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123單元英語知識點

發布時間: 2022-07-03 00:30:03

1. 新目標八年級上冊英語一二三單元重要的結構組成

Unit One

1.how often 多久一次

2.hardly ever 幾乎不

3.as for 至於

4.junk food 垃圾食品

5.a lot of 許多

6.of course 當然

7.look after 照顧

8.do exercise 鍛煉

9.make a difference 有區別\有重要性

10.surf the Internet 瀏覽網際網路

11.Animal World 動物世界

12.do homework 做家庭作業

13.a healthy lifestyle 健康生活方式

14.get good grades 獲得好成績

15.get up 起床

16.keep in good health 保持健康

17.once or twice a week 每周一兩次

18.eating habits 飲食習慣

19.ten to eleven times 十到十一次

20.pretty healthy 相當健康

21.go to the movie 去看電影

22.watch TV 看電視

23.read books 看書

24.the result for 「watch TV」

看電視調查結果

25.be good for 對…有益

26.want sb to do sth 想讓某人做某事

27.try to do sth 試著做某事

28 .how many hours 多少小時

Unit Two

1.have a cold 患感冒

2.a few 有些

3.at the moment 此時\現在

4.have a stomachache 肚子疼

5.have a sore throat 嗓子疼

6.have a fever 發燒

7.lie down 躺下

8.see a dentist 看牙醫

9.have a headache 頭疼

10.have a toothache 牙疼

11.hot tea with honey 熱茶加蜂蜜

12.stressed out 緊張

13.go to bed early 早睡覺

14.listen to music 聽音樂

15.go to party 參加音樂會

16.on the other hand 在另一方面

17.stay /keep healthy 保持健康

18.have a sore back 背疼

19. Chinese doctors 中醫

20.a balance of yin and yang

陰陽平衡

21.too much 太多

22.a balanced diet 飲食平衡

23.go out at night 在晚上出去

24.feel well 感覺舒服

25.conversation practice 對話練習

26.host family 房東

27.give sb a fever 導致某人發燒

Unit Three

1.at home 在家

2.how long 多久

3.get back 回來

4.think about 思考

5.decide on 決定\選定

6.theGreat Wall 長城

7.go fishing 去釣魚

8.take a vacation 去度假

9.something different 不同的東西

10.go camping 去野營

11.go hiking 徒步行

12.show sb. sth. 給某人看某物

13.have a good time 玩得愉快

14.go bike riding 騎自行車行

15.go sightingseeing 去觀光

16.go fishing 去釣魚

17.rent videos 租錄像帶

18.take walks 去散步

19.vacation plans 假期計劃

20.plan to do sth. 計劃去做某事

21.make a movie 拍一部電影

22.go swimming 去釣魚

23.go shopping 去購物
Unit 1
1. go to the movies=go to the cinema 看電影
2. look after=take care of 照顧
3. surf the Internet 上網
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skateboarding 去劃板
6. (be) in good health =(be)healthy身體健康
7. keep healthy=keep in good health 保持健康
8. as for至於
9. take/do exercise=play/ do sports鍛煉,做運動
10. eating habits 飲食習慣
11. the same as 與……相同
12. once a month一月一次
13. be different from 不同
14. twice a week一周兩次
15. make a difference to 對什麼有影響
16. how often 多久一次
17. although=though雖然
18. most of the students=most students大多數學生
19. activity survey活動調查
20. go shopping=do some shopping 購物
21. do homework做家庭作業
22. do housework做家務事
23. junk food垃圾食物
24. be good/bad for 對……有益(害)
25. on/at weekends 在周末
26. want to do sth=would like to do sth
=feel like doing sth 想要做某事
27. want sb to do sth
= would like sb to do sth想要某人做某事
28. try to do sth 盡量做某事
try doing sth.試著做某
try one』s best to do sth.盡力做某事
29. come home from school放學回家
30. of course=certainly=sure當然
31. get good grades取得好成績
32. help sb ( to )do sth 幫助某人做某事,
33. help sb with sth在某方面幫助某人
34. a lot of =lots of=many /much許多,大量的
Unit 2
1. have/ catch a cold=have got a cold 感冒
2.a sore back/throat 背(咽喉)痛
3. have a stomachache 胃痛
4. lie down and rest 躺下休息
5. see a dentist 看牙醫
6. drink lots of water 多喝水
7. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的熱茶
8. a good idea 好主意.
9. stressed out 筋疲力盡
10. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
11. traditional Chinese doctors傳統中醫醫生
12. a balance of yin and yang陰陽調和
13. too much yin 陰氣太盛
14. a balanced diet飲食平衡
15. healthy/yin/yang food 健康(陰性,陽性)食品
16. at the moment = now 此刻
17. enjoy oneself = have a good time =have fun
=have a wonderful time 玩得高興,過得愉快
19. host family 寄宿家庭
20. conversation practice會話練習
21. enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事,
like doing sth 喜歡做某事,
practice doing sth. 練習做某事,
mind doing sth. 介意做某事,
finish doing sth. 完成某事,
give up doing sth. 放棄做某事,
keep doing sth. 堅持做某事.
can』t stand doing sth.忍不住做某事
have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快
Unit 3
1. spend time with friends和朋友們一起度過時光
2. a sports camp 運動野營
3. how about= what about ……怎麼樣
4. go camping 去野營, go shopping 去買東西,
go swimming 去游泳, go boating去劃船,
go skating 去溜冰, go walking去散步,
go climbing 去登山, go dancing去跳舞,
go hiking 去徒步遠足, go sightseeing 去觀光,
go bike riding 騎自行車旅行, go fishing 去釣魚
5. do some shopping 買東西, do some washing 洗衣服,
do some cooking 作飯, do some reading讀書,
do some speaking訓練口語
6. how long 1)多長時間 (詢問動作在時間上所延續的長度)
2)多長 (詢問事物的長度)
7. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.出示某物給某人看
give me the book=give the book to me 給我書,
pass me the cup=pass the cup to me 把杯子遞給我,
sell me the house=sell the house to me把房子賣給我
buy me a book =buy a book for me 給我買書,
make me a cake=make a cake for me給我做蛋糕
8. get back=come back回來
9. take walks=go for walks散步
10. think about 考慮
11. decide on= decide upon 決定計劃
12. something different 不同的事情
13. a great/exciting vacation 愉快的(令人激動的)假期
14. can』t wait to do sth. 等不及做某事
15. a famous movie star 著名的影星
16. ask sb. about sth. 向某人詢問某事
17. forget to do sth. 忘記要做某事
forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事

2. 初一上冊英語1-12單元語法知識點

一. 詞彙

⑴ 單詞
1. 介詞:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of

1). in表示"在……中", "在……內"。例如:
in our class 在我們班上
in my bag 在我的書包里
in the desk 在桌子里
in the classroom 在教室里

2). on 表示"在……上"。例如:
on the wall 在牆上
on the desk 在桌子上
on the blackboard 在黑板上

3). under表示"在……下"。例如:
under the tree 在樹下
under the chair 在椅子下
under the bed 在床下

4). behind表示"在……後面"。例如:
behind the door 在門後
behind the tree 在樹後

5). near表示"在……附近"。例如:
near the teacher's desk 在講桌附近
near the bed 在床附近

6). at表示"在……處"。例如:
at school 在學校
at home 在家
at the door 在門口

7). of 表示"……的"。例如:
a picture of our classroom 我們教室的一幅畫
a map of China 一張中國地圖

2. 冠詞 a / an / the:

冠詞一般位於所限定的名詞前,用來署名名詞所指的人或事物。冠詞有不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。不定冠詞有兩個形式,即a和an。a用在以輔音音素開頭的詞前,如a book; an用在以母音音素開頭的字母前,如an apple.
a或an與可數名詞單數連用,泛指某類人或某物中的一個。

This is a cat.
這是一隻貓。
It's an English book.
這是一本英語書。
His father is a worker.
他的爸爸是個工人。

the既可以用在可數名詞前,也可以用在不可數名詞前,表示某個或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到過的人或事物。
Who's the boy in the hat?
戴帽子的男孩是誰呀?
------ What can you see in the classroom?
------ I can see a bag.
------ Where's the bag?
------ It's on the desk.
------- 你能在教室里看到什麼呀?
------ 我能看見一個書包。
------ 書包在哪呀?
------ 在桌子上。

3.some和any

①在肯定句中用some.例如:
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些書。
Lucy has some good books露西有一些好書。

②在疑問句和否定句中用any。例如:
Is there any ink in your pen?你的鋼筆里有墨水嗎?
Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹嗎?
There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里沒有水。

⑵記住它們的特殊用法。

①some亦可用於表示盼望得到對方肯定的答復或表示建議、委婉請求的疑問句中,這一點我們不久就會學到。例如:
Would you like to have some apples?你想吃蘋果嗎?

②any也可用於肯定句中,表示"任何的"。例如:
Any one of us can do this.我們當中任何一個都能做這個。
some 和any的用法是經常出現的考點,希望大家能准確地掌握它們的用法。

4.family
family看作為一個整體時,意思是"家庭",後面的謂語動詞be用單數形式 is ;如把family看作為家庭成員時,應理解為復數,後面的謂語動詞be應用are。
My family is a big family. 我的家庭是個大家庭。
My family are all at home now. 我的家人現在都在家。
Family強調由家人組成的一個集體或強調這個集體中的成員。home指個人出生、被撫養長大的環境和居住地點。 house指"家"、"房屋",側重居住的建築本身。
His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。
My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。
He isn't at home now. 他現在不在家。
It's a picture of my family. 這是一張我全家的照片。

5. little的用法
a little dog 一隻小狗,a little boy 一個小男孩。little常用來修飾有生命的名詞。
*但little還可表示否定意義,意為"少的",加不可數名詞。
There is little time. 幾乎沒時間了。
There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。

⑵ 片語
on the desk 在桌子上
behind the chair 在椅子後
under the chair 在椅子下面
in her pencil-box 在她的鉛筆盒中
near the door 在門附近
a picture of a classroom 一個教室的圖片
look at the picture 看這張圖片
the teacher's desk 講桌
a map of China 一張中國地圖
family tree 家譜
have a seat 坐下,就坐
this way 這邊走

二. 日常用語
1. Come and meet my family.

2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.

3. Glad to meet you.

4. What can you see in the picture?
I can see a clock / some books.

5. Can you see an orange?
Yes, I can. / No, I can't.

6. Where's Shenzhen?
It's near Hong Kong.

7. Let me see.(口語)讓我想想看。
see 在這是"明白、懂了",不可譯作"看見"。例如:

8. Please have a seat.
seat表示"座位",是個名詞。have a seat表示"就坐",也可以說take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。

三. 語法

1. 名詞所有格
名詞如要表示與後面名詞的所有關系,通常用名詞所有格的形式,意為"……的"。一般有以下幾種形式:

(1). 一般情況下在詞尾加"'s"。例如:
Kate's father Kate的爸爸
my mother's friend 我媽媽的朋友

(2). 如果復數名詞以s結尾,只加"'"。例如:
Teachers' Day 教師節
The boys' game 男孩們的游戲

(3). 如果復數名詞不以s結尾,仍加"'s"。例如:
Children's Day 兒童節
Women's Day 婦女節

(4). 表示兩個或幾個共有時,所有格應加在後一個名詞上。例如:
Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房間
Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸

動物和無生命事物的名詞的所有格一般不在詞尾加"'s",而常常用介詞of的短語來表示。
a map of China 一幅中國地圖
the name of her cat 她的貓的名字
a picture of my family 我的家庭的一張照片
the door of the bedroom 卧室的門

2. 祈使句
祈使句主要用來表示說話人的請求、命令、建議、叮囑等意圖。祈使句一般不用主語,讀時用降調。為使語氣委婉、禮貌,常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾時,please前多用逗號。

(1). 祈使句肯定形式的謂語動詞一律用動詞原形。
Go and see. 去看看。
Come in, please. 請進。

(2). 祈使句的否定形式常用don't於句首。
Don't look at your books. 不要看書。
Don't play on the road. 不要在馬路上玩。

3. There be 的句子結構

There be是一個"存在"句型,表示"有"的意思,
肯定句的形式為:There be + 名詞(單數或復數)+地點狀語或時間狀語。
be動詞單復數的確定,看be後邊第一個名詞,當所接主語為單數或不可數名詞時,be動詞形式為is;當所接主語為復數名詞時,be動詞為are;當be動詞後接兩個以上主語時,be動詞與最臨近主語保持數上的一致。意思為"某地有某人或某物"。如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一塊橡皮和兩支鋼筆。
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有兩支鋼筆和一塊橡皮。

(1)there be的否定句,即在be的後面加上not。
否定形式為:There be + not + (any) + 名詞+地點狀語。
There is not any cat in the room. 房間里沒貓。
There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上沒書。

(2)there be句型的疑問句就是將be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名詞+地點狀語?肯定回答:Yes, there is / are. 否定回答:No, there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture? 畫上有一隻狗嗎?
---Yes, there is. 有。
---Are there any boats in the river? 河裡有船嗎?
---No, there aren't. 沒有。

(3)特殊疑問句:How many . . . are there (+地點狀語)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有時直接就用數字來回答。One. / Two . . .
---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少學生?
---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一個。/有九個。

(4)如果名詞是不可數名詞,用:How much + 不可數名詞 + is there + 地點狀語?
How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水?
How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物?差不多 就這些了

3. 七年級下123單元英語知識點

牛津英語7B Uni3學案
內 容 Unit3 Finding your way




聽讀
單詞 聽磁帶,讀單詞。做到課前能基本會讀將要學習的單詞。














識 掌握下列詞的用法:
way,down,afraid,north,northwest,east,south,west,twin,police,uniform,ring,
robber,drive,quickly,push,away,fail,knife,work,station,route,along,road,right,
another,light,traffic,jump,suddenly,surprise,note,smile,mean,open,laugh,
happily,move,crossroads,cross,hotel,round,straight,Zebracrossing,corner,
across,through, bridge, pool,stair,railway,step,side, join,gate,bring, exit, paper,
turning,field,ground,market,everybody,monitor,bank,follow,report,forward,
entrance,correct,win,cloudy,set,campfire,towards,footbridge, farewell,tunnel
掌握下列片語的用法:
go down,go up,be sure,be afraid,bus stop,know the way,have to,be north of, be north-west of,drive/run to,at once,run out of, in police uniform,push into,drive away,get out of/into, take different routes,go along,jump out of,try to do, try again,be surprised to do sth,turn left/right into, take another route,run away quickly,at the traffic lights,meet at the police station,a lucky escape, swim across…walk round…jump over,at the other side of,take part in,join…, all day,walk past,all over the world,millions of,invite…to
了解並掌握下列句子的用法:
Don`t be afraid.
Can you tell me the way to…
Cross the road and you`ll see the museum.
Take the second turning on the left.
Walk past… / Go straight on.
Will you join us?
When/where shall we meet?
I hope it won`t rain tomorrow.
We are happy to invite you to a farewell party for …
IV.掌握並會運用下列語法:
介詞:across,along,through…
一般將來時

朗讀
與背誦 朗讀:P49, P50, P57
背誦:P42,P44,P53,P56
中心任務 運用所學知識,書寫邀請函並在邀請函的語境中組織信息並指明路線。

7BUnit3分課時教學要求(Period 1)
教學內容 Comic strips and Welcome to the unit



求 單詞 四會:way, down, afraid, north ,north-west, south-west, east, south, north-east, south-east
其它:follow
片語 四會:1.go down 2. go up 3. be sure 4. be afraid 5. the Sunnyside Garden
6. bus stop 7. by underground 8. know the way 9. have to 10.be north of 11.be north-west of

子 重點句:
Follow me.
Come with me.
Don』t be afraid.
Let』s go down here.
The zoo is north of Beijing Secondary School.
We can go by bus/by underground.
難句: I think we』ll have to go up again.
朗讀/
背誦 背誦 Comic strips ; 朗讀 Part A, PartB
能力
目標 1. 能辨別方位。
2. 能談論參觀訪問和交通方式。
鞏固練習 翻譯
1.跟我來。
2.和我一起來/跟我來。
3.從這兒下。
4.不得不再上(山)去。
5.別害怕。
6.確信/有把握
7.別那麼肯定。
8.讓我們去動物園吧。
9.好的。我們將乘地鐵去。
10.在……的北/南/西北面
句型轉換
1.Be late for school.(改為否定句)
2.The Sunnyside Garden is north-west of the Zoo.(一般疑問句)
3.She goes to school by bus.(劃線提問)
4.He walks to the supermarket.(同義句)
5.They go the restaurant by bike.(同義句)

7B Unit3分課時教學要求(Period 2, 3)
教學內容 Reading






求 單詞 四會:robber, drive, quickly, police, uniform, push, away, fall, twin, ring, must, into, again, road, station, note, smile, surprised, mean, open, laugh, happily, move, knife, work, route, along, right, another, stop, traffic, light, jump, suddenly
其它:character, van, report, forward, set
片語 四會:
drive/run to, at once, run out of, in police uniform, push into, drive away, take different routes, get out of/into, go along, jump out of, try to do sth, try again, be surprised to do sth, turn right into Fourth Street, turn left into Park Road, take another route, at the traffic lights, run away quickly, meet at the police station, a lucky escape
其它:
live nearby, be surprised at sth, stop doing sth, the back of a green van, report to sb, take notes, laugh happily


子 重點句:
Let』s run to the police station on Fourth Street.
Shall we take different routes?
I』ll go along Sixth Street.
Then I』ll turn left into Park Road.
Justin and Paul jump out of the van and run away quickly.
難句:
Paul tries to open the door but fails.
He is surprised to see the three men in the police station.
朗讀/
背誦 朗讀、分角色表演課文
教學
重點 學會閱讀劇本故事,能根據語境推測故事內容的發展。
讀懂故事中的一系列事件及人物採取的行動。
根據路線在地圖上標出記號,識別具體細節。
鞏固練習 回答問題
1.Who calls the twins?
2.What do the three men do when they see the twins?
3.How do the twins open the back door of the van?
4.Who do the twins see at the police station?
T or F
1.Paul uses a knife to open the back door of the van. (
2.The twins want to tell the police about the robbers. The station is on 5th street.
3.When the van stops at the Hill Building, the twins jumps out of the van.
4.Justin and Paul take different routes to the Police Station.
5.At the police station, the twins are surprised, because there are no policeman there.
6. The policeman catch the robbers after the twins tell them about it.
缺詞填空
One day, Justin and Paul get a _____ from Susan. She shouts there are some _______ in the building. They drive there quickly. Three men push them into a _____ and drive ______. Paul uses a ________ and opens the _____ door. When the van stops at the _______ _______. They jump out of the van. They take different ______ to arrive at the police station. They are ________ to see the three men in it. The policemen catch the three men because the robbers dod not close the back door.

7B Unit3分課時教學要求(Period 4)
教學內容 Vocabulary



求 單詞 四會:crossing, crossroads, straight, corner, hotel, cross
三會:entrance, correct
片語 掌握:on your left, zebra crossing
朗讀背誦 朗讀 並背誦Part A、Part B中的單詞和句子。
能力目標 1. 認識各種交通標志。
2. 學會給別人指路,能對他人指引的路線做出正確反應。
.

鞏固練習

翻譯
一直走直到你到交通燈處.
在斑馬線處向左轉.
在馬路的拐角處向右轉.
在電影院的入口處有許多店.
紅燈時請不要穿越馬路.

4. 初三英語1到3單元語法復習提綱。

11. 動詞的時態

11.1 一般現在時的用法

1) 經常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:

I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。

2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。例如:

The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位於中國東部。

3) 表示格言或警句。例如:

Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。

注意:此用法如果出現在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現在時。

例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。

4) 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如:

I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。

比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。

第一句用一般現在時,用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以後句用一般現在時。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.2 一般過去時的用法

1)在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:

Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了?

2)表示在過去一段時間內,經常性或習慣性的動作。例如:

When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

那時,布朗一家無論什麼時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。

3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。

It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。

would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧願某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。

4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等,而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去,現已不復存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。

比較:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義:她已不在人間。)

Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義:她現在還活著)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:現在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)

注意: 用過去時表示現在,表示委婉語氣。

1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:

Did you want anything else? 您還要些什麼嗎?

I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。

2)情態動詞 could, would。例如:

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車,能借用一些嗎?

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.3 used to / be used to

used to + do:"過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態,但如今已不存在。例如:

Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那麼健忘。

Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。

be used to + doing: 對……已感到習慣,或"習慣於",to是介詞,後需加名詞或動名詞。例如:

He is used to a vegetarian diet.

Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現在已習慣於散步了。

典型例題

---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.

---- It's 69568442.

A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't

答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去,因此應用過去時。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.4 一般將來時

1) shall用於第一人稱,常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用於各人稱,在徵求意見時常用於第二人稱。例如:

Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎?

2) be going to +不定式,表示將來。

a. 主語的意圖,即將做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什麼呢?

b. 計劃,安排要發生的事。例如:The play is going to be proced next month。這出戲下月開播。

c. 有跡象要發生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏雲,快要下雨了。

3) be +不定式表將來,按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。例如:

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。

4) be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如:

He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。

注意:be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.5 be going to / will 用於條件句時,be going to表將來,will表意願。例如:

If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.6 be to和be going to

be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如:

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.7 一般現在時表將來

1)下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什麼時候開?十分鍾後。

2)以here, there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進行。例如:

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。

3)在時間或條件句中。例如:

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來後,讓他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那裡,就寫信給你。

4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如:

I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前,務必把窗戶關了。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.8 用現在進行時表示將來

下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如:

I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.9 現在完成時

現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態,其結果的影響現在還存在;也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成:have (has) +過去分詞。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.10 比較一般過去時與現在完成時

1)一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。

2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。

一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆為具體的時間狀語。

現在完成時的時間狀語:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不確定的時間狀語。

共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3)現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:

I saw this film yesterday. (強調看的動作發生過了)

I have seen this film. (強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了)

Why did you get up so early? (強調起床的動作已發生過了)

Who hasn't handed in his paper? (強調有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭)

He has been in the League for three years. (在團內的狀態可延續)

He has been a League member for three years. (是團員的狀態可持續)

句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。

(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.11 用於現在完成時的句型

1)It is the first / second time.... that…結構中的從句部分,用現在完成時。例如:

It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。

This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。

注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2)This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構,that 從句要用現在完成時。例如:

This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。

典型例題

(1) ---Do you know our town at all?

---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

答案B. This is the first time 後面所加從句應為現在完成時,故選B。

(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?

---No, it's the first time I ___ here.

A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come

答案D. ever意為曾經或無論何時,反意詞為never,此兩詞常用於完成時。

注意:非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。

(錯)I have received his letter for a month.

(對)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.12 比較since和for

Since 用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續時間長度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意:並非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現在已不在這里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(現在我仍在這里工作。)
注意:用句型轉換的方法,很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。
1)(對) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(錯) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然,第二句不對,它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.13 since的四種用法

1) since +過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鍾點、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:

I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在這兒。

2) since +一段時間+ ago。例如:

I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒,已經有五個月了。

3) since +從句。例如:

Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走後,變化可大了。

Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走後,變化可大了。

4) It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如:

It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.14 延續動詞與瞬間動詞

1) 用於完成時的區別

延續動詞表示經驗、經歷; 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如:

He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果)

I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)

2) 用於till / until從句的差異

延續動詞用於肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用於否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:

He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 點才回來。

He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。

典型例題

1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.

A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet

答案B. 首先本題後句強調對現在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several times告知為反復發生的動作,因此用現在完成時。

2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.

---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.

A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be

答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始,持續到現在,應用現在完成時。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.15 過去完成時

1) 概念:表示過去的過去

----|----------|--------|----> 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。

那時以前 那時 現在

2) 用法

a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。例如:

She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。

b. 狀語從句

在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時。例如:

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時,小偷們早就跑了。

c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。

3) 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:

He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

湯姆失望了,因為他到達晚會時,大部分客人已經走了。

典型例題

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前,因此"忘了書"這一動作發生在過去的過去,用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點,表示在"同學們正忙於……"這一背景下,when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。

注意: had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如:

I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。

had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如:

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉眼又賣了。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.16 用一般過去時代替過去完成時

1) 兩個動作如按順序發生,又不強調先後,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一般過去時。例如:

When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起來。

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。

2 ) 兩個動作相繼發生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。例如:

When I heard the news, I was very excited.

3) 敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。例如:

Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.17 將來完成時

1) 構成will have done

2) 概念

a. 狀態完成:表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。例如:

They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時他們結婚將有二十年了。

b. 動作完成:表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前,已經完成的動作或獲得的經驗。例如:

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時,你已經到達上海了。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.18 現在進行時

現在進行時的基本用法:

a. 表示現在(指說話人說話時)正在發生的事情。例如:

We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。

b. 習慣進行:表示長期的或重復性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行。例如:

Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。(說話時並未在寫,只處於寫作的狀態。)

c. 表示漸變,這樣的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:

The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。

It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。

d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態,往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如:

You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。

典型例題

My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.

A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.

答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續的狀態,應用進行時,由於沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應用完成時,瞬間動詞用於否定式時可用於完成時。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.19 不用進行時的動詞

1)表示事實狀態的動詞,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。

This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。

2)表示心理狀態的動詞,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。

He loves her very much. 他愛她很深。

3)瞬間動詞,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:

I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。

4)系動詞,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:

You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點累。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.20 過去進行時

1)概念:表示過去某時正在進行的狀態或動作。

2)過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發生的背景;一個長動作延續的時候,另一個短動作發生。

3) 常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車時摔了下來,受了傷。

It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時,正下著雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到達山頂時,陽光燦爛。

典型例題

1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.

A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes

答案C. 割傷手指是已發生的事情,應用過去時。同時,when表時間的同時性,"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發生的背景,因此用過去進行時。

2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.

A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell

答案B.句中的as = when, while,意為"當……之時"。描述一件事發生的背景時,用過去進行;一個長動作發生的時候,另一個短動作發生。句意為 "在她看報紙時,奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell(fall的過去時),是系動詞,後跟形容詞,如:fall sick。

5. 初二下學期英語1-3單元知識點

1-3單元八年級下
Unit1
1.
免費
be
free
3.
活到200歲
live
to
be
200
years
old
5.
更少的污染
less
pollution
7.
更少地使用地鐵
use
the
subway
less
9.
更多的高樓
more
tall
buildings
11.
十年後
in
ten
years
13.
住的地方
places
to
live
15.
住在太空站
live
on
the
space
station
17.
住在公寓
live
in
an
apartment
19.
一個人住
live
alone/by
oneself
21.
去滑冰
go
skating
23.
看起來很時髦
look
smart
25.
穿著隨意
dress
casually
27.
實現
come
true
29.
在未來
in
the
future
八年級下
Unit
2
argued
with
sb.
與某人生氣
have
an
argument
with
sb.與某人生氣
out
of
style
不時髦的
in
style
時髦的
keep
out
不讓……進入
call
sb.
up
打電話給……
on
the
phone
用電話交談
pay
for
付款
part-time
job
兼職工作
Teen
Talk
青少年論壇
the
same
as
與…同樣的
get
on
相處
as
much
as
possible
盡可能多
all
kinds
of
各種
on
the
other
hand一方面
borrow
sth.
from
sb.向某人借某物
found
out
找出
is
popular
at
school
在學校受歡迎
except
me
除了我
have
a
quick
supper
去吃快餐
not……until
直到……才
try
to
do
試著去做
complain
about
doing
sth.抱怨做某事
seem
to
do
comparing…with
把…與…做比較
think
for
為…著想
find
it
+adj.+to
do
sth.發現做某事很怎樣
learn
to
do
學會做某事
八年級下
Unit
3
barber
shop
理發店
get
out
出去
take
off
起飛
train
station
火車站
come
in
進來
Beijing
International
Airport北京國際機場
hear
about
聽說
take
place
發生
World
Trade
Center世界貿易中心
as…as
和…一樣
in
front
of
在…的前面
clean
my
room打掃我的房間
sleep
late
睡懶覺
make
a
smooth做思木西
cook
dinner
做晚飯
eat
lunch
吃中午飯
cut
hair
剪頭發
have…experience有…經歷
in
the
morning
在早晨
walk
down
走下來
very
surprised
非常驚奇
souvenir
shop
紀念品商店
TV
station
電視台
in
the
museum
在博物館
climb
a
tree
爬樹
jump
down
跳下
take
a
photo
照相
called
the
police報警
rode
his
bicycle
騎自行車
buy
a
newspaper買一份報紙
run
away
逃跑
think
about
考慮…做某事
for
example
舉例子
heard
about
聽說
having
fun
玩的高興
in
silence
在…
told
us
告訴我們
in
space
在太空
over
the
world遍及全世界
became
famous因…而出名
next
to
挨著

6. 人教版初二英語上冊1-3單元知識點

重點片語辨析

今天我們主要總結一下八年級下冊的英語書中的主要片語。與上冊書比起來,下冊書明顯單詞量大了,片語短語的難度也加大了。上一次的學習,我們主要是一個一個模塊的學習,這次我們做一次總結性學習,就是把特點相同,長相相似的短語放在一起學習,以便我們記憶。

1.up系列 up是英文中的一個副詞,主要表示「向上的」,我們在這本書中學過的有:
tidy up 打掃,收拾(起來) Tom, you need to tidy up your room every day.
take up 佔用地方 The new piano will take up too much space.
look up 向上看,查找 She is looking up at the bird.
I will look up the new words in the dictionary.

如果是「向上看」的話,look up和at搭配,畢竟還是偏向「看」的意思

如果是「查找」的話,注意look up後面跟要查找的內容,在哪裡查找放在「in」後面

come up 出現,發生
hurry up 趕快

注意,這是一個不及物的短語,不能用於被動語態

wake up 醒來 The long noise woke him up.
pick up 撿起,接站 I picked up the grass from the floor.
We will pick you up at the station tomorrow.

注意:up這裡面是副詞,表示動作的趨向性或者結果,如果一個片語的賓語恰巧是代詞(像上面最後一句),那麼這個代詞要放在動詞和副詞的中間。

2. on 系列。On 也是英文中比較常見的構成短語的成分,on 主要有三種意思:
(1)在……上面,引申為「依賴」這里on是介詞。主要的短語有:
depend on 依賴,依靠(在……上面) Success depends on hard work.
Perform operation on: 在……身上做手術
On one』s own 獨自(靠自己) He did all the work on his own.

(2)開啟狀態,這裡面「on」是副詞,主要的短語有:
turn on: 打開 (電器設備)
If you want to listen to the news, please turn on the radio.
switch on: 點開(電器設備)
Switch on the computer first, if you want to play games.

(3)保持一種狀態,持續,主要的短語有:
come on: 加油 Come on! Don』t give up.
hold on: 堅持,別掛斷電話:Hold on please, I will get her for you.

基本上,on充當短語一部分離不開這幾個意思,學習上比較如一記憶。

3. off系列。副詞off表示「離開」或者「沒有」,學過的短語主要有:
turn off 關上:這裡面off表示電器設備的「關閉」狀態,與on是反義詞
If you think it is too noisy, I will turn off the radio.
see off 送別:I will see you off at the airport tomorrow.
take off 脫掉:Please take off the coat when you enter the hall.
以上的幾個系列是按照副詞介詞劃分的,下面我們再說說其它形式的。

4. a --- of系列,這個系列,中間放名詞,表示一個集合,常用的有:
a lot of 許多: There are a lot of good girls.
a list of 一欄,一列 The doctor gave me a list of food that I couldn』t eat.
a collection of 一系列(藏品) I have a collection of dolls.
a couple of 幾個 He just stayed here for a couple of minutes
從上面的例子中,我們不難看出,如果這樣的短語後面跟可數名詞,那麼這個名詞一定是復數形式的。

5. as 系列 八年級上冊學過的as 系列的短語特別多,我們就來總結一下。
as well as 也,還有 There are a lot of homework, English as well as Chinese
as long as 只要 I will always be with you as long as you love me.
as soon as 一……就…… I will give you a call as soon as I arrive there.

以上這三個片語都是as + 形容詞原級+as的用法,它們本身的意思是「像……一樣……」,如as long as是「像……一樣長」但是我們這里給的例子都是它們的引申義,但是as系列的短語還沒有完:

such as 例如(經常用於列舉)I have many hobbies such as piano, movie, etc.
as a result: 結果是 As a result of the bad marks, he was not allowed to play computer games.

6. end 系列,再此系列中,我們主要講三個短語,分別是:
at the end 在―盡頭處,末尾處 by the end 截止到in the end 最終,最後

at the end可以和時間,地點隨意搭配,我們可以說:
I met him at the end of last year. 我去年的年底見過他。(和時間搭配)
I saw him at the end of the street. 我是在街的盡頭看到他的。
At the end of常和一般時態(一般現在時,一般過去時)搭配

By the end of只能夠和時間搭配,我們可以說:
He has earned eight thousand dollars by the end of this month.
截止到這個月末,他已經掙了8000美元了。
By the end of常和完成時態搭配,表示從過去到現在。

In the end 首先,這個短語沒有of,它是單獨使用的,表示最終
In the end, the prince and the princess lived ever after.
最終,王子和公主快樂的生活在一起。
與這個短語有著相近意思的還有:finally, at last.

7. 一些時間狀語短語
(1)right now 現在,其實就是now,加上right表示強調,如:
Right now, we are climbing the mountain. 現在我們正在登山。
有right now的句子一般都是現在完成時。

(2)day by day 一天接一天,表示不停歇,如:
She works hard day by day. 她一天接一天的努力工作。
這個時間狀語主要用於一般時態(一般現在時,一般過去時)

(3)at the end of 在結束的時候 和一般時態搭配

(4)by the end of 截止到 和完成時態搭配

8. 一些可以用於邏輯轉換或者語氣轉化的短語
(1)after all: 畢竟,如:

Don』t blame him. After all, he didn』t intend to make the mistake.

別責備他。畢竟他不是成心犯錯誤。

(2)by the way 順便說一下,用於突然轉換話題,如:
It is nice talking to you. By the way, can you give me your phone number?
和你聊天和愉快。對了,能告訴我電話號碼么?

(3)in fact: 事實上,如:
Don』t ask me about the problem. In fact, I know nothing about it.
別問我這個問題。事實上,我在這方面一竅不通。

(4)at least 至少,如:
In the summer vacation, we have at least one month off.
在暑假中,我們至少有一個月可以休假。

(5)in spite of 盡管有(後面跟名詞),如:
They won the game in the end in spite of the difficulties.
盡管有困難,他們還是取得了比賽的勝利。

(6)to some extent 從某種程度上講,注意extent不可數,如:
To some extent, Shakespeare is a promoter of English culture.
從某種程度上講,莎士比亞是英國文化的推廣者。

從以上所給的例句中,我們可以發現,這些例句都有比較明確的上下文,的確,對於這種短語而言,上下文非常重要。而且用邏輯通順的連詞片語填空越來越成為各種考試的重點,無論是單項選擇還是完形填空,補全對話都傾向於這樣的考核模式,所以同學們要多加小心。

9. to 系列。
我們學過的to有兩種詞性,ask sb. to do sth.裡面的to是不定式的標志,後面跟動詞原形,這里我們不作說明。我們主要談談to充當介詞的用法,主要例子有:
belong to 屬於,如:
If you can answer my question correctly, all the money will belong to you.
give one』s life to 把生命獻給,如:
He gave his life to fighting for the freedom of the country.
他把生命獻給了爭取國家自由的斗爭。

當to充當介詞的時候,它一般表示方向,就像一個箭頭,比如belong to 「to」後面跟什麼,這個箭頭就指向誰,主語就屬於誰。我們再使用的時候一定要小心。 初二常考詞彙再現

撰稿:周可勇 校對:陳麗萍

復習提示:
在我們過去兩年的英語學習測試中,有一些詞的考試頻率很高,我們在此列出一些供大家復習鞏固一下記憶。
1.make
be made from 由……原料製成 (不能看出原材料)
be made of 由……原料製成(能看出原材料)
A desk is made of wood. 桌子是由木材製成的。
Paper is made from wood too. 紙是由木材製成的

相關搭配:
make a mistake 犯錯誤 make the bed 鋪床
make a fire 生火 make fun of 譏笑
make a law 制定法律 make of 組成
make progress 取得進步 make a phone call 打一個電話
make up one』s mind 下決心 make money 賺錢
make use of 利用 make a living 謀生
make friends with... 和......交朋友 make a face 做鬼臉

2.take
1) v. 拿走,帶到某處去: take away 拿走,拿開;take-away a. 可帶走的
2) v. 喝,吃,服:take medicine服葯
3) v.乘坐;佔用;買下;量取
You can take a bus to go there. 你可以乘公共汽車去那。
I』ll take two pounds of tea. 我要買兩磅茶葉。
take pressure 量血壓 take one's temperature 量體溫
4) v.花費:it takes sb. sometime to do sth.
It took me two hours to reach school. 花了我兩個小時才到學校。
5) take的其他相關搭配:
take off 脫掉 take care of 照顧
take on 呈現 take out 拿出
take over 接管 take part in 參加
take up 開始從事 take place 發生

3.take place與 happen
這兩個詞都表示發生的意思,但含義各不相同。happen一般指事故,事情的發生,具有偶然性;而take place指事先安排或計劃了的事情、事件的發生,沒有偶然性。
This happened in New York. 這事發生在紐約。
Great changes have taken place in our country. 我們國家發生了巨大的變化。

4.game, match與sports
game指必須遵守一定規則的、決定勝負的游戲。另外,games一般指大型國際體育運動會,如the Olympic Games奧林匹克運動會。

match是在英國常用的「比賽」表達,美國常用game。sport統指一切運動方式或戶外消遣,可以是娛樂性的,也可以是競賽性的,如打球、游泳、釣魚、打獵等。另外,sport還可指運動會= sports meet.

Skiing is a splendid sport.滑雪是一項極好的運動。

5.have
have a cold/fever/headache 感冒/發燒/頭痛
have a good time. 玩得很高興 enjoy oneself 玩得很高興
We had a good time (enjoyed oneself)at the party. 聚會上我們玩得很開心。
have sth. done 表示「請(使)人完成某事」。
I had my bicycle mended yesterday.
have been to 和 have gone to:
have been to「曾經到過某地」,人已不在那個地方。have gone to「至某地去了」,表示人未回來。
My father has been to Beijing. 我父親到過北京。(現在已不在那兒)
My father has gone to Beijing. 我父親到北京去了。(仍在那裡或在路上)

6.be able to與can
be able to和can都是「能,會」之意,但前者可用於各種時態,can只能用於現在時,不能用將來時。
I won』t be able to see him today. 今天我見不到他。
He can speak Russian. 他會說俄語。

7. 八年級下冊123單元的所有知識點,片語,句型 急啊

Unit 1: How often do you exercise?
【復習目標】
會使用頻率副詞及短語;
能描述課余時間的活動安排;
會描述基本飲食結構。
【語言目標】

● What do you usually do on weekends?
I sometimes go to the beach.
● How often do you eat vegetables?
Every day.
● Most students do homework every day.
【重點詞彙】
● always, usually , often, sometimes , hardly , ever, never.
● how often, once , twice , three times a week , every day.
● milk, junk food, health, unhealthy, habit, exercise, most, result, try, different
maybe, although, arm, foot, tooth, ear, eye, advice, thirsty ,forget, finish, plan .
【應掌握的片語】

1. go to the movies 去看電影
2. look after = take care of 照顧
3. surf the internet 上網
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skate boarding 去劃板
6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康
7. exercise=take(much)exercise=do sports鍛煉
8. eating habits 飲食習慣
9. take more exercise 做更多的運動
10. the same as 與什麼相同
11. be different from 不同
12. once a month一月一次
13. twice a week一周兩次
14. make a difference to 對什麼有影響
15. how often 多久一次
16. although = though雖然
17. most of the students=most students
18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 購物
19. as for至於
20. activity survey活動調查
21. do homework做家庭作業
22. do house work做家務事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉
24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 對什麼有益
26. be bad for對什麼有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事
28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 盡量做某事
30. come home from school放學回家
31. of course = certainly = sure當然
32. get good grades取得好成績
33. some advice
34. hardly=not nearly / almost not幾乎不
35. keep/be in good health保持健康
36.be stressed緊張的,有壓力的
37. take a vacation 去度假
48.get back 回來

【應掌握的句子】
1. How often do you exercise? 你(你們)多久鍛煉一次身體?
How often + 助動詞do(does或did) + 主語 + do sth.? 疑問詞how often是問頻率(多久一次),(在這里助動詞do(does或did) 是起幫助構成疑問的作用)與一般現在時或一般過去時連用,回答一般是用表示頻率的副詞,如:once, twice, three times…, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month , three times a month , three or four times a month 等。
翻譯:「你們多久到工廠去一次?」「每星期兩次。」
(「How often do you go to the factory?」 「Twice a week. 」)
「他們多長時間舉辦一次舞會?」「通常每兩周舉辦一次。」
(「How often do they have a dancing party?」 「Usually, once every other week.」)
「他多久去購一次物?」「一個月一次。」
(「How often does he go shopping?」 「He goes shopping once a month.」)
2. 「What do you usually do on weekends?」 「 I usually play soccer.」
「周末你通常做什麼?」「我通常踢足球。」
第一個do為助動詞, 在這起幫助構成疑問的作用;而第二個do則是實義動詞。
翻譯: What do you usually do on weekends? I often go to the movies.
What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking.
3. 「What』s your favorite program?」 「It』s Animal World.」
「你最喜歡什麼節目?」「動物世界。」
4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .
as for...意思是「至於;關於」,常用於句首作狀語,其後跟名詞、代詞或動詞的-ing形式(即動名詞)。如: As for him,I never want to see him here. 至於他,我永遠不希望在這里見到。
As for the story,you'd better not believe it. 關於那故事,你最好不要相信。
翻譯:至於我自己,我現在不想去。 (As for myself, I don』t want to go now. )
至於那個人,我什麼都不知道。(As for the man, I know nothing about him.)
5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .
want to do sth. 意思是「想要做某事」;
want sb. to do sth.意思是「想要某人做某事」。如:
Do you want to go to the movies with me?你想和我一起去看電影嗎?
The teacher doesn't want us to eat hamburgers.老師不想讓我們吃漢堡包。
6. She says it』s good for my health.
be good for...表示「對……有益(有好處)」;其反義為:be bad for...。(這里for 是介詞,後跟名詞、代詞或動名詞)
如:It's good for us to do more reading. 多讀書對我們有好處。
Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上讀書對你的眼睛有害。
7. How many hours do you sleep every night?
8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .
9. My eating habits are pretty good .這里pretty相當於very 。
10. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .
try to do sth.表示「 盡力做某事 」 ,不包含是否成功的意思而try doing sth.表示「(用某一辦法)試著去做某事」。
如: You』d better try doing the experiment in another way.
你最好試試用另一種方法做這個試驗。
11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.
help sb.(to) do sth.幫助某人做某事
12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.
這里better是well的比較級,而不是good的比較級
13. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?
=Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from yours? be the same as … / be different from …
14. What sports do you play ?
15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health .
keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy
16. You must try to eat less meat .
try to do sth.表示「 盡力做某事 」 ,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比較級
17. That sounds interesting.
這是「主語+系動詞+表語」結構的簡單句。sound(聽起來),look(看起來),smell
(聞起來),taste(嘗起來),feel(覺得),seem(好象),grow(變得),get
(變得)等詞在英語中可用作系動詞,後跟形容詞作表語。如:
It tastes good. 這味道好。
The music sounds very sweet. 這音樂聽起來很入耳。
The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 煙霧變得越來越濃了。
【詞語辨析】
一、maybe / may be
1. The baby is crying she is hungry.
2. The woman a teacher .
maybe 是副詞,意為「大概, 可能,或許」,一般用於句首。May be是情態動詞,意為「可能是..,也許是..,大概是..」.
二、a few / few / a little / little
1. people can live to 100,but people can live to 150.
2. There is time left, I don』t catch the first bus.
3. Could you give me milk?

a few (少數的,幾個,一些) a little (一點兒,少量) 表示肯定
few (很少的,幾乎沒有的) little (很少的,幾乎沒有的) 表示否定
修飾可數名詞 修飾不可數名詞
三、none / no one
1、 of the pens are mine .
2、 is in the classroom.
none指人或物,強調數量,用how many提問,常與of連用。no one 多指人,強調「無人」這種狀態,用who提問,不可與of連用,作主語時,其謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。
四、hard / hardly
1. The ground is too to dig
2. I can understand them.
3. It』s raining ,the people can go outside.
hard作形容詞,意為「困難的,艱苦的,硬的」;作副詞,意為「努力地,猛烈地」。Hardly意為「幾乎不」。

Unit 2 What』s the matter?
【復習目標】
● 掌握身體各部位名稱的英文表達方式
● 能表述身體的種種不適以及對他人身體的種種不適給予適當的建議
【語言目標】
● What』s the matter? I have a headache.
● You should drink some tea. The sounds like a good idea.
● I have a sore back. That』s too bad . I hope you feel better soon.
● 【重點詞彙】
● head, nose, eye, ear, tooth, neck, stomach, back, leg, arm, foot, throat
● thirsty, stressed out,/ dentist, lie, rest, honey, water, illness, advice.
● cold, fever, headache, toothache, stomachache, sore throat
【應掌握的片語】

1. Have a cold 感冒
2. sore back 背痛
3. neck and neck 並駕齊驅,齊頭並進
4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛
= I have got a stomachache
= There is something wrong with my stomach
= My stomach hurts
= I have (got) a pain in my stomach
5. What』s the matter? 怎麼了?
= What』s the trouble (with you)?
= What』s your trouble?
= What』s wrong (with you)?
= What』 the matter (with you)?
=What has happened to you?
= Is there anything wrong (with you)? = what』s up?
6. sore throat 咽喉痛
7. lie down and rest 躺下休息
8. see a dentist 看牙醫
9. drink lots of water 多喝水
10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的熱茶
11.That』s a good idea 好主意
12.That』s too bad 太糟糕了
13.I think so 我認為如此
14. I』m not feeling well. 我覺得不太舒服
= I』m not feeling fine/all right.
= I』m feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad.
= I don』t feel well.
15. get some rest 多休息
16. I have no idea = I don』t know 我不知道
17. stressed out 筋疲力盡
18. I am tired 我累了 He is tired. 他累了
19. a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
20. traditional Chinese doctors傳統中醫
21. a balance of yin and yang陰陽調和
22. you have too much yin.你陰氣太盛
23. to eat a balance diet飲食平衡
24. healthy food 健康食品
25. stay healthy 保持健康
=keep healthy=keep in good health
= keep fit
26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代詞) 玩得高興,過得愉快
=have a good time = have a wonderful time
= have fun
27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名詞)喜歡某物,
enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事=like dong sth
practice doing sth.練習做某事,
mind doing sth. 介意做某事,
finish doing sth.完成某事,
give up doing sth.放棄做某事,
can』t help doing sth.忍不住做某事,
keep ding sth. 堅持做某事. (keep on doing sth. / keep sb. doing sth. )
be busy doing sth. 忙著做某事
be used to doing sth.習慣於做某事
make a contribution to doing sth.為..做貢獻
go on doing sth. 繼續做某事
forget doing sth.忘記做某事
remember doing sth. 記得做某事
spend....(in) doing sth. 花(時間)來做某事
prefer doing sth.to doing sth.比起(做...)來更願意(做...)
28. at the moment = now 此刻
29. Host family 東道家庭
30. Conversation practice會話練習
31. I』m sorry to hear that.聽到此事我很難過

【應掌握的句子】
1. What』s the matter? I have a bad cold. 你怎麼了?我得了重感冒。
翻譯:他怎麼了?他胃痛。 魏芳怎麼了?她背痛。
2.Maybe you should see a dentist. 或許你應該看牙醫。
翻譯:我應該上床睡覺。
李平應該躺下休息。 我們不應該上課吃東西。
3.I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你很快好起來。
翻譯:我希望他明天能來。
4.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy.
傳統中醫認為我們需要陰陽調和以保持身體健康。
翻譯:老師認為我們應該努力學習以取得好成績。

我相信每天晚上睡眠8個小時很重要。

5.Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this.
吃黨參和黃芪等草本植物也對這有好處。
翻譯:吃一些蔬菜和水果對你的健康有好處。
看電視太多對你的眼睛有害。
6.People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.
太緊張易怒的人或許吃了太多的陽性食物。
7.It』s easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and it』s important to eat a balanced diet.
有一個健康的生活方式很容易,飲食平衡是很重要的。
翻譯:學好英語不是很容易的。
上課注意聽講是必要的。
完成作業也很重要。
8.When you are tired, you shouldn』t go out at night. 疲倦時,晚上你不該外出。
翻譯:他小的時候就知道應該努力學習。
他5歲就上學了。
我們進教室時,老師已經開始講課了。
9.I believe him, but I can』t believe in him.
他的話是真的,但是我不信任他這個人。
10.I am not feeling very well at the moment. 這段時間我感覺不大好。
I』m tired and I have a lot of headaches. 我很疲勞,而且經常頭痛。
11.I』m stressed out because my Mandarin isn』t improving.
我很容易緊張,因為普通話沒有長進。
12.I practice playing the piano every day.我每天練習彈鋼琴。
翻譯:他每天練習踢足球。
我們應該每天練習說英語。
13.She had finished writing the letter when I went in.
我進去時,她已經寫完信了。
翻譯:他踢完足球去游泳了。
我洗完餐具後去商店了。
14.The doctor asked him to give up smoking.醫生叫他戒煙。
翻譯:不要放棄學英語。
15.Do you mind closing the window? 請把窗戶關上好嗎?
翻譯:在這里吸煙你介意嗎?
16.Mary couldn』t help laughing at his jokes.對於他的玩笑,瑪莉忍不住笑了。
翻譯:聽到這個消息,我忍不住哭了起來。
17.They kept working though it was raining.盡管天在下雨,他們仍堅持工作。
翻譯:我們應該堅持學英語。

其餘的請留郵箱,我再發給你,這里發不完

8. 初二英語上冊第1-3單元知識點及短語並造句!少點!

always(總是) > usually (通常) > often(經常) > sometimes(有時) > hardly ever(很少) > never(從不)
once a week 一周一次(「一次」用特殊詞 once) twice a day 一天兩次(「兩次」用特殊詞 twice)
three times a month 一個月三次(三次或三次以上用 基數詞 + times 的結構構成)
four times a year 一年四次 how often 多久一次 how long 多久 how soon 還有多久 how far 多遠 as for 至於;關於 how many 多少(針對可數名詞) how much 多少(針對不可數名詞)of course = sure 當然;確信 look after = take care of = care for 照顧;照看 every day 每一天 everyday 日常的 a lot of = lots of = plenty of 許多;大量 hardly ever 幾乎不 be good for 對……有益 be good for one's health 有益健康 try to do sth. 嘗試做某事 get good grades 取得好成績 help sb. [to] do sth. 幫助某人做某 kind of 有點 want [sb.] to do sth. 想要(某人)做某事 keep in good health = keep healthy 保持健康
Unit 2 What's the matter?
重點句型 What』s the matter? I』m not feeling well. You should lie down and rest. Should為情態動詞,表應該。(附:情態動詞的用法) Maybe you should go to the dentist. Maybe 副詞,放句首 may be 則是情態動詞may+動詞原形,位於句中。
重點詞彙及短語: have a cold 患感冒 shouldn't = should no be stressed out 緊張的;有壓力的
a few 有些;幾個(針對可數名詞 a little [bit] 有些;幾個(針對不可數名詞) few和 little表示幾乎沒有 many 修飾可數名詞 much 修飾不可數名詞 at the moment 此刻;現在(注意時態用進行時)
What's the matter? = What's wrong? = What's the problem? 怎麼了? lie down and rest 躺下休息 see a doctor 看病 hope to do sth. 希望做某 hope sb ○to do sth希望某人做某事 listen to 聽 hear 聽見 for example 舉個例子 be good for 對……有益
get tired 感到疲倦 stay healthy 保持健康 give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物給某人 (同樣用法的還有show , send , pass ) need to do sth. 需要做某事 need doing 需要被做 need還可以在疑問句和否定句中作情態動詞。在陳述句中則為實義動詞。如Need I finish all my homework? You need to do some of them.
it's + adj. +(for sb)+ to do sth. 做某事(對某人來說)……(加形容詞)= doing sth is + adj + (for sb)