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英語語法知識大全點擊查看

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㈠ 初中英語語法大全 中考版

初中英語語法知識難點整理
英語語法知識難點(一)
(一) 形容詞和副詞
I. 要點
A. 形容詞
1、 形容詞的用法
形容詞是用來修飾、描繪名詞的,通常在句中作定語、表語或賓補,有時還可作狀語。:
He is honest and hardworking.
I found the book interesting.
某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類人作主語時,謂語通常用復數形式。如:
The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.
The English like to be with their families.
多個形容詞作定語修飾名詞的順序:
冠詞+序數詞+基數詞+性質狀態(描述性)+形狀大小+新舊老少+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞。如:
the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.
2、 形容詞比較等級的形式
(1) 規則形式
一般說來,單音節詞及少數雙音節詞在後加-er; --est 來構成比較級和最高級;其他雙音節詞及多音節詞在前加more, most.如:
great-greater-greatest
busy-busier-busiest
important-more important-(the)most important
(2) 不規則形式
good (well)-better-best
bad (ill)-worse-worst
many (much)-more-most
little-less-least
(3) 形容詞比較等級的用法
①表示兩者的比較,用形容詞的比較級+than. 如:
He is cleverer than the other boys.
This one is more beautiful than that one.
②表示兩者以上的比較,用"the +形容詞最高級(+名詞)+of(in) …"如:
He is the cleverest boy in his class.
③表示兩者是同等程度,用"as +形容詞原級+as". 如:
He is as tall as I.
I have as many books as you.
④ 越… 越…
例如:The more I learn, the happier I am.
⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好
又如:You can never praise the teacher too highly.
你怎麼贊揚這個老師也不過分。
⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.
那一天是最令我擔心的一天。
I have never had a better dinner.
這是我吃過的最好的一頓飯。
⑦ My English is no better than yours.
我的英語和你的英語都不怎麼樣。
B.副詞
1、 副詞的種類
(1) 時間副詞 如:ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等
(2) 地點副詞 如:here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。
(3) 方式副詞 如:carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。
(4) 程度副詞 如:almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。
2、 副詞比較等級的用法
其用法與形容詞相似,只是副詞最高級前可省略定冠詞。如:
Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.
We must work harder.
3、 某些副詞在用法上的區別
(1) already, yet, still
already表示某事物已經發生,主要用於肯定句;yet表示期待某事發生,主要用於否定句和疑問句;still表示某事還在進行,主要用於肯定句和疑問句,有時也可用於否定句。如:
We've already watched that film.
I haven't finished my homework yet.
He still works until late every night.
(2) too, as well, also, either
too, as well和 also用於肯定句和疑問句,too和as well多用於口語,一般放在句末,而also多用於書面語,一般放在句中與動詞連用。either用於否定句和否定的疑問句,往往放在句末。如:
He went there too.
He didn't go there either.
I like you as well.
I also went there.
(3) hard, hardly
hardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如:
I work hard every day.
I can hardly remember that.
(4) late, lately
lately意為"最近、近來",late意為"晚、遲"。如:
He never comes late.
Have you been to the museum lately?
II. 例題
例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____
A high enough B tall enough
C enough high C enough tall
解析:該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall, 而建築物的高用high,並且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞後面。因此該題選B。
例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.
A When I take more medicine
B The more medicine I take
C Taking more of the medicine
D More medicine taken
解析:該題正確答案為B。"the+形容詞比較級+… , the +形容詞比較級+…"意為越…,越…。該句意為:吃的葯越多,我的病越是加重。
例3"I haven't been to London yet".
"I haven't been there ____".
A too B also C either D neither
解析:該題正確答案為C。A和B都用於肯定句中。D-neither本身意為否定"兩者都不",而C-either則用於否定句中,意為"也"。
例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.
A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply
解析:該題正確答案為B。A. deep用於副詞時,修飾具體的深,如dig deep,而B-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞,如該題為deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副詞,不能互相修飾。
(二) 介詞
I. 要點
1、介詞和種類
(1) 簡單介詞,常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
(2) 復合介詞,如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
2、介詞和其他詞類的習慣搭配關系
(1) 和動詞的搭配,如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。
(2) 和形容詞的搭配,如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at
(3) 和名詞的搭配,如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.
3、介詞短語可以有自己的修飾語,這種修飾語通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少數幾個副詞。如:
He came right after dinner.
He lives directly opposite the school.
4、 某些介詞的意義與用法舉例
(1) at, on, in(表時間)
表示時間點用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等;表示不確定的時間或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。
指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。
指長於或短於一天的時段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。
(2) between, among(表位置)
between僅用於二者之間,但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個之間的相互關系時,也用between, 如
I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
The village lies between three hills.
among用於三者或三者以上之間。如:
He is the best among the students.
(3) beside, besides
beside意為"在…旁邊",而besides意為"除…之外"。如:
He sat beside me.
What do you want besides this?
(4)in the tree, on the tree
in the tree 指動物或人在樹上,而on the tree 指果實、樹葉長在樹上
(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way
on the way 指在路上 in the way 指擋道
by the way 指順便問一句 in this way 用這樣的方法
(6)in the corner, at the corner
in the corner 指在拐角內 at the corner 指在拐角外
(7)in the morning, on the morning
in the morning 是一般說法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
(8)by bus, on the bus
by bus 是一般說法 on the bus 特指乘某一輛車
II. 例題
例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?
A except B but C beside D besides
解析:A、B兩項except等於but,意為"除了…",C-beside意為"在…旁邊",不符合題意。而D-besides, 意為"除了…之外,還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為:除了英語外,你還知道別的語言嗎?
例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
A on B at C in D ring
解析:我們均知道,at night這一短語,但如果night前有修飾詞,表具體的夜晚,則要用介詞on來修飾,故該題正確答案為A。
例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.
A to B in C at D on
解析:該題正確答案為A。look forward to 為固定搭配,意為"期望、盼望"。
(三) 連詞
I. 要點
1、 連詞的種類
(1) 並列連詞用來連接並列關系的詞、短語或分句,如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。
(2) 從屬連詞用來引導從句,如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。
除了從屬連詞(引導狀語從句)外,還有其它可以用來引導從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導名詞性從句),關系代詞和關系副詞(引導定語從句)。
2、 常用連詞舉例
(1)and 和,並且
They drank and sang all night.
(2) both…and 和, 既…也…
Both my parents and I went there.
(3) but 但是,而
I'm sad, but he is happy.
(4) either…or 或…或…, 要麼…要麼…
Either you're wrong, or I am.
(5) for因為
I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.
(6) however 然而,可是
Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.
(7) neither…nor 既不…也不
Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.
(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…
He not only sings well, but also dances well.
(9) or 或者,否則
Hurry up, or you'll be late.
Are you a worker or a doctor?
(10) so 因此,所以
It's getting late, so I must go.
(11) although 雖然
Although it was late, they went on working.
(12) as soon as 一 …就
I'll tell him as soon as I see him.
(13) because 因為
He didn't go to school, because he was ill.
(14)unless 除非,如果不
I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.
(15)until 直到…
He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬間動詞用於not… until 結構)
He stayed there until eleven.
(16)while 當…時候,而 (表示對比)
While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while後不可用瞬間動詞)
My pen is red while his is blue.
(17)for 因為
He was ill, for he didn't come. (結論是推斷出來的)
(18)since自從…
I have lived here since my uncle left.
(19)hardly… when 一…就
I had hardly got to the station when the train left.
(20)as far as 就… 來說
As far as I know, that country is very small.
You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那裡)
II. 例題
例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
A as well B as well as C so well D so well as
解析:該題意為:John踢足球如果不比David好的話,那也踢得和David一樣好。 和…一樣好為as well as. 故該題正確答案為B。
例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A when B where C which D while
解析:該處意為"然而",只有while有此意思,故選D。
例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
解析:該處意為"或者",正確答案為C。
英語語法知識難點(二)
(四)動詞時態、語態
I. 要點
1、 一般現在時
(1) 表示經常發生的動作或現在存在的狀態,常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時間狀語連用。如:
Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
(2) 表示客觀真理、科學事實等。如:
The earth goes round the sun.
2、 現在進行時
(1) 表示說話時或現階段正在進行的動作,常與now, at present等時間狀語連用。如:
What are you doing now?
(2) 和always, continually等連用,表一種經常反復的動作,常含有某種情感。如:
He is always doing good deeds.
3、 現在完成時
主要表示動作發生在過去,對現在仍有影響,或動作一直延續到現在,或可能還要繼續下去,常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:
Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般將來時
表示將來某一時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如:
I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
We're going to see a film next Monday.
5、一般過去時
表示在過去某一時間或某一階段內發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如:
It happened many years ago.
6、過去進行時
表示過去某一時刻或某一時期正在發生的動作。如:
What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、 過去完成時
表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作。如:
The train had already left before we arrived.
8、一般過去將來時
表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發生的動作。如:
He said he would come, but he didn't.
9、被動語態
被動語態的時態,以give為例。

(六)短語動詞
I. 要點
英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體,其用法有的相當於及物動詞,有的相當於不及物動詞,有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特徵。英語短語動詞的構成主要有以下六種:
(1) 動詞+介詞
常見的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後。如:
Don't laugh at others.
I didn't care about it.
(2) 動詞+副詞
常見的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞,既可放在副詞前邊,又可放在副詞後邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則要放在副詞前邊。如:
You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don't forget to hand it in.
(3) 動詞+副詞+介詞
常見的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後邊。如:
All his money added up to no more than $100.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4) 動詞+名詞+介詞
常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後邊。如:
You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
(5) 動詞+形容詞
常見的有leave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞,則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊,也可放在後邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則必須放在形容詞前邊。如:
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
(6) 動詞+名詞
常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如:
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
(7)辨析
give away(讓給,暴露)和 give up(放棄,停止)
put away(放起,收起)和 put out (撲滅)
turn up(出席,放大)和 turn on (打開)
keep out(阻止)和 keep off (不讓靠近)
make up(編造,補上)和 make out(辨認)
take off(脫,起飛)和 take out(拿出)
II. 例題
例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
解析:該題正確答案為A。意為"存";keep up意為"繼續";give away意為"分發";lay up"貯藏"。
例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
A touch B relation C connection D friendship
解析:該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語動詞,意為"保持聯系"。
例3 ____! There's a train coming.
A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
解析:該題選A. look out 意為"小心"。
(七)動詞不定式
I. 要點
1、 不定式的形式。以動詞write為例。
2、 不定式的句法功能
(1) 作主語
To hear from you is nice.
To be a good teacher is not easy.
不定式作主語時,為了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主語,而不定式置於謂語動詞後。如:
It's nice to hear from you.
It's not easy to be a good teacher.
(2) 作賓語
通常用於want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等詞後。如:
I forgot to lock the door.
Please remember to write to me.
(3) 作表語
My job is to pick up letters.
He seemed to have heard nothing.
(4) 作定語
不定式作定語時,須放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞後。如:
I have two letters to write.
I have a lot of work to do.
(5) 作賓補
通常用於want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等詞後。如:
He ordered her to leave at once.
He was forced to obey his order.
(6) 作狀語
He got up early to catch the first bus.
He worked hard to catch up with the other students.
(7) 作獨立成分
To tell you the truth, I told a lie.
(8) "疑問詞+不定式"結構。 如:
I don't know how to choose them.
I cannot decide where to go.
(9)不定式的否定式。如:
I decided not to go.
(10)不定式的完成式。如:
He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.
The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.
(11)too…to 結構。如:
He was too excited to go to sleep.
He was only too glad to go. (他太高興了,樂意去)
(12)主動表被動。如:
The book is easy to read.
I have a book to read.
II.例題
例1 I haven't got a chair ____.
A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting
解析:該題選C。不定式to sit on在句中作定語,修飾名詞chair. 因為不定式和它所修飾的名詞間是"動賓關系",所以不定式必須是及物動詞,故此處on不能省略。
例2 He was made ____.
A go B gone C going D to go
解析:該題選D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被動形式,不定式do前的to不能省略。
例3 A new factory is ____ very soon.
A to be built B built
C to build D to building
解析:該題選A。is to be built意為"將要被建"。
(八)動名詞
I. 要點
動名詞既具有動詞的一些特徵,又具有名詞的句法功能。
1、 動名詞的形式,以write為例。
否定式 not +動名詞
2、 動名詞的用法
(1) 作主語
Playing football is my favorite sport.
Travelling with friends at weekend is fun.
作主語的動名詞結構復雜且長時,可用it作形式主語。如:
It is fun travelling with friends at weekend.
(2) 作賓語
I enjoy playing PC game.
He gave up writing five years ago.
(3) 作表語
What he hated most was doing nothing.
Seeing is believing.
動名詞作表語時,句子的主語常是無生命名詞或what引導的名詞性從句。
(4) 作定語
There's a dining room in my school.
All the people watching laughed.
(5) 動名詞的復合結構"物主代詞(或名詞的所有格)+動名詞"。如:
Tom's going home late made her mother angry.
Would you mind my opening the window?
不過,動名詞的邏輯主語在遇到以下情況時,必須用名詞的普通格(或人稱代詞的賓格)。
①無生命名詞
The girls were afraid of the door suddenly closing.
Fire burns better by oxygen being at work.
②有生命名詞,但表泛指。
Have you ever heard of girls smoking?
③兩個以上的有生命的名詞並列。
Do you still remember my parents and me coming to see you that day?
3.後面常接動名詞的動詞和短語
mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practise, magine,
keep, suggest, advise, allow, permit,
be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy doing,
can't help doing, it is no good doing, it is no use doing,
look forward to doing, stick to doing, pay attention to doing,
devote to doing, lead to doing
II.例題
例1 She says she doesn't feel like ____ out with you.
A going B to go C for going D went
解析:該題正確答案為A。 feel like = want, 此處like 為介詞,後面要接名詞或動名詞作賓語
例2 The garden needs ____.
A water B watering C to water D watered
解析:該題正確答案為B。 need = want = require. 如果物作主語,此三者後要接動名詞或to be done這一結構作賓語。
例3 Excuse me ____ you.
A interrupting B to interrupt
C interrupted D to have interrupted
解析:該題正確答案為A。excuse 後接動名詞作賓語,此句中的me為動名詞的邏輯主語(常用於口語中)。
(九)分詞
I. 要點
分詞既具有動詞的一些特徵,又具有形容和副詞的句法功能。它分為現在分詞和過去分詞兩類。現在分詞和過去分詞的主要差別在於現在分詞有一般式和完成式,過去分詞則只有一般式。現在分詞表動作正在進行,表主動。過去分詞及物動詞表動作已經完成,表被動。過去分詞不及物動詞表動作已經完成,表主動。

㈡ 英語基礎語法知識

必備英語基礎語法知識

英語語法是針對英語語言進行研究後,英語語法系統地總結歸納出來的一系列語言規則。英語語法的精髓在於掌握語言的使用。不妨看看必備英語基礎語法知識。

必備英語基礎語法知識第1課:

1、be(是)動詞的用法:am接I;is接第三人稱單數,即除you、I外;are接表示多個人或事物,即復數。(我是am,你是are,is連接它、她、他,單數is,復數are)。

2、not是表示否定的詞:不是的表達,am not,is not(isn』t),are not(aren』t)。

3、「一個」和「幾個」的問題:「一個」是a+名詞;「多個」是名詞後面加s。

4、以母音開頭(如O、E等),前面的冠詞用an。

必備英語基礎語法知識第2課:

1、及物動詞與不及物動詞的區別:及物動詞後面接賓語;而不及物動詞後面不接賓語。如I like ice cream ,It hurts。

2、主語是he、she、it和單數名詞時,動詞要發生第三人稱的變化,即加s。

3、否定的用法:在動詞之前加do not或does not。I、You和復數名詞做主語時,否定就用do not;凡是單數名稱和he、she、it做主語,否定就用does not。

必備英語基礎語法知識第3課

1、my(我的)、your(你的)、his(他的)、her(她的)、their(他們的)、our(我們的)、its(它的)+名詞,如my love,your love 。

2、名詞所有格形式為:名詞+』s,表示「……的」,如Sophie』s world,children』s Day,Japan』s tomorrow。

3、用名詞+of+名詞,一般用在無生命的名詞上,表示「……的』』,如The sound of music(音樂之聲)。

必備英語基礎語法知識第4課

1、「have」和「there be」翻譯成漢語都可以用一個「有」字來表示,但have是指主觀的「所有、擁有」,而there be則是指客觀的「存在,某處有某物」。

2、There be的單復數變化與be的變化規則相同,取決於後面所接的主語。主語為單數,就變成there is,主語是復數,就變成there are。

3、「have」在第三人稱單數時變成「has」。

4、「there be」的否定形式在be後加not,對於have通常直接在它的賓語前加「no」,表示「沒有」的意思。

必備英語基礎語法知識第5課

1、 一般疑問句概念:是可以用「yes」或「no」來回答的疑問句。

2、 一般疑問句的結構模式:助動詞+陳述句形式+?

如:Do you have a car? No, I don』t 或Yes, I do

Are you a chicken guy? No , I am not 或Yes , I am

Is there any cake in the icebox? No , there isn』t 或 Yes , there is

3、注意:Your boss has a car. Does your boss have a car? 這句中的Has在助動詞does提前時,需要改變成原形。

4、在一般疑問句中,表示「一些」的概念時,用Many而不用some。

必備英語基礎語法知識第6課

1、六個特殊疑問詞:what(什麼,對什麼提問);where(在哪裡,對地點提問);why(為什麼,對原則提問);when(何時,對時間提問);who(誰,對人提問);how(怎麼樣,對方式提問)。

2、特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句+?。

3、特殊疑問句回答法:把句中的.一般疑問句改為陳述句,再加上被提問部分。

例:Who am I? Who is she? What is her name? Where do you live?

How old are you? 你多大了? How old問年齡。

How long is the rope? 這繩子有多長? How long問長度。

How far is it from A to B? 從A至B有多遠? How far 問距離。

What many books do you have? 你有多少書? What many 對「可數名詞的多少」提問。

What much is the book? 這本書多少錢? What much 問價格

How often do you visit here? 你多久來拜訪這里? How often 對「頻率」提問。

必備英語基礎語法知識第7課

1、現在進行時:它是由主語+be動詞+實義動詞的ing形式構成的,表示現在正在發生和進行的動作。比如:現在我在講,你在聽。就應該說:Now I am talking,You are listing。

2、現在進行時的否定形式:就是在be動詞的後面加Not來構成,這點和be動詞的否定式是一樣的。

3、兩種進行時的基本法:一種與Now連用;另一種是與一些表示一段時間的詞連用,表示現階段正在進行的動作。

4、一般情況下,實義動詞是可以直接加「ing」的,但有兩種特殊的情況是需要有一些變化的。第一種是像put和get這樣以一個母音字母加一輔音字母結尾並重讀的實義字母,需雙寫結尾的輔音字母再加ing,就是putting和getting。第二種是以一個母音加e結尾的實義動詞,要把「e」去掉,再加ing,如dance(跳舞),come(來)。

必備英語基礎語法知識第8課

1、動詞的過去式:一般的動詞後面可直接加「ed」。但是以「e」結尾的動詞,直接加「d」;以輔音字母加「y」結尾的詞,變「y」為「i」加「ed」;一個母音字母+一個輔音字母結尾的詞,且此音節重讀,雙寫結尾的這個輔音字母,再加「ed」。

2、常用過去式時的一些時間狀語。

3、過去時的否定和疑問結構。

;

㈢ 英語簡單語法知識點

英語語法是針對英語語言進行研究後,系統地總結歸納出來的一系列語言規則。下面是我為你收集整理的英語簡單語法知識點,一起來看看吧。

英語簡單語法知識點【1】

主要掌握幾種時態

1,一般現在時

2,一般過去時

3,一般將來時

4,現在進行時

還有幾種詞

1,名詞

2,代詞

3,形容詞

4,動詞

5,冠詞

英語簡單語法知識點【2】

一、詞法

1、名詞

A)、名詞的數

我們知道名詞可以分為可數名詞和不可數名詞,而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式,但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分,復數的構成如下:

一)在後面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans,apples, bananas

二)x,sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如:boxes,glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es如:baby-babies, family-families,ty-ties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

2)以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:day-days,boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

四)以o結尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

五)以f或fe結尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives,half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

六)單復數相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

七)一般只有復數,沒有單數的有:people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數也可以是復數的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學, family家,家庭成員

九)合成的復數一般只加主要名詞,多數為後一個單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復數則同時為復數。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十)有的單復數意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類,paper紙 papers報紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡,orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線lights燈, people人 peoples民族,time時間 times時代, 次數, chicken 雞肉chickens小雞

十一) 單個字母的復數可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如:Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs

十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice,policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B)名詞的格

當我們要表示某人的什麼東西或人時,我們就要使用所有格形式。構成如下:

一)單數在後面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二)復數以s結尾的直接在s後加’,如果不是以s結尾的與單數一樣處理。如:Teachers’ Day教師節,classmates’; Children’s Day六一節, Women’s Day三八節

三)由and並列的名詞所有時,如果是共同所有同一人或物時,只加最後一個’s,但分別擁有時卻分別按單數形式處理。如:Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)

2、代詞

項目人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞

人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性

第一人稱 單數 I me my mine myself

復數 we us our ours ourselves

第二人稱 單數 you you your yours yourself

復數 you you your yours yourselves

第三人稱 單數 she her her hers herself

he him his his himself

it it its its this that itself

復數 they them their theirs these thosethemselves

3、動詞

A)第三人稱單數

當動詞是第三人稱單數時,動詞應該像名詞的單數變動詞那樣加s,如下:

一)一般在詞後加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees,dances, trains

二)在x,sh, ch, s, tch後加es。如:watches,washes, wishes, finishes

三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

2)以母音字母加y結尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

四)以o結尾加es。如:does, goes

五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has

B)現在分詞

當我們說某人正在做什麼事時,動詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構成如下:

一)一般在後加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing,see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching,go-going, do-doing

二)以不發音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing,write-writing, have-having

三)以重讀閉音節結尾且一個母音字母+一個輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最後的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting,let-letting, begin-beginning

四)以ie結尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying 位於

英語簡單語法知識點【3】

4、形容詞的級

我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時,則要使用比較或最高級形式。構成如下:

一) 一般在詞後加er或est(如果是以e結尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest,shorter –shortest, taller –tallest,longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest

二)以重讀閉音節結尾且1個母音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結尾的雙寫結尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

三) 以輔音字母+y結尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest,sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly mostfriendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠)

good/well -better best many/much - more most bad/ill– worse worst

little- lessleast old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest

5、數詞 (基變序,有規則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它後接th;y結尾,變為i, eth跟上去。)first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth,thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth

㈣ 高考英語語法考點總結

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