㈠ 初三英語知識點（全部）
Unit1：by 的用法 by+v-ing
Unit2：used to be 是重點 意思是 「過去常常」
Unit3：被動語態 sb should be allowed to do sth 「某人應該被允許做某事
Unit4：虛擬語氣 If i were …，i would …
Unit5：sth belong to sb 某物屬於某人
Unit6：定語從句
Unit7：知識點多 忘了 ⊙﹏⊙
Unit8：put off+v-ing , work as, sw+adj
Unit9：被動語態 本單元重點單詞：invent，be invented ，inventor
Unit10：過去完成時 標志性詞語：by the time,realize
Unit11：賓語從句，注意從句的語序 和先行詞
Unit12：be supposed to 句型
Unit13:make sb do sth ,make sb adj
Unit14：現在完成時：have done結構
Unit15：各個單元都有一些 單詞表裡單詞的句型
ps:每個單元的標題很重要
過去常常做某事 used to do sth 習慣做某事 be used to doing sth 激光唱機 a CD player 輸入 put into 全神貫注於……中 put one』s heart into 想出、提供 come up with 拾起某物 pick up sth 向某人借某物 borrow sth from sb 把某物借給某人 lend sb sth/lend sth to sb 帶給某人知識 give sb knowledge 在校園內的室外 outside in the schoolyard 忘記要做某事 forget to do sth 忘記曾經做過的事 forget doing sth 第二天 the next day 上一周 last week 幾天以後 several days later 遲早 sooner or later 更糟糕的是 what be worse 為……而付款 pay for… 所借的書 borrowed books 在國外 be abroad 整理床鋪 make the bed 把某物歸還給某人 return sth to sb 從某人處得到某物get sth from sb 順手拿走、偷走 walk away with 鼓勵某人做某事 encourage ab to do sth Unit 2 水上運動 water sports 一天三次 three times a day 嘗試 have a try / want a go 遍及全世界 all over the world 許許多多、大量 a large number of 一年到頭，終年 all the year round 不管 no matter 放棄做某事 give up doing sth 放棄工作 give up one』s job 以沖浪為生 live to surf 看起來令人興奮 look exciting 因……而著名 be famous for 在A和B之間 between A and B 例如 for example 從那時起 ever since 打零工 a part-time assistant 休息一晚 have a night off 使某人舒暢（開心）make sb fit 樂趣無窮 such great fun 動身去某地 leave for sw. 一等獎 first prize 沖浪競賽 a surfing competition 奧林匹克運動會 Olympic Games 出差,因公 on business 時光飛逝，光陰似箭，日月如梭 (How) time flies! 迄今為止 so far 到某處旅遊 travel to sw. 試著做某事 trying doing sth 盡力做某事 try to do sth 一個十二歲的男孩 a 12-year-old boy / a boy of 12 實現 come true 走進、踏入 step into 減速 slow down 又過了兩個小時 another two hours 高度贊揚 speak highly of 因……感到自豪 be proud of doing sth / be proud to do sth 是…..的驕傲 be the pride of sb Unit 3 造紙廠 a paper factory 找出、查明 find out 傾倒, 倒入 pour… into 污水、廢水 waste water 害怕某事（物） be afraid of sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth 傳到某人耳中 come to one』s ears 將某物投入 throw sth in 將某物投入某處 throw sth into sw. 幫助做某事 help (to) do sth 保持城市整潔 keep the city clean 保護環境 protect the environment 綠化中國 Greener China 亂丟某物 litter / throw sth about 以……為根據 base on /be based on 在公共場所吐痰 spit in a public place 為干某事而做出(巨大)貢獻 make a (great) contribution to doing sth 砍伐 cut down 收垃圾的車 a truck collecting rubbish Unit 4 盡快 as soon/quickly as possible; as soon /quickly as one can 現在 right now 乘飛機旅行 travel by plane/ air 匆匆行程 a rushed trip 火車旅途 a train ride 打的前往 take a taxi to 卧鋪車箱 a sleeping car 四處走走 walk around 感到疲憊 feel tired 打牌 play cards 一直不斷干某事 keep doing sth 不斷老是做某事 keep on doing sth 為某人提供某物 offer sb sth 練習干某事 practise doing sth 很快睡熟了 fall fast asleep 持久 last long 持續一段時間 last for some time 旅行 go on a trip/ have a trip / be on a trip 拍照 take photos / pictures 趕快 hurry up 在某人一生中 in one』s life 留言 leave a message 沖洗, 顯影 come out Unit 5 過來、加油 come on 開家庭會議 have a family meeting 談論 talk about 去度假 go for a holiday / go on holiday 決定干某事 decide to do sth 潛水 scuba diving 在網際網路上 on the Internet 上網查尋 search the Internet 雙擊左鍵 double left click 網際網路圖標 the Internet icon 鍵入網址 type in the Website 按回車鍵 press the enter button 花市 a flower market 馴鹿公園 a deer park 單程 one-way trip 往返雙程 round trip 珊瑚礁 coral reefs 快速列車 a fast train 向前走 walk along 照直走 go straight along 請稍等 just / wait a minute Unit 6 報警 call the police 出事故 have an accident 去沖浪 go surfing 騎馬 ride a horse 拜訪某人 visit sb 允許某人做某事 allow sb to do sth 使它成為可能 make it possible 水下呼吸器 the scuba machine 對……感興趣 be interested in 攝像 make videos 製作電視節目 make a TV show 對……感到驚訝 be amazed /surprised at 保護環境 save /protect the environment 保持某物清潔 keep sth clean 清理、打掃 clean up 鼓勵某人干某事 encourage sb to do sth 參加……活動 take part in sth /doing sth 長達…… as long as… 在世界上 on earth / in the world 以……為生、為主食 feed on… 在沙灘上 on the beaches 警告某人做某事 warn sb to do sth 去看望、拜訪某人go to visit sb 走出 get out of 就這么定了。 That』s a deal. Unit 7 能 be able to 持續做…… keep doing sth 讓某人持續做某事 keep sb doing sth 操作、從事、致力於…… work on sth 改變世界 change the world 試驗新的想法（創新）try out new ideas 在校上學 be in school 與……無/有關 have nothing / something to do with… 對……感興趣 be interested in 在12歲時 at the age of 12 鐵軌 railway tracks 沖過去 rush out 把孩子抱到安全地帶carry the boy to safety 如此……以致…… so… that… 對……評價高，看重 think a lot of 考慮、關心 think of 開發 open up 關小 turn dow ...
㈡ 九年級英語基本語法知識
呵呵 希望對你有所幫助 祝樓主進步哈
By是個很常用的介詞（有時也用作副詞）,在初中英語中的用法有以下幾種： 1.意為「在……旁」、「靠近」.如： Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大樹下唱歌跳舞,有的在湖邊畫畫兒. 2.意為「不遲於」、「到……時為止」.如： Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的兒子在晚飯前會好的. How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上個學期末你們已經學了多少首英語歌曲? 3.表示方法、手段,可譯作「靠」、「用」、「憑借」、「通過」、「乘坐」等.如： The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在樹上哈哈大笑. The boy』s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父親是那麼的感激,於是他教愛迪生怎樣通過鐵路電報來傳達信息. 4.表示「逐個」、「逐批」的意思.如： One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他們一個一個得在黑暗中經過這張桌子.5.表示「根據」、「按照」的意思.如：What time is it by your watch? 你的表幾點了? 6.和take , hold等動詞連用,說明接觸身體的某一部分.如： I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手. 7.用於被動句中,表示行為主體,常譯作「被」、「由」等.如： English is spoken by many people. 英語被許多人所說.（即「許多人講英語.」） 8.組成其它短語. 1) by the way : 意為「順便說」、「順便問一下」,常做插入語.如： By the way , where』s Li Ping , do you know?
順便問一下,李平在哪兒.你知道嗎? 2) by oneself : 意為「單獨」、「自行」.如： I can』t leave her by herself. 我不能把她單獨留下. 3) by and by : 意為「不久以後」、「不一會兒」.如： But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以後,越來越多的人開始學英語了.
二、動名詞的構成動詞後加動名詞doing,相當於名詞,在句子中可以做主語、賓語、表語定語等.1）作主語（這種用法常考）
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方與北方開戰了.2）作賓語Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
請問你介意調小一點收音機的音量嗎?3）作表語Babysister』s job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children.保姆的工作是洗衣服,作飯和照看孩子.
Unit2
used to 的用法：（1）肯定句：used這個詞沒有人稱的變化,to後面接動詞原形. 否定句是didn』t use to….
When I was a child, I didn』t use to like apples.當我還是孩子的時候我不喜歡蘋果.
疑問形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?當你來這兒之前你住哪兒?
（2）含有used to 的句子的反意疑問句不要usedn』t + 主語,而用didn』t ＋ 主語.He used to *** oke, didn』t he? 他過去常常吸煙,是嗎?Yes, he did./ No, he didn』t. 是的,他吸./ 不,他不吸.
（3）used to 表示過去的習慣動作, 而不是現在的.I am used to the weather here. 我已經習慣於這里的天氣了.He is used to hard work. 他習慣於艱苦的工作.
（4）used to 可以和be, have 以及其他狀態動詞連用,描寫過去的狀態. I used to be a waiter, but now I』m a taxi-driver.我過去是一個服務員,但現在我是計程車司機.
本單元的許多運用used to 的句子屬於描述過去的狀態.Mario used to be short. 馬力奧過去總是很矮.Amy used to be outgoing. 愛米過去性格外向.Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜過去有一頭直的長頭發.He used to wear black shoes. 他過去常穿黑鞋.
Unit3
本單元重點講到了被動語態的用法 英語動詞的被動語態由助動詞be加及物動詞的過去分詞構成.助動詞be有時態,人稱和數的變化,其變化規則與連系動詞be完全一樣.
一、被動語態的句式變化：
Unit4
虛擬語氣：如果我們所說的不是事實,也不是要求、命令、勸告等,而只是一種假設、願望、建議或是一種實現不了的空想就用虛擬語氣
注意：條件句分兩種,真實條件句和虛擬條件句.只有在虛擬（非真實）條件句中,才用虛擬語氣,而在真實條件句中,要用陳述語氣.
請比較：
（1）If it is sunny tomorrow , we』ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天氣好,我們將會去公園.在這句話中,明天天氣好是完全有可能實現的,並非虛擬、幻想,因此是真實條件句.在本句中,適用「主將從現.」
（2）If I were you , I would go at once.
（如果我是你的話,我立刻就走.）在這句話中,條件句,「如果我是你」,但事實上,我不可能成為你,這只是假設的情況,沒有實現的可能.當條件實現的可能性很小,甚至可以說沒有時,就需要用虛擬語氣來表示,動詞發生了變化.
也就是說虛擬語氣表示和現實的事實相反時,從句用一般過時.
主句用 「should/would/could/ might +動詞原形.
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知識點2. He doesn』t know if he should bring a present.
此處if表示「是否」,引導賓語從句.Should此處表示「應該」.不是虛擬語氣.
E.g.1. I don』t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知識點3.If I were you , I』d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引導的條件狀語從句表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣時,be動詞只能用were,而不能用was.
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知識點4. I don』t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… 「如果……怎麼辦?」相當於 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知識點5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻煩事 ,名詞
常用搭配 ：get ( *** )into trouble get out of trouble what』s the trouble
定語從句
1. who 指人,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作賓語 (作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略, 如介詞提前則不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物,作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
↓
The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new. She is wearing it.
↓
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
↓
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
↓
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在選擇引導定語從句的關系代詞時,有如下要點：
1 由於關系代詞在主句與從句間既起到聯系作用,又在從句中充當一個成分,因此, 要正確判斷關系代詞在從句中的功能,如作主語還是賓語等.
2 當先行詞指人時,關系代詞可用who（做主語,賓語）,that（做主語,賓語）,whom（作賓語）,whose（作定語）
3 當先行詞指物時,關系代詞可用that（做主語,賓語）,which（做主語,賓語）
4 再定語從句中,作賓語的關系代詞長可省略,但在介詞後面的關系代詞不能省略.指人時,介詞後只用whom,指物時,介詞後只用which.
5 在非限制性定語從句中,指人時,只用who,指物時,只用which.Unit8
1、短語動詞小結
常見短語動詞結構有下面幾種：
1.動詞+副詞 如：give up 放棄 turn off 關掉 stay up 熬夜
這種結構有時相當於及物動詞,如果其賓語是代詞,就必須放在動詞和副詞之間,如果是名詞,則既可插在動詞和副詞之間,也可放 在短語動詞後.
2. 動詞+介詞 如：listen of 聽 look at 看 belong to 屬於
這種結構相當於及物動詞,後面跟賓語.
3. 動詞+副詞+介詞 如：e up with 提出,想出 run out of 用完,耗盡
4. 動詞+名詞(介詞) 如：take part in參加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒裝句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用來連接兩個並列的成分
(1)引導以 not only …but (also)… 開頭的句子往往引起部分倒裝.
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒裝句.也是說得要
把前面的句子中的助動詞或者是情態動詞放在主語的前面.如：
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不僅能做到而且做得最好.
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接兩主語時,謂語動詞隨後面的主語人稱和數的變化 也就是就近原則 如：
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓.
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓.
常見的就近原則的結構有：
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (兩者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜歡他.
Either… or… 不是…就是… (兩者中的一個)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be
Unit 9 When was it invented ?
被動語態
被動語態基本用法：當句子的主語是動作的執行者時,謂語的形式是主動語態.當句子的主語是動作的承受者時,謂語要用被動語態.被動語態由助動詞be+過去分詞構成,時態通過be表現出來.
被動語態基本結構：be+及物動詞的過去分詞 (如果是不用物動詞,其過去分詞應帶有相應的介詞)
各種時態的被動語態構成
一般現在時：S（主語）+am/is /are +P.P（動詞的過去分詞）
一般過去時：S+was/were +P.P.
情態動詞：S+ can/may/must/should + be+ P.P.
一般將來時：S+ will+be+ P.P.
現在進行時：S+am/is /are+being +P.P
現在完成時：S+ have/has + been+ P.P.
過去進行時：S+ was/were+being+ P.P.
被動語態基本結構：be+及物動詞的過去分詞
(如果是不用物動詞,其過去分詞應帶有相應的介詞)
被動語態中的be 是助動詞,有人稱、數和時態的變化.
被動語態中動作的發出者或執行者做介詞by的賓語,放在句末,by 表示「由,被」的意思
漢語中含有「據說」、「據悉」、「有人說」、「大家說」等時.例如：
It is believed that …… 人們認為 …… It is said that …… 據說 ……
It is thought that …… 人們認為 …… It is known that …… 眾所周知 ……
It is reported that ……據報道 …… It is proved that ……據證明 ……
It is announced that ……據宣布 …… It is suggested that ……據建議 ……
It is requested that ……據要求 …… It is demanded that ……據要求 ……
典型例題
1、 These eggs ______ in the Gobi Desert by a group of scientists.
A. are founded B. were founded C. found D. were found
此題應該選用D項.從「 These eggs… 」中可知前面的主語是「find」動詞的承受者,而 「…by a group of scientists.」更加證明了這一點,「 were founded」意思為「被成立」,故應該選用「were found」.
2、 I _____ a present by my father on my birthday every year.
A. give B. was given C. will be given D. am given
此題應該選用D項.從「by my father 」中可知前面的主語是「give」動詞的承受者,而 「… . every year」證明了要用現在時態的被動語態結構,故應該選用「am given」.
3、 He was _________ in the open air just now .
A. hearing singing B. heard sing C. heard to sing D. hearing sing
此題應該選用C項.從「He was… 」中可知前面的主語是「hear 」動詞的承受者,而 動詞不定式當中的「hear *** do sth」在被動語態中要加「to 」,故應該選用「heard to sing」.
4、 Several man-made satellites ________ by China in the last few years.
A. have been sent up B. have sent up C. are sent up D. were sent up
此題應該選用A項.從「…by China in the last few years. 」中可知前面的主語是「 send up」動詞的承受者,而 「in the last few years.」意思為「在過去的幾年中」,應該用完成時態, 而不是過去時態,故應該選用「have been sent up」.
5、 Another new road ______in our home town next year.
A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. has been built
此題應該選用C項.從「…next year. 」中可知是將來時態,而前面的主語是「 Another new road」是「 build」動詞的承受者,故應該選用「 will be built」.
Unit 10 By the time I got outside, the bus had already left
1. 過去完成時
(1) 構成：由助動詞had + 過去分詞 構成
否定式：had not + 過去分詞 縮寫形式：hadn』t
(2) 用法
過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了
的動作.
(3) 它所表示的時間是「過去的過去」.
①表示過去某一時間可用by, before 等構成的短語來表示
②也可以用when, before, after 等引導的時間狀語從句來表示
③還可以通過賓語從句或通過上下文暗示.
When I got there, you had already eaten you meal.
當我到達那裡時,你已經開始吃了.
By the time he got here, the bus had left.
到他到達這里時,汽車已經離開了
典型題例
1、He said he had never seen that film before. Instead,he_____many novels.
A. has read B. had readed C. had wrote D. had read
此題應該選用D項.從「He said he had never seen that film before 」中
可知是過去完成時態,而從「 Instead,」中可以知道與前面的賓語從句是並列的內容,故應該選用「had read」.
2、The train ______ for a while when they got to the station.
A. had left B. had been away C. had gone D. has been away
此題應該選用B項.從「for a while 」中可知要用完成時態的持續性動
詞連接,而從「when they got to the station. 」中可以知道過去時間點以前的事情,應該用故應該選用「had been away 」.
3、A week later, I received a book that I _____ on line.
A. has ordered B. had ordered C. would order D. was ordering
此題應該選用B項.從「I received a book 」中可知與動詞「order 」的
前後關系,應該是在「收到書以前已經預訂了」,故應該用「order」的過去完成時態結構表示「過去的過去」這一概念.故應該選用「had ordered」.
4、The boy told his mother that he ____ ill since he came back from the school.
A. has been B. would be C. had been D. was
此題應該選用C項.從「 …since he came back from the school.」中可知前面的主句是完成時態,但是從「The boy told his mother 」結構中可以知道應該用相應的過去時態,故應該選用「had been」.
5、When we got to the field, the football match ____ already ______.
A. has started B. had started C. will begin D. is going to start
此題應該選用B項.從「already 」中可知是完成時態,但是從「 When we got to the field」結構中可以知道應該用相應的過去時態,故應該選用「had started 」.
Unit 11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are ?
1、賓語從句
A.賓語從句：賓語從句在復合句中作主句的賓語,引導賓語從句的關聯詞有that, if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how等.
1、連接詞
1)由連接詞that引導陳述句,在口語中that常省略.
eg. He said that he would like to see the headmaster.
2)由連接詞whether/if引導一般疑問句,whether和if 常可互換,但下列場合一般用whether.
①介詞後的賓語從句：I'm thinking of whether he'll e.
②與or not連用：I don't know whether I should go or not.
3)由連接代詞what, who(whom,whose)which或連接副詞when, where, why,how引導特殊疑問句. eg. Do you know who/whom she is waiting for?
2、語序：
不管賓語從句是陳述句、一般疑問句或特殊疑問句,都要用陳述句語序,也就是說主謂次序不能顛倒.連接詞＋主謂結構
(1).Bill wanted to know who did this. (2).I don't know what's the matter with Bob?
(3).I don't know what's wrong with them?
3、時態：
一般說來,主從句時態要統一.如果主句是一般現在時,從句可根據需要用其它任何時態；如果主句是一般過去時,從句應該用相應的過去時態范疇（也就是用一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時,過去完成時）.
eg.①Lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag. ②I asked the teacher where we would have the meeting. ③Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo?
如果從句表明的是一個客觀事實或真理,那麼無論主句是什麼時態,從句都只能用一般現在時. eg. The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.
注意：在think後的賓語從句,如果需要表示否定意義,一般不在賓語從句中否定,而是在主句中否定. eg. I don』t think that English is easy. I think that English is not easy. ( 誤)
Could you tell me how to get to the park?
請你告訴我怎麼才能去郵局好嗎?中的how to get to the park
是疑問詞與動詞不定式連用,用作賓語,但不是賓語從句,可是
相當於how I can get to the park（賓語從句）如：
I don』t know how to solve the problem. ==
I don』t know how I can solve the problem.我不知道如何解決這個問題
Can you tell me when to leave? ==
Can you tell me when I ill leave? 你能告訴我什麼時候離開?
Unit12 You are supposed to shake hands.
should have asked」是「情態動詞＋現在完成時」表示過去本應該做某事,事實上沒有做
I find it difficult to remember everything.
形式賓語 真正賓語
常見的形式賓語有：
find / think + it/them +形容詞 to do sth. 如：
I think it hard to study English.
Unit 13 Rainy days make me sad.
make *** ./sth. + adj. 使某人（感到）,使……處於某種狀態
（make的賓語之後可跟名詞,形容詞,分詞來充當賓語的補足語）
make *** . / sth. + do …使某人做某事（不能帶不定式符號to）
make it 習慣用語,及時趕到,到達目的地
make of /from./out of
Make of 原材料製成成品後,原材料未經任何化學變化,仍保持原有性質. 例如： The chair is made of wood. At first people believed that air was made of only one gas.Make from 當原材料製成成品後,經過了化學變化,失去了原有性質.
make up of 常用於被動結構：be made up of相當於consist of（由…組成） make up from 由…所製造
Unit 14 Have you packed yet?
現在完成時是由「助動詞have（has）+動詞過去分詞」構成.
用法: 1.表示過去發生的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果,常與一些時間狀語,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice等連用,也可以和包括現在在內的時間狀語,如these days, today, this year, so far等連用.eg.I have already posted the letter. (信已經不在我這兒了)
注意：在這里要注意already和yet的辨析:
①already通常用於肯定句. I have already told him.我已經告訴他了. I have already put it in my suitcase. 我已經把它放進我的手提箱了.
②yet常用於疑問句和否定句. ----Have you watered the tree yet? 你澆樹了嗎? ----Yes,I have already watered it. 我澆了. ----Have you fed the dog? 你喂過狗了嗎? ----No. I haven』t fed it yet.沒有,我沒喂. 2.表示過去發生的動作或存在的狀態,一直持續到現在,也許還將繼續下去,可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續到現在的一段時間的狀語連用,即for +時間段,since+時間點/從句, in the last ten years等,謂語只可用延續性動詞.
解析： 1.英語動詞根據詞義可分為兩種,一種是延續性的,一種是終止性的,終止性動詞(也可稱為非延續性動詞,瞬間動詞,或點動詞),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, e等,表示動作的發生與結束於一瞬間完成,不能再延續,所以它的現在完成時不能和表示延續的時間狀語連用,即不能與表示一段時間的狀語,for+時間段, since+時間點/從句連用,也不能用在how long引導的特殊疑問句中.
eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( √ ).
I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √ ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( √ )
2.初中英語課本中常見終止性動詞有:leave, go, e, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, bee等.終止性動詞要表示持續時, 可用以下方法:
⑴.將時間狀語改為時間段 + ago,句中謂語動詞用一般過去時.
eg.我弟弟參軍兩年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.
⑵.若保留for+時間段,since+時間點/從句, 或用在 how long 句型中,則需將終止性動詞改為相應的狀態動詞或延續性動詞
常見終止性動詞與延續性動詞(或狀態動詞)的對應關系如下：
e/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at open-----be open
die------be dead close----be closed bee---be borrow---keep begin/start-----be on put on----wear leave-----be away (from)
buy-----have fall asleep----be asleep end/finish-----be over
catch a cold-----have a cold join the army----be in the army be a soldier
join the Party----be in the Party be a Party member
→My brother has been in the army for two years. →My brother has been a soldier for two years.
3.現在完成時中been to, gone to和been in/at been to去過某地,表示某人的一種經歷,可以和once, twice, already, ever, never等連用.
4.現在完成時中的 for 與 since
for + 時間段 與延續性動詞的現在完成時連用 since + 時間點/從句
I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago. 5. It is /has been +一段時間 + since 從句.自從某事發生已有一段時間了. eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 注意:1.since 引導的從句中動詞用過去時
2.when 引導 的特殊問句不與現在完成時連用.
3.have got,has got 雖然是現在完成時,但have got=have has got==has
㈢ 九年級英語知識點總結(3)
9. have spare time 有空閑時間
10. in one’s spare time在某人的空閑時間
11. spare the time to do sth 抽時間做…
12. a film director 一名電影導演
13. think too much 想太多
14. in that case 既然那樣
15. World War II 第二次世界大戰
16. smooth music 悅耳的音樂
17. prefer A to B 比起B來更喜歡A
18. prefer doing A to doing B
19. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
20. feel like doing sth 想要做某事
21. stick to 堅持，固守
22. be down 悲哀，沮喪
23. cheer sb up 使… 高興/ 振奮
24. have a happy ending 有個美滿的結局
25. try one’s best to do sth. 盡某人最大努力做…
26. less serious 不那麼嚴重
27. a good way to do sth 做某事的好辦法
28. make me feel even sadder 讓我感覺更傷心
29. provide plenty of information about a certain subject提供了大量的關於某個主題的信息
30. shut off my brain 關閉我的大腦
重點句型
1. I love singers who write their own music.
我喜歡自己創作曲子的歌手。
2. We prefer music that has great lyrics.
我們更喜歡歌詞很棒的曲子。
3. What do you dislike about this CD.
你不喜歡這張CD的什麼?
4. What does it remind you of?
它使你想起了什麼?
5. The music reminds me of Brazilian dance music.
這首曲子使我想起了巴西舞曲。
6. It does have a few good features, though.
然而，它的確也有一些好的方面。
7. She really has something for everyone.
每個人的確都能從她的作品中領悟到一些東西。
8. Whatever you do, don’t miss this exhibition.
無論怎樣，你都不能錯過這次展出。
9. As the name suggests, the band has a lot of energy.
正如樂隊名字所暗示的那樣， 這支樂隊很有活力。
10. Some people say they are boring, but others say they are great.
有些人說他們很無聊，但也有人說，他們是偉大的。
11.I f I were you, I’d eat nuts instead.
如果我是你，我會改吃堅果。
Unit 10 You are supposed to shake hands.
重點短語
1. be supposed to do sth 應該做…
2. be expected to do sth. 應該/被期望做…
3. shake hands (with…) (和…) 握手
4. bow to sb. 向某人鞠躬
5. for the first time 首次，第一次
6. people in Korea 韓國的人們
7. greet sb.( in) the wrong way 以錯誤的方式問候某人
8. be invited to sw. 被邀請去…...
9. be invited to do sth. 被邀請做…
10.welcome party 歡迎會
11. as soon as 一… 就…...(引導時間狀從)
12. as soon as sb can 盡可能快的......
13.hold out (my hands) 伸出(我的手)
14. on both sides of my face在我的兩個臉頰上
15. be from= come from 來自
16. be relaxed about 對…放鬆/隨意
17. a bit/ little late 晚一點
18. value the time we spend with sb珍惜我們與某人度過的時間
19.in our everyday lives 在我們的日常生活中
20. drop by 順便拜訪，隨便進入
21. make plans ( to do sth.) 計劃做某事
22. plan to do sth.計劃做某事
23. on the side of the face在臉的一側
24. the town center 在城鎮中心
25. as many as sb can = as many as possible 盡可能多的…
26. be on time 守時
27. the capital of clocks and watches鍾表之都
28. after all 畢竟，終歸
29. at noon 在中午
30. 15 minutes late 遲到15分鍾
重點句型
1. He should have told me about it.
他本應該把這件事告訴我。
2. Where I’m from, we’re pretty relaxed about time.
我所在的地方，對時間是相當寬松的。
3. We often just drop by our friends’ homes.
我們時常去朋友家拜訪。
4. Often we just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can.
我們經常走遍市中心，看盡可能多的朋友。
5.We usually make plans to see friends.
通常我們都是做好去看朋友的計劃。
6. We’re the land of watches, after all.
畢竟，我們是表之鄉。
7.It’s even better than I thought it would be.
事情比我想像的要好得多。
8.They go out of their way to make me feel at home.
他們花盡心血讓我感覺不到拘束。
9.Although I still make lots of mistakes, it doesn’t bother me like it used to.
盡管我經常出一些錯，但它不像過去那樣打擾我。
10. I thought that was pretty strange at first, but now I’m used to it.
開始，我想那是太奇怪了，但是現在我已經習慣了。
11. I have to say, I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m graally getting used to things, and don’t find them so strange any more.
不得不承認，我發現記住一切東西是很困難的，但我漸漸習慣了，並且發現他們也不再那麼奇怪了。
Unit11 Sad movies make me cry.
重點短語
1. make me sleepy 使我睏倦
2. drive sb. crazy 使……發瘋
3. the more…， the more 越……越……
4. yes and no 好壞參半
5. be friends with sb. 是某人的朋友
6. feel left out 感覺被忽視
7. sleep badly 睡眠很差
8. don’t feel like eating 不想吃東西
9. for no reason 毫無理由
10. neither…nor… 既不……也不……
11. let …down 使…...失望
12. take one’s position 替代我的職位
13. to start with 起初
14. get the exam result back 取考試成績單
15. find out 發現
16. remain unhappy forever 仍舊永遠不幸福
17. a shirt of a happy person 一件快樂人的襯衫
重點句型
1. —I’d rather go to Blue Ocean because I like to listen to quiet music while I’m eating.
—But that music make me sleepy.
——更願意到藍海洋餐廳，因為我喜歡在吃飯時聽輕音樂。
——但那種音樂使我睏倦。
2. Waiting for Amy drove Tina crazy.
等候艾米使蒂娜發狂。
3.The movie was so sad that it made Tina and Amy cry.
這部電影是如此悲傷以致使蒂娜和艾米都哭了。
4.Sad movies don’t make John cry. They just make him want to leave quickly.
悲傷的電影沒有讓約翰哭他們只能使他想盡快離開。
5.Loud music makes me nervous.
吵鬧的音樂使我緊張。
6.Soft and quiet music makes me relax.
輕柔的音樂使我放鬆。
7.Money and fame don’t always make people happy.
金錢和名譽並不總能使人幸福。
8.She said that the sad movie made her cry.
她說悲傷的電影使她哭泣。
9.Loud music makes me nervous.
吵鬧的音樂使我緊張。
Unit12 Life is full of the unexpected.
重點短語
1. take a shower洗 浴
2. leave my backpack at home 把背包忘在家裡
3. get back to school 返回學校
4. start teaching 開始教學
5. go off 響鈴
6. rush out the door 沖出房門
7. give sb a lift 捎某人一程
8. miss both events 錯過兩個事件
9. full of unexpected 充滿著不可預知性
10. be about to do sth 正要做某事
11. stare in disbelief at 難以置信地盯著。
12. raise above the burning building 從正在燃燒的樓上升起
13. jump out of bed 跳下床
14. collect the math homework 收數學作業
15. complete the work for my boss 完成老闆的工作
16. make the apple pie 製作蘋果餡餅
17. show up 趕到，出現
18. add the green beans 加綠豆莢
重點句型
1.By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
當我起床時，我哥哥已經進了浴室了。
2.By the time I got outside, the bus had already gone.
當我出來時，公汽已經走了。
3.When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home.
當我到達學校時，我才意識到我把背包忘在家裡了。
4.By the time I walked into class, the teacher had started teaching already.
當我走進教室時，老師已經開始講課了。
5.By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already showed up.
當我到達晚會時， 其他的每個人都已經到了。
6.When he put the noodles into the bowl, he realized he had forgotten to add the green beans.
當他把面條放進碗里時，他意識到他忘了添加綠豆莢了。
7.Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he had gone into the building.
在她得到一個向他告別的機會之前，他已經進入樓房了。
Unit13 We're trying to save the earth!
重點短語
1. at the bottom of the river 在河床底部
2. be full of the rubbish 充滿了垃圾
3. throw litter into the river 把垃圾扔入河中
4. play a part in cleaning it up 盡一份力把它清理干凈
5. land pollution 土地污染
6. fill the air with black smoke 使空氣中充滿了黑煙
7. cut down air pollution 減少空氣污染