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名師微課高一英語知識點名詞

發布時間: 2022-07-15 03:23:38

Ⅰ 高一英語必修一知識點總結

人教版新課標高中英語必修一知識點歸納總結(按單元分) 新課標必修1 Unit1 Friendship 重點片語:
be good to 對….友好 add up 合計 another time 改時間 get sth done 使…被做 calm down 鎮定下來 have got to 不得不 walk the dog 遛狗 make a list of 列出 hide away 躲藏;隱藏 be concerned about 關心;掛念 share sth with sb 和某人分享某物
go through 經歷;仔細檢查 set down 放下;記下 a series of 一系列;一套 be crazy about 對…著迷 on purpose 故意 in order to/ so as to 為了 face to face 面對面地 get along with 與…相處 pack up 收拾,打理行裝
according to 按照;根據…所說 have trouble with sb/sth 同某人鬧意見;做…有困難 communicate with sb 和…交際 throw away the friendship 放棄/終止友誼 try out 試驗;試用 join in 參加(活動) far and wide 到處 look to sth 注意,留心某事 fall in love 相愛 ignorant of 無知的
cheat sb (out) of sth 騙取某人某物 have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的習慣 句子歸納:
1.I wonder if… 我想知道是否….
2. It』s because… 這是因為…. 此從句中because不能用since或as 代替
3. What do you think a good friend should be like? 你認為一個好朋友應該是什麼樣的呢?
4. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. =While you were walking the dog, …在遛狗時,你不小心讓狗掙脫了繩子,結果狗被車撞了。(當while, when, before, after 等引導的時間狀語從句中的主語與主句的主語一致時,可將從句中的主語和be動詞省去。)

5. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位無話不談、能推心置腹的朋友嗎?
6. I haven』t been able to be outdoors for so long that I』ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我已經很久不能去戶外,所以我變得對自然界的所有東西都很感興趣。 7. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 我記得非常清楚,曾有一段時間,湛藍的天空、鳥兒的歌唱、月光和鮮花,從未使我心醉神迷過。 8. It was the first time in a year and a half that I』d seen the night face to face. 這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚。
9. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 如果您給我提些建議,我會非常感謝的。 (I would be grateful if… 委婉客氣提出請求)
10. It』s a good habit for you to keep a diary. 記日記對你來說是個好習慣。 11. She found it difficult to settle and… 12. This series of readers is very interesting. 13. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
14. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.
新課標必修1 Unit2 重點片語:
in…ways 在…方面 such as 例如 believe it or not 信不信由你 come up with 提出 come up to a place 參觀某地 ever before 從前 even if/ though 即使 at the end of 在…末期 be based on 在...基礎上 close to 距離…近 change…into 把…變成 in the early days 在早期 take…with…隨身攜帶 the same…as 與…相同的 at present 目前

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be absent from 缺席 be present at 在席;出席 carry out a rule 執行規則 be a native of 是…人 at sb』s request 應某人的要求 have a command of掌握 make a request 請求 request that …(should)+v原形 in one direction 朝一個方向 give commands 命令 be different from 與…不同 i n the 1600』s = in the 1600s as a rule 通常;照例 be native to 是…的土產動物/植物 as we know 正如我們所知 an international language 一門國際語言 an international organization 一個國際組織 play a role/ part (in) 在…中擔任角色;在…中起作用;扮演一個角色;參與 play an important role/ part 在…中起重要作用 because of 因為;由於 come up (vi) 走進;上來;發生;被討論 make (good/ full) use of (好好/充分)利用
from one place to another 從一處到另一處 present sth to sb / present sb with sth 句子歸納:
1. However, they may not be able to understand everything. (然而,他們可能不是什麼都懂。)
2. This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. (這是因為英國於1765年到1947年統治過印度。)
3. All languages change when cultures communicate with one another. (當不同文化互相溝通時,所有的語言都會發生變化。) 4. What the British call 「petrol」 the Americans call 「gas」.
(美國人把被英國人稱作「petrol」的東西稱作「gas」。 此處what引導賓語從句) 5. Actually, it was based more on German than present day English. (實際上,當時的英語更多地是以德語為基礎的,而現代英語不是。)
6. …those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. 7. The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.
(in which= where, 其引導定語從句。 美國是一個大國,國內說著許許多多的方言。)

Ⅱ 高一英語名詞性從句和情態動詞講解

情態動詞有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情態動詞無人稱和數的變化;不能單獨使用,必須與其後的動詞原形構成謂語 一、 can, could 1) 表示能力(體力、知識、技能)。 Can you lift this heavy box?(體力) Mary can speak three languages.(知識) Can you skate?(技能) 此時可用be able to代替。Can只有一般現在時和一般過去式;而be able to則有更多的時態。 I』ll not be able to come this afternoon. 當表示「經過努力才得以做成功某事」時應用be able to,不能用Can。如: He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2) 表示請求和允許。 -----Can I go now? ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can』t. 此時可與may互換。在疑問句中還可用could, might代替,不是過去式,只是語氣更委婉,不能用於肯定句和答語中。 ---- Could I come to see you tomorrow? ---- Yes, you can. ( No, I』m afraid not. ) 3) 表示客觀可能性(客觀原因形成的能力)。 They』ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. 4) 表示推測(驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態度),用於疑問句、否定句和感嘆句中。 Can this be true? This can』t be done by him. How can this be true? 二、 may, might 1) 表示請求和允許。might比 may語氣更委婉,而不是過去式。否定回答時可用can』t 或mustn』t,表示「不可以,禁止」。 ----Might/ May I smoke in this room? ---- No, you mustn』t. ---- May/Might I take this book out of the room? ---- Yes, you can. (No, you can』t / mustn』t. ) 用May I...?征徇對方許可時比較正式和客氣,而用Can I...?在口語中更常見。 2)用於祈使句,表示祝願。 May you succeed! 3) 表示推測、可能性(不用於疑問句)。 might不是過去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。 1.He may /might be very busy now. 2.Your mother may /might not know the truth. 三、 must, have to 1) 表示必須、必要。 You must come in time. 在回答引出的問句時,如果是否定的,不能用mustn』t(禁止,不準),而用needn』t, don』t have to(不必). ---- Must we hand in our exercise books today? ---- Yes, you must. ---- No, you don』t have to / you needn』t. 2) must是說話人的主觀看法, 而have to則強調客觀需要。Must只有一般現在時, have to 有更多的時態形式。 1. he play isn』t interesting, I really must go now. 2. I had to work when I was your age. 3) 表示推測、可能性(只用於肯定的陳述句) 1. You』re Tom』s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 2. Your mother must be waiting for you now. 四、 dare, need 1) dare作情態動詞用時, 常用於疑問句、否定句和條件從句中, 過去式形式為dared。 1. How dare you say I』m unfair? 2. He daren』t speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 3. If we dared not go there that day, we couldn』t get the beautiful flowers. 2) need 作情態動詞用時, 常用於疑問句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。 1.You needn』t come so early. 2. ---- Need I finish the work today? ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn』t. 3) dare和 need作實義動詞用時, 有人稱、時態和數的變化。在肯定句中,dare後面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問句和否定句中,dare後面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。而need後面只能接帶to的不定式。 1. I dare to swim across this river. 2. He doesn』t dare (to) answer. 3. He needs to finish his homework today. 五、 shall, should 1) shall 用於第一人稱,徵求對方的意見。 What shall we do this evening? 2) shall 用於第二、三人稱,表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。 1. You shall fail if you don』t work hard.(警告) 2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允諾) 3. He shall be punished.(威脅) 六、 will, would 1) 表示請求、建議等,would更委婉。 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please? 2) 表示意志、願望和決心。 1. I will never do that again. 2. They asked him if he would go abroad. 3) would表示過去反復發生的動作或某種傾向。would表示過去習慣時比used to正式,且沒有「現已無此習慣」的含義。 1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 2. The wound would not heal. 4) 表示估計和猜想。 It would be about ten o』clock when she left home. 七、 should, ought to 1) should, ought to表示「應該」,ought to表示義務或責任,比should語氣重。 1. I should help her because she is in trouble. 2. You ought to take care of the baby. 2) 表示勸告、建議和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑問句中常用should。 1. You should / ought to go to class right away. 2. Should I open the window? 3) 表示推測 should , ought to (客觀推測), must(主觀推測)。 1.He must be home by now. (斷定他已到家) 2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定) 3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽) 4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄) 八、 情態動詞+不定式完成式(have done) 1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示「本來可以做而實際上能做某事」,是虛擬語氣;在疑問句或否定句中表示對過去行為的懷疑或不肯定, 表示推測。 1. You could have done better, but you didn』t try your best. (虛擬語氣) 2. He can』t have been to that town.(推測) 3. Can he have got the book?(推測) 2) may / might +不定式完成式(have done) 表示對過去行為的推測。不能用於疑問句中,沒有虛擬語氣的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。 1. He may not have finished the work . 2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier. 3)must +不定式完成式(have done) 用於肯定句中,表示對過去行為的推測。意為「一定、想必」。其疑問、否定形式用can,can』t代替。參看1) can / could + have done表示推測。 1. You must have seen the film Titanic. 2. He must have been to Shanghai. 4)should +不定式完成式(have done) 用於肯定句中,表示對過去行為的推測。 He should have finished the work by now。 表示「本應該做而實際上沒有做某事」,其否定式表示某種行為本不該發生卻發生了。可以與ought to +不定式完成式(have done)互換。 1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn』t.) 2. She shouldn』t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it. 5) needn』t +不定式完成式(have done) 表示「本來不必做而實際上做了某事」。 You needn』t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain. 6) will +不定式完成式(have done) 主要用於第二、三人稱,表示對已完成的動作或事態的推測。 He will have arrived by now.
參考資料: http://www.qgwz.com/article/class171/class174/200509/115.html

Ⅲ `高一英語知識點十條。最好是比較冷門的。或者定冠詞the的用法。

定冠詞the用在可數名詞的單數或復數或不可數的名詞前面:
1- 表示特指的人或事物。
2- 指談話雙方都熟悉的人或事物。
3- 復述前面提到過的人或事物。
4- 表示世界上獨一無二的事物。
5- 用在表示方位的名詞前面。
6- 常用在樂器名稱的前面。
7- 在序數詞和形容詞最高級的前面。
還有很多,這里重要的就說這么多。希望對你有幫助!

Ⅳ 英語名詞知識點歸納有哪些

英語名詞知識點歸納有:

1、以s結尾的名詞復數,變所有格時在s後加「'」,不以s結尾的名詞復數,在詞尾加「's」。

2、不可數名詞包括物質名詞和抽象名詞。

3、有生命的名詞所有格以及表示時間、距離、城鎮、國家等的名詞所有格。

4、名詞的復數形式,一般在單數形式後面加-s或-es。

5、名詞在句中表示所有關系的語法形式叫做名詞所有格。

Ⅳ 高一英語主要知識點!!

高中英語的重點就是定語從句(句子做定語)。
高一第一學期的語法內容就是各種定語從句。
1.定語從句:
關系代詞(that,which,who,whom,whose)和關系副詞(where,when,why)的定語從句。關系代詞在定語從句中做主語或賓語。關系副詞在從句中做狀語。
2.
主語從句,同位語從句。(句子做主語,句子做同位語)。
3.非謂語動詞:動名詞,動詞不定式,分詞(現在分詞和過去分詞)。

Ⅵ 高一英語高頻知識點

我給你分為三個部分 第一部分是重點片語 第二部分是重點巨型 第三部分是重點語法 希望對你有所幫助

重點句型
1.「So + be/have/助動詞/情態動詞+主詞」的結構。此結構中的語序是倒裝的,「So」代替上句中的某個成分。如果上面一句是否定句,則使用「Neither/Nor+be/have/助動詞/情態動詞+主語」的結構。
例如 He』s tired,and so am I.(=I』 m also tired.)
You can swim,and so can I.(=I can also swim.)
She has had supper,and so can I.(=I』ve had lunch,too.)
Tom speaks English,and so does his sister.(=His sister speaks English,too.)
A: I went to the park yesterday.
B: So did I.(=I also went to the park yesterday.)
2.「So +主語+be/have/助動詞/情態動詞」結構中的主謂是正常語序,so相當於indeed,certainly,表示說話人對前面或對方所說情況的肯定、贊同或證實,語氣較強,意思是「確實如此」。
例如 A:It was cold yesterday.昨天很冷。B:So it was.的確如此。(=Yes,it was.)
A:You seem to like sports.B:So I do.(=Yes,I do.)
A:It will be fine tomorrow.B:So it will.(=Yes ,it will.)
3.「主語+do/does/did + so」結構指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事,以免重復。
My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(=I handed in
my composition on time.) 語文老師叫我按時交作文, 我照辦了。
4.So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 「……(的情況)也是如此。」當前面的句子中有幾種不同形式的謂語時,要表示相同情況,必須使用本句型,不能使用so 引起的倒裝句。
She doesn』t play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.
5、There you are. 行了,好。
這是一句表示一種事情告一段落或有了最終結果的用語。如:
There you are! Then let's have some coffee.除此之外,還可以表示「瞧,對吧(果然如此)」的語氣。例如:There you are! I knew we should find it at last.對吧!我就知道我們最終能找到的。
6、have some difficulty (in) doing sth.
干某事有困難;接名詞時,常用句型:have some difficulty with sth.
①Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding English?你理解英語口語有困難嗎?
②She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.她說她在發音方面有困難。
7、have a good knowledge of sth.
「掌握……」,「對……有某種程度的了解」
①He has a good knowledge of London.他對倫敦有所了解。
②A good knowledge of languages is always useful.
8、Tree after tree went own, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres deep.
一棵又一棵的樹被水沖倒、沖斷。那水肯定有三米深。
「must have + 過去分詞」表示對已發生事情的猜測。在英語中,must,may,can三個情態動詞可用來表示對事情的猜測。Must意為「肯定」,語氣很有把握;may意為「可能」、「也許」,語氣把握性不大。兩者常用在肯定句中。Can意為「肯定」、「也許」,常用在否定句或疑問句中。Must,may,can三者用於表示猜測時,其後面可跟三種不同的動詞形式:1)跟動詞原形表示對現在事情的猜測;
2)跟be doing表示對正在發生事情的猜測;3)跟have done表示對已經發生的事情的猜測。例如:
Helen is Lucy』s good friend. She must know Lucy』s e-mail.海倫是露茜的好朋友。她肯定知道露茜的電子郵件。
We can hear loud voices in the meeting room. They must be quarrelling.我們可以聽到會議
室很吵。他們肯定在吵架。
I met Jeff at the gate a moment ago. He can』t have gone to Australia.我剛才還在大門口見
過傑夫。他不可能去了澳大利亞。
9、Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看著猴子從他手上吃花生,很有趣。
fun 「好玩,趣事」,不可數名詞,前面不加不定冠詞a。
You』re sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你肯定會玩得很開心。
make fun of「取笑」,「嘲弄」。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a
strange jacket.人們嘲笑他只是因為他穿了一件那麼奇怪的衣服。
funny adj. 「可笑的,滑稽的」。He looks very funny in his father』s jacket.他穿著他父親
的衣服,看上去很滑稽。
10、Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea……
許多看過這部電影的人都不敢在海里游。
afraid 用法說明:1)害怕人/ 物,如:be afraid of sb / sth
2)不敢做某事,如:be afraid to do sth / of doing sth
He is afraid to go out / of going out alone at night.
3) 擔心會發生某事, 如: be afraid of doing sth或be afraid + that clause
He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid of falling into the river.
He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid that he might fall into theriver.
4) 給人不愉快的信息或不贊同某人意見時, 用I』m afraid …, 如:
I』m afraid I』ve got bad news for you.I』m afraid I can』t agree with you.
11、It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盤子里所有東西吃完是有禮貌的。
這是一個動詞不定式作主語的句型,其中to finish eating everything 是主語,it是形式主語。
12、I wish you all the best.我祝你萬事如意.
用wish來表示祝願的結構是wish sb sth, 此外我們還可以用may來表示祝願: May sb do sth如:
May you succeed.
13、Where there is a river, there is a city. 有河流的地方就有城市。
Where在這里引導的是地點狀語從句,相當於介詞in/ at/ to + the place + where從句9定語從句),意思是「在……地方」。 例如:
Where there is smoke, there is fire.無風不起浪;事出有因。
He lives where the climate is mild.他住在氣候溫暖的地方。
14、Strong, proud, and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia .
聖彼得堡人民堅強不屈、充滿自豪、團結一致,他們是俄羅斯當代的英雄。
Strong, proud, and united為前置定語,在這里相當於一個非限制性定語從句:
The people of St Petersburg , who are strong, proud, and united, are the modern heroes
of Russia . 當主語比較短時,這類短語常常放在句首。
15. Congratulations!是一句祝賀用語,在使用時要用復數形式。其他幾個通常以復數形式出現表達特定含義的名詞有:
manners(禮貌):He is a little boy with good manners.這個小男孩很有禮貌。
regards (問候):Please send my regards to your parents.請代我問候你父母。
16. Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games.
沒四年,世界各地的運動員們都要參加奧運會。
「every + 基數詞 + 時間/ 距離單位」詞表示「每多少時間/ 距離」。如:
every five days(每五天), every three hours(每三小時), every ten metres(每十公尺)
類似表達形式還有:every fifth day, every third hour
「每隔一天」的表達形式有:every second day, every two days, every other day.
17、Modern cellphones are more than just phones—they are used as cameras and radios, and
to send e-mail or surf the Internet.現代的手機不僅僅是電話機—它們也當坐照相機和收音機使用,還可以發送電子郵件和上網。
use A as B 把A用作B。例如:
In ancient times, people used stones as tools for farming.在古代,人們把石頭用作耕作的工具。
use sth to do sth用某物來做某事。例如:
In ancient times, people used stones to kill animals for food.在古代,人們用石頭來捕殺動物獲取食物。
18、The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no
matter where we are or what we are doing.答案似乎是:無論我們在何處或正在做什麼,我們都需要和朋友以及家人一直保持聯系。
1) seem 似乎,好像,其用法及搭配有:seem + adj., 如:
This problem seems complicated, but actually it is simple.這個問題看似復雜,其實很簡單。
seem to do : I seem to have seen him somewhere before.我好像以前在哪兒見過他。
It seems that…,; It seems that everything is going on well.好像一切正常。
It seems as if…,: It seems as if it』s going to rain.看來快要下雨了。
2) no matter無論,不管,後面常跟疑問詞引導的從句,其意相當於疑問詞後加ever。如 no matter what=whatever; no matter where=wherever; no matter how=however; no matter when=whenever例如:
No matter when (Whenever) I meet him, he is always wearing that old hat.
不管我什麼時候遇見他,他總是戴著那頂舊禮帽。
No matter how (However) expensive the cellphone is, I』ll buy it because I need one badly.
無論這手機有多貴,我都要買。因為我急需有個手機。
重點語法:
直接引語和間接引語
1. 直接引語在改為間接引語時,時態需要做相應的調整。
eg: 「I broke your CD player.」 (一般過去時改成過去完成時)He told me he had broken my CD player.
Jenny said, 「I have lost a book.」(現在完成時改成過去完成時)Jenny said she had lost a book.
Mum said, 「I』ll go to see a friend.」(一般將來時改成過去將來時)Mum said she would go to see a friend.
過去完成時保留原有的時態
He said, 「We hadn』t finished our homework.」 He said they hadn』t finished their homework.
注意 直接引語是客觀真理,過去進行時,時態不變。
2. 在直接引語變間接引語時,如果從句中的主語時第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾,從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化。如:
Mary said, 「My brother is an engineer.」=Mary said her brother was and engineer.
3. 直接引語如果是反意疑問句,選擇疑問句或一般疑問句,間接引語應改為由whether或if引導的賓語從句。如:
He said, 「Can you run, Mike?」=He asked Mike whether/if he could run.
4. 直接引語如果是祈使句,間接引語應改為「tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.」句型。如:
「Pass me the water, please.」said he.。=He asked him to pass her the water.
5. 直接引語如果是以「Let』s」開頭的祈使句,變為間接引語時,通常用「suggest+動名詞或從句」的結構。如:
She said, 「Let』s go to the cinema.」=She suggested going to the cinema.
或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.
現在進行時表將來的動作
現在進行時表將來的動作,謂語通常為瞬間動詞。如:come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。這些動詞的進行時後不能再接具體的時間。
(1)用現在進行時表示將來,指的是近期的,按計劃或安排要發生的動作。
(2)現在進行時表示將來與表示正在進行的動作的區別在於:前者通常用瞬間動詞(有時一些常用動詞也可以這樣用如:do)如:go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而後者通常是持續性動詞。
He is reading a novel.
他在看小說。
The train is arriving soon.
火車就要進站了。
(3)用現在進行時表示將來的時間,在句中或上下文中通常有表示將來時間的狀語。
(4)現在進行時與一般現在時表示將來動作的區別在於:前者表示的將來的動作往往是可以改變的,而後者則是根據規定或時間表預計要發生的動作或事情,因此往往是不可改變或不可隨便改變的。
What are you doing next Friday?
下星期五你們打算干什麼?
The plane takes off at 7:30 tonight.
飛機今晚七點半起飛。
定語從句 (the Attributive Clause)
1. 描述特定時間的特徵 ---- 由when或介詞+which引導定語從句:
This was the moment when / at which Spielberg』s career really took off.
2. 描述特定地點的特徵 ---- 由where或介詞+which引導定語從句:
Chuck survives the air crash and lands on a deserted island where / on which there are no people.
3. 描述特定原因或理由的內容 ---- 由why或介詞+which引導定語從句:
The reason why / for which Steven Spielberg could not go to the Film Academy was that his grades were too low.
限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別
定語從句分限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句,歸納起來,二者有以下幾點不同:
一、作用不同
限制性定語從句與先行詞的關系非常密切,是先行詞不可缺少的定語,它所修飾的詞代表一個(些)或一類特定的人或物 如果刪去,全句的意思就會變得不明確。而非限制性定語從句在意義上是先行詞的一個附加修飾語,對先行詞只起進一步補充說明的作用;若把它去掉,全句意思仍然清楚。例如:
The girl who stood in the corner just now is my younger sister.
剛才站在角落裡的那個姑娘是我的妹妹。
Mary Smith,who is in the corner, wants to meet you.
瑪麗·史密斯在那個角落裡,她想見你。
第一個例句中的定語從句指明作為主語的「姑娘」不是任何一個,而是在角落的那個。如果去掉定語從句,表達的意思就不明確。第二個例句已經表明主語是誰,定語從句只不過是補充說明一點情況而已。若去掉從句,句子意思仍然完整。
二、形式不同
非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間通常有逗號 而限制性定語從句與先行詞之間則無逗號。例如:
He』s the man who lives next door.
他就是住在隔壁的那個人。(從句不可少,從句前無逗號。)
His wife,whom you met at my house,is a teacher.
他的妻子是一位老師,你在我家曾見過她。(從句可有可無,從句前有逗號。)
三、含義不同
限制性定語從句有涉他性;非限制性定語從句有唯一性。例如:
In the class there are ten students who speak English very well.
這個班上有十名英語說得好的學生。(暗示班上不只是十個學生。)
In the class there are ten students,who speak English very well.
這個班上有十名學生,他們英語說得很好。
(非限制性定語從句,表明班上只有十個學生。)
四、 譯法不同
在把限制性定語從句譯成漢語時,通常在從句的末尾加「的」字,放在它所修飾名詞的前邊。而在把非限制性定語從句譯成漢語時,一般譯成一個單獨的句子。請看下面例句:
The film that we saw yesterday was very interesting.
我們昨天看的電影非常有趣。
Beijing,which is the capital of China,is a very beautiful city.
北京是中國的首都,它是一座非常美麗的城市。
限定性定語從句
1、定義:在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句一般放在先行詞的後面。引導定語從句的詞有關系代詞that, which, who ( 賓格whom,所有格whose)和關系副詞where, when,關系代詞或關系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間,起聯系作用,同時又作定語從句的一個成份。
⑴The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. 住在我的隔壁的人是賣菜的。
在該句中the man 是先行詞,who 是關系代詞,引導定語從句who lives next to us.在定語從句中,who 作主語。
2、由關系代詞who, whom, which, that引導的限定性定語從句。
1)如果先行詞是人,則用關系代詞who/that; 如果先行詞是物,則用關系代詞which/that。
⑵The number of people who/that lost homes reached as many as 250,000.
無家可歸的人多達25萬。
⑶It sounded like a train that was going under my house.
它聽起來就像是在我的房子下行駛的一列火車。
2)關系代詞who, whom, which, that既起聯系作用,引導定語從句,使之同它句中的某個名詞/代詞發生關系,同時又充當定語從句的一個成份。(如作從句中的主語或賓語)。當它們在從句中作賓語時,常可以省略。
⑷The boy(who/whom/that)we saw yesterday was John's brother.
我們昨天見到的那個男孩是約翰的兄弟。
⑸The car (which/that)my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.
我叔叔剛買的那輛汽車在地震上毀壞了。
說明:
關系代詞whom用來指人,是賓格,常用在書面語中作定語從句的賓語。在口語和非正式文體中,常用who/that來代替whom或省略,如例句4。
3)當關系代詞that或which修飾事物,作介詞賓語時,如果介詞位於關系代詞之前,則用which(不能省)而不用that。
⑹The tool with which he is working is called a saw = The tool(that/which)he is working with
is called a saw.他幹活的那個工具叫鋸子(不說…with that…)
⑺The factory in which his father used to work was closed last month = the factory
(that/which) his father used to work in was closed last month.
他父親以前工作過的那家工廠上個月關閉了。
說明:含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開,介詞仍放在動詞的後面。
Is this the watch (which/that)you are looking for?
這是你正在找的那塊手錶嗎?
The babies(whom/that)the nurses are looking after are very healthy.
那些護士正在照顧的寶寶們非常健康。
被動語態
結構:1.行為動詞的被動語態: 助動詞be + 及物動詞的過去分詞.
be有人稱.時態.數的變化,其變化規則與be作為連系動詞時完全一樣.
一般現在時 am/is/are+及物動詞的過去分詞
一般過去時 was/were +及物動詞的過去分詞
一般將來時 will +be +及物動詞的過去分詞
現在完成時 have/has+been+及物動詞的過去分詞
2.情態動詞的被動語態: 情態動詞 + be +及物動詞的過去分詞
否定式:是在助動詞 be 或情態動詞後加not構成
疑問式:是把上述助動詞或情態動詞提到主語之前,句尾加問號構成.
被動語態主要的用法
1)我們不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰(這時 都不帶由by引起的短語)。
The book is written for teachers. 這種書是為教師寫的。
2)動作的承受者是談話的中心(這時可帶有by引起的短語)。
The shop is run by a young man.這家商店是由一個年輕人經營的。
3)出於禮貌措辭等方面的考慮不願說出動作的執行者 是誰。
It is generally considered not advisable to smoke here.一般認為在這兒吸煙是不妥當的。
4)被動結構能使句子得到更好的安排。
Liu Dehua appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.劉德華在台上出現,觀眾給予了熱烈的掌聲。
5)在漢語中被動結構的句子是很多的,有些帶有「被」、 「受」、「由」等詞,譯成英語時較易想到用被動結構。
①他被選為我班班長。He was elected monitor of our class.
但在更多情況下卻不帶這類標記,這種情況值得特別注意。
②運動會什麼時候開? When will the sports meet be held?
注 意
點:1.只有及物動詞能構成被動語態, 不及物動詞不能構成被動語態.
2.某些不及物動詞與介詞.副詞搭配構成短語動詞,帶有賓語時,則有了動作的承受者,這時應把它們看作一個整體,變為被動語態,不能丟掉其中的介詞,常用的有look after,take care of,cut down, laugh at,talk about,turn on等
eg.Catherine always takes care of the little girl.
→The little girl is always taken care of by Carherine.
3.有些動詞短語本身即是被動語態的形式, 不要再加by 短語,常用的有
be covered with be surprised at be interested in be worried about
be made of/from be known to
4.某些動詞形式是主動語態,但含有被動的意思.
eg. This dictionary sells well. This kind of car drives fast. The woolen sweater costs $ 88.
5.主動語態與被動語態的相互變化關系
主動句: 主語 + 謂語 + 賓語
(動作執行者) (動作承受者)
被動句: 主語 +謂語動詞的被動形式+ by + 動作執行者
(動作承受者)

重點片語的太多了 字數超過限制 我發到給你消息上的

Ⅶ 高中英語所有知識點

高中英語知識點總結一、語言知識(名詞、冠詞、數詞、代詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞)1、名詞.概念 名詞是表示人,事物,地點或抽象概念的名稱的詞,有專有名詞和普通名詞之分,還有可數名詞與不可數名詞之分..相關知識點精講.名詞復數的規則變化 情況 構成方法 讀音 例詞 一般情況 加 -s 清輔音後讀/s/ map-maps 濁輔音和母音後讀 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars 以s, sh, ch, x等結尾 加 -es 讀 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches 以ce, se, ze,等結尾 加 -s 讀 /iz/ license-licenses 以輔音字母+y結尾 變y 為i再加es 讀 /z/ baby---babies 2、冠詞 冠詞是一個虛詞,它置於名詞之前,限定名詞的意義.冠詞可分為定冠詞,不定冠詞和零冠詞三類..相關知識點精講.a用於輔音發音開頭的詞前, 如:a book; an用於母音發音開頭的詞前,如:an apple, an hour. 請區別:a usefulmachine, an umbrella, a 「u」, an 「h」。.指上文提到過的人或物,用定冠詞the。 .在世界上獨一無二的事物前用定冠詞the. 如:the sun,the moon, the earth。 .the用於序數詞,表方位的名詞和形容詞最高級前。the first, the best , in the south。 .在復數姓氏前加the,表示××一家人,常看成復數。如:the Browns。.在介詞短語中常用定冠詞the,如:in the box,behind the chair。.不能用定冠詞the的幾個方面: (1)在節日、星期、月份、季節、年等詞前不用冠詞。如:in summer, inAugust 請區別:in the spring of 1945. (這里表示特指,故加the)(2)一日三餐和球類運動名不用冠詞。如:have breakfast ,playfootball 一些固定片語中,如:goto bed ,go to school, by bus ,at night..在有些片語中,有冠詞和無冠詞意思不同,請注意區別: in front of 在…前面, in the front of 在…范圍內的前部 in hospital (生病)住院, in the hospital 在醫院里。3、數詞4、代詞(人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、關系代詞) 代詞是代替名詞的詞, 按其意義、特徵及其在句中的作用分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞和關系代詞等。人稱代詞
2)人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語,賓格作賓語。如:
I liketable tennis. (作主語) Do you know him?(作賓語)3)人稱代詞還可作表語。作表語時用賓格。如:---Whos is knockingat the door?---It』s me. 物主代詞
1)表示所有關系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞,如下表所示。 2)形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當於形容詞,可在句中作定語。例如:
Ourteacher is coming to see us. Thisis her pencil-box.
3)名詞性物主代詞的作用相當於名詞,在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主語)
I've already finished my homework. Have you finishedyours? (作賓語)
指示代詞
指示代詞包括:this,that,these,those。 1) this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人,that和those則指時間和空間上較遠的事物或人,例如:This is a pen and that is apencil.
反身代詞
英語中用來表示"我自己","你自己","他自己","我們自己","你們自己"等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞,也有人稱之為自身代名詞,其形式如表所示。
反身代詞可以在句中作賓語,表語,同位語。 1)作賓語,表示動作的承受者就是動作的發出者,主語和賓語指同一個人或一些人。 He called himself a writer.
2)作表語。 The girl in the news is myself.
3)作主語或賓語的同位語,表示親自或本人。
I myselfwashed the clothes.(=I washed the clothes myself.)(作主語同位語)
You should ask the teacher himself.(作賓語同位語)
不定代詞
不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞,在句中可作主語、表、賓語和定語。1)some與any的區別①some多用於肯定句,表示「一些,幾個」作形容詞時,後面可以接①不可數名詞+單數動詞;②可數名詞+復數動詞。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. . Some rice in thebag has been sold out. ②any多用於疑問句、條件句和否定句中,表示「一些,任何」用作形容詞時,後面可以接①不可數名詞+單數動詞;②可數名詞+復數動詞。 If you have any questions, please ask me. Thereisn't any orange in the bottle. 2) few, a few, little, alittle在用法上的區別①用作形容詞: 含義 用法 表示肯定 表示否定 用於可數名詞 a few雖少,但有幾個 few不多,幾乎沒有 用於不可數名詞 a little,雖少,但有一點 little不多,沒有什麼 I'm going to buy a fewapples. He can speak only alittle Chinese. He has few friends.3)other, the other, another, others, the others的區別。 用 法 代名詞 形容詞 單數 復數 單數 復數 不定 another 另一個 others 別人,其他人 another (boy) 另一個(男孩) other (boys) 其他男孩 特定 the other 另一個 the others 其餘那些人、物 the other (boy) 另一個男孩 the other (boys) 其餘那些男孩 4)every與each的區別。 each every 1)可單獨使用 1)不可單獨使用 2)可做代名詞、形容詞 2)僅作形容詞 3)著重「個別」 3)著重「全體」,毫無例外 4)用於兩者或兩者以上中的每一個人或物 4)用於三者或三者以上每一個人或物 The teacher gave a toyto each child. Each ball has a different colour. Every student loves theEnglish teacher. = All students love the English teacher.5)all和both的用法。①all指三者以上,或不可數的東西。謂語動詞既可以用單數,也可以用作復數。在句中作主語、表語、賓語、同位語和定語。 All of us like Mr Pope.我們都喜歡Pope先生。(作主語) = We all like Mr Pope.(作同位語) All the water has beenused up. (作主語) That's all for today. (作表語) Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作賓語)Lucy andLily both agree with us. Both of the books arevery interesting.相互代詞 表示相互關系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other 和one another兩種形 式。在當代英語中,each other和one another沒有什麼區別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語,定語。作定語用時,相互代詞用所有格形式。 Weshould learn from each other / one another. (作賓語) 疑問代詞
疑問代詞有who,whom,whose,what和which等。疑問代詞用於特殊疑問句中,一般都放在句首,並在句子中作為某一句子成分。例如:Who is going to come here tomorrow? (作主語) What is that? (作表語)Whose umbrella is this? (作定語) Whom are you waiting for? (作賓語)關系代詞關系代詞是一種引導從句並起連接主句和從句作用的代詞。關系代詞有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它們在句中可用作主語,表語,賓語,定語. 在主句中,它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞。例如:I hate people who talk much but do little.I』m looking at the photograph which you sent me with yourletter.5、動詞 (動詞的時態與語態、情態動詞、非謂語動詞【分詞{現在、過去}、動名詞】)系動詞、助動詞、動詞辨析) 分詞 分詞分為現在分詞和過去分詞兩種,是一種非謂語動詞形式.相關知識點精講:1.現在分詞的用法: 1) 做表語: Thatbook was rather boring. 很多動詞的現在分詞都可以作表語: exciting,interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling. 2) 作定語:That musthave been a terrifying experience. I found him a charming person. 現在分詞短語還可以放在名詞的後面修飾名詞, 相當於一個定語從句: There are a few boysswimming in the river.There is a car waiting outside. 3) 作狀語:現在分詞短語可以表示一個同時發生的次要的或伴隨的動作: Following Tom, westarted to climb the mountain Opening the drawer, he took out a box. 現在分詞短語還可以表示原因,相當於一個原因狀語從句: Not knowing heraddress, we couldn』t get in touch with her. 現在分詞短語還可以表示時間,相當於一個時間狀語從句: Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy. Jim hurt hisarm while playing tennis. Be careful whencrossing the road. 4)作賓補: 現在分詞在一些動詞之後可以做賓語的補語: 例如, see,hear, catch, find, keep , have 等. I see himpassing my house every day. Ismelt something burning. She kept himworking all day.2.過去分詞的用法: 1) 作表語: She felt confused, andeven frightened. I』m satisfied with your answer. He is not interested inresearch. 2) 作定語:Theteacher gave us a satisfied smile. cooked food a written report fried eggs boiled water fallen leaves What』s the language spoken in thatcountry? 3)作狀語:Seen fromthe hill, the city looks magnificent. They came in, followed by some children. 4)作賓補: 過去分詞也同樣可以作賓語的補語, 接在某些動詞後面 I will have theclothes washed tomorrow. When they get back home, they found the room robbed. 動名詞動名詞由動詞原形+ING構成,是一種非謂語動詞形式 相關知識點精講:1.作主語。例如:Fightingbroke out between the South and the North. 南方與北方開戰了。2.作賓語有些動詞可以用動名詞作賓語。例如: admit 承認 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 complete完成 consider認為 delay 耽誤 finish 完成 imagine 想像 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone推遲 例如:Would youmind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音機音量調小一點,好嗎b. 有些結構後面可以用動名詞作賓語或其他成分。例如: burst out keep on insist on count on set about put off be good at take up give up be successful 3.作表語,對主語說明、解釋。例如:Her job is washing,cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清掃和照顧孩子。比較:She iswashing, cleaning and taking care of the children.4.作定語,一般表示所修飾名詞事物的用途。例如:a writing desk 寫字台 a swimming pool游泳池

Ⅷ 英語名詞知識點歸納有哪些

英語名詞知識點歸納有:

1、專有名詞是某個(些)人,地方,機構等專有的名稱,如Beijing,China等。

2、普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞,如:book,sadness等。

3、集體名詞表示若干個個體組成的集合體,如:family。

4、物質名詞表示無法分為個體的實物,如:air。

5、抽象名詞表示動作、狀態、品質、感情等抽象概念,如:work。

6、從可數和不可數來看,個體名詞可以用數目來計算,稱為可數名詞(Countable Nouns)。物質名詞、抽象名詞和專有名詞無法用數目來計算,稱為不可數名詞(Uncountable Nouns)。

Ⅸ 關於英語名詞的知識點(簡單、基礎,求助!!!)

表示動作:design fear help luck sleep
fruit可數:果實,成果;不可數:水果
food可數:(精神)食糧,材料,資料[U] ;食物[U]
fish可數:魚; 不可數:魚肉
drink 可數:飲料; 不可數:酒
cloth可數:(作某種特殊用途的,常用於復合詞)布塊;桌巾;餐巾[C];不可數:布

Ⅹ 高一英語知識點及語法

(一)直接引述別人的原話,叫做直接引語;用自己話轉述別人的話,叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內,間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時,除將引語部分變成賓語從句外,還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時態、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等進行改變。

1. 時態的變化:直接引語變為間接引語時,通常受轉述動詞said, asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態,即把原來的時態向過去推,也就是一般現在時變為一般過去時,現在進行時變為過去進行時,等等。例如:
Tom said to me,「My brother is doing his homework.」
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.

2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等等的變化: 根據意義進行相應的變化,例如:
She asked Jack,「Where have you been?」
→She asked Jack where he had been.

He said,「These books are mine.」
→He said that those books were his.

(二)直接引語改為間接引語時,都使用陳述語序,但是因為原句的句式不同,所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同。直接引語如果是一般疑問句,用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句,則用疑問詞引導間接引語。轉述的動詞一般用asked,可以在其後加上一個間接賓語me, him, her, us等。如:
She said,「Is your father at home?」
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.

「What do you do every Sunday?」My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.

直接引語如果是祈使句,改為間接引語時,要將祈使句的動詞原形變為帶to的不定式,並在不定式的前面根據原句的語氣(即請求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動詞,如果祈使句為否定式,則在不定式前加not。其句型為:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如:
She said to us,「Please sit down.」
→She asked us to sit down.

He said to him,「Go away!」
→He ordered him to go away.

He said, 「Don』t make so much noise, boys.」
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.

二. 各種時態的被動語態
被動語態概述
被動語態的概念:它是動詞的一種形式,表示主語與謂語之間的執行或被執行關系。主動語態表示主語是謂語動作的執行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被動語態表示主語是謂語動作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river.

被動語態的構成
被動語態的形式是由「助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數、時態等的不同而變化。幾種常見時態的被動語態形式如下:
1. 一般現在時 am/is/are + 過去分詞
例如:Rice is planted in the south of China.

2. 一般過去時 was/were + 過去分詞
例如:These trees were planted the year before last.

3. 一般將來時 will/shall + be + 過去分詞
例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.

4. 現在進行時 am/is/are + being + 過去分詞
例如:Your radio is being repaired now.

5. 過去進行時 was/were + being + 過去分詞
When he got there, the problem was being discussed.

6. 現在完成時 have/has + been + 過去分詞
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn』t.

7. 過去完成時 had + been + 過去分詞
注意:
1.除了be之外的其它系動詞如get, stay等也可以和過去分詞構成被動語態。例如:Their questions haven』t got answered.

2. 含有情態動詞的謂語變成被動語態使用「情態動詞+ be + 過去分詞」結構。例如:
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can』t be done until Mr. Black comes.

3. 含有「be going to」, 「be to」等結構的謂語,其被動語態分別用「be going to + be + 過去分詞」和「be to + be + 過去分詞」。例如:
The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.

4. 被動語態與系表結構的區別:「連系動詞+用作表語的過去分詞」構成的系表結構,與被動語態的形式完全一樣,所以應注意它們的區別。被動語態中的過去分詞是動詞,多強調動作;系表結構中的過去分詞相當於形容詞,多強調狀態。前者通常可用by 引出動作的執行者,而後者則不可以。例如:
The map was changed by someone.(被動結構)
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結構)
系表結構中的過去分詞通常可被very修飾,被動語態中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。
例如:
He was very excited.(系表結構)
He was much excited by her words.(被動結構)

5. 主動形式表被動意義。有些動詞的主動形式有被動意味,如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時句子的主語一般是物。例如:
These books sell well. 這些書很暢銷。
The door won』t shut. 這門關不上。
The clothes wash well. 這些衣服很好洗。