1. 初三英語知識點有哪些
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九年級英語知識點匯總
Unit1
1. by + doing 通過……方式如:by studying with a
group
by還可以表示:「在…旁」、「靠近」、「在…期間」、「用、」
「經過」、「乘車」等
如:I live by the
river. I have to go back by ten o』clock.
The thief entered the room by the window.
The student went to park by bus.
2. talk about 談論,議論,討論如:The
students often talk about movie after class. 學生們常常在課後討論電影。
talk to sb. === talk with sb.與某人說話
3. 提建議的句子:
①What/ how about +doingsth.?
如:What/ How about going shopping?
②Why don』t you +do sth.? 如:Why don』t you go shopping?
③Why not + dosth. ? 如:Why
not go
shopping?
④Let』s + dosth. 如:
Let』s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + dosth.? 如:Shall we/ I go shopping?
4. a lot 許多 常用於句末 如:I eat a lot.
我吃了許多。
5. too…to太…而不能 常用的句型too+adj./adv. + to do sth.
如:I』m too tired to say anything. 我太累了,什麼都不想說。
6. aloud, loud與loudly的用法
三個詞都與"大聲"或"響亮"有關。
①aloud是副詞,重點在出聲能讓人聽見,但聲音不一定很大,
常用在讀書或說話上。通常放在動詞之後。aloud沒有比較級
形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.
他朗讀那篇故事給他兒子聽。
②loud可作形容詞或副詞。用作副詞時,常與speak,
talk,
laugh等動詞連用,多用於比較級,須放在動詞之後。如:
She told us to speak a little louder. 她讓我們說大聲一點。
③loudly是副詞,與loud同義,有時兩者可替換使用,但往往
含有令人討厭或打擾別人的意思,可位於動詞之前或之後。如:
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不當眾大聲談笑。
7. not …at all 一點也不 根本不 如:
I like
milk very much. I don』t like coffee at all.
我非常喜歡牛奶。我一點也不喜歡咖啡。
not經常可以和助動詞結合在一起,at all則放在句尾
8.
be /
get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about
doing sth.
=== be excited to do sth.對…感興奮 如:
I am / get excited about
going to Beijing.===
I am excited to goto Beijing. 我對去北京感到興奮。
9. ① end up doing
sth 終止做某事,結束做某事 如:
The partyended up singing. 晚會以唱歌而結束。
② end up with
sth. 以…結束 如:
The partyended up with her singing. 晚會以她的歌唱而告終。
10. first of all首先
. to
begin with 一開始
later on 後來、隨
11. also也、而且(用於肯定句)常在句子的中間
either 也(用於否定句)常在句末
too 也
(用於肯定句) 常在句末
12. make mistakes 犯錯 如:I often make mistakes. 我經常犯錯。
make a mistake 犯一個錯誤 如: I have made a mistake.
我已經犯了一個錯誤。
13. laugh at sb. 笑話;取笑(某人) 如:Don』t laugh at
me!
不要取笑我!
14. take notes 做筆記,做記錄
15. enjoy doing sth . 喜歡做…樂意做… 如:
She enjoys playing football. 她喜歡踢足球。
enjoy oneself 過得愉快 如:He enjoyed himself. 他過得愉快。
16. native speaker 說本族語的人
17. make up 組成、構成
18. one of +(the+形容詞比較級)+名詞復數形式 …其中之一
如: She is
one of the most popular teachers.
她是最受歡迎的教師之一。
19. It』s +形容詞+(for sb. ) to do
sth. (對於某人來說)做某事…
如:It』s difficult (for me )
to study English.
對於我來說學習英語太難了。
句中的it 是形式主語,真正的主語是to study English
20. practice doing 練習做某事 如:
She often practice speaking English. 她經常練習說英語。
21. decide to do sth. 決定做某事 如:
LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已經決定去北京。
22. unless 假如不,除非 引導條件狀語從句
如:You will fail unless you work
hard..假如你不努力你會失敗。
I won』t write unless he writes first. 除非他先寫要不我不寫
23. deal with 處理 如:I dealt with a lot of
problem.
24. worry about sb./ sth. 擔心某人/某事
如:Mother worried about his
son just now.
媽媽剛才擔心他的兒子。
25. be angry with sb. 對某人生氣 如:
I was
angry with her. 我對她生氣。
26. perhaps === maybe 也許
27. go by (時間) 過去 如: Two years went by. 兩年過去了。
28. see sb. / sth. doing看見某人正在做某事 強調正在發生
see sb. / sth.
do 看見某人在做某事 如:
如: She saw himdrawing a picture in the classroom.
她看見他正在教室里畫畫。
29. each other 彼此
30. regard… as …把…看作為…. 如:
The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 這些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
31. too
many許多修飾可數名詞如:too many girls
too much許多修飾不可數名詞 如:too muchmilk
much
too太修飾形容詞 如:much too beautiful
32.change…into…將…變為…
如:The magician changed the pen into a book.
這個魔術師將這本書變為一本書。
33. with the help of sb. == with one』s help在某人的幫助下
如:with the help of LiLei ==
with LiLei』s help
在李雷的幫助下
34. compare … to
…把…與…相比
如:Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.
你和安娜相比,你是幸運的。
35. instead代替用在句末,副詞(字面上常不譯出來)
instead of sth. / doing sth.代替,而不是 用在句中,動詞
如:Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I』m going to
Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我將要去上海。
I will go instead of you. 我將代替你去。
He stayed at home instead of going swimming.
他呆在家裡而不是去游泳。
2. 初三英語語法時態結構
Summary of This Term
Ⅰ Words:
⒈Nouns:
bookmark(書簽) librarian(圖書管理員) credit([U] 信用) hobby(愛好,復數形式為hobbies) know-all([英英] 自以為無所不知的人) know-it-all(know-all的美式說法) water sports(水上運動) super swimmer(指很厲害的游泳運動員) water-skiing([U] 滑水) canoe(獨木舟,復數形式為canoes) canoeing([U] 指劃獨木舟這項運動) canoeist(劃獨木舟的選手) diving([U] 跳水) diver(跳水運動員) surfing([U] 沖浪運動) surfer(沖浪運動員) surfboard(沖浪板) surf shop(沖浪用具專賣店) serious surfer(正式沖浪運動員) the mainland(大陸,一般指中國大陸) channel(海峽) journey(艱難的旅程,trip指的是快樂的旅程,復數形式為journeys) headline(報紙的首行) sight(風景) tourist(旅遊者) tour bus(旅遊車) guide(向導,導游) senator(參議員) representative(代表) senate(參議院) congress(代表大會 [美] 國會,議會) nation(國家) monument(紀念碑) slave(奴隸) memorial(紀念館) cemetery(墓地,復數形式為cemeteries) hero(英雄,復數形式為heroes) hall(大廳) Monument to the People』s Heroes([中] 人民英雄紀念碑) National People』s Congress(人民代表大會) rule(規則) leader(領導者) imagination([U] 想像力) vehicle(交通工具) kimono(和服,日本傳統服裝,復數形式為kimonos) the environment([U] 環境) litter(雜物) rubbish([U] 垃圾,為英國英語) stbin(垃圾桶,為英國英語) battery(電池,復數為batteries) neighborhood(社區,街坊) environmental protection organization(環境保護組織) car(車廂) sleeping car(卧鋪車廂) rail(鐵軌) nightclub(夜總會) scenery([U] 景色) astronomer(天文學家) astronomy(天文學) heavenly body(天體) style(風格) shape(形狀) Mercury(水星) Venus(金星) Earth(地球) Mars(火星) Jupiter(木星) Saturn(土星) Uranus(天王星) Neptune(海王星) Pluto(冥王星) a place of interest(名勝) brochure(小冊子) instruction(指示) single / double room(單人/雙人房間) icon(圖標) tomb(墳墓) edge(邊緣) rim(邊緣) scuba(水肺,水中的呼吸器) coral reef(珊瑚) metal(金屬) silver([U] 銀) aluminum([U] 鋁) platinum([U] 鉑金) steel([U] 鋼) nonmetal(非金屬) wool([U] 羊毛) cotton([U] 棉) fleece([U] 羊毛) bracelet(手鐲) jewelry([U] 珠寶) aircraft(飛行器,復數形式為aircraft) window frame(窗的框架) instry(工業) stream(小溪) particle(微粒) shark(鯊魚) ginkgo(銀杏樹,復數形式為ginkgoes) watchtower(瞭望塔) explorer(探險家) society(社會) fable(寓言) bone(骨頭) one』s own reflection(某人自己的倒影) inventor(發明家) light bulb(電燈泡) safety(安全的地方) raft(救生艇) spirit([U] 精神) bicycling(騎自行車) skyscraper(摩天大樓) harbor(港口) ferry(渡船) musical(音樂劇) customs (office)(海關) terrorist(恐怖分子) chemical weapon(化學武器) explosives(爆炸物,炸葯,常以復數形式出現) explosion(爆炸) poppy(罌粟) drug trafficker(販毒者) barn(馬廄) decoration(裝飾品) generosity([U] 慷慨) Savior(救世主) shepherd(牧羊人) cereal([U] 谷類食品) toast([U] 土司麵包,單位名稱為piece) cornflakes(玉米片) toaster(烤土司麵包的機器) jelly([U] 果凍) rye([U] 黑麥) pancake(薄烤餅) syrup([U] 果汁) bacon([U] 鹹肉) sausage(香腸) grapefruit(柚子) herb([U] 香草) balance([U] 平衡) nutritionist(營養學家) nutrition(營養學) dairy([U] 乳製品) grain([U] 穀物) fiber([U] 纖維) protein([U] 蛋白質) junk food(垃圾食品) preservative(防腐劑) mood(脾氣,常以復數形式出現,即moods) polyester([U] 聚酯) nylon([U] 尼龍) cotton([U] 棉) leather([U] 皮革) fur([U] 皮毛) mink([U] 貂皮) writing brush(毛筆) bamboo([U] 竹子) Chinese character(漢字) disappearance(消失) earth([U] 泥土) audience([U] 觀眾,聽眾,代表一個群體,不能說an audience,要說one of the audience ) notice(告示) rule(規則) modem(數據機) the global village(地球村) increase([C] [U] 增長,重音在in上,即`increase) decrease([C] [U] 減少,重音在de上,即`decrease) challenge(挑戰) diagram(圖表) fisherman(漁民,復數形式為fishermen,讀音相同) container(集裝箱) port(港口) fishing boat(漁船) fishing net(漁網) hemisphere(半球) rival(競爭對手,注意,課本中為rivel,這是列印錯誤) Scandinavian(斯堪的納維亞人,即北歐一帶的人,包括挪威,瑞典,丹麥,冰島,芬蘭) sturgeon(鱘) caviar([U] 魚子醬) liar(撒謊的人) ad(advertisement,廣告) playmate(玩伴) ecation([U] 教育,學業) vet(獸醫) earthquake(地震) pearl(珍珠) revolution(革命) the War of Independence(獨立戰爭) section(部分) dome(圓屋頂) common(公共草地) pond(池塘) granite([U] 花崗岩) column(圓柱) battle(戰役) performance([U] 表現) goal(球門) goalkeeper(守門員) striker(前鋒) defender(後衛) midfielder(中鋒) captain(隊長) coach(教練) the first half(上半場) teamwork(齊心協力) check-out(收銀處) description(描述) pouch(育兒袋) ostrich(鴕鳥) robber(搶劫者) robbery(搶劫案) victim(受害者) pickpocket(扒手) theft(盜竊案) detective(偵探) inspector(探長) criminal(罪犯) excuse(借口) witness(目擊證人) crime(犯罪) height(高度) climber(登山者) profession(職業(運動)) mountaineer(專業登山運動員) mist([U] 薄霧) range(山脈) cliff(峭壁) alpenstock(登山杖) tent(帳篷) cylinder(圓筒) self-respect([U] 自尊) routine(常規) airline(航空公司) closet(衣櫥) furniture([U] 傢具,為不可數名詞,量詞要用a piece of furniture) farming([U] 農業) seed([C] [U] 種子) plow(犁) tractor(拖拉機) cultivator(播種機) swather(打穀機) threshing machine(聯合收割機) mule(騾子) poultry(家禽) population(種類,相當於variety) entertainment([U] 娛樂圈) lyric(抒情詩) shore(岸,海濱) seashore(海岸,海濱) shell(貝殼) pebble(鵝卵石) ne(沙丘) lithograph(平版畫) district(地區) institute(協會) goods(貨物,商品,無單數形式) zone(地域,地區) a work of art(藝術品,復數形式為works of art) basketball court(籃球場地) golf court(高爾夫球場地) borough(自治區) commodity([U] 小商品,日用品) wholesaler(批發商) weeping willow(垂柳) neon light(霓虹燈) zoologist(動物學家) zoology(動物學) tail(尾巴) emotion([C] 情緒,情感) anger([U] [情感] 憤怒,生氣) joy([C] [情感] 快樂,高興) grief([U] [情感] 悲傷) excitement([U] [情感] 激動) handrail(把手) vine(藤) branch(樹枝) boa (constrictor)(蟒蛇) ceiling(天花板) purpose(目的) Paradise(天堂) Christian(基督教徒) silence([U] 沉默,沉靜) heavy instry(重工業) light instry(輕工業) ownership(所有權) share = stock(份額,股份) stock exchange(證券交易所) stockholder(股東) index(指數) stockbroker(股票經紀人,幫別人炒股的人) record(重音順序為`--,紀錄) oyster(牡蠣) procer(生產商) corporation(公司) tax(稅,稅款) petrochemical(石油化工產品) income(收入) appliance([U] 家電) manufacturing instry(製造產業) hurricane(颶風,狂風) balcony(陽台,復數形式為balconies) iron([U] 鐵) courtyard(庭院,院子) jazz([U] 爵士樂) saxophone(薩克斯) plantation(種植園) sugar cane([U] 甘蔗) orchard(果園) attic(閣樓,頂樓) basement(地下室) tornado(旋風,龍卷風,復數形式為tornados) lawn(草坪) (lawn)mower(剪草機) weed([U] 野草) hoe(鋤頭) suburb(市郊,郊區) valley(山谷) ages(=a long time,一段比較長的時間) jaw(顎) the upper/lower jaw(上/下顎) paw(爪子) roar(吼叫) settler(移民者) native(本地人) tribe(部落) chief(酋長,復數形式為chiefs) fighter(戰士) taboo(宗教禁忌) culture(文化,文明) enemy(敵人) anthropologist(人類學家) anthropology( 人類學) calorie(卡路里,能量的單位名稱,復數形式為calories) content(含量) nutrient(營養物質) protein([U] 蛋白質) vitamin([U] 維生素) milligram(毫克) avocado(鱷梨,復數形式為avocadoes或avocados) oven(烤爐,烤箱) feast(筵席)
⒉Adjectives:
several(幾個) so-called(所謂的) full-time(全部時間的,專任的) part-time(兼職的,部分時間的) national(國家的) recycling(可循環的) enjoyable(令人愉快的) lively(活躍的) underdressed(衣著不正式) overdressed(衣著過於正式) photographic(照相的) tiny(細小的) alike(相似的) private(私人的) undersea(海底的) greedy(貪婪的) frustrated(失敗的) traditional(傳統的) kind-hearted(熱心的) generous(慷慨的) imaginary(想像的,假想的) scrambled(油炸的) boiled(沸騰的) poached(水煮的) artificial(人工的) moody(喜怒無常的) bad-tempered(脾氣不好的) ordinary(普通的) digital(數字的,數碼的) fragile(易碎的) northern(北方的) southern(南方的) western(西部的) eastern(東部的) crowded(擁擠的) secondhand(二手的) average(普通的) harmless(無害的) lonely(孤獨的,寂寞的) rewarding(有益的,值得的) smelly(發臭的) painful(疼痛的) modern(現代化的) cultural(文化的) historical(歷史的) gold-covered(被金覆蓋住的) amazing(令人驚異的) confident(自信的) rough(粗野的) scared(害怕的) misty(薄霧籠罩的) steep(陡峭的) alive(活著的) essential(必不可少的) gentle(平緩的,指山坡不陡峭) shiny(發亮的,發光的) wild(野生的) ancient(古代的) hybrid(雜交的) tame(馴服的) fine(極好的,相當於excellent) fascinating(著迷的) learned(有學問的,學術上的) giant(巨大的) European(歐洲式的) cultural(文化的) changeable(可改變的) powerful(強大的,有力的) timid(膽小的) forbidden(禁止的) sacred(神聖的) certain(一定(量)的) roast(烤制的) subtropical(亞熱帶的) wroth(值得…)
⒊Adverbs:
probably(很可能,大概地) hardly(幾乎不…) absolutely(絕對地) thus(這樣,如此) mostly(主要地,大部分) fairly(相當地,後面加的是褒義詞) rather(相當地,後面加的是貶義詞) differently(不同地) recently(最近,相當於not long ago) way(遠遠地) someday(某一天) properly(正常地) unfortunately(不幸地)
⒋Verbs:
renew(更新,續借) encourage(鼓勵,encouraged,encouraged) canoe(劃獨木舟,canoed,canoed) dive(跳水,dived,dived) surf(沖浪) describe(形容,described,described) free(解放,freed,freed) bury(埋葬,buried,buried) imagine(想像,imagined,imagined) harm(損害) spit(吐(痰),spat,spat) collect(搜集) support(支持) bowl(打保齡球) book(預訂) mine(開采) mount(鑲嵌) tarnish(失去光澤) replace(代替) float(漂浮) attack(攻擊) explore(探索) appear(出現) bark(吠叫) frighten(嚇唬) graate(畢業,完成學業) picnic(野餐,注意,picnic的現在分詞是picnicking) sniff(用力吸,用力嗅) decorate(裝飾) overeat(吃過量,overate,overeaten) suggest(提示,提醒) affect(影響) disappear(消失) appear(出現) explain(解釋) dig(挖,g,g) obey(遵守) prevent(預防) launch(發射(火箭)) provide(提供,provided,provided) increase(增長,重音在crease上面,即in`crease) decrease(減少,重音在crease上面,即de`crease) multiply(乘以…) prefer(更願意做某事,過去式為preferred) freeze(冷凍,froze,frozen) defrost(解凍) fillet(把(魚、肉)切成片) worry(撕咬) lie(撒謊,lied,lied) tell(分辨) wag(搖擺,wagging,wagged,wagged) treat(治療) heal(治癒) rock(搖動) mark(標志) shoot(射,shot,shot) kick(踢) score(得分) beat(打敗,beat,beaten) expect(期望) spill(濺出,spilt,spilt) describe(形容,described, described) rob(搶劫,robbed, robbed) measure(丈量,測量,measured, measured) escape(逃跑,逃脫,escaped, escaped) trap(陷入困境,trapped, trapped) bang(猛擊) ride(搭乘) curl((使)捲曲) farm(耕種,干農活) sow(播種,sowed,sown) plow(耕田) cultivate(耕種) supply(提供,supplied,supplied) reap(收割) thresh(打穀) combine(聯合) breed(繁殖,bred,bred) accompany(陪伴) bend(彎曲,bent,bent) fascinate(使…著迷,fascinated,fascinated) behave(舉動,舉止,behaved,behaved) hibernate(冬眠,hibernated,hibernated) weep(哭泣,wept,wept) mourn(哀悼) raise(募集,raised,raised) rebuild(重建) record(重音順序為-`-,記錄) earn(賺,掙) merge(合並,merged,merged) manufacture(製造,加工) raise(=plant,種植) mow(剪草) weed(除草) recognize(認出) save(存款) nibble(一點一點地咬) roar(吼叫) squeak(吱吱叫,形容老鼠的叫聲) squeeze(擠) beg(乞求,乞討,begged, begged) punish(懲罰) roast(烘烤) stuff(填充)
⒌Places:
Hawaii(夏威夷) Honolulu(火奴魯魯,夏威夷州首府) Waikiki(懷基基海灘) Bondi Beach(邦戴海灘) Newquay Cape Town the Capitol Building(國會大廈) the House of Representatives(下議院) the Supreme Court(最高法院) the White House(白宮) the Great Hall of the People(人民大會堂) Statue of Liberty(自由女神像) the Empire State Building(紐約國會大廈,Empire State是紐約州的nickname) Broadway(百老匯) the Wall Street(美國華爾街) the Gobi Desert(戈壁沙漠) Nepal(尼泊爾) (the island of) Cyprus(塞普勒斯島) Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹,荷蘭首都) Holland(荷蘭) Belgium(比利時) Saudi Arabia(沙烏地阿拉伯) United Arab Emirates(阿拉伯聯合大公國,簡稱阿聯酋,縮寫為UAE) Nigeria(奈及利亞) Brussels(布魯塞爾,比利時首都) Louisiana(路易斯安那州)
⒍Prepositions:
per(每一) besides(除了) against(對抗) around(=about,大約)
⒎Conjunctions:
whether(是否) however(然而)
Ⅱ Phrases:
on different subjects(關於不同的科目) encourage sb. to do(鼓勵某人做某事) come up with(提出,想出) ride waves(在浪之間穿梭) live to(為…而生的) come across sb. / sth. (遇到某人或某事) so far(迄今為止) come true(實現,變成現實) together with(和) slow down(降低速度) the pride of(…的驕傲) speak highly of(稱贊) take a tour of(做一次旅行) take … around(帶領…轉一圈) vote on(表決) a of(一份) such (a/an) + adj. +n. reach up into the sky(直插雲霄) vote for(投票支持) vote against(投票反對) so many books = such a lot of books so much trouble = such a lot of trouble do well/badly in(在某方面做得好/不好) make a contribution to doing/sth.(對…有貢獻) come out(照片沖洗出來) offer sth. to(提供…) an expert on(某方面的專家) an interview with sb.(對某人的一次采訪) in just the right place(恰好在正確的位置上) search the Internet(在網上搜索資料) one』s stay at(某人在某處的經歷) in the old days(在以前) for one thing(首先) feed on(以…為食) come in different sizes / shapes…(不同的大小/形狀) warn sb. about(警告某人) be amazed at(著迷於…) make it possible by doing(因為做了某事而使另一件事實現) draw a moral(講出寓意) grab … away(把…搶走) turn … down / up(把…關小 / 開大) at the age of(在…歲時) be able to(能夠) ring one』s lifetime(在某人的一生中) get sb. to do(讓某人做某事) try out(試驗,嘗試) have nothing to do with(和…沒有關系) give sb. a new start in life(給某人生命中一個新的開始) be thankful to sb. for sth. / doing sth.(對某人很感激) think much of(重視,尊重) make it(達到目標) have confidence in(對…有信心) stop for (sth.)(為停下來吃/喝) stand out(突出,顯眼) the heart of(…的中心) be trained to do(被訓練做某事) sniff at(嗅,聞…) sniff out sth.(發現,尋找) get through the Costumes(通過海關) take drugs(吸毒) the arrival of = the coming of put up(掛起) decorate … with …(用…裝飾…) go from (house) to (house) doing(從(一間房子)走到(另一間房子),一邊走一邊做某事) be based on(以…為依據) be to do(將要做某事) go by = go past = pass(經過…旁邊 ) the diet of …(…的飲食) start … with(以…開始) finish … with(以…結束) lose one』s balance(失去平衡) keep one』s balance(保持平衡) be high in …(在…中含量很高) be low in …(在…中含量很低) cut out(停止,放棄) cut down on(減少) be made of …(由…製成,一般肉眼可以直接看出) be made from …(由…製成,一般肉眼不能直接看出) tell the time(顯示時間) be used as …(被當作…使用) be on display(在展覽的) be covered with feathers(被羽毛覆蓋) long before(很早以前) so that(為的是) a notice to …(給…的告示) more or less(或多或少) prevent … from(預防) because of = thanks to(因為,後面加名詞或短語) put … together(裝配) have a good knowledge of …(在…方面有很多知識) set one』s mind to do(下決心做某事) prefer to do … rather than do …(寧願…,也不願…) be worth …(價值…) far away from …(離…很遠) a flock of sheep(一群羊,注意,量詞用的是flock) come (running) to do sth.((跑步)過來做某事) cry wolf(謊報軍情) tell lies(撒謊) be excited about(為…而激動) be worn out(穿舊了) have to = have got to(不得不) buy sth. online(在線購買某物) live out in the country(住在鄉村) an ad for …(一則…的廣告) make a decision(做一個決定) have sth. done = ask sb. else to do sth. for you regard … as …(把…看作…) keep a pet(飼養寵物) be grateful to sb. for doing sth.(對某人做的某事而感激) make up one』s mind to do(下決心做某事) have some experience in doing sth.(在做某事上有經驗) before long = soon after get an injection(打針) give sb. an injection(給某人打針) as if(好像) be busy with(忙於…) be just in time to do(恰好及時做了某事) belong to(屬於) at the time of(在…時候) be home to(成為…的家) the battle of(…戰役) the very best of(最好的…) be pleased with(對…感到高興) carry on doing sth.(持續做某事) kick a goal(射門並進球) make a successful shot(進球) A beat B = B lose to A from start to finish(從開始到結束) make the score 1-0(把比分改寫成1-0) expect (sb.) to do sth.(希望(某人)做某事) spill … over / on(…濺到…) from now on(從現在起) match one』s description(與某人的形容地一樣) run away with(帶著…逃跑) break into(破門而入) the victim of(…的受害者) steal sth. from sb.(從某人處偷得某物) one』s excuse for (not) doing(借口(不)干某事) a witness to(…的目擊證人) give a description(描述,形容) be known to sb.(被某人知道) keep sb. alive(使某人存活下來) go after(追逐) meet sb. halfway(在半路上遇見某人) fall short of(不足,缺乏) be in charge of(負責…) be happy in one』s career(從事某項職業很快樂) more or less = or so(大約,差不多,要加在修飾的詞後面) give sb. a ride(讓某人搭乘) go to sales(去買打折商品) put sb. up(借宿) be / get used to doing(習慣於做某事,後面加的是doing,不是do) make a reservation for / of sth.(預約某物) in place of = instead of(代替,in place of的用法於instead of的用法類似) suggest (to sb.賓格) sb.主格 should do sth.(建議某人做某事,注意,這里介詞用的是to) give sb. a helping hand with sth. / in doing(幫助某人) hear of(聽到…消息) B.C. = before Christ(公元前) supply sth. to sb. = supply sb. with sth.(給某人提供某物) cross … with …(把…與…雜交) across between … with …(…與…的雜交品種) be known for(因為…而被知道) take a trip to(做一次旅行) back and forth(來回地) find sb./sth. + adj.(發現…很…,如find her fascinating) keep … away(防範…) live off(靠…生活) stand on(靠…站立) a second/third/fourth … leg = another leg(另一條腿) hold on to(緊抓住) hang (from …) by …(靠…掛(在…)) weep for(為…而流淚) mourn for sb.(哀悼某人) the loss/death of sb.(某人的死) call … for short(簡稱) on record(紀錄上) get a loan(貸款) a procer of sth. = a sth. procer(某產品的生產商) earn money by doing = make money from sth.(靠…賺錢) make up(組成) earn one』s living (by doing)((靠…)生活) in town(在城市中) way(adv.) out of town(離城市很遠) the heart of(…的中心) keep one』s (European) feeling(保持(歐洲式的)風格) stop for sth. to eat/drink(停下來吃/喝點東西) keep sth. as they were more than 100 years ago(保持它們100多年前的樣子) much too + adj.(太…,一般是指不好的,如much too expensive) in some way(s)(在某些方面) nibble (on/at) sth.(在某物上一點一點地咬) beg to do sth.(乞求做某事) teach sb. a lesson(給某人一個教訓) look down on(輕視,蔑視) draw a lesson (from …)((從…)得到一個教訓) believe in(信仰) a sort of(一種…) catch disease() an increase(n.) in …(…方面的增長) a decrease(n.) in …(…方面的下降) have something to do with(與…有聯系) have a high fat content(有很高的脂肪含量) put sth. inside a turkey(把某物放進一隻火雞裡面) stuff a turkey with(用…填充火雞) a herd of camel(一群駱駝,注意,量詞是herd,而不是flock) prepare dinner = get the dinner ready(准備晚飯) prepare for dinner = get ready for dinner(准備吃晚飯,注意與前面兩個片語的區別)
Ⅲ Patterns and expressions:
Ø Have you got any friends from abroad?
Yes, I have. / No, I haven』t.
(這里需注意,have got = have,但是助動詞不一樣,have got用have,have用do)
Ø Have you ever learned this pattern?
Yes, we have. / No, we haven』t.
(這是一種典型的現在完成時態)
Ø Grandma lost the book and can』t find it. What was worse, she lost more books.(what was worse放在句中,起到承上啟下的作用,表示一種更壞的情況)
Ø Once you start, it』s hard to stop.(once的意思為「一旦」)
Ø Hawaii is famous for the beach for water sports, especially surfing, it attracts lots of people to the island.(… be famous for…, especially…, … attract to…是一個非常常用的句式)
Ø
3. 初三英語重要知識點有哪些
動詞不定式一. 定義:
動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種,它沒有人稱和數的變化,在句子中不能獨立作謂語,但它仍保持動詞的特點,既可以有自己的賓語和狀語。同時動詞不定式又具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特徵,在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語
二. 動詞不定式的構成:to+動詞原形
三. 動詞不定式作賓語後面能接不定式作賓語的動詞有:agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。
We hope to get there before dark. The girl decided to do it herself.
動詞不定式作賓語的注意事項(2點)
1. 有些動詞既可跟不定式作賓語,也可跟動名詞作賓語,但含義不同:
remember to do 記住要做某事 remember doing 記得曾經做過某事
forget to do忘記要做某事 forget doing 忘記曾經做過某事
stop to do 停下來去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事
go on to do 繼續做另一件事 go on doing 繼續做原來在做的事
I remember seeing you somewhere before
Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.
2. 不定式作賓語時,如帶有賓語補足語,則要把不定式放到後面,用it作形式賓語,構成「主語+動詞+it+賓補(形容詞、名詞)+不定式」結構。
如:He found it very difficult to get to sleep.
四. 動詞不定式作賓語補足語 1. 後面能接to不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有:ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。
The teacher told us to do Exercise 1.
I want both of you to go. We helped her (to) repair her bike.
2. 使役動詞let, have, make及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不帶to的不定式作賓補。
Let』s have a rest. I saw him come in.
感官動詞後既可跟不帶to的不定式作賓補,也可跟v-ing作賓補,前者表示動作的全部過程已結束;後者表示動作正在進行。
I saw him come downstairs.我看見他下了樓。(說明他下樓了這件事)
I saw him coming downstairs.我看見他在下樓。(說明他下樓時的情景)
五. 動詞不定式作狀語
Later he left home to work in different cities.
He went to see a football match.
In order to catch the other students, I must work hard.
六. 動詞不定式作定語一般放在所修飾的詞的後面。
I need something to eat. Do you have something to read?
Tom was so excited that he had no word to say.
He is really a fool only to eat.
The man to stand here just now is our English teacher.
The doctor had no way to save the patient.
注意:(1)作定語的不定式是由及物動片語成,被修飾的名詞或代詞與不定式之間存在方位或方式關系需要有介詞。
I am looking for a room to live in(方位關系)
We have many things to do experiments with. (方式關系)
(2)作定語的不定式是由「be + adj + prep」構成的動詞短語。
Here there isn』t any book for me to be interested in.
We have done many things to proud of.
七. 動詞不定式作主語To give is better than to receive.
To reach there on foot is impossible.
動詞不定式作主語時,可以用it 代替,把實際主語不定式放在後面。
It』s better to give than to receive.
It』s impossible to reach there on foot.
It』s + adj + for sb. to do sth.
It』s not difficult for me to study English well.
It』s easy for him to work out this math problem.
在這個句型中,如果形容詞與不定式的邏輯主語關系密切,並且形容詞用來說明邏輯主語性質、品質、特點等,由of引出邏輯主語。這類形容詞主要有nice, kind, good, wrong, right等。
八. 動詞不定式和疑問詞連用
動詞不定式可以和疑問詞what, which, how, where, when連用,構成不定式短語,可以作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語等。
How to do is still a question. Have you decided when to leave?
九. 動詞不定式的否定形式
動詞不定式的否定式是在to前加not;不帶to的不定式則在動詞前加not. 如:
Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day.
My mother let me not do it by myself.
被動語態兩種語態:主動語態和被動語態
主動語態(The Active Voice)表示主語是動作的執行者。
被動語態(The Passive Voice)表示主語是動作的承受者。
構成:承受者+助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者
一般現在時:承受者+助動詞am / is/are +及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者
一般過去時:承受者+助動詞was / were +及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者
承受者+助動詞shall / will be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者
承受者+助動詞 have/ has been+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者
承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者
被動語態用法:
1)當我們不知道動作的執行者是誰,或者沒有必要指出動作的執行者時,需用被動語態。
2)當我們需要強調動作的承受者時,常用被動語態。
3)如果需要說出動作的執行者, 用by引導出動作的執行者。
主動語態變為被動語態時,其謂語動詞的時態要與原句時態保持一致,其謂語動詞的數要與新主語保持一致。
主動語態變為被動語態時有以下幾種情況:
1)主語+謂語動詞+賓語 將主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語。
(主動)We bought a book yesterday.
(被動)The book was bought yesterday.
2)主語+謂語動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語
將主動語態中一個賓語變為被動語態的主語。多數情況下將間接賓語變為主語。如果直接賓語變為主語時,間接賓語前要加介詞to / for。
(主動)He showed me a book yesterday.
(被動)I was showed a book yesterday.
(被動)The book was showed to me yesterday.
3)主語+謂語動詞+復合賓語
含有一個由賓語加賓語補足語構成的復合賓語,變為被動語態時,將主動語態的賓語變為被動語態的主語,賓語補足語保留不變,成為主語補足語。
(主動)I found him a good pupil. (賓語補足語)
(被動)He was found a good pupil. (主語補足語)
4)短語動詞變為被動語態
有些短語動詞相當於一個及物動詞,其後可以接賓語,因此它們也有被動語態,但短語動詞是不可分割的整體,變為被動語態時不可去掉其後面的介詞或副詞。
(主動)We should look after the patients very well.
(被動)The patients should be looked after very well by us.
5)賓語從句變為被動語態
若主動語態中是賓語從句,變為被動語態時常用it作形式主語,而把真正的主語放在後面。 It』s said that he passed the exam.
被動語態應注意的幾個特殊問題:
(1)不及物動詞帶介詞和介詞賓語,在變為被動語態時,仍然要帶上介詞。
(主動)The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.
(被動)The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.(2)當動詞帶有復合賓語時,並且賓補是省去「to」的動詞不定式時,在被動語態中應加上「to」。
(主動)They make do all the work.
(被動)We were made to do all the work.
(主動)We often hear her sing English songs.
(被動)She is often heard to sing English songs.
(主動)I see him walk to school.
(被動)He is seen to walk to school.
望採納
4. 初三英語知識點(新目標的)
初中階段的英語無非就是這幾個時態的變化嘛:
動詞不定式:動詞+(to)
do
sth.
一般現在時,動詞原形。
一般過去時,動詞過去式。
現在進行時,is/am/are+ving.
過去進行時,was/were+ving.
一般將來時,will+動原。
過去將來時,would+動原。
現在完成時,have/has+動詞過去分詞(have/has+been+ving現在完成進行時)
過去完成時,had+動詞過去分詞
5. 初三人教版英語各單元知識點
Unit1:by 的用法 by+v-ing
Unit2:used to be 是重點 意思是 「過去常常」
Unit3:被動語態 sb should be allowed to do sth 「某人應該被允許做某事
Unit4:虛擬語氣 If i were …,i would …
Unit5:sth belong to sb 某物屬於某人
Unit6:定語從句
Unit7:知識點多 忘了 ⊙﹏⊙
Unit8:put off+v-ing , work as, sw+adj
Unit9:被動語態 本單元重點單詞:invent,be invented ,inventor
Unit10:過去完成時 標志性詞語:by the time,realize
Unit11:賓語從句,注意從句的語序 和先行詞
Unit12:be supposed to 句型
Unit13:make sb do sth ,make sb adj
Unit14:現在完成時:have done結構
Unit15:各個單元都有一些 單詞表裡單詞的句型
ps:每個單元的標題很重要
6. 初三英語1到3單元語法復習提綱。
11. 動詞的時態
11.1 一般現在時的用法
1) 經常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。
2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位於中國東部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意:此用法如果出現在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現在時。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。
4) 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。
比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。
第一句用一般現在時,用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以後句用一般現在時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.2 一般過去時的用法
1)在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了?
2)表示在過去一段時間內,經常性或習慣性的動作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那時,布朗一家無論什麼時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧願某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等,而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去,現已不復存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義:她已不在人間。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義:她現在還活著)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:現在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)
注意: 用過去時表示現在,表示委婉語氣。
1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您還要些什麼嗎?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。
2)情態動詞 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車,能借用一些嗎?
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do:"過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態,但如今已不存在。例如:
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那麼健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。
be used to + doing: 對……已感到習慣,或"習慣於",to是介詞,後需加名詞或動名詞。例如:
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現在已習慣於散步了。
典型例題
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去,因此應用過去時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.4 一般將來時
1) shall用於第一人稱,常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用於各人稱,在徵求意見時常用於第二人稱。例如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎?
2) be going to +不定式,表示將來。
a. 主語的意圖,即將做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什麼呢?
b. 計劃,安排要發生的事。例如:The play is going to be proced next month。這出戲下月開播。
c. 有跡象要發生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏雲,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表將來,按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。
4) be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.5 be going to / will 用於條件句時,be going to表將來,will表意願。例如:
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如:
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.7 一般現在時表將來
1)下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什麼時候開?十分鍾後。
2)以here, there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。
3)在時間或條件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來後,讓他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那裡,就寫信給你。
4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前,務必把窗戶關了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.8 用現在進行時表示將來
下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.9 現在完成時
現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態,其結果的影響現在還存在;也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成:have (has) +過去分詞。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.10 比較一般過去時與現在完成時
1)一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。
2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆為具體的時間狀語。
現在完成時的時間狀語:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不確定的時間狀語。
共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday. (強調看的動作發生過了)
I have seen this film. (強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (強調起床的動作已發生過了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper? (強調有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭)
He has been in the League for three years. (在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years. (是團員的狀態可持續)
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.11 用於現在完成時的句型
1)It is the first / second time.... that…結構中的從句部分,用現在完成時。例如:
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構,that 從句要用現在完成時。例如:
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。
典型例題
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 後面所加從句應為現在完成時,故選B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意為曾經或無論何時,反意詞為never,此兩詞常用於完成時。
注意:非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。
(錯)I have received his letter for a month.
(對)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.12 比較since和for
Since 用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續時間長度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意:並非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現在已不在這里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(現在我仍在這里工作。)
注意:用句型轉換的方法,很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。
1)(對) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(錯) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然,第二句不對,它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.13 since的四種用法
1) since +過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鍾點、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:
I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在這兒。
2) since +一段時間+ ago。例如:
I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒,已經有五個月了。
3) since +從句。例如:
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走後,變化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走後,變化可大了。
4) It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如:
It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.14 延續動詞與瞬間動詞
1) 用於完成時的區別
延續動詞表示經驗、經歷; 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如:
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果)
I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)
2) 用於till / until從句的差異
延續動詞用於肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用於否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 點才回來。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。
典型例題
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本題後句強調對現在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several times告知為反復發生的動作,因此用現在完成時。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始,持續到現在,應用現在完成時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.15 過去完成時
1) 概念:表示過去的過去
----|----------|--------|----> 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時,小偷們早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。
3) 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
湯姆失望了,因為他到達晚會時,大部分客人已經走了。
典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前,因此"忘了書"這一動作發生在過去的過去,用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點,表示在"同學們正忙於……"這一背景下,when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。
注意: had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉眼又賣了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.16 用一般過去時代替過去完成時
1) 兩個動作如按順序發生,又不強調先後,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一般過去時。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起來。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。
2 ) 兩個動作相繼發生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。例如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.17 將來完成時
1) 構成will have done
2) 概念
a. 狀態完成:表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。例如:
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時他們結婚將有二十年了。
b. 動作完成:表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前,已經完成的動作或獲得的經驗。例如:
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時,你已經到達上海了。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.18 現在進行時
現在進行時的基本用法:
a. 表示現在(指說話人說話時)正在發生的事情。例如:
We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。
b. 習慣進行:表示長期的或重復性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行。例如:
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。(說話時並未在寫,只處於寫作的狀態。)
c. 表示漸變,這樣的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:
The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。
d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態,往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。
典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續的狀態,應用進行時,由於沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應用完成時,瞬間動詞用於否定式時可用於完成時。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.19 不用進行時的動詞
1)表示事實狀態的動詞,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理狀態的動詞,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。
He loves her very much. 他愛她很深。
3)瞬間動詞,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:
I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。
4)系動詞,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點累。
返回動詞的時態目錄
11.20 過去進行時
1)概念:表示過去某時正在進行的狀態或動作。
2)過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發生的背景;一個長動作延續的時候,另一個短動作發生。
3) 常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車時摔了下來,受了傷。
It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時,正下著雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到達山頂時,陽光燦爛。
典型例題
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割傷手指是已發生的事情,應用過去時。同時,when表時間的同時性,"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發生的背景,因此用過去進行時。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while,意為"當……之時"。描述一件事發生的背景時,用過去進行;一個長動作發生的時候,另一個短動作發生。句意為 "在她看報紙時,奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell(fall的過去時),是系動詞,後跟形容詞,如:fall sick。
7. 初三英語知識點(全部)
Unit1:by 的用法 by+v-ing
Unit2:used to be 是重點 意思是 「過去常常」
Unit3:被動語態 sb should be allowed to do sth 「某人應該被允許做某事
Unit4:虛擬語氣 If i were …,i would …
Unit5:sth belong to sb 某物屬於某人
Unit6:定語從句
Unit7:知識點多 忘了 ⊙﹏⊙
Unit8:put off+v-ing , work as, sw+adj
Unit9:被動語態 本單元重點單詞:invent,be invented ,inventor
Unit10:過去完成時 標志性詞語:by the time,realize
Unit11:賓語從句,注意從句的語序 和先行詞
Unit12:be supposed to 句型
Unit13:make sb do sth ,make sb adj
Unit14:現在完成時:have done結構
Unit15:各個單元都有一些 單詞表裡單詞的句型
ps:每個單元的標題很重要
過去常常做某事 used to do sth 習慣做某事 be used to doing sth 激光唱機 a CD player 輸入 put into 全神貫注於……中 put one』s heart into 想出、提供 come up with 拾起某物 pick up sth 向某人借某物 borrow sth from sb 把某物借給某人 lend sb sth/lend sth to sb 帶給某人知識 give sb knowledge 在校園內的室外 outside in the schoolyard 忘記要做某事 forget to do sth 忘記曾經做過的事 forget doing sth 第二天 the next day 上一周 last week 幾天以後 several days later 遲早 sooner or later 更糟糕的是 what be worse 為……而付款 pay for… 所借的書 borrowed books 在國外 be abroad 整理床鋪 make the bed 把某物歸還給某人 return sth to sb 從某人處得到某物get sth from sb 順手拿走、偷走 walk away with 鼓勵某人做某事 encourage ab to do sth Unit 2 水上運動 water sports 一天三次 three times a day 嘗試 have a try / want a go 遍及全世界 all over the world 許許多多、大量 a large number of 一年到頭,終年 all the year round 不管 no matter 放棄做某事 give up doing sth 放棄工作 give up one』s job 以沖浪為生 live to surf 看起來令人興奮 look exciting 因……而著名 be famous for 在A和B之間 between A and B 例如 for example 從那時起 ever since 打零工 a part-time assistant 休息一晚 have a night off 使某人舒暢(開心)make sb fit 樂趣無窮 such great fun 動身去某地 leave for sw. 一等獎 first prize 沖浪競賽 a surfing competition 奧林匹克運動會 Olympic Games 出差,因公 on business 時光飛逝,光陰似箭,日月如梭 (How) time flies! 迄今為止 so far 到某處旅遊 travel to sw. 試著做某事 trying doing sth 盡力做某事 try to do sth 一個十二歲的男孩 a 12-year-old boy / a boy of 12 實現 come true 走進、踏入 step into 減速 slow down 又過了兩個小時 another two hours 高度贊揚 speak highly of 因……感到自豪 be proud of doing sth / be proud to do sth 是…..的驕傲 be the pride of sb Unit 3 造紙廠 a paper factory 找出、查明 find out 傾倒, 倒入 pour… into 污水、廢水 waste water 害怕某事(物) be afraid of sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth 傳到某人耳中 come to one』s ears 將某物投入 throw sth in 將某物投入某處 throw sth into sw. 幫助做某事 help (to) do sth 保持城市整潔 keep the city clean 保護環境 protect the environment 綠化中國 Greener China 亂丟某物 litter / throw sth about 以……為根據 base on /be based on 在公共場所吐痰 spit in a public place 為干某事而做出(巨大)貢獻 make a (great) contribution to doing sth 砍伐 cut down 收垃圾的車 a truck collecting rubbish Unit 4 盡快 as soon/quickly as possible; as soon /quickly as one can 現在 right now 乘飛機旅行 travel by plane/ air 匆匆行程 a rushed trip 火車旅途 a train ride 打的前往 take a taxi to 卧鋪車箱 a sleeping car 四處走走 walk around 感到疲憊 feel tired 打牌 play cards 一直不斷干某事 keep doing sth 不斷老是做某事 keep on doing sth 為某人提供某物 offer sb sth 練習干某事 practise doing sth 很快睡熟了 fall fast asleep 持久 last long 持續一段時間 last for some time 旅行 go on a trip/ have a trip / be on a trip 拍照 take photos / pictures 趕快 hurry up 在某人一生中 in one』s life 留言 leave a message 沖洗, 顯影 come out Unit 5 過來、加油 come on 開家庭會議 have a family meeting 談論 talk about 去度假 go for a holiday / go on holiday 決定干某事 decide to do sth 潛水 scuba diving 在網際網路上 on the Internet 上網查尋 search the Internet 雙擊左鍵 double left click 網際網路圖標 the Internet icon 鍵入網址 type in the Website 按回車鍵 press the enter button 花市 a flower market 馴鹿公園 a deer park 單程 one-way trip 往返雙程 round trip 珊瑚礁 coral reefs 快速列車 a fast train 向前走 walk along 照直走 go straight along 請稍等 just / wait a minute Unit 6 報警 call the police 出事故 have an accident 去沖浪 go surfing 騎馬 ride a horse 拜訪某人 visit sb 允許某人做某事 allow sb to do sth 使它成為可能 make it possible 水下呼吸器 the scuba machine 對……感興趣 be interested in 攝像 make videos 製作電視節目 make a TV show 對……感到驚訝 be amazed /surprised at 保護環境 save /protect the environment 保持某物清潔 keep sth clean 清理、打掃 clean up 鼓勵某人干某事 encourage sb to do sth 參加……活動 take part in sth /doing sth 長達…… as long as… 在世界上 on earth / in the world 以……為生、為主食 feed on… 在沙灘上 on the beaches 警告某人做某事 warn sb to do sth 去看望、拜訪某人go to visit sb 走出 get out of 就這么定了。 That』s a deal. Unit 7 能 be able to 持續做…… keep doing sth 讓某人持續做某事 keep sb doing sth 操作、從事、致力於…… work on sth 改變世界 change the world 試驗新的想法(創新)try out new ideas 在校上學 be in school 與……無/有關 have nothing / something to do with… 對……感興趣 be interested in 在12歲時 at the age of 12 鐵軌 railway tracks 沖過去 rush out 把孩子抱到安全地帶carry the boy to safety 如此……以致…… so… that… 對……評價高,看重 think a lot of 考慮、關心 think of 開發 open up 關小 turn dow ...
8. 九年級英語知識點有哪些
九年級英語知識點有:
1、 if 引導的非真實性條件狀語從句,即:虛擬語氣,通過動詞形式的變化來表示說話人對發生的動作或存在的狀態。所持的態度或看法的動詞形式稱為語氣,虛擬語氣表示說話人所說的話不是事實,而是一種祝願,建議或是與事實相反的假設等。
2、If 引導的條件狀語從句分為真實和非真實條件句,非真實條件句應用虛擬語氣。如果要表示與現在或將來事實相反時,其虛擬語氣結構為:即:(從句)if +主語+動詞過去式(be 動詞用were),一般過去時,(主句) 主語+would+動詞原形,過去將來時。
3、pretend to do sth. 假裝做某事。
4、be late for 遲到,如:I am late for work/ school/ class/ party。
5、a few 與 a little 的區別,a few 一些,修飾可數名詞,a little 一些,修飾不可數名詞兩者表肯定意義,如:He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。
6、few 少數的,修飾可數名詞few 與 little 的區別,little 少數的,修飾不可數名詞,兩者表否定意義,如:He has few friends. 他沒有幾個朋友。There is little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里沒有多少糖。
7、hundred, thousand , million, billion (十億)詞前面有數詞或several一詞時要不能加s ,反之,則要加s 並與of 連用,表示數量很多。如:several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people 幾百/千/百萬/十億人,hundreds of trees 上百棵樹。
8、what if + 從句 如果…怎麼辦,要是… 又怎麼樣,如:What if she doesn』t come? 要是她不來怎麼辦?What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎麼辦?
9、 add sth. to sth. 添加…到…如:I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水裡。
9. 初三英語知識點有哪些
1、時間和頻度副詞。
就是與表示時間、頻率相關的英語單詞,例如現在、每天、之前、昨天、曾經,等等:now,then,often,always,usually,early,today,lately,next,last,already,generally等。
2、地點副詞。
在英語里表示地點和位置關系的副詞稱為地點副詞,常放在動詞前面。 常見的表示地點的副詞是home,here,there,upstairs,downstairs等。
3、方式副詞
大多數方式副詞在賓語或動詞後面。單一的方式副詞有時可以用在主語和動詞之間。常見的方式副詞有:carefully、gracefully、well、fast 、badly、hard、dishonestly等。
4、程度副詞
用來表示動詞,形容詞或其他副詞的程度,一般用在動詞前,常見的程度動詞有:much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly。
5、疑問副詞
常用在句首,用來引導名詞,常見的疑問副詞是:how, when, where, why。
10. 孩子上初三,英語成績一直不好,請問如何構建英語知識學習框架
構建英語知識框架
梳理知識結構、構建知識框架是較好的學習方法之一。初三階段,學習內容既深又廣,不以構建框架式的學習方法可能會事倍而功半,達不到好的效果。如何構建英語知識學習框架?
一、巧妙識記單詞
理解每一課的重點詞彙、片語,用專門的小本子按詞性、詞意分門別類,列成條目,可隨身攜帶,利用零碎的時間看一遍,讓單詞解決在不經意中。
二、及時梳理知識點
把每課中的知識點梳理歸納成句型,找出典型句,專門背上幾個典型句,碰到類似的句子,可套用典型句,舉一反三,學英語實際上就是套用句型;
三、理清語法規則
語法規則就是語言規則,是遣詞造句的綱目,掌握了語法對理解有很大的好處,所以語法也不可輕視。每課的語法不會太多,一般一二條很容易掌握,第4單元的語法為動詞不定式,只要把所學過的動詞梳理一下,哪些動詞接不定式,把動詞列出來,加以練習就行了,如I want to be a doctor. He went to London for a holiday等。反復練習,就會鞏固掌握,語法通常是和句型緊密聯系的,練習語法的同時也鞏固了句型,一舉兩得。