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英語知識點句式

發布時間: 2024-12-09 16:07:30

1. 小學英語知識點歸納

小學英語語法知識

一、現在進行時用法

主語在句首,am, is, are跟在後,

現在分詞跟著走,其他成分不可丟。

表示動作正進行,句中now時間定。

一般問句,把be提到句前去。

否定句式也簡單,be後只把not添。

二、特殊疑問句用法

What用途廣,要問「什麼」它當先。(What』s this?)

How開頭來「問安」。(How are you?)

Who問「誰」。(Who』s that man?)

「誰的」Whose來承擔。(Whose eraser is this?)

詢問「某地」用Where。(Where is her cat?)

「哪一個」Which句首站。(Which one?)

三、動詞加s或es方法歌訣

動詞三單現在式,一般詞尾加s。

s, x, ch, sh在詞尾,直接加上es。

詞尾若是字母o,加上es不用愁。

「輔音字母+y「來結尾,變y為i是正規。

es後邊緊跟隨,study→studies看明白。

四、「be going to」的用法口訣

be going to, 表打算,准備、計劃將干。

表可能,有必然,通過現象來推斷。

使用它,要注意,疑問形式be提前。

否定句,更簡單,not放在be後邊。

to之後,動原形,be的形式看人稱。

下列詞,要注意,come go和離去(leave)

進行時,表將來,牢牢記住莫忘記。

小學英語知識重點

一、形容詞性物主代詞

1、形容詞性物主代詞8個:

My your his her its our your their

我的你的他的她的`它的我們的你們的他(她、它)們的

2、形容詞性物主代詞的特點:

1)譯成漢語都有"的" eg:my 我的 their 他們的

2)後面加名詞:eg:my backpack his name

3)前後不用冠詞 a an the

This is a my eraser(錯誤)

That is your a pen(錯誤)

It's his the pen(錯誤)

3、I(物主代詞)my you(物主代詞)your he (物主代詞)her we (物主代詞) our

註:在變物主代詞時,把原題所給的詞加上的,再譯成單詞就可以了。

二、名詞性物主代詞

1、名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞一樣有8個:

Mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他(她、它)們的

2、 名詞性物主代詞的特點:

1)譯成漢語都有"的"

2)後面不加名詞

3)名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞

Eg:1、the pen is mine 鋼筆是我的(mine=my pen)

三、單數的句子變成復數的句子

把單數的句子成復數的句子很簡單:變法是把能變成復數的詞變成復數,但a或an要把去掉。特殊疑問詞、形容詞、國家及地點通常不變。

Eg:把下列句子變成復數

1, I have a car ——we have cars

2, He is an American boy. ——They are American boys

3, It is a car ——They are cars

4,This is an eraser ——These are erasers

5,That is a backpsck ——Those are backpacks

6,I'm an English teather ——We are English teathers

7,It's a new shirt—— They are new shirts

8,He's a boy ——They are boys

9,She's a singer ——They are singers

10,What'sthis in English?—— What are these in English?

小學英語必考知識

一.動詞be(is,am,are)的用法

我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟著他(he),她(she),它(it)。單數名詞用is,復數名詞全用are。變否定,更容易,be後not加上去。變疑問,往前提,句末問號莫丟棄。還有一條須注意,句首大寫莫忘記。

二.this,that和it用法

(1)this和that是指示代詞,it是人稱代詞。

(2)距離說話人近的人或物用this, 距離說話人遠的人或物用that。如:

This is a flower. 這是一朵花。(近處)

That is a tree. 那是一棵樹。(遠處)

(3)放在一起的兩樣東西,先說this, 後說that。如:

This is a pen. That is a pencil. 這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。

(4)向別人介紹某人時說This is…, 不說That is…。如:

This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 這是海倫,海倫,這是湯姆。

(5)This is 不能縮寫, 而That is可以縮寫。如:

This is a bike. That』s a car. 這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。

(6)打電話時,介紹自己用this, 詢問對方用that。如:

—Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐嗎?

—Yes, this is. Who』s that? 是的,我是,你是誰?

注意:雖然漢語中使用「我」和「你」,但英語中打電話時絕不可以說:I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?

(7)在回答this或that作主語的疑問句時, 要用it代替this或that。如:

①—Is this a notebook? 這是筆記本嗎?

—Yes, it is. 是的,它是。

②—What』s that? 那是什麼?

—It』s a kite. 是只風箏。

2. 英語簡單語法知識點總結

英語對於現在的中國學生來說已經成為了一種重要的語言。英語作為一種語言,本身就是一個系統,需要靠英語語法來規范,接下來我為你整理了英語簡單語法知識點,一起來看看吧。

英語簡單語法知識點:特殊句型

there be 句型,be going to 結構

1. Be going to 結構,表示打算,准備,計劃做某事

結構:主語+be動詞+going to +動詞原型

I am going to make a bookcase.

They are going to paint it.

The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.

變疑問句將be動詞移到句首

Are you going to make a bookcase?

Are they going to paint it?

Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?

變否定句在be動詞後面加not

I am not going to make a bookcase.

They are going to paint it.

The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.

肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, I am. No, I am not.

Yes, they are. No, they are not.

Yes, he is. No, he is not.

特殊疑問句

What are you going to do?

What are they going to do?

What is the father going to do?

2. There be 句型:表示哪裡有什麼東西(某處有某物)

There is+單數名詞+表示場所的詞(一般為介詞片語)

There is a book in this room.

There is a pen on the table

There are+復數名詞+表示場所的詞(一般為介詞片語)

There are two pens on the table.

There are three schools there.

變疑問句將be動詞移到句首

Is there a book in this room?

Are there two pens on the table?

變否定句在動詞後面加not

There is not a book in this room.

There are not two pens on the table.

肯定回答及否定回答

Yes, there is. No, there is not.

Yes, there are. No, there are not.

英語簡單語法知識點:選擇疑問句

選擇疑問句:是指提出兩個或兩個以上可能的答案供對方選擇的句式

一種是以一般疑問句的結構形式為基礎,只是在語調上有所區別。

例如:Would you like coffee or tea?

這一類選擇疑問句通常都是在前一個供選擇的答案用低升調,後一個用降調;如果有兩個以上供選擇的答案,則在最後一個用降調,其餘都用低升調。

例如:

Would you like a gin,or a whisky,or a `beer?

你是要喝杜松子酒,還是威士忌酒,還是啤酒?

這種語調上的特徵往往是區別選擇疑問句和一般疑問句的重要標志。試比較:

Shall we leave at six or `seven?

我們是 6 點動身還是 7點動身?

Shall we leave at six or seven?

我們在6,7點鍾動身好嗎?

上述第一例是選擇疑問句,其答案只能是兩者之一。

We shall leave at six/seven.我們將在6點/7點動身。

上述第二例是一般疑問句,它的答案只是 yes/no,而且並不肯定是6點或7點,甚至可能既不是6點,也不是7點:

Yes,we shall leave at six or seven.是的,我們將在 6, 7點鍾動身。

No.We must leave earlier.不。我們必須早點動身。

另一種選擇疑問句是以特殊疑問句的結構形式為基礎的,也是在語調上有所區別。

例如:Which vase shall I use, the short one or the tall one ? The tall one.

在選擇疑問句中的冠詞用法。

Is she a housewife or a nurse?(她是一個家庭主婦還是護士?)

其中,or後的不定冠詞a/an 不能省略。

英語簡單語法知識點:特殊疑問句

特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞開頭,對句中某一成分提問的句子。

常用的疑問詞有:what who whose which when where how why等。

可先分為3種:

疑問代詞:what,who,which,whose,whom

疑問副詞:when,where,why,how

疑問形容詞:what(which,whose)+名詞

特殊疑問句有兩種語序

1.如疑問詞作主語或主語的定語,即對主語或主語的定語提問,其語序是陳述句的語序:

疑問詞(+主語)+謂語動詞+其他成分。

如:Who is singing in the room﹖ whose bike is broken﹖

2.如疑問詞作其他成分,即對其他成分提問,其語序是:疑問詞+一般疑問句語序?如:What class are you in﹖

What does she look like﹖

Where are you from﹖

What time does he get up every morning﹖

How do you know﹖

注意:

1.回答特殊疑問句時,不能用yes / no,即問什麼答什麼,尤其是簡略回答。如:

Who is from Canada﹖ Helen (is).

Where's the restaurant﹖ Near the station.

Why do you like koalas﹖ Because they are cute.

2.特殊疑問句一般讀降調(↓)。

特殊疑問詞

Who誰——Whose誰的(加se)

Why為什麼

When什麼時候

Where在哪裡

Which哪一個

What什麼 ( What time什麼時間 What colour什麼顏色)

How怎麼樣

How many多少{數量}

How much多少錢{價格},

多少(對不可數名詞進行提問)

How long多長

How often多少次

How big多大

How heavy多重{重量}

3. 這60個句型,包含了初中英語所有高頻考點,一定要掌握!

60個句型中包含詞彙、短語、固定搭配和語法等全方位的知識點,因此,它們的重要性是不言而喻的!

1. as…as 和……一樣

中間必須用形容詞或副詞原級。例如:

This classroom is as big as that one.

這間教室和那間一樣大。

He runs as fast as Tom. 他和湯姆跑的一樣快。

否定結構:not as/so…as,「不如……」。上面的兩個句子可分別改為:

This classroom is not as/so large as that one.

這間教室不如那間大。

He doesn』t run as/so fast as Tom.

他跑得不如湯姆快。

2. as soon as 一……就……

用來引導時間狀語從句。若主句是一般將來時,從句要用一般現在時。例如:

I』ll tell him the plan as soon as I see him.

我一看到他就告訴他這個計哪李劃。

He』ll go home as soon as he finishes his work.

他一完成工作就回家。

3. be busy/enjoy/hate/go on/finish doing sth. 忙於/喜歡/討厭/繼續/完成做某事

在enjoy, finish, hate, go on, be busy等詞語後,一般用動詞-ing形式作賓語。例如:

Lin Tao is busy making a model plane.

林濤團扮正忙著做飛機模型。

My mother enjoys taking a walk after supper.

我媽媽喜歡晚飯後散步。

I hate watching Channel Five.

我討厭看五頻道。

When someone asked him to have a rest, he just went on working.

當有人讓他休息一會兒時,他仍繼續工作。

I have finished writing the story.

我已經寫完了故事。

4. fill…with 用……裝滿......; be filled with 充滿了……;be full of 充滿了......

①be filled with 說明由外界事物造成的此種狀態,表示被動。塌緩灶例如:

The box is filled with food.

盒子里裝滿了食物。

②be full of說明主語處於的狀態。此外,還可表示程度,意為「非常」。例如:

The patient』s room is full of flowers.

那個病人的房間擺滿了花。

The young man is full of pride.

那個年輕人非常驕傲。

③這兩種結構還可以相互改寫。例如:

I fill the box with food. The box is full of food.

5. be good/bad for 有利於/有害於……

此句型是:be+adj.+for+n.結構。例如:

Doing morning exercises is good for your health.

做早操對你的健康有益。

Always playing computer games is bad for your study.

總玩電腦游戲對你的學習不利。

6. be used to(doing) sth. 習慣於……

後必須接名詞或動名詞,可用於現在、過去、將來的多種時態。be 可用get,become來代替。 例如:

He is used to life in the country.(He is used to living in the country.)

他習慣於鄉村生活。

He will get used to getting up early.

他將會習慣於早起。

注意:be used to do 的意思是「被用來做……」。例如:

Wood is used to make paper.

木材被用來造紙。

7. both…and…兩者都……

用來連接兩個並列成分;當連接兩個並列主語時,其後謂語動詞用復數。例如:

Both the students and the teachers will go to the History Museum tomorrow.

不論老師還是學生明天都會去歷史博物館。

8. can』t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

help在此的意思是「抑制,忍住」,其後接動詞-ing形式。例如:

His joke is too funny. We can』t help laughing.

他的笑話太有趣了,我們禁不止笑了起來。

9. sth. costs sb. some money 某物花費某人多少錢

此句型的主語是物。cost一詞帶的是雙賓語,它的過去式、過去分詞和原型一樣。

This book cost me five yuan.

這本書花了我五元錢。

10. either…or… 不是……就是……,或者……或者……

用來連接兩個並列成分,當連接並列主語時,謂語動詞與鄰近的主語保持一致。

You may either stay here or go home.

你可以呆在這兒,也可以回家。

Either she or I am right. = Either I or she is right.

不是她對就是我對。

11. enough (for sb.) to do sth. 足夠……做……

在此結構中,for用來引出不定式的邏輯主語。例如:

The ice isn』t thick enough for you to walk on.

這冰還沒有厚到你可以在上面走的程度。

12. feel like doing sth. 想要做某事

此處like為介詞,後面跟動詞-ing形式。此句型與would like to do sth.同義。例如:

I feel like drinking a cup of milk.

我想喝一杯牛奶。

13. feel/find/think it adj./n. to do sth. 認為某事……

在此結構中it為形式賓語,不定式短語作真正的賓語。例如:

I find it very interesting to play football.

我發現踢足球很有趣。

She thinks it her ty to help us.

她認為幫助我們是她的職責。

14. get ready for sth./to do sth.

get ready for sth.意為「為某事做准備」;get ready to do sth.意為「准備做某事」例如:

We are getting ready for the meeting.

我們正在為會議做准備。

They were getting ready to have a sports meet at that moment.

他們那時正准備開運動會。

15. get/receive/ a letter from 收到……的來信

相當於hear from 例如:

Did you receive a letter from John?

你收到約翰的來信了嗎?

I got a letter from my brother yesterday.

我昨天收到了我弟弟的一封來信。

16. had better (not) do sth. 最好(別)做某事

had better為情態動詞,其後需用動詞原形。had better常用縮寫,變成』d better,其否定形式是在其後直接加not。例如:

We had better go now. = We』d better go now.

我們最好現在走吧。

You』d better not go out because it is windy.

今天刮風,你最好別出去了。

17. have sth. done 使(某事)完成 (動作由別人完成)

sth.為賓語,done為過去分詞作補語。例如:

We had the machine repaired.

我們請人把機器修好了。

注意區分: We have repaired the machine. 我們(自己)已經修好了機器。

18. help sb. (to) do sth./with sth. 幫助某人(做)某事

其中的to可以省略。例如:

I often help my mother with housework.

我常常幫助媽媽做家務。

Would you please help me (to) look up these words?

請你幫助我查查這些詞好嗎?

19. How do you like…? 你認為……怎麼樣?

與what do you think of …?同義。 例如:

How do you like the weather in Beijing?你

認為北京的天氣怎麼樣? 你覺得這部新電影如何?

20. I don』t think/believe that… 我認我/相信……不……

其中的not是對賓語從句進行否定而不是對主句否定(否定前移)。that可省略。例如:

I don』t think it will rain.

我認為天不會下雨。

I don』t believe the girl will come.

我相信那女孩不會來了。

21. It happens that… 碰巧……

相當於happen to do。例如:

It happened that I heard their secret.

可改寫為: I happened to hear their secret.

我碰巧聽到了他們的秘密。

22. It』s/has been +一段時間+since從句 自從某時起做某件事情已經一段時間了

該句型中since引導的時間狀語從句常用一般過去時。例如:

It』s twenty years since he came here.

他來這里已經20年了。

It has been six years since he married Mary.

他和瑪麗結婚已經六年了。

23. It is +adj./n. + for sb. to do sth. 做某事對某人來說……

It是形式主語,真正的主語是不定式to do sth。例如:

It』s not easy for us to study English well.

對我們來說學好英語並不容易。

It』s a good idea for us to travel to the south.

去南方旅行對我們來說是個好主意。

24. It』s + adj. + of sb. to do sth.

It是形式主語,to do sth.是真正的主語, 當表語(即形容詞)能對邏輯主語描述時,常用介詞of,而不用for。例如:

It』s very polite of you to give your seat to old people.

你給老人讓座,非常有禮貌。

25. It seems/appears (to sb) that… (在某人看來)好像……

此句中的it是主語,that引導的是表語從句。例如:

It seems that he is lying. 看樣子他好像是在撒謊。

It appears to me that he never smiles. 在我看來,他從來沒有笑過。

26. It is +數詞+metres/kilometers long/wide… ……是多少米(公里)長(寬)

用來表示物體的長(寬,高),如數詞大於一,名詞要用復數。例如:

It is 20 metres long from this end to that end. 從這端到那端有二十米長。

27. It』s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人干某事的時候了

it是形式主語,真正的主語是動詞不定式to do sth. 例如:

It』s time for the child to go to bed.

孩子該睡覺了。

比較下面兩種結構:

① It』s time for + n. 例如:

It』s time for school.

②It』s time to do sth. 例如:

It』s time to go to school.

28. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花費某人多少時間做某事

it是形式主語,真正的主語是動詞不定式to do sth。例如:

It takes her fifteen minutes to walk to the bus stop from here.

從這兒走著到公交車站將花費她15分鍾。

It took the old man three days to finish the work.

那個老人花了三天時間完成這項工作。

29. keep (on) doing sth. 一直堅持做某事

keep doing sth.一般用於靜態動詞。keep on doing sth.意為「繼續不停地做某事」,一般用於動態動詞,但二者的區別並不是很嚴格,有時可以互換。例如:

Don』t keep on doing such foolish things.

不要再做這樣的傻事了。

He kept sitting there all day.

他整天坐在那裡。

30. keep…from doing sth. 阻止......做某事

相當於stop…from doing sth., prevent…from doing sth. 在主動句中,stop和prevent後面的from可以省略,但在被動結構中,from不可以省略。例如:

Please keep the children from swimming in the sea.

請別讓孩子到海里游泳。

The big noise outside my room stopped me from doing my homework.

屋外巨大的噪音使我不能做作業。

31. keep sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事

不可和keep sb.from doing sth.結構混淆。

例如:Why do you keep me waiting for a long time? 你為什麼讓我等了很長時間?

32. make sb. do sth. 使某人干某事

make意為「使」時,其後要有不帶to的動詞不定式。

例如:He made me work ten hours a day. 他讓我每天工作10小時。

注意:上句如改為被動語態,則work 前的to不能省略。例如:

I was made to work ten hours a day.

33. neither…nor… 既不……也不……

當連接兩個並列主語時,謂語動詞與鄰近的主語取得一致(就進一致原則)。例如:

Neither we nor Jack knows him. 我們和傑克都不認識他。

He neither knows nor cares what happened. 他對發生的事情不聞不問。

34. not…until… 直到……才......

until後可跟名詞或從句,表示時間。例如:

He didn』t come until late in the evening.他直到晚上很遲才來。

He didn』t arrive until the game began. 直到比賽開始他才來。

35. sb. pays money for sth. 某人花錢買某物

此句型主語是人。例如:

I』ve already paid 2,000 yuan for the motor bike. 我已經花了2000元買這輛摩托車。

36. spend time/money on sth./(in)doing sth. 花費(時間、錢)在某事上/做某事

其中in可以省略,通常主語為「人」。例如:

I spent five yuan on this book. 我在這本書上花了五元錢。

I spent two hours (in) doing my homework yesterday. 昨晚我花了兩個小時做作業。

37. so…that… 太……以至於……

用於復合句,that引導的是結果狀語從句。so是副詞,後面應接形容詞或副詞,如果接名詞,應用such。 例如:

The ice is so thin that you can』t walk on it. 冰太薄了,你不能在上面走。

He is such a kind man that we all like him. 他是一個非常好的人,我們都很喜歡他。

38. stop to do sth., stop doing sth.

stop to do sth. 意為「停下來去做另一件事」,stop doing sth.意為「停止正在做的事」例如:

You』re too tired. You』d better stop to have a rest. 你們太累了,最好停下來休息一會兒。

The teacher is coming. Let』s stop talking. 老師來了,咱們別說話了。

39. Thank you for doing sth. 感激你做了某事。

for之後除了加動名詞doing外,還可以加名詞。例如:

Thank you for giving me the present. 謝謝你給我的禮物。

Thank you for your help. =Thank you for helping me.謝謝你的幫助。

40. thanks to 多虧……,由於……

thanks後的s不能省略,to是介詞。例如:

Thanks to my friend Jim, I』ve worked out this problem. 多虧了我朋友吉姆的幫助,我已經解決了這個問題。

41. There be句型

①在此結構中,there是引導詞,在句中不能充當任何成分,也不必翻譯出來。句中的主語是某人或某物,謂語動詞be要與主語的數保持一致。例如:

There is a man at the door. 門口有一個人。

當主語是由兩個或者兩者以上的名詞充當時,謂語動詞be要跟它鄰近的那個名詞的數一致(就近一致)。例如:

There are two dogs and a cat under the table.桌下有兩只狗和一隻貓。

比較:There is a cat and two dogs under the table.

②There be 句型中的be不能用have來代替,但可以用lie(位於,躺),stand(矗立),exist(生存),live(生活)等詞來替換。例如:

There stand a lot of tall buildings on both sides of the street. 街道兩旁矗立著許多高樓。

There lies lake in front of our school.我們學校前面有一個湖。

Once there lived a king here. 這兒曾經有一個國王。

There is going to be a sports meeting next week. 下周准備開一個運動會。

there be 的拓展結構: there seem(s)/happen(s) to be…

There seems to be one mistake in spelling.

似乎有一處拼寫錯誤。

There happened to be a ruler here. 這兒碰巧有把尺子。

There seemed to be a lot of people there. 那兒似乎有很多人。

42. The + adj.比較級, the + adj.比較級 越……,越……

此句型表示一方隨另一方的變化而變化。例如:

The harder he works, the happier he feels.他工作越努力,就感到越幸福。

The more, the better. 多多益善。

43. too+adj./adv. +to do sth. 太……以至於不能…….

此句型為簡單句,後面的to表示否定含義。例如:

The ice is too thin for you to walk on. 這冰太薄,你不能在上面走。

The bag is too heavy to carry. 這個袋子太重搬不動。

44. used to do sth. 過去常常做某事

used to是情態動詞,表示過去的習慣動作或狀態,現在已不存在,因此只用於過去時態。例如:

He used to get up early. 他過去總早起。

When I was yong, I used to play tennis very often. 我年輕時經常打網球。

否定形式有兩種:didn』t use to;used not to,例如:

He didn』t use to come. = He usedn』t to come. 他過去不常來。

45. what about…? ……怎麼樣?

後面可接名詞、代詞、動名詞等。與「how about…?」同義。例如:

We have been to Hainan. What about you? 我們去過海南,你呢?

What about going to the park on Sunday? 星期天去公園怎麼樣?

46. What day/date is it today? 今天星期幾(幾月幾日)?

—What day is it today?

—Sunday.

—What date is it today?

—June 24th.

47. What』s wrong (the matter) with…? ……怎麼了?

What』s wrong with you, Madam? 夫人,您怎麼了?

You look worried. What』s wrong with you? 你看上去很焦急,出什麼事了?

48. Why not do…? 為什麼不做……?

謂語動詞用原形。與Why don』t you do…?同義。例如:

Why not go to see the film with us?= Why don』t you go to see the film with us? 為什麼不和我們一起去看電影呢?

49. would like to do sth. 想做……

後用動詞不定式作賓語。例如:

I would like to drink a cup of tea.我想喝一杯茶。

疑問句式:Would you like (to drink) a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶嗎?

50. adj./adv.比較級 + and adj./adv.比較級 越來越......

若形容詞/副詞為雙音節詞及多音節詞,則這一結構變為「more and more +形容詞/副詞」。例如:

It』s getting warmer and warmer. 天氣變得越來越暖和了。

The little girl becomes more and more beautiful. 小女孩變得越來越漂亮了。

51. adj.比較級+than

than引導的是典型的比較級句型,表示「一者比另一者……」,其前用形容詞或副詞的比較級,than從句可以用省略形式。例如:

I know you better than she does. 我比她更了解你。

This house is bigger than that one. 這所房子比那所房子大。

52. though-從句

though引導的是讓步狀語從句,意思是「雖然……但是……」。但不能和but連用,英語中表達「雖然……,但是……」時,though和but只能用一個。例如:

Though it was snowing, it was not very cold. 雖然下著雪,可並不太冷。

I was late for the last bus though I hurried. 雖然我拚命趕路,還是沒搭上最後一班公交車。

We didn』t feel tired though we walked a long way. 雖然我們走了很長的路程,但是並沒有感到累。

53. if-從句

If 引導的是條件狀語從句,「如果;假如「。如主句用一般將來時,if從句要用一般現在時(主將從現)。例如:

If I go to the Great Wall tomorrow, would you like to come along? 如果明天我去長城,你會和我一起去嗎?

If it rains tomorrow, I won』t go. 如果明天下雨,我就不去了。

54. because-從句

引導原因狀語從句,「因為」。 例如:

He didn』t hear the knocking at the door because he was listening to the radio. 他沒有聽見敲門聲,因為他正在聽收音機。

55. so + do/be + 主語

「So + be/助動詞/情態動詞 + 主語」 表示前面所述內容也適用於另一人或物。be、助動詞或情態動詞的選擇視前面陳述句中謂語動詞的時態形式而定。例:

He likes football and so do I. 他喜歡足球,我也如此。

Jim was playing football just now and so was Tom. 剛才吉姆在踢足球,湯姆也在踢足球。

比較: 「So +主語+be/助動詞/情態動詞.」結構,是用來證實前一句所表達的內容(起強調作用)。be、助動詞或情態動詞的選擇視前面陳述句中謂語動詞的時態形式而定。

A: It is very hot today. 今天天氣很熱。

B: So it is. 確實如此。

56. not only…but also… 不但……而且……

常用來連接語法作用相同的詞、短語或句子。連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞要和緊靠它的主語在人稱和數上保持一致。例如:

She likes not only singing but also dancing. 她不但喜歡唱歌,而且喜歡跳舞。

He is not only a good doctor but also a good father. 他不但是個好醫生而且是個好爸爸。

Not only I but also he is hoping to go there. 不但我而且他也想去那兒。

57. prefer…to… 喜歡……勝過…...

prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. 意為「兩者相比更喜歡(做)其中之一」。在此結構中,to是介詞,接名詞或動名詞,結構中前後所跟成分一樣。例如:

He prefers tea to coffee. 茶與咖啡相比,他更喜歡茶。

He prefers doing shopping to going fishing.購物與釣魚相比,他更喜歡購物。

58. 感嘆句型

What (a/an) + adj. + n. +主語+謂語! How + adj./adv.+ +主語+謂語! 例如:

What a clever boy (he is)! =How clever the boy is! 這個男孩兒多聰明啊!

What a wonderful film we saw last night! 昨天晚上我們看的電影多精彩啊!

How lovely the weather is! 天氣多好啊!

How hard he works! 他工作多麼努力啊!

59. 祈使句型

祈使句型表示命令、請求、勸告等含義。說話的對象通常為第二人稱,習慣上常省略。句末用句號或感嘆號。肯定祈使句是:謂語動詞用動詞原形表示。否定祈使句是:在謂語動詞前加do not(don』t)。例如:

Be here on time tomorrow. 明天准時到這兒來。

Say it in English! 用英語說!

Don』t be afraid! 別怕!

Don』t look out of the window! 不要朝窗外看!

60. 並列句型

用並列連詞連接起來的兩個或兩個以上的簡單句叫並列句。連接並列句常用的連接詞有:and, but, or, so, however, not only…but also..., neither…nor..., either…or…等。例如:

I help her and she helps me. 我幫助她,她幫助我。

He is very old but he is in good health. 他年紀很大了,但他身體很好。

We must hurry, or we』ll be late. 我們得趕快走,不然就晚了。

Kate does her work carefully, so she never makes any mistakes. 凱特工作很認真,從不出錯。

4. 初中英語知識點,重點語法總結

一般現在時 do
一般過去時 did
一般將來時 will do
現在進行時 is(am are)doing
過去進行時 was(were)doing
一般過去將來時 would do
過去完成時態 had done
現在完成時 have(has)done
一、 一般現在時
1、定義 表示經常發生的動作或存在的狀態,如能力、特徵、性質、身份等。
2、構成 1) be --- is, am, are 2) 實意動詞用原形表示 (注意當主語為第三人稱單數時,動詞 + s或 + es)
句型轉換 1) 情態動詞,聯系動詞提前或直接在其後加 not 2) 實意動詞加do/ does或don't/ doesn't
3、用法 1) 表示經常性的、習慣性的或永久性的動作,常與 always, usually, often, sometimes, every day,
twice a month等連用. e.g. Does he usually go to school on foot?
2) 表示存在的狀態,常用動詞 be, have, love, like, know, see, hear, think, have, belong to 等。注意這些
動詞一般不用被動語態. e.g. He doesn't like music.
3) 表示不受時間限制的客觀事實或普遍真理. e.g. The earth goes round the sun.
二、一般過去時
1、定義 表示過去某一時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態,可能是一次的,也可能是經常的,動作已完成。
2、構成 1) be – was,were 2) 實意動詞用過去式來表示,沒有人稱和數的變化。
句型轉換 1) was, were 提前或直接加 not 2) 實意動詞加did或didn't(動詞改為原形)
3、用法 1) 表示過去某一時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與表示過去的時間狀語連用 yesterday , last Friday, in 1994, an hour ago, a moment ago, last November, before 1997, on December 26, 1976. yesterday morning.
2) 表示過去經常或反復發生的動作。 When I was in the university, I did morning exercises every day.
3) had(have的過去式)當「有」講時,構成疑問和否定有兩種形式,其他詞義同實意動詞。
Did you have no friends? He hasn't enough time.
My father doesn't have lunch at factory. (不用 haven't) Did you have a good time?
三、一般將來時
1、定義 表示將來某一時間內要發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。如tomorrow, today, this week, next week, next month, next year, next Wednesday, from now on, in a year, in the future
2、構成和用法1)shall (第一人稱)和will (所有人稱) + 動詞原形, 縮寫為 「'll」,否定縮寫為shan't, won't。
2) be going to do,常用於口語,表示打算去做的事和可能要發生的事。 It's going to rain.
3) is/ am/ are about to do...when...表馬上要發生的事,不與時間連用。I was about to leave when it rained.
4) be to do sth. 按計劃或職責、義務要求必須做的事或即將發生的動作。
5) 終止性動詞come, go, leave, arrive等的現在進行時刻表示按計劃,安排或即將進行的動作。
6) 以if, as soon as, when, once, unless等引導的從句的一般現在時表示一般將來時。
四、過去將來時
1、定義 表示從過去某一時間來看將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。
2、構成及用法 should (第一人稱)或would (第二,三人稱) + 動詞原形,常用於賓語從句中。
We asked him where we should have a meeting. 其他用法見一般將來時。
五、現在進行時和過去進行時
定義:現在進行時表示1)現在正在進行的動作 2)現階段一直在進行,延續性 3)目前階段臨時發生的動作,暫時性。 is/ am/ are + doing
過去進行時表示1)過去某時正在進行的動作 2)過去某段時間正在進行的動作 3)過去瞬間發生的動作。was/ were + doing
Notes:1. 表安排、計劃要發生的動作可用進行時表示將來時。這些終止性動詞有arrive, begin, come, go, leave, start
2. 現在進行時與always, often等頻率副詞連用,表示厭煩、贊嘆等感情。
3. 在條件從句中,時間狀語從句中用現在進行時表示將來進行時。
4. 同理,在表條件、時間狀語從句中,用過去進行時表示過去將來進行時,在一些表開始,離開的動詞用過去進行時表過去將來時。
用法: 1. 現在完成時表示現階段完成的動作或存在的狀態,動作或狀態從過去開始延續到現在,可能終止,
即動作發生在過去強調對現在的影響,與現在有關,常與 already, ever, lately, just, now, recently, yet,
for + 段時間, since + 點時間;in the last/ past three years, so far, by now, up to now/ present等連用
2. 過去時指過去某時或某一段時間發生的動作或存在的狀態。指的現在之前的情況,與現在無關
3. 過去完成時指的過去某一時間動作之前發生的動作或存在的狀態,「過去的過去」。常用句型:
1) had done + before/ when/ by the time + did 2) did + after/ until + had done
3) had done + by/ up/ since/ till + 過去時間 4) No sooner had + S. + done ... than ... did ...
5) Hardly/ Scarcely had + S. + done ... when ... did ... 6) had meant to do …
Notes: 1. just「剛才」表示剛剛過去,可以看成與說話時間緊密相連,可與現在完成時連用,也可以與過去時連用。但just now「剛才」=a moment ago, 只表示過去時間,只與過去時連用。
2. 一些終止性動詞不能用完成時態的肯定句與延續多久的時間狀語連用,要用表狀態的動詞或用動詞+介詞短語或+形容詞的完成式,還可以用it is+多少時間+since的句型。
3. since自從……以來 conj + 從句 prep + 表示「時間點」的名詞。for prep.+ 多少時間,表示一段時間。
He has been studying since 3 o'clock/ since 3 hours ago/ since he came. He's been here for five hours.
4. in the past/last+多少時間,表示最近一段時間,用完成時,不用過去時。
5. have been去過某地(不在去過地)have gone到某地去了(不在說話地方)。一,二人稱不能用have gone。 6. 在美語中have/ has got = have/ has。
7. hardly...when..., no sooner...than... 引導倒裝句,常與過去完成時連用。
8. hope, intend, mean, plan, think, want常用過去完成時表示過去的意圖而實際沒有實現的情況

5. 初三英語知識點,句型。比如定語從句等。

一、 定語從句
· 定語從句的定義
定語從句在句子中作定語,用來修飾一個名詞、名詞片語或者代詞。
· 先行詞和引導詞
被修飾的名詞、名詞片語或代詞叫做先行詞;
在先行詞和定語從句之間起連接作用的詞叫做引導詞。
引導詞分為「關系代詞」和「關系副詞」。
· 關系代詞和關系副詞
關系代詞有:who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
關系副詞有:when, where, why。 注意:關系副詞裡面沒有how。
如果要修飾方式,用that或in which引導,或者不用引導詞。
I don』t like the way (that, in which) he eyed me.
我不喜歡他看我的那個樣子。
· 關系代詞:who
關系動詞who在從句中主要作主語,在非正式語體里who還可以作從句中的賓語。
He is the man who wants to see you.
He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday.
· 關系代詞:whom
He is the man (whom) I saw in the park yesterday.
(whom在從句中作賓語)
· 關系代詞:whose
whose 用來指人或物,(只能用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換)。
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
Please pass me the book whose cover is green. (of which the cover/the cover of which)
· 關系代詞:which(1)
which指物,在從句中作主語或賓語,作賓語時在非正式語體中可以省略。
They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.
The farm (which) we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing.
· 關系代詞:which(2)
當在which和that面前進行選擇的情況下,一般情況下要選which:
1.在非限制性定語從句中通常用which作引導詞,而不能用that做非限制性定語從句的引導詞。
2. 修飾整個主句。
I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity.
3. 修飾謂語部分。
He can swim in the river, which I cannot.
4. 介詞 + which
They are all questions to which there are no answers.
· 關系代詞:that(1)
that多用來指物,有時也可以用來指人;在從句中作主語或賓語。指物的時候多用that,也可用which。
It』s a question that (which) needs careful consideration.
(指物,作主語。)
Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree?
(指人,作主語。)
The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Tom』s sister.
(指人,作賓語,可省略。)
· 關系代詞:that(2)
在以下的情況中,只能用that作引導詞,而不能用which作引導詞。
1. 先行詞為all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代詞時。
All (that) she lacked was training.
2. 先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
3. 先行詞被序數詞和the last修飾時
4. 先行詞中既有人又有物時
They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.
5. 主句是含有who或which的特殊疑問句,為了避免重復時
二、 狀語從句
1 地點狀語從句
地點狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導。
Where I live there are plenty of trees.
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
2 方式狀語從句
方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引導。
1) as, (just) as…so…引導的方式狀語從句通常位於主句後,但在(just) as…so…結構中位於句首,這時as從句帶有比喻的含義,意思是"正如…","就像",多用於正式文體,例如:
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎樣待你,你就要怎樣待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我們離不開空氣,猶如魚兒離不開水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打掃房屋一樣,我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落後的東西。
2) as if, as though
兩者的意義和用法相同,引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣,表示與事實相反,有時也用陳述語氣,表示所說情況是事實或實現的可能性較大。漢譯常作"彷彿……似的","好像……似的",例如:
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他們完全忽略了這些事實,就彷彿它不存在似的。(與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。(與事實相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看來天氣很快就會好起來。(實現的可能性較大,謂語用陳述語氣。)
說明:as if / as though也可以引導一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語,例如:
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不轉睛地看著我,就像第一次看見我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子,像要說什麼似的。
3 原因狀語從句
比較:because, since, as和for
1) because語勢最強,用來說明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知,就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2) 由because引導的從句如果放在句末,且前面有逗 號,則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因,而是多種情況加以推斷,就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
4 目的狀語從句
表示目的狀語的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, in case等詞引導,例如:
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
5 結果狀語從句
結果狀語從句常由so… that 或 such…that引導,掌握這兩個句型,首先要了解so 和 such與其後的詞的搭配規律。
比較:so和 such
其規律由so與such的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞,修飾名詞或名詞片語,so 是副詞,只能修飾形容詞或副詞。 so 還可與表示數量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用,形成固定搭配。
so foolish such a fool
so nice a flower such a nice flower
so many / few flowers such nice flowers
so much / little money. such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
( so many 已成固定搭配,a lot of 雖相當於 many,但 a lot of 為名詞性的,只能用such搭配。)
so…that與such…that之間的轉換既為 so與such之間的轉換。
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school
6 條件狀語從句
連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.
if 引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。
unless = if not.
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.
7 讓步狀語從句
though, although
注意: 當有though, although時,後面的從句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可連用
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.
3) ever if, even though. 即使
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or- 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5) "no matter +疑問詞" 或"疑問詞+後綴ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替換:no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意:no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。
(錯)No matter what you say is of no use now.
(對)Whatever you say is of no use now.
你現在說什麼也沒用了。(Whatever you say是主語從句)
(錯)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,
(對)Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given. 囚犯們只能給什麼吃什麼。
8 比較while, when, as
1)as, when 引導短暫性動作的動詞。
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2)當從句的動作發生於主句動作之前,只能用when 引導這個從句,不可用as 或 while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3)從句表示"隨時間推移"連詞能用as,不用when 或while。
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一天天過去,天氣越變越壞。
9 比較until和till
此兩個連詞意義相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某時",動詞必須是延續性的。否定形式表達的意思是"直至某時才做某事"。動詞為延續性或非延續性都可 以。 正確使用這兩個連詞的關鍵之一就在於判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式。
肯定句:
I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。
(在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.)
否定句:
She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
1)Until可用於句首,而till通常不用於句首。
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告訴我以前,出了什麼事我一點也不知道。
2)Until when 疑問句中,until要放在句首。
---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什麼時候?
--- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。
注意:否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。
(1)Not until …在句首,主句用倒裝。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世紀初,人類才知道熱能是什麼。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我開始工作,我才認識到了我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。
(2) It is not until… that…
10 表示"一…就…"的結構
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than 和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思,例:
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意:如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置於句首,句子必須用倒裝結構:
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
三、 名詞性從句
1).賓語從句(The Object Clause);
· 賓語從句
在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句的引導詞和主語從句的引導詞相同。賓語從句可以作及物動詞的賓語,作短語動詞的賓語,介詞的賓語。
· 賓語從句:及物動詞
Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees.
· 賓語從句:短語動詞
Please go and find out when the train will arrive.
· 賓語從句:介詞的賓語
I am interested in what she is doing.
· 賓語從句:否定的轉移
I don't suppose you're used to this diet.
我想你不習慣這種飲食。
I don't believe she'll arrive before 8.
我相信她8點之前不會到。
2).表語從句(The Predicative Clause);
· 表語從句
在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句。表語從句的引導詞和主語從句的引導詞相同。
What the police want to know is when you entered the room.
This is what we should do.
That's why I want you to work there.
as if, as though, because也可用來引導表語從句。
She seems as if she had done a great thing.
It is because you eat too much.
· 虛擬語氣:表語從句
主語是idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, request等名詞時,作表語從句的動詞為原形動詞或should+原形動詞。
My suggestion is that we (should) go and help him.
Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.
3).同位語從句(The Appositive Clause)。
· 同位從句一般跟在某些名詞如answer(答案),hope(希望),fact(事實),belief (信仰),news(消息),idea(主意;觀念),promise(承諾),information(信息),conclusion(結論),order(命令), suggestion(建議),problem(問題),thought (想法)等後面。例如:
I had no idea that you were here.
She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.
He made a promise that he would never come late.
· 同位語從句:whether
whether可以引導同位語從句,而定語從句不能用whether作為引導詞。
He hasn』t made the decision whether he will go there.
I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.
· 同位語從句:what
what可以引導同位語從句,而定語從句不能用what作為引導詞
I have no idea what he is doing now.
· 同位語從句:how
how可以引導同位語從句,而定語從句不能用how作為引導詞
It』s a question how he did it.
· 同位語從句和定語從句的區別(1)
同位語從句和先行詞是同等的關系;而定語從句是用來修飾先行詞,是從屬的關系。
· 同位語從句和定語從句的區別(2)
that在同位語從句中沒有詞義,不充當句子成分;而在定語從句中充當主語、賓語等句子成分。
· 同位語從句和定語從句的區別(3)
whether, what, how可以用來引導同位語從句;而它們不能用來引導定語從句。