday. (be)
(3) _______ you ill last week? (be)
(4) _______ Lucy _______ a good time yesterday ? (have)
(5) We _______ shopping last Saturday. (go)
XI. 选用适当的情态动词填空
(1) “_______ I speak to Jake? ”“Speaking !”
(2) Don’t be late again . You _______ be here on time.
(3) You can’t park your car here . You _______ park it in the car-park .
(4) You _______ play on the street , it’s dangerous .
(5) You _______ talk to friends by telephone .
XII. 用how或what填空
(1) _______ heavy the traffic is !
(2) _______ a nice , kind boy!
(3) _______ bad the weather is today !
(4) _______ lovely babies !
(5) _______ bad weather !
(6) _______ busy they are !
(7) _______ a traffic jam !
(8) _______ beautiful Shanghai is !
XIII. 基数词变序数词
(1) Wednesday is the _______ day of the week . (four)
(2) July is the _______ month of the year . (seven)
(3) Every day , Tom is always the ______ to come to school . (one)
XIV. 用a / an填空
(1) _______ interesting story-book
(2) _______ nice old woman
(3) _______ American girl
(4) _______ u
(5) _______ song
(6) _______ useful tool
(7) _______ h
(8) _______ envelope
(9) ______ English teacher
(10) _______ hour
二. 选择填空
( )1.“_______ you skate ?”“Sorry , I can’t .”
A. Can B. Must C. May
( )2.“Must I finish my homework at school ?”“No , you ____________ .”
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t
( )3. Please be quiet. You ____talk loudly in the hospital.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. must
( )4.“________ you like some tea?”“Yes , please .”
A. Would B. Will C. Do
( )5.“Can you answer this question ?”“No , I _____ .”
A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t
( )6. “_______ I use your pencil ?”“Certainly , here you are .”
A. Must B. May C. Shall
( )7. Please give the schoolbag _______ Jack .
A. to B. with C. /
( )8. Please give ______ the schoolbag.
A. his B. him C. he
( )9. The girls enjoyed ______ at the party .
A. ourselves B. themselves C. myself
( )10. We should keep ourselves __________ .
A. strong and health
B. strong and healthy
C. strongly and healthy
( )11. The story are _______ and we’re ______ in them .
A. interested ; interesting
B. interesting ; interested
C. interested , interested
( )12. You should _________ your car here, you shouldn’t ________ it by the road side .
A. park ; leave
B. parking , leaving
C. to park , to leave
( )13. Doing eye exercises is ________ for your eyes .
A. good B. bad C. not good
( )14. —__________ does it last ?—For half an hour .
A. How often B. How C. How long
( )15. __________ nice my house is !
A. What B. How C. What a
( )16. _______ warm day it is today !
A. What B. What a C. How a
( )17. _________ happily the boys are playing !
A. How B. What C. How a
( )18. “_________ I come to school at six ?”“No , you needn’t .”
A. Can B. Must C. Do
( )19. _________ delicious cake it is !
A. How a B. What a C. What
( )20. Let’s _______ a rest and _______ some water .
A. take , drink
B. take , to drink
C. to take, to drink
( )21. ______ New Year’s eve , we shall have a party .
A. In B. On C. At
( )22. They’re giving a lot of ________ to the guests .
A. foods and drink
B. food and drink
C. food and drinks
( )23. The Christmas tree is standing _______ the corner of the room .
A. at B. in C. on
( )24. Tom likes to make _______ with different ________ .
A. friends , people B. friend , people C. friends , peoples
( )25. “_________ do you visit your hometown ? ”“Once a year .”
A. How long B. How soon C. How often
( )26.“What kind of person is Mr. Green?”“He’s __________ .”
A. quiet and kind
B. quietly and kind
C. quiet and kindly
( )27. —Do you take regular _________ ?
—Yes , I do .
A. bath B. baths C. bathe
( )28. There’re all _________ of books in the library.
A. kinds B. kind C. sort
( )29. It’s very dark in the room , please ________ the lights .
A. turn off B. put C. turn on
( )30. Look ! The buses and cars are busy __________ .
A. come and go B. came and went C. coming and going
( )31. Be careful when you __________ the busy road .
A. cross B. across C. run cross
( )32. You’d better _________ bus to get there .
A. by B. to take the C. take the
( )33. When does then train __________ Beijing ?
A. leave to B. leave for C. leave on
( )34. There’re many ways of ________ around the town .
A. traveling B. travels C. travel
( )35. Jim decided __________ a trip with Lucy.
A. to make B. making C. makes
( )36. What’re you going to do ___________ holiday ?
A. for B. to C. on
( )37. —Which subject should I talk __________ ?
—How about sports?
A. to B. with C. about
( )38. Jack promises __________ fishing with us .
A. to go B. go C. going
( )39. Tom asked ________ his name , but he didn’t tell him .
A. to B. with C. for
( )40. Would you please ________ the postcard into the letter-box ?
A. send B. post C. drop
( )41. If you _______ hard , you ______ the English exam .
A. work , pass B. work , pass C. work , will pass
( )42. When I walked ______ the library, I saw it happen .
A. past B. pass C. passed
( )43. Does Lily know _________ the word ?
A. to how spell B. how spell C. how to spell
( )44. _________ took them thirty minutes to walk there .
A. They B. That C. It
( )45. Cindy _______ one hundred Yuan ________ the shoes .
A. spent ; on B. spent ; for C. took ; for
( )46. Why ______ wait for them ? They’re coming in a minute .
A. not B. don’t C. you don’t
( )47. The people over there ________ a meeting now .
A. having B. are having C. is having
( )48. Which subject do you like __________ , English or art ?
A. better B. well C. very much
( )49. Tom learns Chinese very _________ .
A. good B. nice C. well
( )50. I don’t feel very ________ today .
A. good B. better C. well
( )51. I haven’t seen you _______ two months.
A. since B. for C. when
( )52. What is the postage __________ the letter _________ U.S.A.?
A. for , for B. for , to C. to , for
( )53. Jim’s mother ____ the money _____ Jim and told him to buy some books.
A. gave , / B. gave , with C. gave , to
( )54. Help ________ to some more apples, girls !
A. yourself B. yourselves C. themselves
( )55. Tom enjoyed ________ a lot , he read a lot of famous books.
A. reads B. read C. reading
( )56. Are you ready __________ the English exam?
A. to B. to have C. having
( )57. __________ the door when you leave .
A. Do close B. Closes C. Closing
( )58. Jack is a kind-hearted boy, he often ______ me _______ my lessons .
A. helps , with B. help , to do C. helps , and
( )59. The policeman told the children _______ carefully when they cross the road .
A. to look B. look C. not look
( )60. The Browns _______ send the letters to their friends.
A. want B. want not C. want to
【参考答案】
一.
I.
可数名词：truck , eye , haircut , hour , fingernail , job , exercise , coin , call，cartoon , person
其余为不可数名词
II.
(1) boys (2) Chinese (3) boxes(4) women(5) girls (6) legs , feet
III.
(1) hers (2) mine (3) him (4) your (5) we (6) themselves
IV.
(1) few (2) a little (3) a little(4) little(5) a few
V.
(1) others(2) the others (3) much (4) both(5) other (6) any(7) All (8) some(9) the other (10) some / many
VI.
A : careful useful windy cloudy
rainy sunny friendly interested / interesting
B : easily hard carefully early
slowly quickly kindly clearly
usually really badly heavily
well
C : worker teacher singer driver writer
D: (1) useful (2) quick (3) friendly (4) easily (5) careful(6) worker (7) windy(8) slowly (9) interesting interested
VII.
(1) to do (2) to take (3) to buy (4) to come (5) to help (6) to make / making (7)(to)water (8) to stop (9) leave (10) play (11) to learn (12) tell (13) to do (14) to help (15) not to be (16) go (17) not leave (18) to answer (19) watching (20) to see
(21) cleaning (22) play (23) to learn (24) to go
VIII.
(1) Does…like (2) walks (3) play(4) doesn’t have (5) Do , know
IX.
(1) aren’t making (2) Is singing (3) isn’t watching (4) is raining (5) are reading (6) Are visiting (7) are having
X.
(1) didn’t watch (2) was(3) Were(4) Did , have (5) went
XI.
(1) May / Could / Can (2) must(3) must / should(4) mustn’t (5) can
XII.
(1) How (2) What(3) How (4) What(5) What (6) How(7) What (8) How
XIII.
(1) fourth (2) seventh(3) first
XIV.
(1) an (2) a (3) an (4) a (5) a (6) a(7) an (8) an(9) an (10) an
二.
1—5 ACAAC 6—10 BABBB
11—15 BAACB 16—20 BABCA
21—25 BCBAC 26—30 ABACC
31—35 ACBAA 36—40 CCACC
41—45 CACCA 46—50 ABACC
51—55 BBCBC 56—60 BAAAC
;Ⅱ 我想问几个英语基础问题
问题一、
1、介词
介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词纳枯组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语
介词口诀：自从以当为按照，由于对于为了到；和跟把比在关于，除了同对向往朝；用在名词代词前，修饰动形要记牢。
1.表示地点位置的介词
1)at ,in, on, to
at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近，旁边”
in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。
on 表示毗邻，接壤
to 表示在……范围外，不强调是否接壤
He arrived at the station at ten.
He is sitting at the desk.
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
Jiangsu lies in the east of China.
Russia lies on the north of China.
Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.
2)above, over, on 在……上
above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对；
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。
on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
The bird is flying above my head.
There is a bridge over the river.
He put his watch on the desk.
3)below, under 在……下面
under表示在…正下方
below表示在……下，不一定在正下方
There is a cat under the table.
Please write your name below the line.
2.表示时间的介词
1)in , on，at 在……时
in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节誉茄举、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。
如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等。
on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。
如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。
at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。
如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas， at night, at noon, at this moment等。
注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day.
2)in, after 在……之后
“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后；
“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后；
“after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。
My mother will come back in three or four days.
He arrived after five months.
She will appear after five o’clock this afternoon.
3)from, since 自从……
from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久；
since表示某动作或情庆碧况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。
He studied the piano from the age of three.
They have lived here since 1978.
4)after, behind 在……之后
after主要用于表示时间；
behind主要用于表示位置。
We shall leave after lunch.
Lucy is hiding behind an old house.
3.表运动方向的介词：
across, through 通过，穿过
across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关；
through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关。
She swam across the river.
He walked through the forest.
4.表示“在……之间”的介词：
between, among
between指在两个人或两个事物之间；
among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。
There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground.
The teacher is standing among the students.
5.表示其他意义的介词
1)on ,about 关于
on 表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读；
about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。
There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.
He is writing a book on cooking.
He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.
2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具
by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；
with 表示用 …工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段；
in 表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；
He makes a living by selling newspapers.
He broke the window with a stone.
The foreigner spoke to us in English.
3)except, besides 除了
except 除……之外，不包括在内；
besides 除……之外，包括在内。
Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)
Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
2、副词
定 义:
副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。
分 类:
1) 时间和频度副词:
now,then,often,always,usually,early,today, lately, next,last,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday.
2) 地点副词:
here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.
3) 方式副词:
carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly
4) 程度副词:
much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly.
5) 疑问副词:
how, when, where, why.
6) 关系副词:
when, where, why.
7) 连接副词:
how, when, where, why, whether.
用 法:
副词在句中可作状语,表语,短语。
He works hard.
他工作努力。
You speak English quite well.
你英语讲的很好。
Is she in ?
她在家吗?
Let's be out.
让我们出去吧。
Food here is hard to get.
这儿很难弄到食物。
位 置:
1) 多数副词都可以放在动词的后面,如果动词带有宾语,副词就放在宾语后面。
I get up early in the morning everyday.
我每天早早起床。
He gave me a gift yesterday.
他昨天给了我一件礼物。
She didn't drink water enough.
她没喝够水。
The train goes fast.
火车跑得快。
We can go to this school freely.
我们可以免费到这家学校学习。
They left a life hardly then.
当时他们的生活很艰难。
He has a new cat on today.
他今天戴了一顶新帽子。
I have seen this film twice with my friends.
这部电影我和朋友看过两次。
2) 副词修饰形容词,副词时,副词在前面,而被修饰的词在后面。
It's rather easy, I can do it.
这很容易,我能做到。
He did it quite well.
他做得相当好。
It's rather difficult to tell who is right.
很难说谁是对的。
It's so important that I must tell my friends.
这件事太重要了，我得告诉我的朋友。
It's much better.
好多了。
3) 频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和助动词的后面。
I often help him these days.
这些日子我经常帮助他。
I always remember the day when I first came
to this school.
我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天。
You mustn't always help me.
你不能老是帮助我。
He seldom comes to see us.
他很少来看我们。
We usually go shopping once a week.
我们通常一周买一次东西。
The new students don't always go to dance.
新学生并不时常去跳舞。
4) 疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面。
When do you study everyday?
你每天什么时间学习?
Can you tell me how you did it?
你能告诉我你如何做的吗?
First, let me ask you some questions.
先让我来问几个问题。
How much does this bike cost?
这辆车子多少钱？
Either you go or he comes.
不是你去就是他来。
The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom.
当老师进教室时，学生们正在读书。
5) 时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面时间副词在后面。
We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday.
昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了.
What were you doing in the classroom yesterday evening?
昨天下午你在教室里干什么？
The accident took place in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago.
一小时前十一号大街发生了一场事故。
比较等级:
副词和形容词一样,也有它的比较级和最高级形式. 可以参考形容词的变换形式。但以词尾 -ly 结尾的副词（除 early ）须用 more 和 most 。
hard harder hardest
fast faster fastest
early earlier earliest
much more most
warmly more warmly most warmly
单音节副词的比较级是在副词后面加上 -er 构成的，最高级是在副词后面加上 -est 构成的。
near nearer nearest
hard harder hardest
多音节副词的比较级是在副词的前面加上 -more 构成的。 最高级是在副词前面加上 -most 构成的。
warmly more warmly most warmly
successfully more successfully most successfully
有些副词的比较级和最高级形式是不规则的。
well-better - best little - less - least
Much- more - most badly - worse - worst
far-farther(further)-farthest(furthest)
副词的比较级和最高级用法同形容词的比较级用法基本一样。 最高级形式句中 the 可以省略。
He works harder than I.
他比我工作努力。
Lucy gets up earlier than Lili.
露西比丽丽起床早。
He runs fastest in our class.
他在我们班跑地最快。
He dives deeper than his teammates.
他比他的队员潜水深。
It's true that he speak English more fluently than any of us.
他英语讲的确实比我们任何人都好。
Our school team play football best in our region.
我们校队在我们地区足球踢得最好的。
副词比较级和最高级的形式
副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样
一般 副词
hard→harder →hardest
fast→faster →fastest
late→later →latest
early→earlier →earliest
特殊 副词
well →better →best
much →more →most
badly →worse →worst
little →less →least 但是，开放类副词即以后缀�ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加�er或�est，如
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly
〔注〕： early中的�ly不是后缀，故可以把�y变�i再加�er和�est
Ⅲ 初中英语哪些是基础题型
听力部分，笔试部分(选择题，完行填空，语法填空，阅读理解，任务型，写作)语法填空是基础题
Ⅳ 中考常见的英语的基础题有哪些（包括语法）
听力
单项选择
完形填空
阅读理解
任务型阅读
填词
补全对话
完成句子
书面表达
我们这里是这样的
Ⅳ 英语中考会考哪些知识点（基础题）
一般而言有
1.无性生殖——类型和例子；
2.嫁接——原理、形式（选择、判断）
3.植物的有性生殖——传粉（大题）
4.昆虫的发育过程（选择、图）——各个阶段的发育过程、发育名称
5.dna是主要的遗传物质（大题）
6.遗传性状——遗传图解
（重点中的重点）
7.人的性别决定
8..生男生女的概率（重点）
9.遗传病——常见例子、近亲结婚的危害、优生优育
10.生物变异——可遗传、不可遗传常见的例子（选择、判断）
11.运动的能量直接来源：atp（记住这句话）
12.动物的行为——（选择）（觅食行为：防御行为：生殖行为：求偶（如孔雀开屏、青蛙鸣叫）、占区、筑巢、交配、孵卵、育雏、哺乳。迁徙行为：家燕南飞、秋季落叶昆虫冬眠、鱼类洄游社群行为：蚂蚁、蜜蜂等群体生活的动物在群体生活中的各种联系行为）
Ⅵ 英语基础知识有哪些呢
英语基础知识有如下：
1、字母：英文有26个字母，分成5个元音字母 a,e,i,o,u 和其余的21个辅音字母。
2、音素：音素是英语读音的最小单位。英语有22个元音音素和28个辅音音素。
3、音素字母：音素字母是音素的标记符号，根据英语读音规则，精选50个字母和字母组合，代表50个音素。传统的英语学习方法是用国际音标或K.K.音标来标记音素。比如前元音长音的标记符号，国际音标[i:]，K.K.音标[i] ，音素字母[ee]。
4、音节：音节是读音的基本单位。元音是音节的主体，元音和它前面的辅音构成不间断音，在朗读时不能间断。任何单词的读音，都是分解为一个个音节朗读。音节分成重读音节、次重读音节和轻读音节。
1)、重读音节：按重读音节的读音规则读音，重读的音节。
2)、次重读音节：按重读音节的读音规则读音，但不重读的音节。
3)、轻读音节：按轻读音节的读音规则读音，不重读的音节。
在重读音节和次重读音节中，根据元音字母 a,e,i,o,u 的读音，划分以下5种音节类型：
(1)、开音节：有三种开音节，一种叫绝对开音节，即在元音字母后没有辅音字母，如：we
我们，no不。第二种叫相对开音节，即在元音字母后有一个辅音字母(r除外)，还有一个不发音的字母e，如：name名字，like象。第三种是一个元音字母后有一个不发音的e。如：die死，keep保持。
(2)、闭音节：元音字母后有辅音字母(r除外)构成的音节。如map 地图，bed 床。
(3)、-r音节：元音字母与辅音字母-r结合构成的音节。如：car 汽车，park 公园。
(4)、-re 音节：元音字母与 -re 结合构成的音节。如：care 照料，here 这里。
(5)、元音字母组合音节：由元音字母和元音字母组合。如：wait 等候，tea 茶。 辅音字母在单词中的读音不分音节类型，读字母读音的辅音，如：b[bee]读[b]，f[ef]读[f]。
Ⅶ 英语的基础问题
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语
谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
一般可分为两类：
1)，简单谓语
由动词(或短语动词)构成。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。
2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。
3、表语
表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。
有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。
5、定语
在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。
用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。
但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。
6、状语
修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。
HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。
7.补语
用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作，因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整，如：make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说：我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说：我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的（beautiful)”为形容词做补语，说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为：形容词，副词，名词，不定式，ing形式，数词等。
8.宾补
就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的
例：I know you are student good at maths
在这个句子中，good at maths 就是补语。
宾语补语也可以是句子，所以这个句子也可以是：
I know you are student who is good at maths
还可以是-ing 形式
I see you crossing the street
一、1.早、午、晚要用in
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上 in the day 在白天
2.用于月,年,季节,世纪等.
in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季
in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季
in 1986 在1986年 in April 在四月
in December 1986 在1986年12月
in the 21st century （21世纪）
in a week （一周）
in three days （weeks/month）三天（周/个月）
二、at的用法
1.at用于固定的钟点.
at 7：30 (seven thirty) 在7点半 at half past eleven 在11点半 at six o’clock 在6点钟
2.用于固定搭配.
at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候 at noon 在中午 at night 在夜间 at midnight 在午夜 at five o’clock （五点），at daybreak （天亮），at sunrise （日出），at sunset （日落），at that time （那时），at the beginning of the month （月初）， at that moment （那会儿），at this time of day （在一天的这个时候）。
三、在阳光下，在灯下，在树阴下，穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。
例：Don’t read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书
They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下凉。
He went in the rain to meet me at the station.
他冒雨到车站去接我。
四、at是小地点, in指大地方,表示的是面,表示的是点.
They will arrive in Shanghai.他们将到上海.
They will arrive at the school.他们将到学校.
Turn left at the cinema.在电影院左拐.
They live on the ninth floor.他们住在九楼.
I will meet you at the bus stop.我在车站接你.
五、on的用法
1.用于具体某一天. On my birthday, on June 6,
on Sunday, on New Year’s Day
2.用于描述性的时间. On a cold night, on a winter day
on the morning of the 15th （15日的早上）