㈠ 急求一篇3000字的關於汽車的英語文章，帶漢語翻譯，最好是關於天然氣汽車的
How to Choose Car Security
What to look for:
Motion sensors let you leave the top down or the windows open. They are also good for protecting the cargo areas in vans and trucks. The sensors will sound the alarm if someone invades your space.
Glass-break sensors sound the alarm when they "hear" a window breaking. This protects you from the thief who believes he can bypass your alarm by not opening the door.
Driver's side priority unlock lets you open your door without unlocking the others. You can get in your vehicle without letting your guard down.
Remote outputs allow you to expand the alarm's capabilities by adding features like a remote starter or window controls. Most alarms come with at least one remote output. Consider everything you want the security system to do (now and in the future) when choosing an alarm.
When Crime Guard interconnect harnesses are available for your vehicle, Crime Guard security systems are much easier to install than other brands.
Why buy a car security system?
Protecting yourself and your family, as well as your vehicle and your car stereo are all excellent reasons to invest in a car security system. Additionally, most insurance companies offer lowered rates for vehicles equipped with an alarm — it'll pay for itself!
A good security system not only makes your car more difficult to steal, it also makes it easier to live with. The small remote control that you carry with your keys lets you arm and disarm the alarm, lock and unlock your doors, and maybe even zap open your trunk. How's that for convenience?
FREE wiring guide with your system!
For most vehicles made up to 1995, Crutchfield gives you a sheet that tells the location and color of the wires you need to access in your vehicle. For most vehicles made after 1995, we gladly provide the wiring information over the phone, by fax, or by e-mail. This helpful information is FREE with your security system purchase! You also get our free publication, How to Install a Car Security System.
We help you install your own alarm and save
When you order your alarm from Crutchfield, you can also count on the exclusive toll-free Technical Support we offer our customers. Sixteen hours a day, seven days a week, experienced, patient experts are ready to answer your questions (just have your invoice handy when you call). It's like having a pro look over your shoulder while you work!
How a typical security system works
When you leave the car, push the button that arms your system. You hear your doors lock, and a siren chirp tells you your vehicle is protected. If you've accidentally left a door ajar, the system alerts you with a different sound.
When you walk away, you feel confident, assured. The first thing a thief sees when he approaches your car is a flashing LED that tells him your system is armed. Often, that's enough to make him look elsewhere.
If the thief tries to tamper with your vehicle, he'll get a warning chirp or a full siren blast. The security system "brain" decides which sort of warning to give based on the severity of the tampering and the type of sensors the thief trips.
When you return to your car, use the remote to disarm the system and unlock your doors or pop open the trunk. You can even use the remote to sound the siren if you can't find your car or if someone is bothering you.
Crime Guard harnesses make your security system installation a lot easier
For most vehicles, the installation begins with a Type A harness that makes connections for +12 volts, ground, starter disable and ignition — saving you time and effort on your installation. Connect a couple of sensors and you've got basic protection. (In some cases, you may need to splice a few wires to get all the features you want.)
Additional harnesses may also be available for your vehicle:
for remote door-lock control
for parking-light flash
for dome light activation
for trunk or hatch release
for remote engine start
如何選擇汽車安全
如何查找：
運動感測器可讓您離開自上而下或Windows開放。他們也很好的保護貨物領域麵包車和卡車。這些感測器會發出警報，如果有人侵入您的空間。
玻璃打破感測器發出警報時， 「聽到」一個窗口打破。這種保護您免受小偷誰相信他可以繞過你報警不開門。
駕駛員側的優先解鎖，您可以打開你的門沒有打開等。您可以在您的車輛沒有讓您的警惕。
遠程輸出允許您擴大警報的能力新的功能，比如遠程起動或窗口控制。最警報器來至少有一個遙控器的輸出。考慮到您希望的安全系統做（在現在和將來）當選擇了警鍾。
當犯罪衛隊互連利用可為您的車輛，犯罪衛隊的安全系統更容易安裝超過其他品牌。
為什麼買一輛汽車的安全系統？
保護自己和你的家人，以及您的汽車和您的汽車音響都出色的原因，投資於汽車安全系統。此外，多數保險公司提供了降低利率的車輛配備了警鍾-它願意支付的本身！
一個良好的安全系統不僅使您的汽車更難以竊取，但也更容易生存。小遙控器，您隨身攜帶您的鑰匙，您可以胳膊和解除警報，鎖定和解鎖的門，甚至ZAP公司打開你的軀干。怎麼為方便？
免費布線指導與您的系統！
對於大多數汽車至1995年，克拉奇菲爾德給你一張，告訴的位置和顏色的電線您需要訪問您的車輛。對於大多數汽車在1995年之後，我們很樂意提供布線信息通過電話，傳真，或通過電子郵件。這有用的信息是免費的安全系統購買！您還可以免費出版物，如何安裝汽車安全系統。
我們幫助您安裝您自己的震驚和保存
當您以您的報警從克拉奇菲爾德，您還可以指望獨家免費電話技術支持，我們為我們的客戶提供。 16個小時，一周7天，有經驗，耐心專家願意回答您的問題（只要您的發票方便打電話時） 。這就像有一個親期待您的肩上，而你的工作！
如何保障制度的典型工程
當您離開汽車，按鈕，武器系統。你聽到你的門鎖，警報器啁啾告訴您您的車輛受到保護。如果你不小心留下了門半開著，系統提醒您以不同的音色。
當你走開，你有信心，有保證。的第一件事，一個小偷把他的做法時，你的車是一個閃爍的LED ，告訴他您的系統是武裝沖突。通常，這足以讓他目光轉移到其他地方。
如果小偷試圖篡改你的汽車，他會得到一個警告，啁啾或完整警報器爆炸。安全系統「大腦」決定哪些類型的警告的基礎上給予的嚴重性篡改和類型的感測器小偷旅行。
當您返回到汽車，使用遙控器，解除您的系統和打開門或彈出打開行李箱。您甚至可以使用遙控器發出警報，如果您找不到汽車或如果有人打擾你。
犯罪衛隊利用使您的安全系統安裝更容易
對於大多數車輛，安裝一開始就利用A型，使連接12伏特，地面，禁用和點火起動器-節省您的時間和精力，在您的安裝。連接了幾個感測器和你有基本的保護。 （在某些情況下，您可能需要剪接一些電線的所有功能你想要的。 ）
更多的利用也可以為您的車輛：
遠程門鎖控制
停車燈閃光
激活的頂燈
干線或艙口釋放
遠程發動機啟動
㈡ 關於汽車英語的文章
Cars in America(美國的汽車)
Cars in America
Cars are an important part of life
in the United States. The car made the United
States
a
nation
on wheels.
And
it helped to make the United States what it is today.
There are three main reasons why the car became so popular in the United States. First of all the country is a huge one and Americans like to move around in it. The cars provide the most comfortable and cheapest form of transportation.
The second reason that cars are popular is the fact that the United States never really developed an efficient and inexpensive form of public transportation. Long-distance trains have never been as common in the United States as they are in other parts of the world. Nowadays there is a good system of air service provided by planes. But it is too expensive to be used frequently.
The third reason is the most important one, though. The American spirit of independence is what really made cars popular. Americans don't like to wait for a bus, or a train or even a plane. They don't like to have to follow an exact timetable.And the freedom a car gives them is what Americans want most to have.
The decrease of gas supplies has caused a big problem for Americans. But the answer will not be a bigger system of public transportation. The real solution will have to be a new kind of car, one that does not use so much gas.
美國的汽車
汽車是美國生活的重要組成部分。汽車使得美國成為輪子上的國家，它也幫助美國成為現在的樣子。
汽車在美國如此盛行有三個主要原因。首先這個國家地域遼闊，而美國人喜歡在其間來回走動。汽車提供了最舒適最便宜的交通方式。
汽車如此盛行的第二個原因是美國從未真正發展過有效廉價的公共交通這一事實。美國的長途火車從未像世界上其它地方那麼普及。如今飛機提供了空中服務的良好體系。但是飛機太貴了，不能頻繁使用。
而第三個原因是最為重要的。
美國人的獨立精神是使得汽車盛行的真正原因。
美國人不喜歡等公共汽車、火車甚至飛機。他們不喜歡必須遵循精確的時間表。汽車給予他們的自由正是美國人最想得到的。
汽油供給的減少已經給美國人帶來了巨大的問題。但答案不是發展更大型的公交體系。真正的解決方式必須是一種新型的汽車，那種不需要使用很多燃料的汽車。
Car Pollution
Each year there is an increasing number of cars on the roads as millions of new cars are proced. One out of six Americans works at making cars, driving trucks, building roads or filling up gas. Americans couldn't live without cars!
Most Americans would find it hard to imagine life without a car. However, some have realized the serious problem of air pollution caused by cars. The polluted air becomes poisonous and dangerous to health.
One way to get rid of the polluted air is to make a car without pollution. But to build a clean car is easier said than done. Progress in this field is slow.
Another way is to replace car engines with something else. Inventors are now working on steam cars as well as electric cars. Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model for us.
To prevent the world from being polluted by cars, we have to make some changes in our lives. Americans, for example, have to cut down on the number of their total cars.They are encouraged to use bicycles, which are thought to help keep the air clean.
But this change does not come easily. A large number of workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory cioses down. Thus the problem of air pollution would become less important than that of unemployment. Although cars have led us to a better life, they have also brought us new problems.
汽車污染
上路的汽車數量逐年增長，同時，每年都會生產出幾百萬輛新車。在美國，每六個人中就有一個從事與汽車相關的工作：造車、開車、修路、加油等等。
離開汽車，美國人無法生活!
大部分美國人簡直無法想像沒有車的生活會是什麼樣子。但是一些人也已經意識到汽車造成的空氣污染已成為嚴重的問題。被污染的空氣具有毒性，並且危害健康。
解決空氣污染的方法之一就是製造無污染汽車。但是生產清潔汽車說來容易做來難。
目前，這一領域的進展十分緩慢。
另一個方法就是使用其他東西替代汽車發動機。發明家正在研製蒸汽汽車和電車。但是許多廠家認為我們可以使用的實用型汽車的誕生可能還需要幾年時間。
要想阻止全球化的汽車污染，我們需要對自己的生活方式做出適當的改變。例如，在美國，需要縮減汽車總量。鼓勵人們使用有助空氣清潔的自行車。
但這種改變不能一蹴而就。一旦汽車工廠關閉，就會有大量工人失去工作。與失業相比，空氣污染似乎就不再那麼重要了。盡管汽車為我們帶來了更加舒適的生活，同時，它也帶來了新的問題。
㈢ 急需一篇關於汽車的英語文章
The lighter drive 更輕便的駕駛理念
Electric cars made from carbon fibre will be safer and go farther
電瓶汽車+碳纖維材料=安全，耐用
They look safe in thereMARK WEBBER has a lot to thank tiny strands of carbon for. When his Formula 1 car cartwheeled in a spectacular 306kph (190mph) crash at the recent Valencia Grand Prix, what helped him to escape unscathed was the immensely strong carbon-fibre 「tub」 that racing drivers now sit in. Carbon fibre is an expensive alternative to making things in steel or aluminium, but besides being extremely strong it is also very light. It is found in high-performance parts, like aircraft wings, bits of supercars and the frames of pricey mountain bikes. But if work by Germany』s BMW proves successful, it could also become the material of choice to mass-proce electric cars.
6月，F1瓦倫西亞大獎賽發生了驚人一幕：以每小時306公里（190英里）行駛在賽道上的馬克�6�1韋伯發生了嚴重的翻車事故。奇跡的是，韋伯本人毫發無 傷。奧妙之處就在於當下流行於F1的——碳纖維底座。雖然與鐵，鋁相比，它的造價較高，但是抗壓及輕便性都遠遠好於鐵和鋁。目前，炭纖維材料還大多使用在 高精度領域，如飛機機翼，F1賽車，或是私人山地車等。不過這一傳統觀念可能會被寶馬公司打破，一旦試驗成功，那麼碳纖維就可以率先廣泛應用在電動汽車領 域。
The Bavarian carmaker plans to launch a new plug-in electric car in 2013. It will be one of the first designed from scratch to use an electric motor rather than being converted from an existing model. Recing the weight of this four-seater car, known as the Megacity concept, will be crucial to improving its performance and range. So BMW is planning to use no steel at all. The Megacity will be built as two moles: an aluminium chassis will contain the electric drive-system and battery, and a body made almost entirely of carbon fibre will be fitted onto it.
德國汽車製造商正計劃將在2013年推出一款電瓶可拆卸式環保車。這並不是從現有車型改裝而來，而是設計師卧薪嘗膽的一次全新嘗試。更輕便的4人坐駕，完 全符合現代城市環保理念，這款「無鐵」車型的設計，彰顯出了它的與眾不同與理念上的更新換代。但是這樣一個設想目前還處在起步階段，或許成功的那天，汽車 鋁制底盤上充電駕駛裝置與設備，及全身碳纖維的設計工藝，能夠更好的詮釋大城市的環保概念。
Carbon fibre is 30% lighter than aluminium and 50% lighter than steel. The fibres are extremely tear-resistant. When woven into a lattice structure and impregnated with resin they can proce a part that is stronger than steel. The trouble is the process is labour-intensive and slow, not least because components may have to be cured for hours under pressure in massive ovens called autoclaves. For carmakers, used to stamping out steel body-parts in a few seconds, this has ruled out carbon fibre for high-volume proction. BMW, however, aims to change that.
碳纖維比鋁輕便30%，是鐵的50%。同時，由於纖維具有極強的抗斷裂性，再融入樹脂形成晶體結構後，那麼它的強度就要超過鐵。但是這道工序屬於勞動密集 型，效率相對較低，以前車用鐵製品的切割僅需要幾秒鍾時間就能完成，而現在則需要在高壓爐內高溫鍛造幾個小時，因此，大量生產碳纖維的可能性不高。不過， 寶馬公司目前也正在試圖改變這一情況。
Its proction line starts with a so-called precursor: a fibre spun from a polymer. This is carbonised by heating it in multiple stages to leave indivial carbon fibres just seven microns (0.007 millimetres) thick. Around 50,000 of these fibres are bundled together into a yarn which is then made into a fabric. This can be cut and handled like a textile. Strips of fabric are then overlaid to align their fibres in such a way to maximise their load-bearing characteristics as required—in effect tailoring components like a bespoke suit.
現在，寶馬生產線守開先河，將聚合體加工成纖維狀，這個碳化過程需要在高溫下進行幾道工序，最後產生的碳纖維厚度只有7微米（0.007毫米）。然後，大 概將5000根這樣的纖維擰成一股就成了纖維織物，再將這樣的纖維根據它的陌生能力將它切割成最合適的尺寸，實際上，這個步驟與量體裁衣有異曲同工之妙。
Along come the robots 自動機將助一臂之力
BMW uses molds, heat and pressure to proce contours in the fabric. Resin is then injected into the molds to bond the fibres together. How the resin flows through the fibres is crucial; it has to be done quickly and leave no area untreated before it starts to cure. A release agent in the resin migrates to the surface to prevent the component sticking in the mold. The whole process, which can be handled by robots, is completed in minutes.
然後，再利用模具與高溫將纖維織物打造成型。首先，將樹脂注入模具粘合纖維，這里有兩個細節非常關鍵，一是動作要快不能拖泥帶水，二是在沒有粘合之前確保 模具內的樹脂流向均勻。樹脂中混有的隔離劑此時發揮功效，避免了纖維與模具發生粘連。整道工序，在自動儀器的協助下，僅需幾分鍾便可完成。
The resulting carbon-fibre parts are bonded together to construct the body of the car. Besides their lightness, BMW』s experimental vehicles have exceeded expectations in crash tests, says the company. During front- and rear-impact-tests the aluminium chassis crumples to absorb energy, but leaves the rigid carbon-fibre passenger compartment intact. Even extreme side-impacts protected the crash mmies and the battery (automatically switched off when the airbags trigger). In many cases crash damage is reparable by cutting out broken sections of carbon fibre and bonding in new ones.
此時的碳纖維就可以應用於汽車製造。寶馬公司聲稱：除了超輕便的特性之外，碳纖維的抗擠壓能力也令人驚嘆。在對車頭車尾抗沖擊測試中發現，一方面是鋁制底 盤受到擠壓而變形，緩沖了部分能量，而堅硬的碳纖維能夠保證車身安然無恙。即使是側面來的強力沖擊，也能夠有效保護車廂內假人模型及電瓶毫發無傷（當然， 氣囊裝置啟動電瓶能夠自動斷電）。即便是車身有所受損，也不用擔心，切割掉受損部分再粘合上新部件，完全可以讓車體恢復原狀。
At some point, however, carbon-fibre cars will be scrapped. Steel and aluminium is easy to recycle, but carbon fibre is tricky. Carmakers are working with aerospace firms on ways to do it. BMW has pioneered a process to reuse offcuts by breaking them up with heat to turn them back into raw material. This can be used to make composites with about half the strength of new carbon fibre.
鋁的回收再利用技術已經非常成熟，但是從某角度來說，碳纖維這方面的技術還有待研究。目前，製造商正和宇宙空間機構合作，試圖填補這一空白。眼下，處理碳 纖維「邊腳料」最先進的方法還是來自寶馬公司，他們通過高溫分解，能夠使之退回成未加工狀態。通過此種方法生產出的復合材料也具有碳纖維一半的硬度。
Another advantage of a carbon-fibre body is that it will not corrode. So, apart from the battery wearing out in ten years or so, electric cars could last for decades (electric motors need little servicing). This will make it even harder for car designers to persuade those driving electrically to trade in their rustless, tough-as-old-boots vehicles for a new model.
碳纖維的另一優勢在於不易腐蝕，如果不考慮電瓶10年左右的使用壽命，這種碳纖維電瓶汽車可以使用長達幾十年（當然馬達還是需要檢修的）。與結實耐穿的靴 子讓人不忍丟棄一樣，當設計理念再有突飛猛進的發展時，如何讓使用者放棄碳纖維電瓶汽車，設計者可要好好動一番腦筋嘍。
英文附帶漢語拼音，希望對你有所幫助。
㈣ 汽車發展的英語作文
汽車發展的英語作文：
With the development of modern instry,more and more families are able to have their own cars.But,seeing the problems like air pollution and the rection of resources,some people appeal for the rection of private cars.Still,I think there is every reason for the even faster development of the car instry.
Thanks to the development of the car instry, we do not have to cram in the buses, but can enjoy in our free travel.With our own cars, we can go to more places in a leisure way. Transportation becomes comfortable and easy.
But there are those who worry that too many cars may cause more traffic problems, serious:air pollution and the exhaustion ofresources, While these problems may be true, they can be solved and some are being solved.
For example, we can invent cars that can save fuel or use other types of energy so that cars can still be used even though resources run short. To rece pollution, people have manufactured many cars without pollution. We can relieve the traffic pressure by building more and more roads or-adopt computer-monitored automated highways.
For all the contemporary problems cars bring, no one can deny the convenience cars bring us and ignore the effort that we make to solve these problems. Therefore,the development of the car instry is necessary, and it should develop as quickly as possible.
譯文
隨著現代工業的發展，越來越多的家庭能夠擁有自己的汽車。但是，看到空氣污染和資源減少等問題，一些人呼籲減少私家車。盡管如此，我認為汽車工業有理由更快地發展。
由於汽車工業的發展，我們不必擠在公共汽車上，而是可以享受我們的免費旅行。有了我們自己的汽車，我們可以以休閑的方式去更多的地方。交通變得舒適和方便。
但也有人擔心太多的汽車可能會導致更多的交通問題，嚴重的是：空氣污染和資源枯竭。雖然這些問題可能是真的，但它們可以解決，有些問題正在得到解決。
例如，我們可以發明節省燃料或使用其他能源的汽車，這樣即使資源短缺，汽車也可以繼續使用。為了減少污染，人們製造了許多無污染的汽車。我們可以通過修建越來越多的道路或採用計算機監控的自動化公路來緩解交通壓力。
對於汽車帶來的所有當代問題，沒有人能夠否認汽車給我們帶來的便利，忽視我們為解決這些問題所做的努力。因此，發展汽車工業是必要的，應該盡快發展。
㈤ 汽車的好處 英語作文
With the development of the modern technology,private car is no longer a luxurious thing for ordinary people,more and more people drive to work instead of going by bus.
The popularization of private car has many advantages.
隨著現代科技的發展,私人汽車對普通人來說已不再是奢侈品,越來越多的人們自己駕車上班而不是選擇乘坐公共汽車.私人汽車的普及有許多好處.
First, it is very convenient and time-saving ,you can drive your own car to the workplace instead of waiting for the crowded bus and afraid of being late for working.Second,it can also improve the traffic structure,and help to mitigate the stress of the traffic.Third, the popularization of private car can help to promote the car instry and any other interrelated instries.
首先,這很方便省時.你可以自己開著車前往工作地點,不必等侯擁擠的公交車,而且擔心會遲到.第二,這也有利於優化交通結構,幫助減輕交通壓力.第三,私家車的流行有助於汽車產業及其他相關產業的發展.
I believe that in the future the private car will become the most important vehicle and we cann't live without it.
我相信不久的將來私家車會成為最重要的交通工具,我們日常生活都會離不開他.
㈥ 論文《我在<汽車專業英語>學到了什麼》2000字
論據
是支撐論點的材料，是作者用來證明論點的理由和根據，分為事實論據和理論論據兩種。
1．事實論據：事實在議論文中論據作用十分明顯，分析事實，看出道理，檢驗它與文章點在邏輯上是否一致。（代表性的事例，確鑿的數據，可靠的史實等）。事實論據又包括事例和數據。
2．理論論據：作為論據的理論總是讀者比較熟悉的，或者是為社會普遍承認的，它們是對大量事實抽象，概括的結果。理論論據又包括名言警句、諺語格言以及作者的說理分析。
使用論據的要求：①確鑿性。我們必須選擇那些確鑿的、典型的事實。引用經過實踐檢驗的理論材料作為論據時，必須注意所引理論本身的精確涵義。②典型性。引用的事例應該具有廣泛的代表性，代表這一類事物的普遍特點和一般性質。③論據與論點的統一。論據是為了證明論點的，因此，兩者聯系應該緊密一致。
論證
論證是用論據來證明論點的過程。論證的目的在於揭示出論點和論據之間的內在邏輯關系。
（一）議論文的論證一般分為立論和駁論兩大類型。
①立論是對一定的事件或問題從正面闡述作者的見解和主張的論證方法。
表明自己的態度時，要注意以下三點：
1)這些看法和主張必須是經過認真的思考或者一定的實踐，確實是自己所獨有的正確的認識和見解，或者是切實能解決實際問題的主張。要使讀者感到有新意，增長知識，提高對事物的認識。
2)必須圍繞所論述的問題和中心論點來進行論證。開篇提出怎樣的問題，結篇要歸結到這一問題。在論證過程中，不能離題萬里，任意發揮，或者任意變換論題。如果有幾個分論點，每個分論點都要與中心論點有關聯，要從屬於中心論點。所有論證都要圍繞中心論點進行。這樣讀者才能清楚地了解分論點和中心論點。議論文的邏輯性很強，論證必須緊扣中心，首尾一致。
3)「立」往往建立在「破」的基礎之上。在立論的過程中，需要提到一些錯誤的見解和主張，加以否定和辯駁，以增強說服力，使讀者不會誤解自己的觀點。
㈦ 急急急！高分求有關汽車的技術方面的英文論文，最好還有中文翻譯！
There will always be that when you own something when you do not think it would be valuable, but also do not see the value of it, but when you lose it when it come to repentance, but that at the moment when the lateness of the hour, too late for regrets and. I now have such a similar feel.
A week-long automotive engine disassembly internship is over, memories of this time, he reluctantly are true. Wanted to be back in a week ago, then put in every day practice as seven hours to 27 hours use. This is true, this internship opportunities for me are too precious a true.
In this internship, I learned about auto engines knowledge, are ever at a lesson on what can not be compared. And I once again felt the profound theoretical and practical combination of the need.
Teacher because of the arrangement to the engine of our components are Santana 2000 engine. First of all, for the automotive engine theory of knowledge, I understand that:
Santana in Germany Volkswagen Ltd. 1982 procts. The company entered Shanghai in 1983, to cooperate with the development of our country has been the development of three generations - four generations of proction lines, and in 95 years will be Santana 2000 Electronic Fuel injection system into the market.
The main parameters of motor vehicles including technical parameters, the basic parameters, engine and chassis parameters parameters. Structure for the JV type engine, the combustion chamber for the ball flat, so that the function of strong squeezing gas area, to rece fuel consumption and air pollution Valve for overhead camshaft type, camshaft push rod directly. Advantages of simple structure, the inertia of small parts, the system stiffness, and improve the effective engine speed. Valve for the hydraulic rod to mention, the automatic adjustment of valve clearance. Intake system has electric heaters and temperature control the intake valve, you can ensure that a smooth start and shorten the warm-up time. Closed water cooling system uses forced circulation.
The basic structure of the modern automobile engine from crank linkage, valve body, transmission system, lubrication system, cooling system, ignition system, start the Department of the composition. Linkage crank engines are energy conversion and transmission of power institutions. Valve bodies are engines of ventilators, ventilation process: on time and turn off the control valve to ensure full combustion gas mixed with gas and emissions. Supply lines are guaranteed to give a total cylinder fresh combustible mixture and export emissions, and in accordance with the different engine operating conditions the supply of different quantity and concentration of combustible gas mixture.
中文翻譯如下：人們總說，當你擁有一樣東西的時候，你會不覺得的它的珍貴，也看不到它的價值所在，但是當你失去它的時候才恍然悔悟，此刻卻以為時已晚，後悔莫及。我現在就有這么一種類似的感受。
為期一周的汽車發動機拆裝實習結束了，回憶這段時光，竟真的是戀戀不舍。恨不得能回到一周前，然後把每天實習的7個小時當成27個小時來用。確實如此，這次實習的機會對我來說真的是太珍貴了。
在這次實習中，我學習到的關於汽車發動機的知識，是在以往任何一節課上都不能所比擬的。而我也再一次深刻感受到了理論和實踐結合的必要性。
由於老師的安排，我們組分到的發動機是桑塔納2000型發動機。首先，對於汽車發動機理論知識的學習，我了解到：
桑塔納轎車是德國大眾汽車有限公司1982年的產品。該公司於1983年進入上海，同我國進行合作開發，目前已發展為三代-四代生產線，並於95年將桑塔納2000電控汽油噴射系統投入市場。
汽車的主要參數包括技術參數、基本參數、發動機參數和底盤 參數。 發動機結構為JV型，燃燒室為扁球形，這樣可以則功能強擠氣面積，減低油耗和大氣污染配氣機構凸輪軸為頂置式，凸輪軸直接推動連桿。優點為結構簡單、零件慣性小、系統剛度大、有效提高發動機轉速。氣門提桿為液壓式，氣門間隙自動調節。進氣系統有電加熱器和溫度控制進氣閥，可以確保汽車順利啟動和縮短暖機時間。冷卻系統採用閉式水冷強制循環。
現代汽車發動機基本結構由曲柄連桿機構、配氣機構、傳動系、潤滑系、冷卻系、點火系、啟動系組成。曲柄連桿機構是發動機進行能量轉換和傳遞動力的機構。配氣機構是發動機的換氣機構，換氣過程：控制氣門按時關閉，保證氣配時充分燃燒混合氣和排放廢氣。供給系是保證向氣缸共給新鮮可燃混合氣和導出廢氣，並按照發動機不同工況供給不同數量和濃度的可燃混合氣。
這篇挺好的啊，嘻嘻
㈧ 汽車發展史英語論文300字
汽車，即本身具有動力得以驅動，不須依軌道或電力架設，得以機動行駛之車輛。廣義來說，具有四輪行駛的車輛，普遍多稱為汽車。雖然，長久以來學術各界對「誰是第一位汽車發明者」皆有不同的看法及論述，未有完全一致性的看法，但是，絕大部份學者皆將德國工程師卡爾·本茨視為第一位發明者。美國人亨利·福特首先大量生產平價汽車，是使汽車得以普及化的人。
汽車（Car，卡爾·本茨發明）是一種現代交通工具，英文原譯為「自動車」，在日本也稱「自動車」（日本漢字中的汽車則是指我們所說的火車），其他文種也多稱為「自動車」，只有在中國例外。
由動力驅動，具有四個或四個以上車輪的非軌道承載的車輛，主要用於：
——載運人員和/或貨物（物品）；
——牽引載運貨物（物品）的車輛或特殊用途的車輛；
——專項作業。
本術語還包括：
a）與電力線相聯的車輛，如無軌電車；
b) 整車整備質量超過 400kg的不帶駕駛室的三輪車輛；
c) 整車整備質量超過 600kg的帶駕駛室的三輪車輛。
㈨ 求一篇關於汽車的英文論文
Guide the future development of the concept of automotive vehicles
Summary of high-tech popularization and application makes the pace of replacement automotive procts faster and faster, also makes the Chinese automotive instry independent research and development level and technical level with the international on the growing gap in the development of the concept car is even more the difference between the very poor. WTO accession for China car alarm sounded, but also tremendous opportunity, our government, as well as automotive companies must increase their research and automotive design input, to establish a positive right car design concept, the concept of extensive vehicle design .
Keywords concept car designed to develop science, technology and culture
Technology start-ups
PIONEERINGWITHSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYMONTHLY
The 21st century, in order to lead and performance of the new century, the development of future automotive trends, a number of international auto companies, one after another at the major auto show in the world to launch its own concept car and new car. There is, however, must be caused by a phenomenon we are concerned about: As a car big country, but few Chinese car makers to launch its own development and design concept cars. Are one of the main reasons for China's automotive design concepts and methods, as well as the lack of research and development of concept cars do not pay enough attention. It can be said that a self-designed and self-development capacity of the automobile instry, it is difficult to say that is a complete auto instry. Thus we must intensify the study of automotive design and input, to establish a positive right car design concept, the concept of extensive vehicle design.
1 "concept car" is defined
The so-called "concept cars" that have not yet begun to enter the market with a design unique and must advance the awareness of the new models. Its main characteristics are: it must give people are to consider that can guide the new concept cars. It has just the design in general at the time, people's aesthetic ideas, the purchasing power and even the level of motor vehicle manufacturing instry is also unbearable. Generally it will be it avant-garde design, innovative materials, bold use of a more perfect performance, the new car interior design indicates that the direction of development of the automobile instry.
Some of the world's largest car company every year to spend many human and material resources to design their own concept car, and in some large auto exposition on display. It can be said that with the continuous introction of concept cars, the near future may occur on some concept cars have today, some features or functions of the car. But not necessarily a concept car will each eventually evolve into mass proction cars to enter the market, the majority of concept cars are finally only a "concept" for people to discuss the matter.
2 concept car, in reality the meaning of
2.1 concept car design and development of automotive procts reflected the development trend of
2.1.1 the performance of the highest scientific level and the most sophisticated technology in concept car
At the International Motor Show the previous, and the major automotive companies and the introction of the concept of lot of cars, concept cars to remove these sleek, but also more integrated into a large number of high-tech and modern means of the introction of the concept car to become Motor Company takes pride in the idea of the concept of automotive research and development are often accompanied by new technologies and the use of new materials with certain forward-looking, herald a new stage of development and the beginning for this reason that car companies the development of the concept car has invested great human and material resources, with its show car the company's strong momentum of development.
Various high-tech applications, making car slowly evolved into information, communications, entertainment centers and the exchange of information with the outside world, the computer functions and Internet all-round involvement, in-car information and entertainment equipment, advanced navigation equipment, real-time traffic information function of the growing popularity of the inevitable demand of these high-tech automotive designers transcend time and space to establish a new value system, the emergence of various new technologies for the automotive design freely given to a wider space. Function of motor vehicles for further expansion and development of the concept car, the car graally from the cold machinery into human information exchange platform, if the concept car has its own way of expressing their emotions with pregnant, anger, sadness and joy, such as facial expression make the concept car than in high volume proction cars, become a new symbol of time. Concept Car Design of automotive procts have greater and greater impact, it represents the development direction of the automobile instry and the basic idea of the automobile company design standards and a symbol of scientific and technological level.
2.1.2 human physiological needs and psychological needs of the largest Satisfied --- Automotive Engineering in the Ergonomics
Ergonomics are 50 in the early 20th century with the rapid development of a new subject with the aim of research, design and engineering technology to solve the relationship between the human body. Car body design in ergonomics, it is to people (drivers and passengers) as the center, from the body's physiology, psychology, and exercise the human body, the research body design, layout and equipment in terms of how to adapt to people need to create a manipulation convenient, safe, reliable, beautiful and comfortable driving environment and take the environment, that is the best person to design a - vehicle - environment system.
Automotive Design Human-Computer analysis of the first ministries to human size required for measurement, statistics and analysis, concting interior layout design as a basis to determine the effective space vehicle, as well as parts, assemblies (seats, dashboard , steering wheel, etc.) position and dimensions of the relationship between layout. Through the study of human physiological structure, so that the seat design in full compliance with the requirements of human comfort. Based on the manipulation of human manipulation of the scope and power to determine the layout of the manipulator position and force size, so that when the human body to manipulate natural, rapid, accurate and lightweight, so as to rece the degree of manipulation of fatigue. Through the visual characteristics of the human eye, the effect of vision research, testing, checking driver information system, to ensure that drivers have access to proper driving information. Exercise in accordance with the characteristics of the human body to study the automobile collision on the human body, a reasonable protection, the right to determine the hinged point seat belts and binding on the human body to study the vibration of the impact on ride comfort, research on and get off at the convenience of passengers, and door openings in order to determine location and size. According to the body's physiological requirements, reasonable certainty that the air-conditioning system and layout. Research on the psychological characteristics and requirements, to design a comfortable, beautiful, relaxed by the environment.
2.1.3 virtual proct development technology
At present, a growing number of automotive design companies and manufacturing companies to start using virtual proct development technology, using three-dimensional virtual reality 3D technology development concept car. Opel car using 3D virtual reality technology concept car design and development. Designers can experience floating in the air of a virtual image of car design and manufacturing, saving considerable development costs, and plans to be extended to its North American assembly plant to 14. Britain's Rolls-Royce, Renault, France, Germany Audi, as well as Italy, Sweden and other auto plants are actively engaged in this virtual design and manufacturing.
Over the past automotive research and development centers to develop new or modified are first shaped body sludge physical model, is extremely time-consuming modifications. Now automotive R & D, in particular the development of concept cars are increasingly seeking the shortest development time. If the introction of virtual proct development technologies, as long as the computer input data to construct a model figure model, in the laboratory can show an ideal vehicle images, as long as the engineers wear eyepiece, you can see clearly, there is such as a car in front of us true, after all the discussion of design engineers modifications, you can quickly design an ideal new car. Stereotypes, the computer can use the data, outsourcing trial and trial fitted the new parts and components, assembly achieve zero error, and the development of aging more rapidly than in the past.
2.1.4 the concept of green environment-friendly vehicles to the development trend of
Since entering the 21st century, countries around the world have been proced about 1.5 billion vehicles, according to expert estimates that in 2010 global vehicle proction will reach 75 million. People sigh at the rapid development of automobile instry, but also an increasing awareness of pollution from motor vehicles to harm human beings, so many countries of the vehicle to develop environmental protection measures and regulations to protect the environment for human survival, so automotive environmental protection the design of this new concept car design to be placed in a prominent position on the essential.
Improve energy efficiency, improved engine configurations, including electronically controlled fuel injection system, secondary air injection, thermal reactor, exhaust gas recirculation system, catalytic purification device, crankcase ventilation systems, fuel evaporation control system.
The development of alternative fuels, research and development of new environmentally-friendly energy, including natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, fast charging batteries, hybrid power, hydrogen fuel.
In the automotive manufacturing process, use of green materials, green packaging, green manufacturing processes and equipment and equipment green.
Green car recycling manufacturers.
2.2 Concept car indicates road traffic in the evolution of human behavior
2.2.1 Concept foretells the future of the way road traffic trends
Along with the development of automobile, the vehicle status is also slowly change, now car in people's minds as a symbol, a symbol of wealth and the embodiment of a status, but the car as a way of the nature of road traffic has overlooked. Concept car design is based on the nature of a car's innovative design predictability. Concept car at the design of the way through the daily life of mankind, human beings in road traffic in the use of methods such as behavior and ways of life all aspects of prediction and analysis, it is envisaged to solve the future in the way road traffic between the object harmonious factors. Strong and high-speed in today's technology enables the development of means of transport have a much broader space for development, more and more high-tech continuously applied at a new car. At present many of the world's major auto companies have realized that the development of the next car is no longer the biggest obstacles are technical limitations, but limits the designers thinking.
Now appearing in major auto show concept cars are generally two types: one is based on the latest available technology can achieve another kind of concept cars are those who put forward some innovative technology options but is still in the research phase of the concept car. Able to express their feelings such as car, truck can random shell replacement car, be able to easily change the driving mode of motor vehicles, be able to swim in the water of the amphibious vehicle, able to fly in space vehicles, be able to change cars. Like from Toyota and Sony jointly developed by "POD" cars, will be able to through the car before the lights, mirrors, antenna, as well as the rear seat to the car owners to express their "feelings." Like Volkswagen's Seat International Auto Show in the United States on the introction of multi-functional concept car "Sal? Juancheng sa", there are sports, comfort and three kinds of urban-type driving mode selection for you.
2.2.2 Concept of culture differences in performance
The United States as a world leader in the auto instry, concept cars at the manufacturing are on the forefront in the world. At the United States because of cultural blending, collision, so the concept car embodies the greater the diversity of cultures; are also caused by a highly developed country commercial, commercial design and pragmatism prevailed, so the design is set up at a deep aesthetic Ethics on the real and solve practical problems. With the American cars are in sharp contrast to the Japanese concept cars. Japan as the world's output of the second car big country, its concept car many practical and imagination, technology is better than art, more concerned about solving technical problems, it can be said in Japan This is the premise of the concept of car design, each model is to solve one kinds of technical problems developed. The Japanese car model to maintain a small, simple, style characteristics of the economy and harmonious relations between man-machine deal with the Japanese are reflected as a delicate oriental thinking and compromise approach to solve the problem.
The United States put the design of commercial operation as an important aspect, Japan put out of Procts Designed to accelerate as a tool, Germany put Designed as a social and cultural foundation, while the French took the design as a designer of stage performance. From various countries so the concept of car design in different styles, we can see different countries, different concepts, as well as their different cultural backgrounds design.
3 Concluding remarks
The future of automotive design as the development of the inevitable progress of Automotive Technology with each passing day, many of the artistic style of the designer will make it even more widely and more strongly reflected in the car design, and give people a wider choice. Under high-tech, and personality of the car more humane 21st century will be the necessity of the development of the automobile instry, because it is consistent with human culture, the pursuit of indiviality and needs. Therefore, the increase in automobile design concept of the attention and input, will be the development of China's automobile instry has played a great role in pushing forward.
References
1尹定邦. Introction to Study Design [M]. Hunan: Hunan Science and Technology Press, 1999
2張洪欣. Auto Design [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Instry Press, 1997
3 Tang Jia-Ti, Han Xiao Jian had denitrification. --- Proct conceptual design theory, methods and techniques [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Instry Press, 2002
Tang Shu-Min 4. Concept cars and car design development and innovation [J]. Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering Journal, 2002 (6)
㈩ 求一篇關於汽車的英語文章，且需要翻譯，約3000字左右。
The car since 1885, "the father of automobile" Karl Benzmade the world's first tricycle, automobile has become one of the indispensable traffic tools of modern. The car generally consists of four basic parts of the engine,chassis, body and electrical equipment. Engine is the power unit of the car, just as our heart; the chassis is equivalent to the human skeleton, to support, installation of car parts; all kinds of apparel automobile body like us, not only used for automobile body, also can be through a variety of different automobile brands and models;electrical equipment from power and two parts electrical equipment, it is like the brain nerve, command "heart"movement. Do you know? First steam car is made inBeijing of china. In 1672, Belgian missionary Nan Huairen,in Beijing to create steam powered mechanical device, has become the first car four wheel steam car. At that time,Watt wasn't born, compound steam engine than he made115 years earlier, Biximingn steam machine used in theearly 123 years, 150 years earlier than the train forStephenson, 200 years earlier than the Boolean forautomobile. Vehicle classification has many kinds, usually analysed by end use classification, can be divided into ordinary transport vehicle and special vehicle; according tothe power plant classification, divided into the steam engine, internal combustion engine vehicles, electric vehicles, solar car etc..
Modern cars bring convenience to humans has also brought pollution, more than a hundred years ago, the carrunning has been dependent on gasoline engine. Over the past ten years, the development of electric vehicle batterytechnology, graally approached us. Electric cars can be divided into three categories, hybrid, plug-in hybrid andelectric vehicle. They are using a power driven, in order to rece gasoline use, even without the use of gasoline.Influence of electric vehicles on the environment compared with the traditional car is small, safe and convenientenergy, is the social trend of future automotive development. In the development of automobile instry,people in constant progress, I believe there will be more and better the miracle appear!