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英語語法專業知識點

發布時間: 2025-03-27 12:51:39

❶ 初中英語語法知識總結:從句

一 名詞性從句:
1. 主要包括主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句和同位語從句. 一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which, whom, whether, how 引起.
2. 主語從句很多情況下都可以放到句子後面,而用代詞it作形式上的主語. :
3. 形式賓語
4. 由名詞性關系代詞whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的賓語從句
5. whether and if 都能引導從句, 但用法有所不同. 當主語從句直接位於句首時,應用whether,而不用if. Whether 後能直接or not, 但if 不能.
Whether he will come or not is not known.
6. 在名詞reason後的表語從句必須用that引導, 不可誤用 because.
The reason why he is often late for class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning.

二: 定語從句
1. 引導定語從句的關系詞有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which. 在非限制定語從句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整個句子, 多用which.
2. 當引導定語從句的先行詞前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等詞, 或先行詞前為形容詞最高級所修飾時,或先行詞為all, anything, nothing, something, everything 時,從句的引導詞只能用that.
3. as 可做引導詞引導定語從句, 多和such, the same 連用. As 引導的定語從句也可修飾整個句子, 既可放在先行詞後,也可放在句子開頭.
4. 介詞+which/whom/whose從句
5. 代/名+介詞+which 從句
6. 同位語從句和定語從句
三 狀語從句:

修飾主句中的動詞, 形容詞和副詞, 通常有從屬連詞引導, 按其意義和作用可分為時間, 地點, 條件, 原因, 讓步, 目的, 結果, 方式, 比較.等
1. 時間狀語從句:
1) 常見連詞有 after, as, before, once, since, till, (not)until, when, whenever(no matter when), while, as long as, as soon as etc.
2) no sooner…than, hardly(scarcely, barely)…when: 剛做…就….
3) 還有 immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, every time etc
2. 地點狀語從句: 一般用where or wherever 引導
3. 條件狀語從句:真實條件從句:if, unless, so long as, provided that, supposing that, on condition that, in the event that, in case that etc
4. 原因狀語從句: 從屬連詞有because, as ,since, for, now, that, in that, seeing that, considering that(鑒於,由於)
5. 讓步狀語從句:
1): even if, though, even though, while(盡管) no matter what/how/which, however, whatever, whichever, however etc.
2) 由as 引起的讓步從句, 語氣較強烈,被強調的詞須放在句首.
3) whether…or,不管…或…
6. 結果狀語從句: so that, so…that, such…that
7. 目的狀語從句: so that, in order that, for fear that, lest, in case
8. 方式狀語從句: as, just as, as if: 如同…一樣
9. 比較狀語從句:
1) as…as, not so/as…as
2) 比較級+than, so much/a lot more than
3) no more…than, not more…than, less…than
4) the more…the more

❷ 英語的一些基礎和知識

1、所有格:He is Fred'sbest friend.(+'s)
2、動詞現在時的第三人稱單數:Alfredo works.(+s)
3、動詞過去式:Fred worked.(+ed),但亦有不規則變化。
4、現在分詞/進行時態:Fred is working.(+ing)([注]如果動詞的末音節為輔音結尾的閉音節,則須雙寫末輔音,如running)
5、過去分詞:The car was stolen.(+en);Fred has talkedto the police.(+ed),但亦有不規則變化。
6、動名詞:Working is good for the soul.(+ing)
7、名詞的復數:Fred has two blue eyes.(+s)([注]如果動詞的尾字是s,sh,x,ch,則需加+es,如dishes)
8、形容詞的比較級:Fred is smarter than Rick.(+er)形容詞末尾加+er,多音節在前面」加more,如"more difficult"。
9、形容詞的最高級:Fred has the fastest car.(+est)形容詞末尾加+est,多音節詞在前面加most,如"the most difficult"。
英語的基本語序為SVO,且基本上不能任意變換語序,除了在少數詩詞以外;另一方面,有時英語會使用OSV的語序。(註:S:Subject[主語];V:Verbal phrase[謂語];O:Object[賓語])
詞性簡介
英語中所有的詞可分成十大類兩部分,實詞(national word)和虛詞(form word)。每一類詞在句子中都有其特定的位置和作用。這十大詞類是:
實詞
一、 名詞(n.):表示人或事物的名稱的詞。如:guy(人) suggest(建議)
二、 形容詞(adj.):表示人或事物的特徵的詞。如:interesting(感興趣)red(紅的)
三、 副詞(adv.):修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞的詞。如:luckily(幸運地) happily(快樂地)
四、 代詞(pron.):是代替名詞、形容詞和量詞的詞。如:he(他) they(她們)
五、 數詞(num.):表示數量和順序的詞,有基數詞和序數詞。
六、 動詞(v.):表示動作或狀態的詞。
非謂語動詞(虛詞)
分為不定式、動名詞、現在分詞 如:put(把) go(走)
七、冠詞(art.):與名詞連用,其說明人或事物的作用。如:the(這) an(母音音素前的一個)
八、介詞(prep.):通常置於名詞和代詞之前,表示名詞和代詞與其他詞的關系。
九、連詞(conj. ):連接詞與詞、短語與短語、句子與句子的詞。
十、感嘆詞(interj.):表示說話人感情或語氣的詞。
助動詞和情態動詞
有be,do,have,will,would,shall,should
助動詞本身無意義,不能單獨作謂語,其作用是輔助實義動片語成謂語。
情態動詞沒有實義動詞的各種變化。情態動詞後+動詞原形
時態概述
英語共有十六個時態、四個體。(註:四個體為——一般、進行、完成、完成進行。)
英語中的四個體相當於法語、西班牙語以及所有印歐語系羅曼語族中 的式,如:直陳式,命令式等。
時態詳解
一般現在時
基本形式(以do為例)
肯定句:主語+動詞原形+其他;
He works for us.
否定句:主語+don『ts/doesn't+動詞原形+其他;
He doesn't work for us.
一般疑問句:Did/Do/Does+主語+動詞原形+其他;
肯定回答:Yes,(+ 主語+Did/do/does);
否定回答:No,(+主語+don't/doesn't.);
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句語;
Does he work for us?
Yes,he does.
No,he doesn't
What does he do for us?
He works for us.
一般過去時
be動詞+行為動詞的過去式
否定句式:在行為動詞前加didn』t,同時還原行為動詞,或was/were+not;
was或were放於句首;用助動詞do的過去式did提問,同時還原行為動詞;
例如:Did he work for us?
He didn't work for us.
He worked for us.
一般將來時
am/are/is+going to+do 或
will/shall+do
am/is/are/about to + do
am/is/are to + do;
一般將來時的表達方法
be going to +動詞原形
be +不定式,be to+動詞原形,be about to +動詞原形
be able to +不定式
be about to+動詞原形
will + 動詞原形;
例如:He is going to work for us.
He will work for us;
He is coming.這是特殊的用一般現在時表達將來時態的例子
過去將來時
be(was,were)going to+動詞原形
be(was,were)about to+動詞原形
be(was,were)to+動詞原形
肯定句:主語+be(was,were)going to+動詞原形~.
否定句:主語+be(was,were)not going to+動詞原形~.
疑問句:Be(Was,Were)+主語+going to+動詞原形~?
肯定句:主語+would(should)+動詞原形~.
否定句:主語+would(should)not+動詞原形~.
疑問句:Would(Should)+主語+動詞原形~?
He would work for us.
現在進行時
主語+be+v.ing〔現在分詞〕形式(其中v表示動詞)
表示現在正在進行的動作或最近在做的事。
例如:I am buying a book.
第一人稱+am+doing+sth
第二人稱+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式)
第三人稱+is+doing+sth
例:He is working.
過去進行時
肯定句:主語+was/were+doing+其它
否定句:主語+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑問句及答語:Was/Were+主語+doing+其它 ;答語:Yes,I主語+was/were./No,I主語+wasn't/weren't.
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+was/were+主語+doing+其它
He was working when he was alive.
將來進行時
主語+will + be +現在分詞
He will be working for us.=He will work for us.
過去將來進行時
should(would)+be+現在分詞
He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.
現在完成時
基本結構:主語+have/has+過去分詞(done)
①肯定句:主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他
②否定句:主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他
③一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他 肯定回答:Yes+主語+have/has 否定回答:No+主語+have/has
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他\
He has worked for us for ten years.
Has he worked for us for ten years?
過去完成時
基本結構:主語+had+過去分詞(done)
①肯定句:主語+had+過去分詞+其他
②否定句:主語+had+not+過去分詞+其他
③一般疑問句:Had+主語+過去分詞+其他
肯定回答:Yes,主語+had
否定回答:No,主語+hadn't
④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句(had+主語+過去分詞+其他)
語法判定:
( 1 ) by + 過去的時間點。如:
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 ) by the end of + 過去的時間點。如:
We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
( 3 ) before + 過去的時間點。如:
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
將來完成時
(shall)will+have+動詞過去分詞
before+將來時間或by+將來時間
before或by the time引導的現在時的從句
He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.
過去將來完成時
should / would have done sth.
He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.
現在完成進行時
基本與現在完成時相同,但是現在完成進行時只能表示仍然持續的概念
have/has been +-ing 分詞
He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years.
過去完成進行時
had been +-ing 分詞
He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.
將來完成進行時
主語+ shall/will have been doing
He will have been working for us.=He will work for us.
翻譯為:他最近一直在為我們工作(過去在工作,現在在工作,將來還會工作)
過去將來完成進行時
should+have been+現在分詞用於第一人稱
would have been+現在分詞用於其他人稱
He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work for us.
舉例:
英語中有12個主要時態,都來自於三時(過去、現在、將來)

❸ 初一都應該知道那些英語知識,詞性,語法都應該知道哪些呢

樓主,您好一、初一英語語法——詞法
1、名詞
A)、名詞的數
我們知道名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞,而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式,但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分,復數的構成如下:
一)在後面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二)x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o結尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五)以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)單復數相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有復數,沒有單數的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)單詞形式不變,既可以和帆沖是單數也可以是復數的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學, family家,家庭成員
九)合成的復數一般只加主要名詞,多數為後一個單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數則同時為復數。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的單復數意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
十一) 單個字母的復數可以有兩種形式直接加s或』s。如:Is (I』s), Ks (K』s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B)名詞的格

當我們要表示某人的什麼東西或人時,我們就要使用所有格形式。構成如下:

一)單數在後面加』s。如:brother』s, Mike』s, teacher』s

二)復數以s結尾的直接在s後加』,如果不是以s結尾的與單數一樣處理。如:Teachers』 Day教師節, classmates』; Children』s Day六一節, Women』s Day三八節

三)由and並列的名詞所有時,如果是共同所有同一人或物時,只加最後一個』s,但分別擁有時喚殲卻分別按單數形式處理。如:Mike and Ben』s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike』s and Ben』s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)轎謹

2、代詞

項目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱 單數 I me my mine myself
復數 we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱 單數 you you your yours yourself
復數 you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱 單數 she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
復數 they them their theirs these those themselves
3、動詞
A) 第三人稱單數
當動詞是第三人稱單數時,動詞應該像名詞的單數變動詞那樣加s,如下:
一)一般在詞後加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o結尾加es。如:does, goes
五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B) 現在分詞
當我們說某人正在做什麼事時,動詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構成如下:
一)一般在後加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不發音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重讀閉音節結尾且一個母音字母+一個輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最後的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie結尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位於4、形容詞的級
我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時,則要使用比較或最高級形式。構成如下:
一) 一般在詞後加er或est(如果是以e結尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest

二)以重讀閉音節結尾且1個母音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結尾的雙寫結尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

三) 以輔音字母+y結尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠)

good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
5、數詞 (基變序,有規則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它後接th;y結尾,變為i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、初一英語語法——句式
1.陳述句
肯定陳述句 a) This is a book. (be動詞)

b) He looks very young. (連系動詞)

c) I want a sweat like this. (實義動詞)

d) I can bring some things to school. (情態動詞)

e) There』s a computer on my desk. (There be結構)

否定陳述句 a) These aren』t their books. b) They don』t look nice.

c) Kate doesn』t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can』t find her doll.

e) There isn』t a cat here. (=There』s no cat here.)

2. 祈使句

肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let』s learn English!

c) Come in, please.

否定祈使句a) Don』t be late. b) Don』t hurry.

3. 疑問句

1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?

d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?

肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.

否定回答: a) No, he isn』t. b) No, you can』t. c) No, she doesn』t. d) No, they don』t. e) No, she isn』t.

2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small? 回答 It』s big./ It』s small.

3) 特殊疑問句

① 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.

② 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.

③ 問身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.

④ 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.

How do we contact you? My e-mail address is [email protected].

⑤ 問原因 Why do you want to join the club?

⑥ 問時間 What』s the time? (=What time is it?) It』s a quarter to ten a.m..

What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o』clock.

When do you want to go? Let』s go at 7:00.

⑦ 問地方 Where』s my backpack? It』s under the table.

⑧ 問顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.

What』s your favourite color? It』s black.

⑨ 問人物 Who』s that? It』s my sister.

Who is the boy in blue? My brother.

Who isn』t at school? Peter and Emma.

Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?

⑩ 問東西 What』s this/that (in English)? It』s a pencil case.

What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.

11問姓名 What』s your aunt』s name? Her name is Helen./She』s Helen.

What』s your first name? My first name』s Ben.

What』s your family name? My family name』s Smith.

12 問哪一個 Which do you like? I like one in the box.

13 問字母 What letter is it? It』s big D/small f.

14 問價格 How much are these pants? They』re 15 dollars.

15 問電話號碼 What』s your phone number? It』s 576-8349.

16 問謂語(動作) What』s he doing? He』s watching TV.

17 問職業(身份) What do you do? I』m a teacher.

What』s your father? He』s a doctor.

三、初一英語語法——時態

1、一般現在時 表示普遍、經常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現在時,它有:

Be 動詞:She』s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn』t a worker.

情態動詞:I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can』t play the piano.

行為動詞:They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don』t want to eat any tomatoes.

Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn』t have a watch.

2、現在進行時 表示動詞在此時正在發生或進行就使用進行時態,結構為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.

I』m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I』m not playing baseball.

Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn』t writing a letter.

They』re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren』t listening to the pop music.謝謝採納!

❹ 英語十大詞性用法

1、名詞:noun n.表示人或事物的名稱。舉例: milk 牛奶。

2、代詞:pronoun pron.代替名詞、數詞、形容詞等,來進行句式簡化。舉例:it 它。

3、形容詞:adjective adj.用來修飾名詞,表示人或事物的特徵 。舉例:happy 高興的。

4、副詞: adverb adv.表示數目或順序 。舉例: quickly 迅速地。

5、動詞:verb v.表示動作或狀態。舉例 :cut 砍、割。

6、數詞:numeral num.修飾動、形、副等詞,表示動作特徵 。舉例 :three 三。

7、冠詞:article art.用在名詞前,幫助說明名詞所指的范圍。舉例: a 一個。

8、介詞:preposition prep.用在名詞或代詞前,說明它與別的詞的關系 。舉例:at 在...

9、連詞:conjunction conj.表示人或事物的名稱。舉例:and 和。

10、感嘆詞:interjection interj.代替名詞、數詞、形容詞等。舉例:oh 哦。

(4)英語語法專業知識點擴展閱讀

1、名詞可作主語、賓語,有時也可作定語。

2、.動詞,可用作謂語,不定式to do等。

3、形容詞可作定語修飾名詞,也可單獨使用,作表語。

4、副詞可單獨使用,也可以修飾動詞和形容詞。

5、代詞可作主語,也可作賓語或者表語。

6、介詞可與動詞構成片語,也可以與名詞構成介詞短語,作表語、狀語等。

7、數詞作定語與名詞共用,或者構成時間。

8、連詞,顧名思義,連接兩個句子,並能表示兩個句子之間的關系。

9、冠詞,加在名詞前面,表示限定(the)和數量(a/an)。

10、感嘆詞用於表達一種驚奇,生氣,喜悅等感情。

❺ 高中英語語法知識歸納

一、非謂語動詞

「非謂語動詞」可分為動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞。它在句子中的作用很多:除了不作謂語外,它可以充當主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語與復合賓語(主語補語或賓語補語)。有些及物動詞後面接不帶to的不定式作復合賓語。這些動詞歸納如下:一感(feel).二聽(hear,listen to),三讓(have,1et, make),四看(see,watCh,notice,observe)。再加上help somebody(to)do something和美國英語look at somebody do somthing。還有「二讓」屬特殊:get somebody to do something 與keep somebody doing。而有些及物動詞後面接動名詞(the -ing form)作賓語。這些動詞歸納為一句話:Papa C makes friends。這是由如下動詞的開頭字母組成:permit,advise, practise,avoid,consider,mind, allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish,risk,imagine,escape,need,delay,stand(忍受)。 為了容易記住,也可以編成順口溜:「允許完成練習,建議避免冒險,考慮延期逃跑,喜歡保持想像,需要反對忍受」。其相對應的動詞依次是:permit/allow,finish,practise;
advise/suggest, avoid,risk: consider, delay, escape/miss; enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require,mind. can't help/can』t stand。

二、復合句

1、學生最容易混淆的是定語從句與同位語從句的區別。

例如:A、The news that our team has won the match is true. (同位語從句)
B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here. (定語從句)

關鍵的區別在於連接或關系代詞that:有意義的是定語, 無意義的是同位。因為引導定語從句的that在從句中作主語或 賓語,而引導同位語從句的that只起到連接詞的作用。

2、接著容易混淆的是引導定語從句的關系代詞that與 which:that之前是不定(代詞)、序數(詞)、(形容詞)最高級:which之前是介詞短語與逗號(非限制性)。

例如:A、All that we have to do is to practise every day.
B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
C、I have lost my pen,which I like very much.
D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home.

三、It的用法

1、It除了代替人和物以外,還可以作形式主語。而真正的主語(不定式、動名詞或從句)則放於謂語或表語之後。

例如:It is nor easy to finish the work in two days.

然而有少數表語之後接動名詞作真正的主語。這些表語是:無助(no help)、無用(no use)、沒好處(no good);工作(hard work)、費時(a waste of time)、又危險(a danger)。

例如:A、It is no use crying over spilt milk.
B、It is a waste of time waiting for him.

2、It還可以作形式賓語。通常下列動詞後面可接it作形式賓語:2f2tcjm(find,feel,think,take,consider,judge, make)。

例如:A、He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
B、I think it no use arguing with him.

3、It用於強調句式。要強調句子的某一部分(主語、賓語、 狀語),可以把it當作先行詞。這種句子的結構是:It is(was)+ 被強調部分+that(who)+句子的其餘部分。

例如:A、It iS Professor Lin who teaches us English—(強調主語)
B、It was in Shanghai that l saw the film.—(強調狀語)
C、It was in 1990 that I worked in the factory.(同上)

但要注意與定語從句的區別。
例如:D、It was 1990 when I worked in the factory.(定語從句)

在強調句式里,我們把強調結構It is(was)…that除去,句子還很完整。如例句C。而例句D就不能。

四、倒裝結構

學生容易混淆的是全部倒裝與部分倒裝。如何區分之,編個順口溜:副(adv.)介(prep.)提前全倒裝,其它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助動,讓步狀語倒表語;復合句式倒主句,不
倒裝的屬特殊。下面舉例說明:

A、Here comes the bus.(副詞提前,全倒裝)
B、Here he comes.(代詞作主語,不倒裝)
C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介詞短語提前,全倒裝)
D、Never shall I do this again.(否定詞提前,部分倒裝)
E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(讓步狀語從句,表語倒裝)
F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.(only 修飾狀語,主句倒裝)
G、Only he can save the patient.(only修飾主語.不倒裝)
H、Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定詞提前,部分倒裝)
I、Not only he but also we like sports.(連接兩個主語,不倒裝)

五、虛擬語氣

虛擬語氣也是一個難點。所謂虛擬語氣是表示說話人的願望、假設、猜測或建議,而不表示客觀存在的事實。它通過句子的謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。現歸納如下:純假設,用虛擬,動詞時態退一級:條件句,分主從,主句謂語前加would (should,could,might);表願望,用虛擬,wish後面接賓語(從句):現在過去與將來,動詞時態退一級:提建議,用虛擬,賓語(從句)動詞用(should)do:倆建議,三要求,再加堅持與命令(suggest,advise,demand,require,request,insist,order):It is time和eoukd rather,後接叢句用虛擬:部分主語從句中, 謂語用虛擬結構 (It is necessry /important/natural/natural/strange/strange that……should do)。 下面舉例說明:

A、If you came tomorrow,we would have the metting. (條件句虛擬)
B、Without air,there would be no living things.(同上)
C、We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.(表示願望虛擬)
D、He demanded that we (should)start right away.(表示建議虛擬)
E、It is(high)time that we left (should leave)now.(特殊從句虛擬)
F、I would rather you gave me the book.(同上)
G、It is necessary that we should clean the room everyday,(主語從句虛擬)
H、He speaks English so fluently as if he were English. (特殊從句虛擬)

總之,語法是從語言實踐中總結出來的規則,要邊學邊尋找規律,以提高學習效率。在學習中不能只記一些語法規則,要進行實踐練習。通過練習,可以發現和糾正錯誤,而且有利於況固所學知識。