A. 四級英語語法知識點
Ⅰ動詞(時態,語態,用法,省略,一致性等)
時
1)現在完成進行時態 (have/has been + -ing 分詞構成): 動作或狀態從過去某時開始,繼續到現在,可能繼續下去,也可能剛剛結束.
I』ve been writing letters for an hour.
I』ve been sitting in the garden.
2)過去完成進行時(由had been + ing分詞構成): 過去某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作
I』d been working for some time when he called.
We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.
3)將來完成進行時: 將來某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作.
By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.
In another month』s time she』ll have been studying here for three years.
4)將來完成時(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構成): 將來某時會業已發生的事.
I shall have finished this one before lunch.
They』ll have hit the year』s target by the end of October.
1. 語態
1) 可以有兩種被動結構的類型,例如:
He was said to be jealous of her success.
It was said that he was jealous of her success.
能同時適用於上述兩個句型的主動詞通常都是表示「估計」,「相信」等意義的動詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.
The ship is supposed to have been sunk.
擔當be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如:
Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應該曉得速度限制)
2) 雙賓語及賓補結構的被動語態
a) 雙賓語結構的被動語態: 雙賓語結構變為被動語態時,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語後面,但多數是把間接賓語變為主語.
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.
Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.
b) 賓補結構的被動語態:
She was called Big Sister by everybody.
Then he was made a squad leader.
He was considered quite qualified for the job.
The room was always kept clean and tidy.
2. 短語動詞
1) Vi + adv
The plane took off two hours late.
2) Vi + prep
They looked round the Cathedral.
3) Vi + prep (有被動語態)
She』s looking after her sister』s children.
The children were always well looked after.
4) Vi + adv + prep
I began to look forward to their visits.
5) Vt + O + adv
Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.
The children were brought up by their mother.
They took him on.
6) Vt + adv + O (無被動語態)
I am trying to give up smoking.
7) Vt + O + prep
We talked Donald into agreement.
3. 省略
1) 在以as, than, when, if, unless等引導的從句中的省略: 在有些狀語從句中,如果謂語包含有動詞be,主語又和主句的主語一致a),或者主語是it b),就常常可以把從句中的主語和謂語的一部分(特別是動詞be)省略掉.
a) Look out for cars when crossing the street.
When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.
While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.
Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.
If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.
Though reced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.
This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.
Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.
She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.
She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.
Fill in the application as instructed.
Whenever known, such facts should be reported.
The documents will be returned as soon as signed.
He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.
Once having made a promise, you should keep it.
b) If necessary I』ll have the letter plicated.
Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver) necessary.
If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.
As scheled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.
2） 在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的從句中,常會有一些成分省略.
a) He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary.
We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.
b) They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).
He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.
Their training is free, as is all ecation.
We will, as always, stand on your side.
3） 錯誤的省略
His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.
While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her.
B. 高一英語必修三知識點總結
第一單元
1. starve
vt.&vi. (使)餓死；飢餓；渴望，急需；餓得要死 Shes starving herself trying to lose weight. 她為了減肥而忍飢挨餓。 常用結構：
starve for渴望得到…… starve to death 餓死 be starved of極需，缺乏
starve sb. into sth./ doing sth.使某人挨餓以迫使其做某事 The plants are starving for water.這些植物極需要水。 They got lost in the desert and starved to death.
The engine was starved of petrol and wouldn』t start. starvation n. 挨餓；餓死
2. belief n. \[C/U\] 信任；信仰，信心 believe vi.&vt. 相信
have belief in sth./sb. 對某物/某人的真實性和正確性所具有的信心 beyond belief 難以置信 in the belief that ... 相信…… It is my belief that ...我相信……
He has great belief in his doctor.他對他的醫生無比信賴。 She has lost her belief in God.她已不相信上帝。 3. gain
n. 獲得；增加；獲利，獲得物；收益；利潤 vt. 得到；獲得，贏得，增加，增添，到達；（鍾、表等）快 He gained full marks in the examination.他考試得了滿分。
For the first time in her life she gained a clear idea of how vast the world is. The company has made notable gains in proctivity.
My watch gains five minutes a day.我的表一天快5分鍾。易混辨析
gain/win/get/earn/acquire
gain指在斗爭，競爭中做出很大努力而「獲得……」，所得到的東西常具有一定價值。 win含有取勝的一方具有優越的特質或條件而能克服各種障礙的意思，意為「贏得」。 get為普通詞，有時指不一定需要努力就能「得到」。 earn意為「賺得」，表示經過艱苦努力所得到的報酬。
acquire意為「獲得，取得」，一般指通過漫長的過程而逐漸獲得。4. award
vt. 授予，獎給(後多接雙賓語，在多數場合下用被動形式be awarded);判定 n.獎，獎品；獎金
Medals were awarded to the best speakers on the debating team. He got the highest award in the contest. award/prize/reward
award既可作動詞也可作名詞，指為鼓勵在工作中達到或完成所提出的要求或條件的人而
進行的獎勵，往往強調榮譽而不在乎獎品的大小或獎金的多少。
prize為名詞，多指在各類競賽、競爭或抽彩中所贏得的獎。這種獎賞有的憑能力獲得，有的憑運氣獲得。
reward既可作動詞也可作名詞，指對某人的工作或服務等的報答。也指因幫助警察抓到罪犯或幫助失主找到東西而得到的賞金、酬金。 He won the award for the best student of the year.
A prize was given to the person who had the winning number. He received a medal as a reward for his courage.
5. admire vt. 贊美；欽佩；羨慕。其後可接人或物作賓語，但不可以接賓語從句作賓語。 admiration n. 贊美，欽佩；令人贊美的人或物 admirer n. 欽佩者；羨慕者
admire sb. for sth. 因某事欽佩或羨慕某人 express admiration for sb. 對某人表示欽佩 have great admiration for sb. 十分欽佩某人 in admiration of 表示欽佩
with/in admiration 心懷欽佩地They admired our garden.他們羨慕我們的花園。 I admire him for his success in business. Aren『t you going to admire my new house? 聯想拓展
warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事 rob sb. of sth.搶劫某人某物
rid sb. of sth.使某人擺脫/除去某物 suspect sb. of sth.懷疑某人某事 accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 demand answer of sb.要求某人答復 ask a favour of sb.請某人幫忙 6. remind
vt. 提醒；使想起 常用結構:
remind sb. of/about sth. 提醒某人記住/想起某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that ...提醒某人/使某人想起……
I reminded Gerald of his promise.我提醒吉羅德他曾許下的諾言。 Please remind me to write to my mother tomorrow. 常用結構：
易錯辨析
選詞填空(clothing/clothes/cloth)
①The instry in this area has been going from strength to strength. ②It』s cold outside. You』d better put on more . ③How much does it take to make a blouse for a girl? 答案：①clothing②clothes③cloth 聯想拓展
take the first place 獲得第一名 break out指火災、戰爭或瘟疫的突然爆發。
聯想拓展
結構。
聯想拓展
搞惡作劇；詐騙；開玩笑
孩子們在愚人節那天捉弄了他們的老師。
記住不要戲弄殘疾人。 聯想拓展
高手過招
用適當的介詞填空 （原創） ①Tom liked making fun others in public. ②It』s bad manners to laugh the disabled. ③These boys like playing tricks their teacher. ④He smiled me when he heard my funny answer. 答案：①of②at③on④at 期待某事／做某事(to為介詞，後接名詞或動名詞) 我們應該展望未來。
我熟悉他的作品，並期待他能就文藝創作方面發表自己的見解。 帶有介詞「to」的短語可用下面這兩句話幫助記憶：
習慣於舊方式的人堅持反對新事物，這樣導致許多獻身於科學的人被宣判為大逆不道。不喜歡這種事實的人談到此事時，總期待著增添自己的努力使它開始改變。
習慣於be (get) used to，堅持stick to，反對object to，導致lead to，獻身於be devoted to，被宣判為be sentenced to，喜歡prefer...to，談到come to，期待look forward to，增添add to，開始get down to。 高手過招 ①The boy hurried forward (see) the worldfamous oil painting because he had ②The day I had been looking forward to (come).
③I used to (get) up late, but now I』m used to (get) up early.
解析: (1)選C。句意為：她盼望他歸來，就如同他想見到她一樣。as引導的是省略句，完整的句子是：as he himself is to looking forward to seeing her。此處分析句子結構，同時熟知出席(某活動)(常用於口語);出現;找到;把(收音機等的)音量調大一些(其反義短語是turn
我擔保你的手錶准有一天能找到。
我聽不太清楚收音機,你把聲音調大點行嗎? turn on 打開；發動
turn over 打翻；移交；反復考慮 高手過招 ①It』s half past ten, but he hasn』t turned yet. ②It』s wrong to turn our motherland.
③Please turn the radio a bit; I』m doing my homewor
C. 高二必修五英語短語總結外研版
學習是每個一個學生的職責，而學習的動力是靠自己的夢想，也可以這樣說沒有自己的夢想就是對自己的一種不責任的表現，下面給大家分享一些關於高二必修五 英語 短語 總結 ，希望對大家有所幫助。
高二必修五英語短語總結1
Mole1
重點短語：
1.It is obvious (to sb.) that 從句
對某人來說，……是顯然的
2.confuse A with/and B 把A和B相混淆
3.be confused by sth . 被…….搞糊塗了
4.in confusion 困惑的;困窘地
5.compare. . .with. . . 和……比較
6.compare. . .to 把……比作
7.comepared to/with 和……相比(作狀語)
8.variety of=varieties of 各種各樣的
9.differ from sb./sth. 與某人或某物有區別，相異
10.differ in. . . 在某方面不同
11.have sth.in common (with sb./sth.)
和某人或某物有相同之處
12.have a lot/much/a great deal in common with. . .
與……有很多共同之處
13.have nothing/little in common with. . .
與……沒有/很少有共同之處
14.in common with sb./sth. 和……一樣
15.make a difference 有關系;有重要性;
16.make some difference to. . . 對……有些關系
17.make much difference to. . . 關系重大;有重大影響
18.make no difference to. . . 對……沒有關系
19.be similar to 與……相似
20.be similar in 在……方 面相 似
21.have some/much difficulty(in)doing sth.
做某事有些/很多困難
22.have some/much difficulty with sth.
做某事有一些/很多困難
23.with difficulty 困(艱)難地
24.lead to sb.doing sth. 使得某人做某事
25.lead sb.to do sth. 使得某人去做某事
26.announce sth.to sb. 向某人宣布某事
=announce to sb.sth 向某人宣布某事
27.add. . .to. . . 把……加到……中
28.add to 增加
29.add up. . . 合計;加起來
30.add up to. . . 總計
31.make an announcement 發表聲明，通知
32.at present 現在;目前
33.make an attempt to do sth. 試圖做某事
34.make an attempt at doing sth. 試圖(嘗試)做某事
35.at one』s first attempt 第一次嘗試
36.attempt at(doing)sth. 嘗試(做)某事
37.in favour of 同意，支持，擁護
38.do sb.a favour 幫某人一個忙
39.ask sb.a favour =ask a favour of sb 請求某人幫忙
40.in sb.』s favour 有助於某人
41.refer to. . .as. . . 稱……為……
42.refer to 參考
43.make (a) reference (s) to 提及，論及
44.now (that)+ 句子 由於;既然
重點知識點：
compare(v.)---comparison(n.)
把A和B比較compare A with B把A比作/比喻為Bcompare A to B
比起…,與…相比(作狀語)compared with /to比得上compare with
無與倫比beyond comparison與…比較in comparison相比之下by comparison
differ(vi)different(adj.)difference(n.)
在…方面不同differin= be differentin區分…和…Tell the difference between…and..
不同於differfrom= be differentfrom和某人在…方面differ with sb. on sth.有影響，使不同make a difference
對…有影響have an effect on=have an influence on =affect =influence
Itmakes a big differenceto your lifewhetheryou take an optimistic attitudeor not.
你是否採取樂觀的態度對你的人生有很大的影響。
common
有很多/有一些/幾乎沒有/沒有共同點havemuch(a lot)/everything/ nothing(little)in common和…一樣in common with
lead
lead to+doing/n通往，通向;導致，招致leadsbtosp.帶領某人到某地
leadsbto dosth.使某人做某事，領某人干某事
命題方向：1). lead to +doing/ being done
2).leading to作定語或狀語。
3).含介詞的短語動詞用在定語從句中，考察句中的謂語動詞。
短語lead to中，to為介詞，總結一下「動詞+介詞to」的常用短語
pay attention to注意devote… to…獻身於stick to堅持be used to習慣於
belong to屬於object to反對get down to開始認真做..contribute to為..做貢獻
pay a visit to參觀; 拜訪
difficulty
have some/much/no difficulty (in) doing做某事有一些/沒有困難
There is some/no difficulty (in) doing sth.
There is some/no difficulty with sth.(注意：difficulty為不可數名詞)
have some/much/no difficulty (in) doing做某事有一些/沒有困難
There is some/no difficulty (in) doing sth.
There is some/no difficulty with sth.(注意：difficulty為不可數名詞)
attempt
attempt to do/ attempt at doing.試圖做…;嘗試做…
make an/no attempt to do (沒有)試圖/打算做…
at one』s first attempt (to do)第一次嘗試做…
add
add…to…把…加到…上add to增加
add…up把…加起來add up to總計
高二必修五英語短語總結2
Mole 2
重點短語：
1.to one』s satisfaction 使某人感到滿意的是
2.offer one』s hand 伸出手
3.offer sb.sth. =offer sth.to sb. 為某人提供某物
4.show/have respect for sb.=respect sb. 尊敬某人
5.give/send my respects to sb.
請代我向某人問好/致意
6.in all respects 無論從哪方面來看
7.pass by 經過;從……旁經過
8.pass away 去世;(時間等)消磨掉，過去
9.pass down 把……一代傳一代;流傳
10.pass on 傳遞
11.take. . .for granted 認為…...理所當然
12.take it/things easy 輕松，放鬆
13.take one』s time 慢慢來，不著急
14.in particular 尤其，特別地
15.be particular about/over. . . 對……講究/挑剔
16.have an effect on. . . 對……有影響
17.take up 站好位置以備……
18.when用作並列連詞時，常用下列句型：
(1)Sb.was about to do sth.when. . .
=Sb.was on the point of doing sth.when. . .
某人正要干某事時，這時…….
(2) Sb.was doing sth.when. . .
某人正在干某事時，這時……
(3) Sb.had (just) done sth.when. . .
某人剛幹完某事時，這時……
19.apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申請某物
20.apply sth.to sth. 把……應用於……
21.apply to. . . 適用於……
22.apply onesely to. . . 致力於……
23.sth. require doing/to be done
某物需要被做……
24.require sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事
25.require that. . .(should) do sth. 要求做某事
26.in great demand 需求很大
27.meet/satisfy one』s demang(s) 滿足某人的需要
28.demang to do sth. 要求做某事
29.demand that. . .(should) do sth. 要求某人做某事
30.in response to 作為……的回應
31.make/give a response to 對…...做出反應
32.make/give no response to 對…不予回答/理解
重點知識：
offer n/v
表示願意做，主動給予提出，提供(買方)出價
charge(賣方)收費，要價
offer/provide /supply
提供給某人某物
offer sb sth//offer sth to sb
provide sb with sth/ provide sth for sb
supply sb with sth/ supply sth to sb
主動提出做某事:offer to do
apply v
①apply sth to應用
New technology isapplied toalmost everyinstrial process. (工業流程)
②apply oneself to致力於;專心於
If only heappliedhimself to study, he would do better in it.
③apply for申請
Beforeapplyingfor the post, you have to fill in theapplication form.
【拓展】applicant n.申請人
表示「致力於;專心於」的短語：
belost/ buried /involved/ absorbed/ occupied…in
concentrate/ focus/ fix….on
bedevoted / addicted/ abandonedto(沉迷於)
demand n.
①(非常/很)受歡迎的in (good) demand
②需要,需求(尤指顧客)demand for sth./ sb.
③對某人做某事的要求demand for sb. to do sth.
demand可加n./Pro./To do/that從句作賓語。
注意：不能說:demand sb to do sth
高二必修五英語短語總結3
Mole 3
重點短語：
1.on account of 因為
2.on no account 決不，在任何條件下都不
3.take sth. into account=take account of sth.
把某事考慮在內
4.account for 做出解釋，提出理由
5. lie-lay-lain-lying 平躺;位於
Lay – laid –laid – laying 放置;產卵
6.The boy lying on the ground lied that his cocklaid an egg.
躺在地上的小男孩說他的公雞下了一隻蛋。
7.get into (a) panic 陷入恐慌狀態
8.be at/in a panic 在恐慌中
9.be curious about 對……好奇，感興趣
10.out of curiosity 出於好奇
11.satisfy one』s curiosity 滿足某人的好奇心
12.have connection with 與…有聯系/有關聯
13.have a direct/close/strong connection with
與…有直接/密切/牢固的聯系
14.have sth./nothing to do with 與…有關/與…無關
15.be related to 與…有關
16.to one』s astonishment 令某人吃驚的是
17.to one』s surprise 令某人吃驚的是
18.to one』s excitement 令某人激動的是
19.to one』s disappointment 令人失望的是
20.to one』s sorrow 令人難過的是
21.to one』s joy 令人高興的是
22.to one』s satisfaction 令人滿意的是
23.warn sb.about/of sth. 警告某人某事
24.warn sb. Not to do sth.=warn against doing sth 警告某人不要做某事
25.be determined to do sth. 決心做某事
26.force sb.to do sth.=force sb.into doing sth
強迫某人做某事
27.force sth.on/upon sb. 把…強加於某人
28.play a trick on sb. 拿某人開玩笑，捉弄某人
29.make fun of sb. 嘲笑某人;取笑某人
30.make up 編造;組成;和解;化妝;彌補…
31.be/feel in the mood for(doing) sth
=be/feel in the mood to do sth. 有心情做某事
32.in a bad/good mood 情緒不好/很好
33.be set in 以…為背景
34.set off 出發;引爆，使爆炸
35.set out to do sth. 開始做某事
36.set about doing sth. 開始/著手做某事
37.set sth.aside 把某物放在一邊;省出;
38.set up 建立;設立;創立
39. resemble … in… 在…方面像…
重點知識：
account v./n.
on account of由於Takeinto account烤魚On no account絕不accounted for解釋
bank account銀行賬戶
as if
as if引導的從句作表語。
as if = as though好像，似乎,主要用於引導狀語從句和
表語從句。當前面有系動詞look, seem, taste, smell, keep, sound
等時，如果表示的可能性較大，與事實較一致時，謂語動詞用
陳述語氣。
as if從句用虛擬語氣的情況：
⑴從句表示與現在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時。
You look as if you did not care. (實際上關心)
⑵從句表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用「had+過去分詞」
He talked about Paris as if he had been there before.(實際上以前沒去過)
⑶從句表示與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用「would/could/might+動詞原形」。
It looks as if it might snow.(實際上不會下雪)
⑴分詞作定語
1)通常，現在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動，例如：
He is the man giving you the money.(= who gave you…)
He is the man stopped by the car.( = who was stopped by…)
2)不及物動詞的過去分詞表示動作已經發生
⑵分詞作狀語
⑶連詞+分詞(短語)
有時為使分詞短語與主句關系更清楚，可在分詞前加連詞。如：when，while，if though，after, before, as.但分詞的主語和主句的主語必須為同一個
⑷分詞作補語 通常在感官動詞和使役動詞和like, want, wish, order等表示「希望」「要求」等意義的動詞之後
⑸分詞作表語
⑹分詞作插入語:其結構是固定的，意思上的主語並不是句子的主語。
generally speaking一般說來
strictly speaking嚴格的說
judging from從…判斷
all things considered從整體來看
taking all things into consideration全面看來
⑺分詞的時態
1).與主語動詞同時(not) doing…
2)先於主動詞 (not)having done…
⑻獨立主格結構：在用分詞短語作狀語時，其邏輯主語一般必須與句子主語一致。
如不一致，分詞須帶上自己的邏輯主語。常表伴隨的動作或情
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