『壹』 初三英語短語and語法歸納
句子成分：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補足語和狀語
1、主語：
(1)由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞用主格)、動詞不定式、動名詞等充當,說明動作是「誰」發出的，主語是句子陳述的對象，說明是誰或什麼，表示句子說的是「什麼人」，或」什麼事「，如「我寫字」中的「我」，做出寫字這個動作。「寫」則是謂語，「字」是賓語，是接受謂語「寫」這個動作的對象，因此是賓語。如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (畫家畫了一幅漂亮的畫。) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他們勇敢地與非典搏鬥。) / To see is to believe. (耳聽為虛眼見為實). / Helping animals is to help people. (幫助動物就是幫助人類。)
(2)動詞不定式或動名詞做主語時可用it代替,而不定式或動名詞移至表語或賓語之後。如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat ring the long journey. (在長途旅行中能有個甲等座位簡直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多對你的身體不利。)（比較好看，避免頭重腳輕）
(3)口語中常見主語或「主--系」省略：(It is) nothing. ((那)沒有什麼。)/ (It) doesn』t matter. ((那)沒有關系。) / (I) thank you. ((我)謝謝你。)
(4)反意問句的附加問句,主語必須是代詞：The man looks worried, doesn』t he? (這個人看上去很著急不是嗎？) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren』t they? (老虎是危險的動物不是嗎？)
(5)祈使句一般省略主語。加主語時往往用來指定某個人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子們請保持鍵盤的清潔。) (省略了主語) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去給我弄一杯水來。)
(6)主語一般在句首,但在問句中會處於第二位和句尾；倒裝句及there be句型主語在動詞之後。如：Computers are made in this factory. (計算機生產於這家工廠。) / Where are they? (他們在哪兒？) / Does the boy like staying home? (這個男孩喜歡呆在家裡嗎？)
(7)主語與謂語必須保持單、復數的一致, 而謂語與表語或賓語之間沒有這一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都沒有通過考試。) / The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people. (中華民族是一個勤勞勇敢的民族。)
(8)主語可以由從句充當,詳見「主語從句」。
2、謂語：是對主語動作或狀態的陳述或說明，指出「做什麼」，「是什麼」或「怎麼樣」，在主語後接賓語，又稱受詞，是一個動作的接受者。
(1)由「不及物動詞」、「及物動詞 賓語」或「系動詞 表語」等構成,說明主語所表示的人物「干什麼」或「怎麼樣」。如：
He travelled in space for the first time .(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English this year?(今年誰教你們的英語？) / The pizza has gone bad. (那塊烤餡餅已經變壞。) /
(2)謂語動詞必須反映出人稱、單復數、時態等信息,謂語動詞往往由下列詞語依序排列構成：［情態動詞］ ［時態助動詞］（現在完成時） ［語態助動詞］（如被動語態） ［主要動詞］(不一定全部出現)。(見動詞的時態和語態構成表)記住：謂語部分第一個動詞往往是變形動詞。如：
I am sorry I am making so much noise but I have to. (對不起我發出了太大的聲音但是只能這樣。) / He can』t have finished reading the 800-page-long novel. (他不可能讀完了那本長達800頁的小說。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (該採取措施防止禽流感蔓延。)
(3)謂語動詞切忌用「行為動詞1 原形動詞」、「be 原形動詞」。
記住使用下列正確形式：
①情態動詞 原形動詞。如：You』d better go over the lesson.（你最好復習這一課。）
②shall/ will/ would 原形動詞。如：They should have been there once.（他們應該去過那兒。）
③be 現在分詞或者過去分詞。如：What are you doing this evening?（今晚你打算做什麼？）---表示一般將來時/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（自從20世紀70年代大批樹木被砍伐。）
④have 過去分詞。如：Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（意思同上）
⑤一般時問句和否定句中：do/does/did 原形動詞。如：He does not enjoy himself very much.（他日子過的不好。）/ Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?（你們當中有誰見過恐龍蛋嗎？）
⑥行為動詞1 行為動詞2 (不定式、動名詞、現在分詞、過去分詞等形式)。如：He made up his mind to be a vet.（他拿定主意要做個獸醫。）/ Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life.（自尊自愛是享受生活的根本。）/ They wake up the other family members, calling,「Merry Christmas!」（他們叫醒家庭的其他成員,呼喊著：聖誕快樂！）/ The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves.（古代的埃及國王讓人給他們自己修建堅固的墳墓。）
(4)不可用形容詞、名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語等獨立作謂語,必須在此之前加連系動詞。
(5)謂語動詞單復數形式：單數形式的動詞有：is,was,has,does以及「動詞 s」；復數形式的動詞有：are,were,have以及動詞原形。其他動詞不分單、復數。
謂語部分第一個動詞的形式 單數形式 復數形式
一般現在時be(是)動詞；
現在某些時態和語態的助動詞be am (單一); are (單二); is (單三); are
一般過去時be(是)動詞；
過去某些時態和語態的助動詞be was (單一); were (單二); was;(單三) were
一般現在時have(有)動詞；
現在完成時態的助動詞have have (單一); have (單二); has (單三); have
一般現在時行為動詞和助動詞do do (單一、單二); does (單三) do
實意動詞和連系動詞的一般現在時動詞（否定和疑問句除外） 原形動詞(單一、單二); 動詞 s /es (單三) 原形動詞
其他各時態語態的謂語動詞 單復數形式相同
記住：主語、謂語單復數必須保持一致。（參見「4、名詞或代詞作主語時和謂語之間的單復數的一致問題：」） Air and water is necessary to us all.(空氣和水對於我們大家是必不可少的。)
(6)一般問句和反意問句的回答不使用行為動詞,應該使用「是」動詞、情態動詞、助動詞(be,will,have,do以及變形)。如：The Olympic Games is held every other year, isn』t it? ----Yes, it is.(奧運會每兩年舉辦一次,是嗎？----是的。)
3、賓語：又稱受詞，是指一個動作（動詞）的接受者。賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語兩大類，其中直接賓語（經常指被做的人）指動作的直接對象，間接賓語說明動作的非直接，但受動作影響的對象。一般而言，及物動詞後面最少要有一個賓語，而該賓語通常為直接賓語，有些及物動詞要求兩個賓語，則這兩個賓語通常一個為直接賓語，另一個為間接賓語。
(1) 由名詞、代詞(人稱代詞要用賓格)、不定式、動名詞、(賓語)從句充當,表示動作的承受者是「誰」或者是「何物」。如： The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那個天使同樣來到約瑟夫面前並且告訴他同樣的事情。)(代詞和名詞充當兩個賓語) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告訴我說公司付不起他那麼多的錢。) (不定式作賓語) / They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons. (他們如此喜愛看足球以至於常常忘記了他們的功課。) (動名詞作賓語) / I think to be a children』s doctor is very rewarding.(我認為當個兒童醫生是很值得的。) (從句作賓語)
(2) 只有及物動詞或介詞才有賓語,不及物動詞沒有賓語,如果涉及到事物,則必須在不及物動詞後面加合適的介詞。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物動詞,故加to。) / Can you hear anything exciting?(你能聽到什麼令人興奮的消息嗎？)
(3) 賓語一般放在及物動詞或介詞的後面,但是在疑問句中,如果賓語是疑問詞,則賓語要放在句首。介詞的賓語如果是疑問詞,則可以放在介詞後或句首。如：What did he see? (他看見了什麼？) / What does he write a letter with? (他用什麼寫的信？) / With what does he write a letter? (他用什麼寫的信？)
(4)「動詞 副詞 賓語」結構中,如果賓語是代詞,則代詞必須放在「動」「副」之間。如：Please put the shoes away. (請把鞋子收起來。) / Please put away the shoes. (請把鞋子收起來。) / Please put them away. (請把它們收起來。)
(5) 動詞後面跟雙賓語時可以採用兩種結構：
①動詞 間接賓語(人) 直接賓語(物)。如：He often gives me some help. (他常常幫我。)
②動詞 直接賓語 介詞 間接賓語。注意,一般情況介詞用to,但動詞是make, buy, borrow時,介詞用for.如： Please make me a kite. (請給我做個風箏。)或Please make a kite for me.
(6) 在「動詞 賓語 賓補」結構中,如果賓語是不定式、動名詞、賓語從句,則常用it做形式賓語,而將實際的賓語移到補語後面去。如：I found the job rather difficult. (我發覺這個工作相當難做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job.
(7) 賓語可以由從句充當,詳見「賓語從句」。
4、表語：
(1) 說明主語的身份、性質、狀況等含義的成分,通常由形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞、代詞等充當。如：He became a doctor after he left high school.(高中畢業他當上了醫生。) / The rubber wheels are over there.(橡膠輪子在那邊。) / He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何東西因為他得了重感冒。) / Who is it?(誰呀？)
(2) 表語只能放在連系動詞(如：be,look,become,turn get,grow,feel,seem) 之後,對表語進行提問的句子除外。
(3) 代詞做表語一般用主格,口語中常用賓。如：It』s I. (It』s me.)是我。
(4) 只能作表語的形容詞有：sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(他很為他的粗心而歉疚。) / Please make no noise here; the baby is asleep.(請不要發出響動,嬰兒正熟睡呢。) / I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是對獨坐孤舟無所事事感興趣。) / I am not alone in thinking so.(並非只有我才這樣想的。)
(5) 表語也可以由從句充當,詳見「表語從句」。
5、定語：
(1) 修飾名詞或代詞的成分,常由形容詞、名詞(含所有格)、代詞(物主、指示、疑問、不定)、介詞短語、不定式(短語)充當,在初三階段還學習了定語從句做定語的知識。如：Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上層的抽屜里。) / France and Switzerland are European countries. (法國和瑞士是歐洲國家。) / His mother and father are both college teachers.(他的父母都是大學教師。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life.(這是我一輩子難忘的日子。)
(2) 單詞做定語時一般放在被修飾的名詞前面,而且有一定的次序：
冠詞/
物代 年齡/形狀/
大小/溫度 色彩 來源 質地/
材料 目的/
用途 被修飾的名詞(中心詞)
a
the
my
his
… old,young,… red,
yellow,
blue,
… Chinese,
English,
American,
… wooden,
woolen,
glass,
silk,
paper
… meeting,
tennis,
sports,
reading,
swimming,
… box,
shoes,
room,
pig
…
long,short,
round, square…
big, large,
small, little…
hot, cold,
warm, cool…
(3) 時間副詞(now,then,today,yesterday,...)、地點副詞(here,there,back,in,out,home,...作定語時放在被修飾的名詞後面。如：I could not find my way out, so I stayed there all along. (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那兒。)
(4) 介詞短語修飾名詞時只能放在名詞的後面：The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday. (籠子里的猴子是昨天逮著的。)
(5) 形容詞修飾復合不定代詞時,往往後置。如：He remembered everything unusual. (他記得所有不尋常的事情。)
(6) 定語還可以用從句充當,詳見 定語從句。
(7) 注意：由於定語屬於修飾性的成分,因此它常歸入主語、賓語、表語之中,不作為句子的主要成分。
6、狀語：
(1) 說明動作「何時」、「何地」、「如何」發生,或者說明形容詞或副詞的程度,一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式、狀語從句等充當。如：I was not born yesterday.（我又不是昨天才出世的娃娃。）/ For many of these families a college ecation was something new.（對其中的許多家庭來說,大學教育是件新事物。）/ He woke up to find his house on fire.(他醒來發現房子著火了。) / You cannot leave until your work is finished.(在你的工作被完成以前你不能離開)
(2) 副詞作狀語位置較為靈活,詳見《六
『貳』 初中英語連詞知識點
1、 並列連詞and和or：
①and 和or 是用得最多的並列連詞，可以連接：
a. 兩個並列的動詞： We were singing and dancing all evening. 整個晚上我們都在唱歌跳舞。
b. 名詞、形容詞等：This apple is big and red. Would you like fish or beef?
c. 兩個並列的分句（句子）：I said it and I meant it. 我說話算數。
②and 可連接兩個分句，表示遞進關系。 Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他會得寸進尺。
③or可連接分句，表示"否則"：
Don't drive so fast or you'll have an accident. 別開這么快，不然你會出車禍。
2、 表示意思轉折的連詞：but, yet:
①but和yet的用法：
The weather will be sunny but cold. 天氣會晴朗但很冷。
It is strange, yet true. 這很奇怪，卻是真的。
②however, still 等為副詞，但可起連接作用，表示意思的轉折---"但是"或"然而"。
a. however: His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind.
他的第一反應是不行，但後來他改變了主意。
b. still: It's raining; still I'd like to go. 天在下雨，但我還是要去。
③片語all the same: She is naughty, all the same we have to laugh at her jokes.
她很調皮，但對她的惡作劇我們還是要發笑。
3、表示因果的連詞：
① for可以表示"因為"，但引導的不是從句，而是並列分句，對前面情況加以解釋，常用逗號把它和前面的分句分開，這在書面語中比較多見。
The days were short, for it was now December. 白天很短，因為現在已經是十二月。
She must have gone out early, for she had not come for breakfast.
她肯定一早出去了，因為她沒來吃早飯。
② so 表示結果，可譯為"因此"、"所以"。
Our cases were heavy, so we took a taxi. 我們的箱子很重，因此我們坐了計程車
③ therefore 為副詞，也表示同樣的意思---"因此"，可放句前：
He had gone; she therefore gave the money to me.他走了，於是她把錢給了我。
4、both... and 的用法
A man should have both courage and perseverance.一個人既要有勇氣又要有毅力。
5、就近原則：
1）neither…nor… Neither Lucy nor Lily is a League member.
2）not only…but also… Not only you but also he likes football.
3）either…or… Either Jim or Peter is right.
4）not…but… Not Jim but Peter broke the cup.
6、as well as的用法:
I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays. 我讀過他的一本小說和幾個劇本。
『叄』 介詞和連詞的區別 初三英語知識點匯總 2
Swim, let nature cleanse your heart; read, let the words warmyour stillness; keep a raise
『肆』 九年級英語知識點有哪些
九年級英語知識點有：
1、 if 引導的非真實性條件狀語從句，即：虛擬語氣，通過動詞形式的變化來表示說話人對發生的動作或存在的狀態。所持的態度或看法的動詞形式稱為語氣，虛擬語氣表示說話人所說的話不是事實，而是一種祝願，建議或是與事實相反的假設等。
2、If 引導的條件狀語從句分為真實和非真實條件句，非真實條件句應用虛擬語氣。如果要表示與現在或將來事實相反時，其虛擬語氣結構為：即：(從句)if +主語+動詞過去式(be 動詞用were)，一般過去時，(主句) 主語+would+動詞原形，過去將來時。
3、pretend to do sth. 假裝做某事。
4、be late for 遲到，如：I am late for work/ school/ class/ party。
5、a few 與 a little 的區別，a few 一些，修飾可數名詞，a little 一些，修飾不可數名詞兩者表肯定意義，如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。
6、few 少數的，修飾可數名詞few 與 little 的區別，little 少數的，修飾不可數名詞，兩者表否定意義，如：He has few friends. 他沒有幾個朋友。There is little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里沒有多少糖。
7、hundred, thousand , million, billion (十億)詞前面有數詞或several一詞時要不能加s ，反之，則要加s 並與of 連用，表示數量很多。如：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people 幾百/千/百萬/十億人，hundreds of trees 上百棵樹。
8、what if + 從句 如果…怎麼辦，要是… 又怎麼樣，如：What if she doesn』t come? 要是她不來怎麼辦?What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎麼辦?
9、 add sth. to sth. 添加…到…如：I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水裡。
『伍』 英語連詞學習中的五大注意要點
連詞解釋
一.because, for, since, as, 的區別
because語氣強,表示客觀必然原因：
He is absent, because he is ill. 因為生病，所以他沒來。
比較:He is absent, for he is busy. （「生病」是「缺席」的必然原因，「忙」不是必然原因。）
for 語氣輕,表示非客觀必然的原因,是主觀可改變結果的原因,甚至是猜測可能的原因:
He must be ill, for he is absent. 「缺席」不一定是「生病」，只是交流猜測。
for 不能放句首,它是並列連詞.
since, as 都是不講自明的原因,是已知的原因.
Since I am a boy, let me carry the case.
As you don」t feel well, you had better stay at home.
1.我不進去了,因為我爸爸在裡面. I won」t go in .for my father is there.
2.昨晚一定是下雨了,因為地很濕. It must have rained last night, for the ground is web.
3.地是濕的,因為昨晚下雨了. The ground is wet, because it rained last night.
4.因為不高興,他不想出去了. He didn」t wanted to go out, for he was unhappy.
5.既然你工作忙，你就不必跟我們一道去了。 Since/As you are busy, you had better not go with us.
6.他付給我比別人少的錢,因為我是個女的. He paid me less than the others, for I」m female.
7.他付給我比別人少的錢,僅僅因為我是個女的. He paid me less than the others, only because I」m female.
8.既然大家都在這,我們開始開會吧. Since everybody is here, let」s begin our meeting.
二.when, while, as引導時間狀語時的異同.
when,表示時間點,時間段都可以.如狀語是短暫動作時,多用when,是時間段時則三個連詞都可以.
When/While/As I was walking in the street, I met a friend of mine.
只能用when 的句型:
1.放句中,主句是進行時,從句是短暫動作,表示這時突然
I was reading in the room, when a girl shouted for help.我正在房間看書，這時突然聽到有一個女孩喊救命！
2.從句是短暫動作:When I got up, I heard the bell ring. 當我起床的時候，我聽見鈴響了。
只能用while的句型:
1.表示對立予盾的對比，這時while相當於but。
I am poor while you are rich.我很窮，你卻很富有。
Tom is strong, while John is weak. 湯姆很強壯，而約翰很瘦弱。
2.表示「趁著還來得及的時候,趕快....
趁熱打鐵.Strike while it is hot.
趁著老師還在教室,你趕快去問他吧. You should go to ask the teacher while he is still in.
只能用as的句型:
1.一邊....一邊...穩定的動作當從句,不穩定的動作當主句
他一邊洗澡一邊吹口哨. He whistled as he had a bath.
我一邊看書一邊聽音樂. I listened to music as I read.
2.正如....所知道,預料的一樣.... as 在此是關系代詞,不能用which代替.
正如眾所周知的一樣,地球是圓的. As everybody can see, the earth is round.
正如我們預料的那樣，他失敗了。He failed as we had expected.
正如我們所預料的一樣,中國足球隊贏了印尼. As we had expected, Chinese Football Team beaten Indian
3.隨著時間的發展,某事變得......
As thirty years passed by, my mother」s hair became gray. 三十年過去了，媽媽的頭發成了銀色。
As modern instry develops, more and more waste proces. 隨著現代工業的發展，垃圾製造得越來越多。
三.as 與like的區別
1.表示象...一樣時,as接從句,like 接短語
Do everything as I do. 象我一樣做。
He is/looks like his mother. 他長得像他媽媽。
2.as當介詞接短語時,表示作為...不是象...一樣的意思.like 當動詞時,是喜歡的意思,不要搞混為象...
We should study as Lenin studied. 我們應該像列寧那樣學習。
As a League Member, I should take everything in the lead. 作為一名團員，我應該起帶頭作用。
三.until,
I」ll not go until the bell rings.
unless 條件I」ll not go unless you go.除非你走我才走。
肯定句延續I waited until he came 我一直等到他來。
He lived here until he was 90. 在90歲之前他一直住在這。
I didn」t leave until he came.直到他來我才走。
短暫not until,
I won」t stay with you unless you drive the dog out.除非你把狗趕跑，否則我不會和你呆在一起。
四.and, but, however, yet,
順趨勢自然而然發展He studied hard and became a college student.
逆趨勢轉折He studied hard, but failed in the exam.
中間有逗號，語氣輕用however He studied hard, however, he failed in the exam.
不能用but He studied hard, yet he failed in the exam.
Although he studied hard, yet he failed in the exam.（yet可以與although，though連用，but不能。
五.就近原則，對稱原則，附加不理原則
謂語動詞就最近距離主語原則：
Either he or his parents (is, are) wrong.
Either you or he (is, are) wrong.
(Is, Are) you or he wrong?
連詞後成分對稱原則：
Both ....and, neither....nor, not only.....but also.......
She can (either sing, sing either)English songs or Chinese songs.
She can (either sing, sing either)English songs or dance well.
with後名詞附加不影響謂語原則
He as well as his wife and daughters (like, likes) music very much.
He with his sons (get, gets )up early every day.
I but you (are, am)wrong.
『陸』 新目標英語九年級全冊短語、句型。
新目標九年級英語知識點匯總
九年級英語Unit1
1. by + doing 通過……方式 如：by studying with a group
by 還可以表示：「在…旁」、「靠近」、「在…期間」、「用、」
「經過」、「乘車」等
如：I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o』clock.
The thief entered the room by the window.
The student went to park by bus.
2. talk about 談論，議論，討論 如：The students often talk about movie after class. 學生們常常在課後討論電影。
talk to sb. === talk with sb. 與某人說話
3. 提建議的句子：
①What/ how about +doing sth.?
如：What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don』t you + do sth.? 如：Why don』t you go shopping?
③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping?
④Let』s + do sth. 如： Let』s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?
4. a lot 許多 常用於句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了許多。
5. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth.
如：I』m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什麼都不想說。
6. aloud, loud與loudly的用法
三個詞都與"大聲"或"響亮"有關。
①aloud是副詞,重點在出聲能讓人聽見,但聲音不一定很大,
常用在讀書或說話上。通常放在動詞之後。aloud沒有比較級
形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.
他朗讀那篇故事給他兒子聽。
②loud可作形容詞或副詞。用作副詞時,常與speak, talk,
laugh等動詞連用,多用於比較級,須放在動詞之後。如:
She told us to speak a little louder. 她讓我們說大聲一點。
③loudly是副詞,與loud同義,有時兩者可替換使用,但往往
含有令人討厭或打擾別人的意思,可位於動詞之前或之後。如:
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不當眾大聲談笑。
7. not …at all 一點也不 根本不 如：
I like milk very much. I don』t like coffee at all. 我非常喜歡牛奶。我一點也不喜歡咖啡。
not經常可以和助動詞結合在一起，at all 則放在句尾
8. be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth.
=== be excited to do sth. 對…感興奮 如：
I am / get excited about going to Beijing.===
I am excited to go to Beijing. 我對去北京感到興奮。
9. ① end up doing sth 終止做某事，結束做某事 如：
The party ended up singing. 晚會以唱歌而結束。
② end up with sth. 以…結束 如：
The party ended up with her singing. 晚會以她的歌唱而告終。
10. first of all 首先
. to begin with 一開始
later on 後來、隨
11. also 也、而且（用於肯定句）常在句子的中間
either 也（用於否定句）常在句末
too 也 (用於肯定句) 常在句末
12. make mistakes 犯錯 如：I often make mistakes. 我經常犯錯。
make a mistake 犯一個錯誤 如： I have made a mistake.
我已經犯了一個錯誤。
13. laugh at sb. 笑話；取笑（某人） 如：Don』t laugh at me!
不要取笑我!
14. take notes 做筆記，做記錄
15. enjoy doing sth . 喜歡做…樂意做… 如：
She enjoys playing football. 她喜歡踢足球。
enjoy oneself 過得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他過得愉快。
16. native speaker 說本族語的人
17. make up 組成、構成
18. one of +(the+ 形容詞比較級)+名詞復數形式 …其中之一
如： She is one of the most popular teachers.
她是最受歡迎的教師之一。
19. It』s +形容詞+(for sb. ) to do sth. (對於某人來說)做某事…
如：It』s difficult (for me ) to study English.
對於我來說學習英語太難了。
句中的it 是形式主語，真正的主語是to study English
20. practice doing 練習做某事 如：
She often practice speaking English. 她經常練習說英語。
21. decide to do sth. 決定做某事 如：
LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已經決定去北京。
22. unless 假如不，除非 引導條件狀語從句
如：You will fail unless you work hard..假如你不努力你會失敗。
I won』t write unless he writes first. 除非他先寫要不我不寫
23. deal with 處理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.
24. worry about sb./ sth. 擔心某人/ 某事
如：Mother worried about his son just now.
媽媽剛才擔心他的兒子。
25. be angry with sb. 對某人生氣 如：
I was angry with her. 我對她生氣。
26. perhaps === maybe 也許
27. go by (時間) 過去 如： Two years went by. 兩年過去了。
28. see sb. / sth. doing 看見某人正在做某事 強調正在發生
see sb. / sth. do 看見某人在做某事 如：
如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.
她看見他正在教室里畫畫。
29. each other 彼此
30. regard… as … 把…看作為…. 如：
The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 這些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
31. too many 許多 修飾可數名詞 如：too many girls
too much 許多 修飾不可數名詞 如：too much milk
much too 太 修飾形容詞 如：much too beautiful
32. change… into… 將…變為…
如：The magician changed the pen into a book.
這個魔術師將這本書變為一本書。
33. with the help of sb. == with one』s help 在某人的幫助下
如：with the help of LiLei == with LiLei』s help
在李雷的幫助下
34. compare … to … 把…與…相比
如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.
你和安娜相比，你是幸運的。
35. instead 代替 用在句末，副詞（字面上常不譯出來）
instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替，而不是 用在句中，動詞
如：Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I』m going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我將要去上海。
I will go instead of you. 我將代替你去。
He stayed at home instead of going swimming.
他呆在家裡而不是去游泳。
『柒』 英語常用的連接詞有哪些
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『捌』 英語中主要有哪些連接詞
1．表示舉例的關聯詞
for example that is, in the following manner, namely
in this case as an illustration to illustrate in the same manner
2．表示遞進關系的關聯詞
above all finally of major concern
a second factor finer of minor concern
better finest to begin with
best furthermore worse
compared to moreover worst
equally important of less importance worst of all
3．表示強調的關聯詞
especially, without doubt, primarily, chiefly, actually, otherwise, after all ,
as a matter of fact
4.表示比較的關聯詞
as, too, also, likewise, similarly, at the same time, in the same way
5．表示轉折的關聯詞
but, still, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, nevertheless, regardless, contrary to, and yet, however, nonetheless, conversely, despite, after all, instead
6．表示因果關系的關聯詞
accordingly, as a result, because, consequent, hence, since, therefore, thus,
for this purpose, to this end, with this object
7．表示結論的關聯詞
all in all, altogether, finally, in brief, in sum, in conclusion, in short, in summary, on the whole, to sum up
8．表示作者態度的詞
ironically, fortunately, to the disappointment of, unfortunately, strangely enough
考試十大類重要關聯詞總結分析
考試中關聯詞起著很重要的作用，熟悉這些常用的關聯詞，對你的考試會有非常重要的作用。
常用的關聯詞分為十大類：
一.Addition此外
inaddition，and，similarly，likewise，aswellas，besides，furthermore，also，moreover，too，notonly…but，even，besidesthis／that
二.Sequence順序
first，initially，secondetc.，tobeginwith，then，next，earlier／later，followingthis／that，afterwards
三.Consequence結果
asaresult，thus，so，therefore，consequently，itfollowsthat，thereby，eventually，inthatcase，admittedly
四.Contrast對比
however，ontheotherhand，
despite，inspiteof，though，although，but，onthecontrary
otherwise，yet，insteadof，rather，whereas，nonethelesscomparedwith，incontrast
五．Certainty確定
obviously，certainly，plainly，ofcourse，undoubtedly
六．Condition條件
if，unless，whether，providedthat，for，sothat，whether，dependingon
七．Time時間
before，since，as，until，meanwhile，atthemoment，when，whenever，assoonas，justas
八．Summary總結
inconclusion，insummary，lastly，finally，tosumup，toconclude，torecapitulate，inshort
九．Example舉例
forexample，forinstance，justas，inparticular，suchas，namely
十．Reason原因
since，as，so，because(of)，eto，owingto，thereasonwhy，inotherwords，leadsto，cause