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必修五英語課文知識點歸納

發布時間: 2022-07-09 13:01:11

㈠ 求高中外研版英語必修五重點短語和知識點

細胞的衰老和凋亡以及與人體健康的關系考點4 癌細胞的主要特徵及防治必修2 知識點在書後有,我也用的外研版,書後有每課要學習的知識點,很重要的,

㈡ 高二英語必修五第一課課文概括100字不是翻譯,急需

概括如下:

John Snow was a well-known doctorin London in the 19th century. He wanted to find the causeof cholera in order to defeat it. In 1854 when a cholera broke out, he began to gather information.

約翰·斯諾是19世紀倫敦著名的醫生。他想找出霍亂的起因,以便戰勝它。1854年霍亂爆發時,他開始收集信息。

He marked_ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the pump died.

他在一張地圖上標出了所有死者的住處,他發現許多喝了水泵里的臟水的人都死了。

So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the source of all water supply be examined. Finally,「King Cholera」was defeated.

因此,他認定被污染的水攜帶霍亂。他建議檢查所有水源。最後,「霍亂王」被擊敗。

㈢ 英語必修五unit3reading大意

Reading
生活在未來
太空郵件:[email protected]
15/11/3008(地球時間)
親愛的爸爸媽媽:
我現在仍然無法相信我是在接受去年獲得的這個獎勵。我得不斷提醒自己,我真的已經進入到公元3008年了。因為擔心這次旅行,頭幾天我心裡總是不踏實,結果我得了時間滯後症。這就與你乘坐飛機會產生時差反應相似,所不同的是,在你的腦子里似乎會不斷閃現以前的時光。因此,我一開始就感到神經過敏和心神不定。但是我的朋友兼導游王平很細心體貼,給了我幾粒綠色葯片,倒是挺起作用的。他父母的公司叫做「未來之旅」,以其技術高超而聞名。他們把我裝在一個時間艙里,平安地把我送入了未來。
我仍舊記得我們被太空服務員一起叫到時間艙,爬上去進入一個小門。座位是很舒適的,喝了點鎮靜劑後,我們的眼睛就閉上了,感到昏昏欲睡似的。時間艙在輕輕左右搖晃,我們放鬆地躺在那裡做夢。幾分鍾以後,旅程結束,我們就到了。我仍然在地球上,但是進入到了未來的一千年。我們會看到什麼呢?
一開始新的環境讓我很難忍受。空氣似乎很稀薄,好像在混合的氣體中剩下的氧氣很少。由於缺乏新鮮空氣,我感到頭痛。正當我想努力調整適應新環境時,王平出現了。他告訴我,「把這個面罩戴上。它會使你感覺好得多。」他把面罩遞給我,敦促我馬上走進附近的一個小房間,叫我休息。我立刻就感到舒服些了。沒過多久,我就再次站立起來,跟著他去領取了一台由電腦驅動的氣墊車。這些氣墊車是在地面上方漂浮著的,只要在座位上把操縱桿打彎或壓下,你就可以迅速地移動。王平系緊了我的安全帶,教我怎樣使用它。不久,我就可以飛得跟王平一樣快了。可是,當我們到達一個看上去像大市場的地方時,由於太多車子朝四面八方飛奔,我看不見王平了。他被捲入到這群車隊里去了。就在這個時候我得到一次「時間滯後」的閃回,這樣我就再次看到了似乎是公元2008年的那個地區。我這才懂得我被送到了未來,但卻仍然在自己的家鄉。就在這個時候,我又見到了王平,於是又跟在他後面飛去。
到了一幢看上去很奇怪的房子里,他把我帶到一個明亮而潔凈的大房間。牆是綠色的,地板是棕色的,燈光很柔和。突然牆壁移動了——原來是樹形成的!後來我才發現,就是這些樹的葉子為這棟房屋提供了最急需的氧氣。然後王平在電腦屏幕上的開關上閃了一下,於是一張桌子和幾把椅子就像變魔術那樣從地板下面升了起來。「怎麼不坐下來吃些東西呢?」他說道,「你第一次作這樣的時間旅行,可能會感到有些困難。你可以好好休息一下。今天沒有任何出行計劃。明天你還要准備參觀幾個地方。」說完這些,他把食物擺在桌子上,又從地板下取出一張床來。他離開後,我簡單吃了飯,洗了個熱水澡。實在累壞了,我溜上床很快就睡著了。
以後再談吧!
你的兒子
李強

Using language
我看到了奇妙的東西
我首先參觀的是一個太空站,這個站被認為是太空中最現代化的地方。太空站像一個巨大的圓盤,在太空中緩緩的旋轉,以仿照出地球重心的引力。太空站里展出了31世紀一些最前沿的發明。有個導游帶領我們站在一條移動的運送帶上,到各處參觀。

因為不知道你是用的什麼版本的教材,所以暫時給你的是人教版的。望採納,給積分!!!!!

㈣ 高中英語必修五、選修六知識點總結(包括片語、重點句型、語法)

大的語法就是倒裝和虛擬語氣,具體到小的只能自己總結了。

㈤ 高二英語必修五,1-6模塊總結,幫個忙,速度啊!

必修5重點詞彙,短語,句子復習總結
必修五. M5 Unit 1
重點單詞
characteristics environment analyze expert instruct
deliver extra physician spread remove
attend evidence pollute foresee cure
handle pump challenge neighborhood victim
affect valuable source face frighten
severe attack gather solve confuse
absorb suspected multiply clue enquiry
investigation announce movement universe reject
against theory privately create encourage
replace enthusiastic graally ignore cautious
arise punish backward solar knowledge
重點短語
put forward draw a conclusion be/get under control
expose … to … be to blame blame sb. for sth.
in addition link...to... die of/from
lead to make sense apart from
contribute to be enthusiastic about be curious about
point of view (be)strict with sb. look into
thousands of be determined to do
重點句子
1. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London – so famous, indeed, that he attended
Queen Victoria as her personal physician..
2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to
cholera.
3. First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people lived.
4. He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found.
5. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed
people.
6. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their
meals.
To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the
water supplies be examined.
7. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make
sense.
8. Yet Copernicus』 theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.
9. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.
10. … he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
11. Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have
punished him ….
12. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, graally improving his theory until he felt it was complete.
13. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.
14. … , so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.
15. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God』s idea and people
Who supported it would be attacked.
必修五 M5 Unit2
重點單詞:
unite divide puzzle clarify relation
legal convenience attraction collection architecture
Influence project arrange wedding fold
sightseeing available delight uniform statue
thrill unfair smart suggestion province
clarify accomplish evidence connect countryside
describe conflict port unwilling administration
government institution solid remain instrial
roughly zone population construct combine
collection castle worthwhile available expand
competition invader enjoyable imaginary plus
treasure introce description error possibility
splendid original furnish guard display
quarrel tense consistent
重點短語
consist of to one』s surprise break away from
break down make a list of in memory of
feel proud of refer to link … to ….
on special occasions take the place of leave out
have an influence on at your convenience as well
in / with relation to under construction to their credit
find out on show feel proud of
重點句子
1. It is a pity that the instrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
2. You find most of the population settled in the south.
3. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United
Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
4. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she
wanted to see in London .
5. It looked splendid when first built.
6. What interested her most was the longitude line.
7. … so Pingyu had photo taken standing on either side of the line.
8. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
9. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at ….
10. Their followed St Paul』s Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666.
11. To their credit, the four countries do work together in some areas ……
必修五 M5 Unit3
重點單詞
vehicle carriage mud temple private
location settlement impression constantly require
remind guide previous tablet capsule
opening surrounding lack ache mask
bend press swiftly master flash
switch optimistic pessimistic opportunity length
alien enormous imitate extraordinary helmet
assist agency skip prize transport
stewardess tolerate adjustment fasten switch
spread timetable relax exhausted citizen
typist typewriter postage postcode button
friendly fault blame observe explanation
waste greedy recycle swallow available
material absorb efficiency manufacture perform
goods representative wander motivation
重點片語
take up in all directions lose sight of/ catch sight of
in no time sweep up get / be caught in
depend on speed up give off
as a result suffer from be similar to
in no time on one』s feet be supposed to do
plenty of be previous to compare … with/to …
for health reasons jet lag under repair
search for as though show sb around
be disposed of make an impression on because of
used to do
重點句子
1. The air seemed thin as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.
2. Why not sit down and rest? = Why don』t you sit down and rest?
3. I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year.
4. Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today.
5. I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too much carriages flying by in all directions.
6. I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to ….
7. Well-known for their expertise, his parents』 company , called 「Future Tours」, transported me safely into ….
Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency.
Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the earth』s gravity.

㈥ 高二英語 外研版 必修五知識點,短語

必修5個關鍵詞,短語,句子復習總結
強制五位。 M5單位1

重點字

特點環境分析專家誨

提供額外的醫師蔓延刪除

參加證據污染空氣式外匯治癒

手柄泵的挑戰鄰里受害者

影響非常寶貴的資源臉嚇唬

嚴厲打擊收集解決迷惑

吸收涉嫌多重線索調查

調查宣布運動宇宙拒絕

對理論私下建立鼓勵

更換熱情逐漸忽略謹慎 BR />出現懲罰落後的太陽能知識

重點短語

提出得出一個結論來/得到控制

暴露...到...是要怪只能怪某人。討價還價。

除了鏈接...到...模具/從

鉛從有助於熱衷好奇的觀點

點(是)對某人要求嚴格。研究

數千決定做

重點句子

1約翰·斯諾是一位著名的醫生在倫敦。 - 。那麼出名,事實上,他參加

維多利亞女王作為她的私人醫生..

2,但他突發靈感時,他想到了幫助普通人接觸到

。 3,他首先標明在地圖上的確切地方,所有的去的人居住的地方。

4。他知道它會不會被控制,直到它的原因被發現。

5。他的極大興趣,這兩種理論的可能解釋了霍亂殺害

人。

6。第二個建議人們把這種病毒引入自己的身體與他們

飯菜。

為了防止這種情況的再次發生,約翰·斯諾認為,所有

供水的來源進行審查。

7。只有當你把太陽放在卻在天空中其它行星的運動使

感。

8。然而,哥白尼的理論是現在的宇宙中我們所有的想法都建立了基礎。

9。他發現,它來自被污染的臟水從倫敦的河。

10 ....他發現從被鏈接到寬街暴發另外兩個人亡的證據。

11,但他不能告訴任何人他的理論作為強大的基督教堂將有

懲罰他....

12,所以1510和1514之間,他的工作就可以了,逐步改善他的理論,直到他覺得這是完整的。

13。他放在一個固定的太陽在太陽系的中心,行星兜兜它,只有月亮仍然會圍繞地球。

14 ....,所以他只出版了它,因為他彌留之際於1543年。

15。基督教教會拒絕了他的理論,說這是對上帝的想法和人民

誰支持它會被攻擊

義務教育5 M5 2單元

重點詞:。

團結鴻溝謎澄清關系

法律方便的吸引力集合架構

影響的項目安排婚慶倍

觀光歡喜均勻雕像

快感不公平的智能建議省

澄清完成證據連接農村

描述沖突的埠不願意管理

政府機構保持固體工業

大致區人口結構相結合

集合城堡值得可擴展

競爭侵略者愉快的虛加 BR />寶介紹說明錯誤的可能性

燦爛的原始配料中後衛顯示器

爭吵緊張一致

重點短語

包括對人的意料脫離

分解使在覺得參閱鏈接的驕傲...到....

在特殊的場合採取的離開了有在您方便的產生影響,以及 BR />中/有就根據建設自己的信用

找出展出的感覺

重點句子

1自豪,這是一個遺憾,建於十九世紀的工業城市做不能吸引遊客。

2。你會發現大多數人口定居在南方。

3。你必須保持你的眼睛打開,如果你打算讓你的旅行到美國

英國愉快和值得的。

4。由於擔心時間不夠用,張平輿縣做了她希望看到在倫敦。

5。它看起來華麗初建時。

6。什麼興趣了她最深的是經線。

7 ....所以平輿有合影留念站在上線的兩側。

8,似乎奇怪的是,誰制定了共產主義的人應該住在倫敦去世。

9。當她看到許多遊客欣賞看著....

10。他們跟著聖保羅大教堂倫敦1666年可怕的火災後建成。

11。為了自己的信用,四國並攜手合作在某些領域......

義務教育5 M5第三單元

重點字車輛運載泥寺私人

位置和解的印象不斷要求

提醒周圍缺乏疼痛面膜

彎曲記者迅速導以前的片劑膠囊

開法師閃現

切換樂觀悲觀機會長

外星人巨大的模仿非凡的頭盔

協助代理跳過獎運輸

空姐容忍調整擰緊開關

蔓延時間表放鬆疲憊的公民

打字員打字郵費郵編按鈕

友好的過錯歸咎於觀察解釋

廢棄物回收貪吞可用

材料吸收效率製造執行

貨物代表性漂移的動力

重點片語

佔用在所有方向上忽略了/看見

在任何時候掃了GET /陷於靠加快

放出,結果苦於類似

在任何時候對一個人的腳是應該做

很多是以前的比較...用/ ...

下修

搜索健康原因時差的,好像周圍是因為

用來做

重點處置留下深刻的印象上的一句話

1,空氣似乎很稀薄,但混合的氣體中剩下的氧氣很少。

2。為什麼不坐下來休息? =你為什麼不坐下來休息?

3。我仍然無法相信,我採取了這個獎,我贏得了去年。

4。只要放鬆,因為沒有什麼計劃今天的時間表。

5。我失去了視力王平,當我們達到什麼期待,因為太多的馬車在各個方向飛來的像一個大市場。

6。我還記得那一刻,當空間空姐叫我們所有人....

7。馳名他們的專業知識,他父母的公司,名為「未來之旅」,我運安全地進入....

擔心旅途中,我不安的第幾天。

我盯著廢機器的運動模型,通過它的效率吸收。

形容為一個巨大的圓盤,它緩緩旋轉的空間中模仿地球的引力。 必修5。 M5第四單元

重點字

攝影師編輯版本的編輯器

文章的記者急於轉讓耳語

同時獲取貿易案優

故意有罪技術徹底首席

罪辯護正常結合高級

准確運用拋光瓢需求

批准進程的意圖令人欽佩的前輩

否認行賄詳挑戰的同事

經歷了不尋常的職業業余期限

標題面談困境證明簡潔持懷疑態度的發布安排招

更新提交欣喜影響助手

評估證據表明損害部門

重點片語對自己渴望做某事集中

指責...的去一個故事封面故事

請務必提前有一個良好的「鼻子」討價還價

是應該說真話牢記通知...的記筆記取決於

,以期待做出與

集(出)預約做傳...到...

1句子的焦點。永遠不會ZY忘記他在中國日報的辦公室的第一項任務。

只有當你問了很多不同的問題,你會獲得所有你

需要nkow的信息。

我不僅對攝影產生興趣,但我花了一個業余課程在大學

來更新我的技能。

2,這是故事的結局如何。

3。你曾經在那裡有人指責獲得棒的錯誤的結束?

4,同時你要准備下一個問題取決於什麼人說。

5 ....周洋還拿了一份給由本報聘請打磨風格的母語。

6。他知道如何做到這一點。

強制五位。 M5的第五單元

重點字

援助受傷器官的燒傷皮膚

毒流血傷口治療疾病

組織症狀嗆血脹大

輕度腫大喉嚨侵染手腕

鐵電射線輻射現場

袖損傷榮譽擠潮濕

感重症嚴重液體想像復雜

適用儀式勇敢的壓力包括:

櫥櫃鍋爐剪刀盆地

水壺主機臨時程度阻隔 BR />必不可少的重要功能受害者緊緊

極其表面的上衣令人震驚的尖叫

壓力倒入影響難以承受獎

重點片語

急救受傷/燔保護...對
>取決於一遍又一遍的地方

犯病的觸覺把自己的手放在

有所作為觸電起飛

現在某人。與某物。一些切斷

重點句子

1。燒傷被稱為第一度,第二度或第三度燒傷,這取決於皮膚層被燒毀



2。約翰在他的房間里讀書,當他聽到尖叫聲。

3。她躺在她前面的花園出血非常嚴重

4。毫無疑問,喬恩的敏捷的思維和急救技能,他在學校

學會保存斯萊德女士的生命。

5,如果燒傷的部位在手臂或腿,讓他們高於心臟,如果可能的話。

用剪刀取出衣物,如果有必要

6。例子包括引起電擊灼傷,燃燒的衣服,或嚴重的汽油

火災。
7 ....但也有其他的時候,迅速提供急救可以挽救生命。

㈦ 誰有人教版必修五英語的筆記_(´□`」 ∠)_感謝感謝

1由點到面,構建知識網路
對所學的知識點分步地進行梳理、歸納和總結,理清知識脈絡。從一個簡單的語法點或一個核心句型開始延伸,理清它們的變化形式、變化規律以及與時態、語態等的關聯。所謂由點到面,構建知識網路。
2由面到點,加深記憶,查漏補缺
回歸課本,查缺補漏,打好基礎。以單元為單位展開復習,回憶每單元所學的主要內容,包括核心單詞、重點句型和語法,以及需要掌握的對話等。回憶時要有框架,由面到點,比如先通過目錄頁回憶每個單元的話題,然後再回憶細化的知識點。
3聚焦重難點,鞏固易錯點
對每單元中的重點內容(詞彙、句型和語法)和在練習中易錯的點作進一步的復習,解決重點、難點和疑點,加深理解。多看錯題本,攻克錯題。
4經典題目自測,檢驗復習效果
對復習效果進行檢測,會產生成就感或緊張感,從而自覺主動地去學習,同時可以及時調整復習方法。在復習完成時,選取一定數量的題目進行檢測非常有必要。多做典型題,摸清規律,學會舉一反三,但不提倡題海戰術。
想要考個好成績,除了熟練掌握單詞、語法、句型,還要有正確的答題技巧

㈧ 必修五英語第一單元課文可以分成幾個部分,每個部分的大意

第一段課文就分成三個部分,差不多,嗯,有那個reading,還有後面的task任務部分有那個語法。哦,其他的東西就是分於老師給你看嗎?希望我的回答對你有所幫助。

㈨ 牛津英語必修五復習提綱

定義及構成
非謂語動詞主要包括不定式&動名詞&分詞(現在分詞和過去分詞),.即動詞的非謂語形式除了不能獨立作謂語外,可以承擔句子的任何成分
它有三種形式:不定式,分詞(現在分詞、過去分詞),動名詞
1.非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的相同點有:
(1)如果是及物動詞都可與賓語連用,例如:
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
(2)都可以被狀語修飾:
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
(3)都有主動與被動, 「體」式(一般式;進行式;完成式)的變化。例如:
He was punished by his parents.(謂語動詞被動語態)
He avoided being punished by his parents.(動名詞的被動式)
We have written the composition.(謂語動詞的完成時)
Having written the composition, we handed it in.(現在分詞的完成式)
(4)都可以有邏輯主語
They started the work at once.(謂語動詞的邏輯主語)
The boss ordered them to start the work.(動詞不定式的邏輯主語)
We are League members.(謂語動詞的主語)
We being League member, the work was well done.
(現在分詞的邏輯主語)
2、非謂語動詞與謂語動詞的不同點有:
(1)非謂語動詞可以有名詞作用(如動詞不定式和動名詞),在句中做主語、賓語、表語。
(2)非謂語動詞可以有形容詞作用(如動詞不定式和分詞),在句中做定語、表語或賓語補足語。
(3)非謂語動詞可以有副詞作用(如動詞不定式和分詞),在句中作狀語。
(4)謂語動詞在句中作謂語,受主語的人稱和數的限制;非謂語動詞在句中不能單獨作謂語,它不受主語的人稱和數的限制。
(5)英語中不能單獨做句子的謂語。
[編輯本段]功能及用法
(一)動詞不定式:(to)+do,具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特徵.
否定式:not + (to) do
(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生或發生在謂語動詞動作之後.
例如:
I'm glad to meet you.
He seems to know a lot.
We plan to pay a visit.
He wants to be an artist.
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
The teacher ordered the work to be done.
(2)進行式:不定式的進行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生,例如:
The boy pretended to be working hard.
He seems to be reading in his room.
(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前,例如:
I regretted to have told a lie.
I happened to have seen the film.
He is pleased to have met his friend.
2.不定式的句法功能:
(1)作主語:
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
To lose your heart means failure.
動詞不定式短語作主語時,常用it作形式主語,真正的主語不定式置於句後,例如上面兩句可用如下形式:
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
It means failure to lose your heart.
常用句式有:1、It+be+名詞+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容詞+of sb +to do。4、It+be+形容詞+for sb.+to do。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示贊揚或批評的形容詞,不定式前的sb.可作其邏輯主語。
(2)作表語:
Her job is to clean the hall.
He appears to have caught a cold.
(3)作賓語:
常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(賓語)後面有賓語補足語,則用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語(不定式)後置,放在賓語補足語後面,例如:
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
動詞不定式也可充當介詞賓語,如:
I have no choice but to stay here.
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用,如:
He gave us some advice on how to learn English.
(4)作賓語補足語:
在復合賓語中,動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語,如下動詞常跟這種復合賓語:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外,介詞有時也與這種復合賓語連用,如:
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.
有些動詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用,但改為被動語態時,不定式要加to, 如:
I saw him cross the road.
He was seen to cross the road.
(5)作定語:
動詞不定式作定語,放在所修飾的名詞或代詞後。與所修飾名詞有如下關系:
①動賓關系:
I have a meeting to attend.
注意:不定式為不及物動詞時,所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等,應有必要的介詞,如:
He found a good house to live in.
The child has nothing to worry about.
What did you open it with?
如果不定式修飾time, place, way,可以省略介詞:
He has no place to live.
This is the best way to work out this problem.
如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動作承受者,不定式可用主動式也可用被動式:
Have you got anything to send?
Have you got anything to be sent?
②說明所修飾名詞的內容:
We have made a plan to finish the work.
③被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語:
He is the first to get here.
(6)作狀語:
①表目的:
He worked day and night to get the money.
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
注意不定式放句首時,邏輯主語與句子主語要一致:
wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.
right:To save money, he has tried every means.
wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
②表結果(往往是與預期願望相反的結果):
He arrived late only to find the train had gone.
I visited him only to find him out.
③表原因:
They were very sad to hear the news.
④表程度:
It's too dark for us to see anything.
The question is simple for him to answer.
(7)作獨立成分:
To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.
(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do動詞。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.
(9)不定式的並列:第二個不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
(二)動名詞:
動名詞既具有動詞的一些特徵,又具有名詞的句法功能。
1.動名詞的形式: Ving
否定式:not + 動名詞
(1)一般式:
Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。
(2)被動式:
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀請就來到了晚會。
(3)完成式:
We remembered having seen the film. 我們記得看過這部電影。
(4)完成被動式:
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘記五歲時曾被帶到廣州去過。
(5)否定式:not + 動名詞
I regret not following his advice. 我後悔沒聽他的勸告。
(6)復合結構:物主代詞(或名詞所有格)+ 動名詞
He suggested our trying it once again. 他建議我們再試一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。
2.動名詞的句法功能:
(1)作主語:
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集郵很有趣。
當動名詞短語作主語時常用it作形式主語。
It's no use quarrelling.爭吵是沒用的。
(2)作表語:
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在螞蟻王國,蟻後的工作是產卵。
(3)作賓語:
They haven't finished building the dam. 他們還沒有建好大壩。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我們必須阻止空氣被污染。
注意動名詞既可作動詞賓語也可作介詞賓語,如上面兩個例句。此外,動名詞作賓語時,若跟有賓語補足語,則常用形式賓語it,例如:
We found it no good making fun of others. 我們發現取笑他人不好。
要記住如下動詞及短語只跟動名詞作賓語:
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承認),deny(否認), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒險), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like
(4)作定語:
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他沒有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你們學校有游泳池嗎?
(5)作同位語:
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那個山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.
他收聽收音機新聞節目的習慣仍未改變。
(三)現在分詞:
現在分詞既具有動詞的一些特徵,又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。
1、現在分詞的形式:
否定式:not + 現在分詞
(1)現在分詞的主動語態:現在分詞主動語態的一般式表示與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生,完成
式表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發生,常作狀語。例如:
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他們邊唱邊說向公園走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作業,他開始打籃球。
(2)現在分詞的被動語態:一般式表示與謂語動詞同時發生的被動的動作,完成式表示發生在謂語動
詞之前的被動的動作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被討論的問題很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告訴了好幾遍,這個淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個錯誤。
2.現在分詞的句法功能:
(1)作定語:現在分詞作定語,當分詞單獨做定語時,放在所修飾的名詞前;如果是分詞短語做定語
放在名詞後。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在後來的幾年中,他學習更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正與老師談話的那個人是我們班長的父親。
現在分詞作定語相當於一個定語從句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改為the man who is speaking to the teacher.
(2)現在分詞作表語:
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在這家上演的電影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 當前的形勢鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示現在進行時,也可能是現在分詞做表語,它們的區別在於be + doing表示進行的動作是進行時,而表示特徵時是系動詞be與現在分詞構成系表結構。
(3)作賓語補足語:
如下動詞後可跟現在分詞作賓語補足語:
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎?
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓小汽車在門口等著。
(4)現在分詞作狀語:
①作時間狀語:
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工廠工作時,他是一名先進工人。
②作原因狀語:
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由於是共青團員,他經常幫助他人。
③作方式狀語,表示伴隨:
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家裡,又擦又洗。
④作條件狀語:
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩,你就會浪費寶貴的時間。
⑤作結果狀語:
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,結果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的狀語:
He went swimming the other day. 幾天前他去游泳了。
⑦作讓步狀語:
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
雖然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。
⑧與邏輯主語構成獨立主格:
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head.
我等汽車時,一隻鳥落到我頭上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已經賣光了,他們失望地離開了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果時間允許,我們將做另兩個練習。
有時也可用with (without) +名詞(代詞賓格)+分詞形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點著燈睡著了。
⑨作獨立成分:
udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
從外表看,他一定是個演員。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般說來,女孩子更細心。
(四)過去分詞:
過去分詞只有一種形式:規則動詞由動詞原形加詞尾-ed構成。不規則動詞的過去分詞沒有統一的規則要求,要一一記住。
過去分詞的句法功能:
1.過去分詞作定語:
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。
Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 當選為委員的人將出席這次會。
注意當過去分詞是單詞時,一般用於名詞前,如果是過去分詞短語,就放在名詞的後面。過去分詞做定語相當於一個被動語態的定語從句。
2.過去分詞作表語:
The window is broken. 窗戶破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他們對眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。
注意:be + 過去分詞,如果表示狀態是系表結構,如果表示被動的動作是被動語態。區別:
The window is broken.(系表)
The window was broken by the boy.(被動)
有些過去分詞是不及物動詞構成的,不表示被動,只表示完成。如:
boiled water(開水) fallen leaves(落葉)
newly arrived goods(新到的貨) the risen sun(升起的太陽)
the changed world(變了的世界)
這類過去分詞有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3.過去分詞作賓語補足語:
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。
有時過去分詞做with短語中的賓語補足語:
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他們出去玩去了。
4.過去分詞作狀語:
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到鄰居們的表揚,他成為父母的驕傲。(表示原因)
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看見,人們就忘不了。(表示時間)
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
如果給予更多的時間,我能做得更好。(表示條件)
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
雖然被告之有危險,他仍然冒生命危險去救那個孩子。(表示讓步)
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充滿了希望與恐懼,他走進山洞。
[編輯本段]典型習題
1.The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C,did』t include women players until 1919.
A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing
析:根據題干,必須選表示被動的選項,故排除A、D;因B選項表「將要被舉行」意,不合題干之用,只有C選項(相當於which was first played)才合用。
2.European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A.making B.makes C.made D.to make
析:B、C是謂語動詞,在此不可用。D項to make或表目的,或表「將要使得」,這都不合題干情景。只有A.making,可作狀語,表結果。再舉一現在分詞作結果狀語例:
The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽車被大風雪所阻,因而耽誤了。
3.Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.
A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking
析:根據this evening,應選表示將來義的選項,C、D應排除。Take後無賓語,必然要用被動式,故答案為A。
4.John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing
析:根據be made to do sth.句式,可定答案為A。
5.The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.
A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating
析:根據warn sb.(not)to do sth.句式,可排除B、D兩項;又根據非謂語動詞的否定式not總是在首位的規律,又可排除A,而定C。
6.——I usually go there by train. ——Why not ______ by boat for a change?
A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going
析:此題可根據why not後直接跟原形動詞規律而一舉確定正確答案為D。若將B項改為try to go,則要根據其與try going意義之別來確定答案。依據題干對話內容,乙方是建議甲方嘗試乘船變變花樣,所以答案仍為D。
7.______ a reply,he decided to write again.
A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received
析:非謂語動詞的否定式not應置於首位,B、D皆為錯誤形式。A項不能表達先於decided的動作,只有選C項才表沒收到信在先,決定再寫信在後,所以C為正確答案。
8.Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.
A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having mvented
析:consider表「考慮」意時,其後動詞用doing形式,此處不表「考慮」,而表「認為」,這時consider後作賓語補足語或主語補足語多為to do,to have done,to be等形式。據此可排除B、D兩個選項。又因A表「要發明」意,不合題用,只有C表「發明了」意,才合題用,故選C。
9.Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa.
A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited
析:「被邀請參加晚會」,應選表被動意的選項,B不可用。D項少引導詞who,也應排除。又因短暫動詞的現在分詞被動式不可作定語,C也應排除,只有A.invited(=who were invited)才是正確答案。
10.The murderer was brought in,with his hands ______ behind his back.
A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tired D.tied
析:B表主動意,應排除。C表「將要被捆綁」,A表「正在被捆綁」都不合題意,只有D項填入空白才能表達「雙手被反綁著」這一意思,符合題干情景。再看一類似例句: He came in,(with)his head held high.他昂首走了進來。