Ⅰ 小學英語基礎語法知識點
小學英語基礎語法知識點
語法有兩個含義,一指語法結構規律本身,即語法事實;一指語法學,是探索並描寫語法結構的科學,是語法學者對客觀存在的語法體系的認識和說明。以下是關於小學英語基礎語法知識點,希望大家認真閱讀!
(一)名詞單復數
1.一般情況,直接加-s,如:
book-books
bag-bags
cat-cats
bed-beds
2.以s、x、 sh、 ch結尾,加-es,如:
bus-buses
box-boxes
brush-brushes
watch-watches
3.以「輔音字母+y」結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:
family-families
strawberry-strawberries
4.以「f或fe」結尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:
knife-knives
5.不規則名詞復數:
man-men
woman-women
policeman-policemen
policewoman-policewomen
mouse-mice
child-children
foot-feet
tooth-teeth
fish-fish
people-people
Chinese-Chinese
Japanese-Japanese
不可數名詞的復數就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名詞的格
1. 有生命的東西的.名詞所有格:
(1) 單數後加 』s 如: Lucy』s ruler my father』s shirt
(2)以s 結尾的復數名詞後加 』如: his friends』 bags
(3)不以s 結尾的復數後加 』s children』s shoes
註:並列名詞中,如果把 』s加在最後一個名詞後,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike』s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車
要表示所有物不是共有的,應分別在並列名詞後加』s,如:
Tom』s and Mike』s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車
2.表示無生命東西的名詞通常用「 of +名詞」來表示所有關系,如:
a picture of the classroom
a map of China
;Ⅱ 大學英語六級基礎語法知識:虛擬語氣
大學英語六級基礎語法知識1. 表示現在/過去/將來情況的虛擬條件句
虛擬條件句主要有三種結構:
1)表示與現在情況相反:主句謂語用“would / could / might +動詞原形”,從句謂語用“動詞的一般過去時”(動詞be的過去式一律用were)。
If I were you, I would not accept his offer.
If I had time, I would certainly go to the cinema with you.
2) 表示與過去情況相反:主句謂語用“would / could / might + have +過去分詞”,從句謂語用過去完成時。
If I had got up a little earlier, I wouldn’t have missed the train.
If I had been more careful, I might have passed that exam.
3) 表示與將來情況相反:主句謂語用“would / could / might +動詞原形”,從句謂語用“were +動詞不定式”或“should +動詞原形”。
If I were to do the job, I would not be able to have enough time to study.
If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go out with you.
大學英語六級基礎語法知識2. 虛擬條件句連接詞if的省略
如果虛擬條件句的從句中含有were, had, should, could等詞時,可以省略連接詞if,但這時必須把were, had, should, could等詞移到主語前面,形成倒裝。這種句型主要用於書面形式。
Were I to do the job, I would finish doing it within two weeks.
Had it not been for his help, we couldn’t have arrived there on time.
Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
3. wish後賓語從句中的謂語構成
動詞wish後的賓語從句表示未實現的或不可能實現的願望,其賓語從句中的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣,有以下三種構成形式。
1) 表示現在不可能實現的願望,賓語從句中的謂語動詞用一般過去時。(be的過去式為were)。
I wish I had enough money to buy a car.
I wish I were as young and energetic as you.
2) 表示過去未能實現的願望,賓語從句中的謂語動詞用過去完成時(had +過去分詞)或“would / could + have +過去分詞 ”。
I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.
I wish I could have done it better.
3) 表示將來不可能實現的願望,賓語從句中的謂語動詞用“would / should (could, might) +動詞原形”。
I wish I would not get old.
I wish I could travel around the world one day.
大學英語六級基礎語法知識4. 某些動詞後的賓語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣
在一些動詞後面的賓語從句中,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。這時,謂語動詞用動詞原形或should +動詞原形。這類動詞一般表示命令,要求,決定,建議,主張等概念,主要有:advise, ask, command, decide, demand, desire, direct, insist, move, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest,等。
The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 per cent.
The teacher decided that you do the experiment first.
5. 某些名詞後的表語從句和同位語從句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣
在一些名詞後面的表語從句和同位語從句中,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。這時,謂語動詞用動詞原形或should +動詞原形。這類名詞一般表示命令,要求,決定,建議,主張等概念,主要有:advice, idea, instruction, motion, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion,等。
My suggestion is that we (should) send for a doctor immediately.
He gave the order that they (should) do the experiment again.
大學英語六級基礎語法知識6. 錯綜時間條件句
條件從句表示的動作和主句表示的動作,有時發生的時間是不一致的.如從句是對過去情況的假設,而主句可能是對現在正在進行情況的假設。 這種句子稱為錯綜時間條件句.
If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.
更多關於大學英語六級考試的備考技巧,備考干貨,新聞資訊等內容,小編會持續更新。
Ⅲ 語法的基礎英語知識
關於語法的基礎英語知識
學英語,最基礎的當然是語法了,下面是關於語法的基礎英語知識,希望對大家有幫助。
名詞:名詞單復數,名詞的格
(一)名詞單復數
1.一般情況,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以―輔音字母+y‖結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以―f或fe‖結尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不規則名詞復數:
man-men,
woman-women,
policeman-policemen,
policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children,
foot-feet,
tooth-teeth,
fish-fish,
people-people,
Chinese-Chinese,
Japanese-Japanese
不可數名詞的復數就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名詞的格
1.有生命的東西的名詞所有格:
(1) 單數後加 『s 如: Lucy『s ruler my father『s shirt
(2)以s 結尾的復數名詞後加 『如: his friends『 bags
(3)不以s 結尾的復數後加 『s children『s shoes
並列名詞中,如果把 『s加在最後一個名詞後,表示共有;
如:Tom and Mike『s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車
表示所有物不是共有的,應分別在並列名詞後加『s.
如:Tom『s and Mike『s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的小汽車
2.表示無生命東西的名詞通常用― of +名詞‖來表示所有關系:
如:a picture of the classroom a map of China
冠詞:不定冠詞,定冠詞種類
(一) 不定冠詞:a / an
母音讀音開頭的'可數名詞前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an hour an old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(二)定冠詞:the
定冠詞的用法:
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.
2.復述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
3.談話雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren『t at school.
4.在序數詞前: John『s birthday is February the second.
5.用於固定片語中: in the morning / afternoon / evening 不用冠詞的情況:
(1)專有名詞前:China is a big country.
(2)名詞前有定語:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
This is my baseball.
(3)復數名詞表示一類人和事:Monkeys can『t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在節日,日期,月份,季節前:Today is Christmas Day. It『s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球類 棋類運動前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home. * 但樂器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.
(7)學科名稱前:My favorite subject is music.
(8)在稱呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.
(9)固定片語中:at noon at night by bus
形容詞、副詞:比較級,最高級
(一)、形容詞的比較級
1、形容詞比較級在句子中的運用:兩個事物或人的比較用比較級,比較級後面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more, a little來修飾表示程度。than後的人稱代詞用主格(口語中可用賓格)。
2.形容詞加er的規則:
⑴ 一般在詞尾加er ;
⑵ 以字母e 結尾,加r ;
⑶ 以一個母音字母和一個輔音字母結尾,應雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加er ;
⑷ 以―輔音字母+y‖結尾,先把y變i,再加er 。
3.不規則形容詞比較級:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副詞的比較級
1.形容詞與副詞的區別 (有be用形,有形用be;有動用副,有副用動) ⑴在句子中形容詞一般處於名詞之前或be動詞之後 ⑵副詞在句子中最常見的是處於實義動詞之後
2.副詞比較級的變化規則基本與形容詞比較級相同 (不規則變化:well-better, far-farther)
數詞:基數詞,序數詞
(一)基數詞
1.1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
2.21-99
先說―幾十‖,再說―幾‖,中間加連字元。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
3.101—999
先說―幾百‖,再加and,再加末兩位數或末位數;
586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
4.l,000以上,先從右往左數,每三位數加一個―,‖,第一個―,‖前為thousand.第二個―,‖前為million,第三個―,‖前為billion 1,001→one thousand and one
18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine 750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty billion
(二)序數詞
1.一般在基數詞後加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
2.不規則變化
one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth
3.以y結尾的十位整數,變y為ie再加th
twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth
4.從二十一後的―幾十幾‖直至―幾百幾十幾‖或―幾千幾百幾十幾‖只將個位的基數詞變為序數詞。
twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth 基數詞轉為序數詞的口訣: 基變序,有規律,詞尾加上-th.
一,二,三,特殊記,詞尾字母t,d,d. 八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。 ty將y變成i,th前面有個e.
若是碰到幾十幾,前用基來後用序。
介詞:常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等
(一).at表示時間概念的某一個點。(在某時刻、時間、階段等)。
at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一點鍾(黎明、午夜、中午)
(二).on表示具體日期。
註:(1)關於"在周末"的幾種表示法:
at(on)the weekend在周末---特指
at(on)weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整個周末
ring the weekend在周末期間
(2)在聖誕節,應說at Christmas而不說on Christmas
(3)在(剛……)的時候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents. 一到城裡他就給父母打了一個電話。
(三).in.表示"時段"、"時期",在多數情況下可以和ring互換,前者強調對比,後者強調持續。 in(ring)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀)
動詞:
動詞的四種時態:
(一)一般現在時:
一般現在時的構成
1.be動詞:主語+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。
2. 行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我們學習英語。 當主語為第三人稱單數(he, she, it)時,要在動詞後加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。 動詞+s的變化規則
(1)一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
(2)以s. x. sh. ch. o結尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以―輔音字母+y‖結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(二)一般過去時:
動詞過去式詳解 動詞的過去式的構成規則有:
1.、規則動詞
① 一般直接在動詞的後面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e結尾的動詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動詞較少)如 study – studied carry
– carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬於此類)
④ 雙寫最後一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped B、不規則動詞(此類詞並無規則,須熟記)小學階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(三)一般將來時: 基本結構:
①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(四)現在進行時: am,is,are+動詞現在分詞
動詞現在分詞詳解 動詞的ing形式的構成規則:
① 一般的直接在後面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 雙寫最後一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
;Ⅳ 鍒濅腑鑻辮璇娉曞熀紜鐭ヨ瘑澶у叏
銆銆鍒濅腑鑻辮鐩歌緝浜庡皬瀛︽潵璇撮毦搴﹀ぇ澶у炲姞錛岄偅涔堝垵涓鑻辮璇娉曞熀紜鐭ヨ瘑鏈夊摢浜涘憿銆備互涓嬫槸鐢辨垜涓哄ぇ瀹舵暣鐞嗙殑鈥滃垵涓鑻辮璇娉曞熀紜鐭ヨ瘑澶у叏鈥濓紝浠呬緵鍙傝冿紝嬈㈣繋澶у墮槄璇匯
銆銆鍒濅腑鑻辮璇娉曞熀紜鐭ヨ瘑澶у叏
銆銆涓銆佷粙璇峛y鐨勭敤娉
銆銆1銆 鎰忎負鈥滃湪鈥︹︽梺鈥濓紝鈥滈潬榪戔濄
銆銆Some are singing and dancing under a big tree銆係ome are drawing by the lake銆
銆銆鏈夌殑鍦ㄥぇ鏍戜笅鍞辨瓕璺寵垶銆傛湁鐨勫湪婀栬竟鐢葷敾鍎褲
銆銆2銆佹剰涓衡滀笉榪熶簬鈥濓紝鈥滃埌鈥︹︽椂涓烘⑩濄
銆銆Your son will be all right by supper time銆
銆銆浣犵殑鍎垮瓙鍦ㄦ櫄楗鍓嶄細濂界殑銆
銆銆How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term?
銆銆鍒頒笂涓瀛︽湡鏈浣犱滑宸茬粡瀛︿簡澶氬皯棣栬嫳璇姝屾洸?
銆銆3銆佽〃紺烘柟娉曘佹墜孌碉紝鍙璇戜綔鈥滈潬鈥濄佲滅敤鈥濄佲滃嚟鍊熲濄佲滈氳繃鈥濄佲滀箻鍧愨濈瓑銆
銆銆The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing銆
銆銆鐚村瓙鐢ㄥ熬宸村悐鍦ㄦ爲涓婂搱鍝堝ぇ絎戙
銆銆The boy鈥檚 father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph銆
銆銆瀛╁瓙鐨勭埗浜叉槸閭d箞鐨勬劅嬋錛屼簬鏄浠栨暀鐖辮開鐢熸庢牱閫氳繃閾佽礬鐢墊姤鏉ヤ紶杈句俊鎮銆
銆銆4銆佽〃紺衡滈愪釜鈥濓紝鈥滈愭壒鈥濈殑鎰忔濄
銆銆One by one they went past the table in the dark銆
銆銆浠栦滑涓涓涓涓寰楀湪榛戞殫涓緇忚繃榪欏紶妗屽瓙銆
銆銆5銆佽〃紺衡滄牴鎹鈥濓紝鈥滄寜鐓р濈殑鎰忔濄
銆銆What time is it by your watch?
銆銆浣犵殑琛ㄥ嚑鐐逛簡?
銆銆6銆佸拰take 錛 hold絳夊姩璇嶈繛鐢錛岃存槑鎺ヨЕ韜浣撶殑鏌愪竴閮ㄥ垎銆
銆銆I took him by the hand銆
銆銆鎴戞媺浣忎簡浠栫殑鎵嬨
銆銆7銆佺敤浜庤鍔ㄥ彞涓錛岃〃紺鴻屼負涓諱綋錛屽父璇戜綔鈥滆鈥濄佲滅敱鈥濈瓑銆
銆銆English is spoken by many people銆
銆銆鑻辮琚璁稿氫漢璇淬(鍗斥滆稿氫漢璁茶嫳璇銆傗)
銆 銆浜屻佸姩鍚嶈瘝doing
銆銆鍔ㄥ悕璇嶇浉褰撲簬鍚嶈瘝錛屽湪鍙ュ瓙涓鍙浠ュ仛涓昏銆佸捐銆佽〃璇銆佸畾璇絳夈
銆銆1銆佷綔涓昏
銆銆Fighting broke out between the South and the North銆
銆銆鍗楁柟涓庡寳鏂瑰紑鎴樹簡銆
銆銆2銆佷綔瀹捐
銆銆Would you mind turning down your radio a little錛 please?
銆銆璇烽棶浣犱粙鎰忚皟灝忎竴鐐規敹闊蟲満鐨勯煶閲忓悧?
銆銆3銆佷綔琛ㄨ
銆銆Babysister鈥檚 job is washing錛宑ooking and taking care of the children銆
銆銆淇濆嗙殑宸ヤ綔鏄媧楄。鏈嶏紝浣滈キ鍜岀収鐪嬪╁瓙銆
銆銆4銆佸仛瀹氳
銆銆a washing machine 涓鍙版礂琛f満
銆 銆涓夈乽sed to 鐨勭敤娉
銆銆used to 鎰忎負榪囧幓甯稿父鍋氭煇浜嬨
銆銆1銆佽偗瀹氬彞錛歶sed榪欎釜璇嶆病鏈変漢縐扮殑鍙樺寲錛宼o鍚庨潰鎺ュ姩璇嶅師褰銆
銆銆鍚﹀畾鍙ユ槸didn鈥檛 use to鈥︺
銆銆When I was a child錛 I didn鈥檛 use to like apples銆
銆銆褰撴垜榪樻槸瀛╁瓙鐨勬椂鍊欐垜涓嶅枩嬈㈣嫻鏋溿
銆銆鐤戦棶褰㈠紡鏄疍id you use to鈥?
銆銆Where did you use to live before you came here?
銆銆褰撲綘鏉ヨ繖鍎誇箣鍓嶄綘浣忓摢鍎?
銆銆2銆佸惈鏈塽sed to 鐨勫彞瀛愮殑鍙嶆剰鐤戦棶鍙ヤ笉瑕乽sedn鈥檛 + 涓昏錛岃岀敤didn鈥檛 + 涓昏銆
銆銆鈥斺擧e used to smoke錛 didn鈥檛 he?
銆銆鈥斺斾粬榪囧幓甯稿父鍚哥儫錛屾槸鍚?
銆銆Yes錛 he did銆/ No錛 he didn鈥檛銆
銆銆鏄鐨勶紝浠栧惛銆/ 涓嶏紝浠栦笉鍚搞
銆 銆鍥涖佽鍔ㄨ鎬
銆銆琚鍔ㄨ鎬佺敱鍔╁姩璇峛e鍔犲強鐗╁姩璇嶇殑榪囧幓鍒嗚瘝鏋勬垚錛屽姪鍔ㄨ瘝be鏈夋椂鎬侊紝浜虹О鍜屾暟鐨勫彉鍖栥傝鍔ㄨ鎬佺殑鏃舵佹槸鐢眀e鐨勬椂鎬佸喅瀹氱殑錛宐e鏄浠涔堟椂鎬侊紝鍏ㄥ彞灝辨槸浠涔堟椂鎬侊紝be鍔ㄨ瘝鍚庨潰鐨勮繃鍘誨垎璇嶄笉鍙樸
銆銆1銆佸悇縐嶆椂鎬佺殑琚鍔ㄨ鎬佺粨鏋勫備笅錛
銆銆涓鑸鐜板湪鏃剁殑琚鍔ㄨ鎬侊細
銆銆涓昏+am / is / are (not)+榪囧幓鍒嗚瘝
銆銆涓鑸榪囧幓鏃剁殑琚鍔ㄨ鎬侊細
銆銆涓昏+was / were +榪囧幓鍒嗚瘝
銆銆鐜板湪瀹屾垚鏃剁殑琚鍔ㄨ鎬侊細
銆銆涓昏+have / has +been +榪囧幓鍒嗚瘝
銆銆涓鑸灝嗘潵鏃剁殑琚鍔ㄨ鎬侊細
銆銆涓昏+will +be +榪囧幓鍒嗚瘝
銆銆榪囧幓灝嗘潵鏃剁殑琚鍔ㄨ鎬侊細
銆銆涓昏+would / should + be +榪囧幓鍒嗚瘝
銆銆榪囧幓榪涜屾椂鐨勮鍔ㄨ鎬侊細
銆銆涓昏+was / were + being +榪囧幓鍒嗚瘝
銆銆榪囧幓瀹屾垚鏃剁殑琚鍔ㄨ鎬侊細
銆銆涓昏+had + been +榪囧幓鍒嗚瘝
銆銆鎯呮佸姩璇嶇殑琚鍔ㄨ鎬侊細
銆銆鎯呮佸姩璇+be+榪囧幓鍒嗚瘝
銆銆2銆佽鍔ㄨ鎬佺殑鐢ㄦ硶
銆銆(1)涓嶇煡閬撴垨娌℃湁蹇呰佽存槑鍔ㄤ綔鐨勬墽琛岃呮槸璋侊紝涓嶇敤by+鍔ㄤ綔鎵ц岃呯煭璇銆
銆銆Football is played widely all over the world銆
銆銆鍏ㄤ笘鐣岄兘騫挎硾鍦拌涪瓚崇悆銆
銆銆(2)寮鴻皟鍔ㄤ綔鐨勬壙鍙楄呫
銆銆The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon銆
銆銆鏄ㄥぉ涓嬪崍榪欏墮摱琛岄伃鍒版姠鍔銆
銆銆(3)浣滃㈣傝存槑鏃訛紝甯擱噰鐢ㄤ竴縐嶈鍔ㄨ鎬佸彞鍨嬨
銆銆It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA銆
銆銆鎹鎶ラ亾緹庡浗澶х害浜屽嶮鍚嶅効絝ユ諱簬嫻佹劅銆
銆銆3銆佷富鍔ㄨ鎬佺殑鍙ュ瓙鍙樹負琚鍔ㄨ鎬佺殑姝ラ
銆銆(1)鎶婂師鍙ヤ腑鐨勫捐鍙樹負涓昏
銆銆(2)鍔ㄨ瘝鏀逛負琚鍔ㄥ艦寮忥紝鍗砨e+榪囧幓鍒嗚瘝
銆銆(3)鍘熸潵鐨勪富璇錛屽傛灉闇瑕佺殑璇濓紝鏀懼湪by鍚庨潰;濡傛灉娌″繀瑕侊紝鍙鐪佺暐銆
銆銆 浜斻佽櫄鎷熻姘
銆銆濡傛灉鎴戜滑鎵璇寸殑涓嶆槸浜嬪疄錛岃屽彧鏄涓縐嶅亣璁俱佹効鏈涖佸緩璁鎴栨槸涓縐嶅疄鐜頒笉浜嗙殑絀烘兂灝辯敤鉶氭嫙璇姘斻
銆銆娉ㄦ剰錛氭潯浠跺彞鍒嗕袱縐嶏紝鐪熷疄鏉′歡鍙ュ拰鉶氭嫙鏉′歡鍙ャ傚彧鏈夊湪鉶氭嫙(闈炵湡瀹)鏉′歡鍙ヤ腑錛屾墠鐢ㄨ櫄鎷熻姘;鑰屽湪鐪熷疄鏉′歡鍙ヤ腑錛岃佺敤闄堣堪璇姘斻
銆銆璇鋒瘮杈冿細
銆銆(1)If it is sunny tomorrow 錛 we鈥檒l go to the zoo銆
銆銆濡傛灉鏄庡ぉ澶╂皵濂斤紝鎴戜滑灝嗕細鍘誨叕鍥銆
銆銆鍦ㄨ繖鍙ヨ瘽涓錛屾槑澶╁ぉ姘斿ソ鏄瀹屽叏鏈夊彲鑳藉疄鐜扮殑錛屽苟闈炶櫄鎷熴佸夠鎯籌紝鍥犳ゆ槸鐪熷疄鏉′歡鍙ワ紝鍦ㄦ湰鍙ヤ腑錛岄傜敤鈥滀富灝嗕粠鐜般傗
銆銆(2)If I were you 錛 I would go at once銆
銆銆濡傛灉鎴戞槸浣犵殑璇濓紝鎴戠珛鍒誨氨璧般
銆銆鍦ㄨ繖鍙ヨ瘽涓錛屾潯浠跺彞鈥滃傛灉鎴戞槸浣犫濓紝浣嗕簨瀹炰笂錛屾垜涓嶅彲鑳芥垚涓轟綘錛岃繖鍙鏄鍋囪劇殑鎯呭喌錛屾病鏈夊疄鐜扮殑鍙鑳姐傚綋鏉′歡瀹炵幇鐨勫彲鑳芥у緢灝忥紝鐢氳嚦鍙浠ヨ存病鏈夋椂錛屽氨闇瑕佺敤鉶氭嫙璇姘旀潵琛ㄧず銆
銆銆鉶氭嫙璇姘旇〃紺哄拰鐜板湪鐨勪簨瀹炵浉鍙嶏紝浠庡彞鐢ㄤ竴鑸榪囨椂錛屼富鍙ョ敤 鈥渟hould/would/could/ might +鍔ㄨ瘝鍘熷艦銆
銆銆渚嬪 錛
銆銆If I had time錛 I would go for a walk銆
銆銆If I were invited錛 I would go to the dinner party銆
銆銆If I won a million dollars in the lottery錛 I would put it in the bank銆
銆銆If I were you 錛 I鈥檇 wear a shirt and tie銆
銆銆娉ㄦ剰錛氬湪鉶氭嫙璇姘旂殑鍙ュ瓙涓錛宐e鍔ㄨ瘝鍙鑳界敤were錛屼笉鑳界敤was銆
銆銆 鍏銆乵ust/might/could/can't
銆銆1銆乵ust
銆銆(1)must 琛ㄧず涓昏傜湅娉曪紝鎰忎負鈥滃繀欏燴濄
銆銆濡傦細
銆銆You must stay here until I come back銆
銆銆Must I hand in my homework right now?
銆銆瀵筸ust寮曞肩殑鐤戦棶鍙ワ紝鑲瀹氬洖絳斾負must錛屽惁瀹氬洖絳斾負needn鈥檛 鎴杁on鈥檛 have to 銆
銆銆濡傦細
銆銆鈥擬ust I finish my homework?
銆銆鈥擭o錛 you needn鈥檛銆
銆銆(2)must涔熷彲浠ヨ〃紺烘湁鎶婃彙鐨勬帹嫻嬶紝鎰忎負鈥 涓瀹氾紝鑲瀹氣濓紝鐢ㄤ簬鑲瀹氬彞銆
銆銆濡傦細
銆銆The light is on錛 so he must be at home now銆
銆銆鍏跺惁瀹氬艦寮弇ustn鈥檛琛ㄧず鈥滅佹錛屼笉璁糕濄
銆銆濡傦細
銆銆You mustn鈥檛 play with fire銆
銆銆You mustn鈥檛 be late銆
銆銆2銆乧ould
銆銆(1)can鐨勮繃鍘誨紡錛屾剰涓衡滆兘銆佷細鈥濓紝琛ㄧず榪囧幓鐨勮兘鍔涖
銆銆濡傦細
銆銆He could write poems when he was 10銆
銆銆(2)could鍦ㄧ枒闂鍙ヤ腑錛岃〃紺哄斿夎鋒眰鐨勮姘旓紝姝ゆ椂could娌℃湁榪囧幓寮忕殑鎰忔濄
銆銆濡傦細
銆銆Could you do me a favour?
銆銆鈥擟ould I use your pen?
銆銆鈥擸es錛 you can銆(娉ㄦ剰鍥炵瓟)
銆銆3銆乵ight
銆銆might涓簃ay鐨勮繃鍘誨紡銆俶ight琛ㄧず鎺ㄦ祴鏃訛紝琛ㄧず鍙鑳芥т綆浜巑ay(姝ゆ椂might娌℃湁榪囧幓寮忕殑鎰忔)錛屽綋璇鋒眰璁叉椂錛屾瘮may鐨勮姘旀洿濮斿夈
銆銆He is away from school銆侶e might be sick銆
銆銆Might I use your dictionary?
銆銆4銆乧an
銆銆(1)琛ㄧず鑳藉姏錛屼竴鑸璇戜負鈥滆兘銆佷細鈥濓紝灝ゅ叾鎸囩敓鏉ュ叿澶囩殑鑳藉姏銆
銆銆濡傦細She can swim fast錛 but I can鈥檛 銆
銆銆(2)琛ㄧず璁稿彲錛屽父鍦ㄥ彛璇涓銆
銆銆濡傦細You can use my dictionary銆
銆銆(3)琛ㄧず鎺ㄦ祴錛屾剰涓衡滃彲鑳解濓紝甯哥敤浜庡惁瀹氬彞鍜岀枒闂鍙ヤ腑錛屾ゆ椂can鈥檛璇戜負鈥滀笉鍙鑳解濄
銆銆濡傦細鈥擟an the news be true?
銆銆鈥擭o錛 it can鈥檛 be our teacher銆侶e is on a visit to the Great Wall銆
銆銆 涓冦佸畾璇浠庡彞
銆銆1銆佸畾璇浠庡彞鐨勬傚康
銆銆鍦ㄥ嶅悎鍙ヤ腑錛屼慨楗版煇涓鍚嶈瘝鎴栦唬璇嶇殑浠庡彞鍙瀹氳浠庡彞銆傝淇楗扮殑鍚嶈瘝鎴栦唬璇嶅彨鍏堣岃瘝錛屽紩瀵煎畾璇浠庡彞鐨勮瘝鍙鍏崇郴璇嶏紝瀹氳浠庡彞涓鑸鏀懼湪鍏堣岃瘝鐨勫悗闈銆
銆銆2銆佸畾璇浠庡彞鐨勫叧緋昏瘝
銆銆寮曞煎畾璇浠庡彞鐨勫叧緋昏瘝鏈夊叧緋諱唬璇嶅拰鍏崇郴鍓璇嶏紝甯歌佺殑鍏崇郴浠h瘝鍖呮嫭that錛 which錛 who(瀹炬牸whom錛屾墍鏈夋牸whose)絳夛紝鍏崇郴鍓璇嶅寘鎷瑆here錛 when錛 why絳夈傚叧緋諱唬璇嶅拰鍏崇郴鍓璇嶆斁鍦ㄥ厛琛岃瘝鍙婂畾璇浠庡彞涔嬮棿璧瘋繛鎺ヤ綔鐢錛屽悓鏃跺張浣滃畾璇浠庡彞鐨勯噸瑕佹垚鍒嗐
銆銆3銆佸畾璇浠庡彞鐨勫垎綾
銆銆鏍規嵁瀹氳浠庡彞涓庡厛琛岃瘝鐨勫叧緋伙紝瀹氳浠庡彞鍙鍒嗕負闄愬埗鎬у畾璇浠庡彞鍙婇潪闄愬埗鎬у畾璇浠庡彞銆傞檺鍒舵у畾璇浠庡彞緔ц窡鍏堣岃瘝錛屼富鍙ヤ笌浠庡彞涓嶇敤閫楀彿鍒嗗紑錛屼粠鍙ヤ笉鍙鐪佸幓銆傞潪闄愬埗鎬у畾璇浠庡彞涓庝富鍙ヤ箣闂存湁閫楀彿鍒嗗紑錛岃搗琛ュ厖璇存槑浣滅敤錛屽傜渷鍘伙紝鎰忔濅粛瀹屾暣銆
銆銆4銆佸叧緋諱唬璇嶇殑鐢ㄦ硶
銆銆(1)that 鏃㈠彲浠ョ敤浜庢寚浜猴紝涔熷彲浠ョ敤浜庢寚鐗┿傚湪浠庡彞涓浣滀富璇銆佸捐鎴栬〃璇銆備綔涓昏鏃朵笉鍙鐪佺暐錛屼綔瀹捐鍙鐪佺暐銆
銆銆渚嬪傦細
銆銆Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle銆
銆銆鐜涗附鍠滄㈣交鏌旂殑闊充箰銆(that浣滀富璇)
銆銆The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue銆
銆銆鎴戞斁鍦ㄦ屽瓙涓婄殑閭d歡澶栧楁槸钃濊壊鐨勩(that浣滃捐)
銆銆(2)which鐢ㄤ簬鎸囩墿錛屽湪鍙ヤ腑浣滀富璇銆佸捐鎴栬〃璇銆備綔涓昏涓嶅彲鐪佺暐錛屼綔瀹捐鍙鐪佺暐銆
銆銆渚嬪傦細
銆銆The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket銆
銆銆浣嶄簬鐏杞︾珯闄勮繎鐨勯偅搴уぇ妤兼槸涓瀹惰秴甯傘(浣滀富璇)
銆銆The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful銆
銆銆鎴戜滑鏄ㄥぉ鏅氫笂鐪嬬殑閭i儴鐢靛獎寰堝ソ鐪嬨(浣滃捐)
銆銆(3)who錛 whom鐢ㄤ簬鎸囦漢錛寃ho 鐢ㄤ綔涓昏錛寃hom鐢ㄤ綔瀹捐銆傚湪鍙h涓錛屾湁鏃跺彲鐢╳ho浠f浛whom銆倃ho鍜寃hom浣滃捐鏃朵篃鍙鐪佺暐銆
銆銆渚嬪傦細
銆銆The girl who often helps me with my English is from England銆
銆銆緇忓父鍦ㄨ嫳璇鏂歸潰甯鍔╂垜鐨勯偅涓濂沖╂槸鑻卞浗浜恆(浣滀富璇)
銆銆Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?
銆銆姝e湪涓庢潕鏄庤皥璇濈殑鑰佸笀鏄璋?(浣滃捐)
銆銆5銆佸叧緋誨壇璇嶇殑鐢ㄦ硶
銆銆(1)when鎸囨椂闂達紝鍏跺厛琛岃瘝琛ㄧず鏃墮棿錛寃hen鍦ㄥ畾璇浠庡彞涓浣滄椂闂寸姸璇銆
銆銆渚嬪傦細
銆銆This was the time when he arrived銆
銆銆榪欐槸浠栧埌杈劇殑鏃墮棿銆
銆銆(2)where鎸囧湴鐐癸紝鍏跺厛琛岃瘝琛ㄧず鍦扮偣錛寃here鍦ㄥ畾璇浠庡彞涓浣滃湴鐐圭姸璇銆
銆銆渚嬪傦細
銆銆This is place where he works銆
銆銆榪欐槸浠栧伐浣滅殑鍦扮偣銆
銆銆(3)why 鎸囧師鍥狅紝鍏跺厛琛岃瘝鏄鍘熷洜錛寃hy鍦ㄥ畾璇浠庡彞涓鍋氬師鍥犵姸璇銆
銆銆渚嬪傦細
銆銆Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school銆
銆銆娌′漢鐭ラ亾浠栦負浠涔堜笂瀛︽昏繜鍒般
銆銆鎷撳睍闃呰伙細鍒濅腑鑻辮鎴愮嘩鎻愬崌鏂規硶
銆銆1. 鏋佸害閲嶈嗚炬湰銆
銆銆褰撶劧錛屼腑鑰冪粷瀵逛笉浼氳冭炬湰涓婄殑鏂囩珷銆備絾鏄錛屼腑鑰冧竴瀹氫細鑰冭炬湰涓婄殑鍗曡瘝銆傝屽瑰崟璇嶇殑鐪熸f帉鎻★紝闄や簡瑕佽頒綇錛岃繕蹇呴』浼氱敤錛屼細鐢ㄦ墠鑳界湡姝h頒綇銆傚弽澶嶉槄璇昏炬枃錛屽垝鍑洪噷闈㈢殑鍏抽敭璇嶃佺煭璇鍜屽彞鍨嬶紝鍦ㄥ叿浣撹澧冧腑鍘繪帉鎻″畠浠銆
銆銆鐒跺悗錛岃佷範鎯鑳岃佃嫳璇璇炬枃錛屽彲浠ユ槸鏁寸瘒錛屼篃鍙浠ユ槸鍏朵腑涓涓や釜綺懼僵孌佃惤錛岀湅浣犲硅嚜宸辯殑鍏蜂綋瑕佹眰鍜屽疄闄呮儏鍐墊潵銆傚洜涓猴紝鑳岃墊槸涔犲緱鑻辮璇鎰熺殑鏈浣蟲柟娉曘傛垜涓嶇煡閬撹鎰熻繖涓涓滆タ鏄鍚︽湁浜涗漢鍏堝ぉ灝卞叿澶囷紝榪欐槸涓涓縐戞妧闂棰橈紝鑷沖皯鎴戞病鏈夊厛澶╄鎰熶紭鍔匡紝鎴戝敮涓鑳界敤鑷韜緇忓巻璇佹槑鐨勬槸錛氳鎰燂紝瀹屽叏鍙浠ラ氳繃鍚庡ぉ鐨勮緇冧笉鏂澧炲己銆
銆銆2. 涔頒竴鏈璇炬湰鍚屾ュ弬鑰冭祫鏂欍
銆銆璇炬湰涓婄殑涓滆タ鏄闆舵暎鐨勶紝浣犺繕闇瑕佷竴涓瀵逛簬璇炬湰閲嶇偣鐭ヨ瘑緋葷粺鐨勬葷粨鍜屽綊綰熾傝岃炬湰鍚屾ュ弬鑰冭祫鏂欏氨鏄璧峰埌榪欐牱鐨勯噸瑕佷綔鐢ㄣ備粩緇嗚誨畬銆佸垎鏋愬畬璇炬湰鏂囩珷涔嬪悗錛屼竴瀹氳佺湅鐪嬪悓姝ュ弬鑰冧功錛屽皢璇炬湰闆舵暎鐭ヨ瘑鐐圭郴緇熸⒊鐞嗕竴閬嶏紝鍙傝冧功涓婄殑涔犻樹篃瑕佸仛涓閬嶏紝鍋氬畬鍚庝竴瀹氳佹牳瀵圭瓟妗堛佹敼閿欏拰鍒嗘瀽閿欒錛屽交搴曞紕鎳傞敊棰橈紝榪欎釜鐜鑺傚繀涓嶅彲灝戙
銆銆3. 鍑嗗囦竴涓鍗曡瘝絎旇版湰銆
銆銆鎶婅炬湰鍚屾ヨ祫鏂欎笂鐨勯噸鐐瑰崟璇嶃佺煭璇銆佸彞鍨嬪強鍏剁敤娉曠敤蹇冩憳鎶勫埌絎旇版湰涓婏紝涓鍛ㄨ嚦灝戝嶄範涓夋°備綘鍙浠ユ棭鑷涔犲嶄範錛屼篃鍙浠ョ潯涓婄潯瑙夊墠榪囦竴閬嶏紝涓浜鴻夊緱榪欎袱涓鏃墮棿孌靛嶄範鍗曡瘝鏁堢巼鏈楂樸傛棭鑷涔犳椂涓澶╀腑澶磋剳鏈娓呴啋鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鏅氱潯鍓嶈頒綇鐨勪笢瑗跨粡榪囦竴澶滅殑娼滄剰璇嗗姞宸ワ紝絎浜屽ぉ浼氳板緱鏍煎栨竻鏅般
銆 銆4. 姣忓ぉ閮借佸埛闃呰葷悊瑙e拰瀹屽艦濉絀洪樸
銆銆濡傛灉鎴戣寸殑鍓嶉潰涓夌偣浣犻兘鍦ㄤ弗鏍兼墽琛岋紝閭d箞錛屽熀鏈璇嶆眹閲忚偗瀹氭槸鏈変簡錛屽熀鏈鐨勯槄璇昏兘鍔涗篃鍏峰囦簡錛屾ゆ椂錛屼綘鐨勮嫳璇鎴愮嘩鑳戒繚鎸佸湪100-110鍒嗐傚備綍鎻愰珮鍒120鍒嗗憿錛屾病閿欙紝灝辨槸闃呰匯備綘闇瑕佹瘡澶╄嚦灝戝埛鍥涚瘒闃呰葷悊瑙e拰涓綃囧畬褰㈠~絀猴紝鎸夎冭瘯瑙勫畾鐨勬椂闂村畬鎴愶紝鏃犺虹箒蹇欒繕鏄絀洪棽錛屽仴搴瘋繕鏄鐤劇棶錛屼竴鎮灝氬瓨錛屼綘灝辮佸潥鎸佽諱笅鍘匯傚仛瀹岄樼洰涔嬪悗錛屾牳瀵圭瓟妗堬紝瀵逛簬閿欓樹竴瀹氳佽ょ湡鍒嗘瀽銆佺洿鍒板交搴曞紕鎳傘
銆 銆5. 淇濆瓨鍋氳繃鐨勬瘡涓綃囧畬褰㈠拰闃呰匯
銆銆榪欐牱鍋氱殑鐩鐨勬槸錛岃佸畾鏈熺炕鐪嬩笂闈㈢殑鐢熻瘝娉ㄩ噴錛岄伩鍏嶉仐蹇樸傚墠鎻愭槸錛屽仛瀹屾瘡涓綃囦箣鍚庝綘瑕佹妸鐢熻瘝鏌ュ嚭鏉ユ爣娉ㄥ湪鐩稿簲浣嶇疆銆傛垜涓嶅緩璁鎶婃枃絝犱腑鐨勭敓璇嶆憳鎶勫埌絎旇版湰涓婏紝鑴辯昏澧冪殑璁板繂鍗拌薄涓嶆繁鍒匯佽板繂涓嶆寔涔呫佺敤娉曚笉娓呮櫚銆
銆銆6. 鐪嬪悕钁楃畝鍐欐湰銆
銆銆闃呰昏嫳璇鍚嶈憲錛屽彲浠ュ炲姞璇嶆眹閲忋佹彁楂橀槄璇昏兘鍔涖佷簡瑙h嫳璇鏈鍦熸枃鍖栥佹粙鍏昏韓蹇冣︹︾湡鏄濂藉勫氬氬晩!緇欏ぇ瀹舵帹鑽愪功鉶鍜屽簥澶寸伅緋誨垪錛屽ぇ瀹跺彲浠ユ牴鎹鑷宸辯殑鑻辮姘村鉤閫夋嫨璇誨摢浜涖備功鉶緋誨垪鍒嗗勾綰э紝搴婂ご鐏緋誨垪鍒嗗瓧鏁幫紝浠烽挶閮戒笉璐碉紝涔﹀簵鍜岀綉涓婇兘鍙浠ヤ拱鍒般
銆 銆7. 鑳屾柊姒傚康2鍜屾柊姒傚康3銆
銆銆閫傚悎鍒濅腑鐢熻嫳璇姘村鉤鐨勬柊姒傚康澶ф傚氨鏄榪2鍐屼簡銆傚ご澶╂櫄涓婃妸瑕佽儗鐨勬枃絝犵悊欏猴紝鐢熻瘝瑙e喅鎺夛紝緇撴瀯鍒掑垎鍑烘潵(鏈夊埄浜庤儗璇)錛岀浜屽ぉ鏃╀笂鏃╄搗鍗婂皬鏃跺湪鎴峰栨壘涓鐩稿瑰畨闈欑殑鍦版柟錛屽ぇ澹版湕璇誨苟鑳岃點傝儗璇墊渶澶氫笉瓚呭20綃囷紝涓嶄粎璇嶆眹閲忔湁澧炲姞錛屽惉璇淬侀槄璇誨拰鍐欎綔閮戒細鏈夊緢澶ф彁鍗囷紝榪欎竴鐐規垜鑷宸辨繁鏈変綋浼氥
Ⅳ 英語基礎語法知識點匯總:動詞的語態
語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態。
主語是動作的發出者為主動語態;主語是動作的接受者為被動語態。
1)若賓語補足語是不帶to 的不定式,變為被動語態時,該不定式前要加"to"。此類動詞為感官動詞。
feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch
The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
We saw him play football on the playground.
--> He was seen to play football on the playground.
2)情態動詞+ be +過去分詞,構成被動語態。
Coal can be used to proce electricity for agriculture and instry.
12.1 let 的用法
1)當let後只有一個單音節動詞,變被動語態時,可用不帶to 的不定式。
They let the strange go.---> The strange was let go.
2) 若let 後賓補較長時,let 通常不用被動語態,而用allow或permit 代替。
The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.
----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.
12.2 短語動詞的被動語態
短語動詞是一個整體,不可丟掉後面的介詞或副詞。
This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.
My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.
Such a thing has never been heard of before..
12.3 表示"據說"或"相信" 的片語
believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand
It is said that… 據說
It is reported that… 據報道
It is believed that…大家相信
It is hoped that…大家希望
It is well known that… 眾所周知
It is thought that…大家認為
It is suggested that…據建議
It is taken granted that… 被視為當然
It has been decided that… 大家決定
It must be remember that…務必記住的是
It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.
12.4 不用被動語態的情況
1) 不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態:
appear, die disappear, end (vi. 結束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
比較: rise, fall, happen是不及物動詞;raise, seat是及物動詞。
(錯) The price has been risen.
(對) The price has risen.
(錯) The accident was happened last week.
(對) The accident happened last week.
(錯) The price has raised.
(對) The price has been raised.
(錯) Please seat.
(對) Please be seated.
要想正確地使用被動語態,就須注意哪些動詞是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學習過程中多留意積累。
2) 不能用於被動語態的及物動詞或動詞短語:
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
3) 系動詞無被動語態:
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
It sounds good.
4) 帶同源賓語的及物動詞,反身代詞,相互代詞,不能用於被動語態:
die, death, dream, live, life
She dreamed a bad dream last night.
5) 當賓語是不定式時,很少用於被動語態。
(對) She likes to swim.
(錯) To swim is liked by her.
12.5 主動形式表示被動意義
1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…
The book sells well.這本書銷路好。
This knife cuts easily. 這刀子很好用。
2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build
I was to blame for the accident.
Much work remains.
3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容詞), deserve後的動名詞必須用主動形式。
The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.
This room needs cleaning. 這房間應該打掃一下。
This book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。
4) 特殊結構:make sb. heard / understood (使別人能聽見/理解自己),have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。
12.6 被動形式表示主動意義
be determined, be pleased, be graated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marries
He is graated from a famous university.
他畢業於一所有名的大學。
注意: 表示同某人結婚,用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。
He married a rich girl.
He got married to a rich girl.
12.7 need/want/require/worth
注意:當 need, want, require, worth(形容詞)後面接doing也可以表示被動。
Your hair wants cutting.你的頭發該理了。
The floor requires washing. 地板需要沖洗。
The book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。
典型例題
The library needs___, but it'll have to wait until Sunday.
A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned
答案A. need (實意) +n /to do,need (情態)+ do,當為被動語態時,還可need + doing. 本題考最後一種用法,選A。如有to be clean 則也為正確答案。
典:done,"不可能已經"。must not do 不可以(用於一般現在時)。
Ⅵ 初中英語語法大全 中考版
初中英語語法知識難點整理
英語語法知識難點(一)
(一) 形容詞和副詞
I. 要點
A. 形容詞
1、 形容詞的用法
形容詞是用來修飾、描繪名詞的,通常在句中作定語、表語或賓補,有時還可作狀語。:
He is honest and hardworking.
I found the book interesting.
某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類人作主語時,謂語通常用復數形式。如:
The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.
The English like to be with their families.
多個形容詞作定語修飾名詞的順序:
冠詞+序數詞+基數詞+性質狀態(描述性)+形狀大小+新舊老少+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞。如:
the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.
2、 形容詞比較等級的形式
(1) 規則形式
一般說來,單音節詞及少數雙音節詞在後加-er; --est 來構成比較級和最高級;其他雙音節詞及多音節詞在前加more, most.如:
great-greater-greatest
busy-busier-busiest
important-more important-(the)most important
(2) 不規則形式
good (well)-better-best
bad (ill)-worse-worst
many (much)-more-most
little-less-least
(3) 形容詞比較等級的用法
①表示兩者的比較,用形容詞的比較級+than. 如:
He is cleverer than the other boys.
This one is more beautiful than that one.
②表示兩者以上的比較,用"the +形容詞最高級(+名詞)+of(in) …"如:
He is the cleverest boy in his class.
③表示兩者是同等程度,用"as +形容詞原級+as". 如:
He is as tall as I.
I have as many books as you.
④ 越… 越…
例如:The more I learn, the happier I am.
⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好
又如:You can never praise the teacher too highly.
你怎麼贊揚這個老師也不過分。
⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.
那一天是最令我擔心的一天。
I have never had a better dinner.
這是我吃過的最好的一頓飯。
⑦ My English is no better than yours.
我的英語和你的英語都不怎麼樣。
B.副詞
1、 副詞的種類
(1) 時間副詞 如:ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等
(2) 地點副詞 如:here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。
(3) 方式副詞 如:carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。
(4) 程度副詞 如:almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。
2、 副詞比較等級的用法
其用法與形容詞相似,只是副詞最高級前可省略定冠詞。如:
Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.
We must work harder.
3、 某些副詞在用法上的區別
(1) already, yet, still
already表示某事物已經發生,主要用於肯定句;yet表示期待某事發生,主要用於否定句和疑問句;still表示某事還在進行,主要用於肯定句和疑問句,有時也可用於否定句。如:
We've already watched that film.
I haven't finished my homework yet.
He still works until late every night.
(2) too, as well, also, either
too, as well和 also用於肯定句和疑問句,too和as well多用於口語,一般放在句末,而also多用於書面語,一般放在句中與動詞連用。either用於否定句和否定的疑問句,往往放在句末。如:
He went there too.
He didn't go there either.
I like you as well.
I also went there.
(3) hard, hardly
hardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如:
I work hard every day.
I can hardly remember that.
(4) late, lately
lately意為"最近、近來",late意為"晚、遲"。如:
He never comes late.
Have you been to the museum lately?
II. 例題
例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____
A high enough B tall enough
C enough high C enough tall
解析:該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall, 而建築物的高用high,並且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞後面。因此該題選B。
例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.
A When I take more medicine
B The more medicine I take
C Taking more of the medicine
D More medicine taken
解析:該題正確答案為B。"the+形容詞比較級+… , the +形容詞比較級+…"意為越…,越…。該句意為:吃的葯越多,我的病越是加重。
例3"I haven't been to London yet".
"I haven't been there ____".
A too B also C either D neither
解析:該題正確答案為C。A和B都用於肯定句中。D-neither本身意為否定"兩者都不",而C-either則用於否定句中,意為"也"。
例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.
A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply
解析:該題正確答案為B。A. deep用於副詞時,修飾具體的深,如dig deep,而B-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞,如該題為deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副詞,不能互相修飾。
(二) 介詞
I. 要點
1、介詞和種類
(1) 簡單介詞,常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
(2) 復合介詞,如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
2、介詞和其他詞類的習慣搭配關系
(1) 和動詞的搭配,如agree with, ask for, belong to, break away from, care about等。
(2) 和形容詞的搭配,如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at
(3) 和名詞的搭配,如answer to , key to, reason for, cause of, visit to等.
3、介詞短語可以有自己的修飾語,這種修飾語通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directly, completely等少數幾個副詞。如:
He came right after dinner.
He lives directly opposite the school.
4、 某些介詞的意義與用法舉例
(1) at, on, in(表時間)
表示時間點用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等;表示不確定的時間或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。
指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。
指長於或短於一天的時段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。
(2) between, among(表位置)
between僅用於二者之間,但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個之間的相互關系時,也用between, 如
I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
The village lies between three hills.
among用於三者或三者以上之間。如:
He is the best among the students.
(3) beside, besides
beside意為"在…旁邊",而besides意為"除…之外"。如:
He sat beside me.
What do you want besides this?
(4)in the tree, on the tree
in the tree 指動物或人在樹上,而on the tree 指果實、樹葉長在樹上
(5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way
on the way 指在路上 in the way 指擋道
by the way 指順便問一句 in this way 用這樣的方法
(6)in the corner, at the corner
in the corner 指在拐角內 at the corner 指在拐角外
(7)in the morning, on the morning
in the morning 是一般說法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
(8)by bus, on the bus
by bus 是一般說法 on the bus 特指乘某一輛車
II. 例題
例1 Do you know any other foreign language____ English?
A except B but C beside D besides
解析:A、B兩項except等於but,意為"除了…",C-beside意為"在…旁邊",不符合題意。而D-besides, 意為"除了…之外,還有"。所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為:除了英語外,你還知道別的語言嗎?
例2 He suddenly returned ____ a rainy night.
A on B at C in D ring
解析:我們均知道,at night這一短語,但如果night前有修飾詞,表具體的夜晚,則要用介詞on來修飾,故該題正確答案為A。
例3 I'm looking forward ____your letter.
A to B in C at D on
解析:該題正確答案為A。look forward to 為固定搭配,意為"期望、盼望"。
(三) 連詞
I. 要點
1、 連詞的種類
(1) 並列連詞用來連接並列關系的詞、短語或分句,如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。
(2) 從屬連詞用來引導從句,如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。
除了從屬連詞(引導狀語從句)外,還有其它可以用來引導從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導名詞性從句),關系代詞和關系副詞(引導定語從句)。
2、 常用連詞舉例
(1)and 和,並且
They drank and sang all night.
(2) both…and 和, 既…也…
Both my parents and I went there.
(3) but 但是,而
I'm sad, but he is happy.
(4) either…or 或…或…, 要麼…要麼…
Either you're wrong, or I am.
(5) for因為
I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.
(6) however 然而,可是
Af first, he didn't want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.
(7) neither…nor 既不…也不
Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.
(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…
He not only sings well, but also dances well.
(9) or 或者,否則
Hurry up, or you'll be late.
Are you a worker or a doctor?
(10) so 因此,所以
It's getting late, so I must go.
(11) although 雖然
Although it was late, they went on working.
(12) as soon as 一 …就
I'll tell him as soon as I see him.
(13) because 因為
He didn't go to school, because he was ill.
(14)unless 除非,如果不
I won't go unless it is fine tomorrow.
(15)until 直到…
He didn't leave until eleven. (瞬間動詞用於not… until 結構)
He stayed there until eleven.
(16)while 當…時候,而 (表示對比)
While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while後不可用瞬間動詞)
My pen is red while his is blue.
(17)for 因為
He was ill, for he didn't come. (結論是推斷出來的)
(18)since自從…
I have lived here since my uncle left.
(19)hardly… when 一…就
I had hardly got to the station when the train left.
(20)as far as 就… 來說
As far as I know, that country is very small.
You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那裡)
II. 例題
例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
A as well B as well as C so well D so well as
解析:該題意為:John踢足球如果不比David好的話,那也踢得和David一樣好。 和…一樣好為as well as. 故該題正確答案為B。
例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A when B where C which D while
解析:該處意為"然而",只有while有此意思,故選D。
例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
解析:該處意為"或者",正確答案為C。
英語語法知識難點(二)
(四)動詞時態、語態
I. 要點
1、 一般現在時
(1) 表示經常發生的動作或現在存在的狀態,常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時間狀語連用。如:
Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
(2) 表示客觀真理、科學事實等。如:
The earth goes round the sun.
2、 現在進行時
(1) 表示說話時或現階段正在進行的動作,常與now, at present等時間狀語連用。如:
What are you doing now?
(2) 和always, continually等連用,表一種經常反復的動作,常含有某種情感。如:
He is always doing good deeds.
3、 現在完成時
主要表示動作發生在過去,對現在仍有影響,或動作一直延續到現在,或可能還要繼續下去,常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:
Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般將來時
表示將來某一時間要發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如:
I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
We're going to see a film next Monday.
5、一般過去時
表示在過去某一時間或某一階段內發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如:
It happened many years ago.
6、過去進行時
表示過去某一時刻或某一時期正在發生的動作。如:
What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、 過去完成時
表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作。如:
The train had already left before we arrived.
8、一般過去將來時
表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發生的動作。如:
He said he would come, but he didn't.
9、被動語態
被動語態的時態,以give為例。
(六)短語動詞
I. 要點
英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體,其用法有的相當於及物動詞,有的相當於不及物動詞,有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特徵。英語短語動詞的構成主要有以下六種:
(1) 動詞+介詞
常見的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後。如:
Don't laugh at others.
I didn't care about it.
(2) 動詞+副詞
常見的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞,既可放在副詞前邊,又可放在副詞後邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則要放在副詞前邊。如:
You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don't forget to hand it in.
(3) 動詞+副詞+介詞
常見的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後邊。如:
All his money added up to no more than $100.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4) 動詞+名詞+介詞
常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞後邊。如:
You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
(5) 動詞+形容詞
常見的有leave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞,則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊,也可放在後邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則必須放在形容詞前邊。如:
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
(6) 動詞+名詞
常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如:
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
(7)辨析
give away(讓給,暴露)和 give up(放棄,停止)
put away(放起,收起)和 put out (撲滅)
turn up(出席,放大)和 turn on (打開)
keep out(阻止)和 keep off (不讓靠近)
make up(編造,補上)和 make out(辨認)
take off(脫,起飛)和 take out(拿出)
II. 例題
例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
解析:該題正確答案為A。意為"存";keep up意為"繼續";give away意為"分發";lay up"貯藏"。
例2 Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
A touch B relation C connection D friendship
解析:該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語動詞,意為"保持聯系"。
例3 ____! There's a train coming.
A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
解析:該題選A. look out 意為"小心"。
(七)動詞不定式
I. 要點
1、 不定式的形式。以動詞write為例。
2、 不定式的句法功能
(1) 作主語
To hear from you is nice.
To be a good teacher is not easy.
不定式作主語時,為了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主語,而不定式置於謂語動詞後。如:
It's nice to hear from you.
It's not easy to be a good teacher.
(2) 作賓語
通常用於want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等詞後。如:
I forgot to lock the door.
Please remember to write to me.
(3) 作表語
My job is to pick up letters.
He seemed to have heard nothing.
(4) 作定語
不定式作定語時,須放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞後。如:
I have two letters to write.
I have a lot of work to do.
(5) 作賓補
通常用於want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等詞後。如:
He ordered her to leave at once.
He was forced to obey his order.
(6) 作狀語
He got up early to catch the first bus.
He worked hard to catch up with the other students.
(7) 作獨立成分
To tell you the truth, I told a lie.
(8) "疑問詞+不定式"結構。 如:
I don't know how to choose them.
I cannot decide where to go.
(9)不定式的否定式。如:
I decided not to go.
(10)不定式的完成式。如:
He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.
The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.
(11)too…to 結構。如:
He was too excited to go to sleep.
He was only too glad to go. (他太高興了,樂意去)
(12)主動表被動。如:
The book is easy to read.
I have a book to read.
II.例題
例1 I haven't got a chair ____.
A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting
解析:該題選C。不定式to sit on在句中作定語,修飾名詞chair. 因為不定式和它所修飾的名詞間是"動賓關系",所以不定式必須是及物動詞,故此處on不能省略。
例2 He was made ____.
A go B gone C going D to go
解析:該題選D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被動形式,不定式do前的to不能省略。
例3 A new factory is ____ very soon.
A to be built B built
C to build D to building
解析:該題選A。is to be built意為"將要被建"。
(八)動名詞
I. 要點
動名詞既具有動詞的一些特徵,又具有名詞的句法功能。
1、 動名詞的形式,以write為例。
否定式 not +動名詞
2、 動名詞的用法
(1) 作主語
Playing football is my favorite sport.
Travelling with friends at weekend is fun.
作主語的動名詞結構復雜且長時,可用it作形式主語。如:
It is fun travelling with friends at weekend.
(2) 作賓語
I enjoy playing PC game.
He gave up writing five years ago.
(3) 作表語
What he hated most was doing nothing.
Seeing is believing.
動名詞作表語時,句子的主語常是無生命名詞或what引導的名詞性從句。
(4) 作定語
There's a dining room in my school.
All the people watching laughed.
(5) 動名詞的復合結構"物主代詞(或名詞的所有格)+動名詞"。如:
Tom's going home late made her mother angry.
Would you mind my opening the window?
不過,動名詞的邏輯主語在遇到以下情況時,必須用名詞的普通格(或人稱代詞的賓格)。
①無生命名詞
The girls were afraid of the door suddenly closing.
Fire burns better by oxygen being at work.
②有生命名詞,但表泛指。
Have you ever heard of girls smoking?
③兩個以上的有生命的名詞並列。
Do you still remember my parents and me coming to see you that day?
3.後面常接動名詞的動詞和短語
mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practise, magine,
keep, suggest, advise, allow, permit,
be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy doing,
can't help doing, it is no good doing, it is no use doing,
look forward to doing, stick to doing, pay attention to doing,
devote to doing, lead to doing
II.例題
例1 She says she doesn't feel like ____ out with you.
A going B to go C for going D went
解析:該題正確答案為A。 feel like = want, 此處like 為介詞,後面要接名詞或動名詞作賓語
例2 The garden needs ____.
A water B watering C to water D watered
解析:該題正確答案為B。 need = want = require. 如果物作主語,此三者後要接動名詞或to be done這一結構作賓語。
例3 Excuse me ____ you.
A interrupting B to interrupt
C interrupted D to have interrupted
解析:該題正確答案為A。excuse 後接動名詞作賓語,此句中的me為動名詞的邏輯主語(常用於口語中)。
(九)分詞
I. 要點
分詞既具有動詞的一些特徵,又具有形容和副詞的句法功能。它分為現在分詞和過去分詞兩類。現在分詞和過去分詞的主要差別在於現在分詞有一般式和完成式,過去分詞則只有一般式。現在分詞表動作正在進行,表主動。過去分詞及物動詞表動作已經完成,表被動。過去分詞不及物動詞表動作已經完成,表主動。
Ⅶ 英語基礎語法知識
必備英語基礎語法知識
英語語法是針對英語語言進行研究後,英語語法系統地總結歸納出來的一系列語言規則。英語語法的精髓在於掌握語言的使用。不妨看看必備英語基礎語法知識。
必備英語基礎語法知識第1課:
1、be(是)動詞的用法:am接I;is接第三人稱單數,即除you、I外;are接表示多個人或事物,即復數。(我是am,你是are,is連接它、她、他,單數is,復數are)。
2、not是表示否定的詞:不是的表達,am not,is not(isn』t),are not(aren』t)。
3、「一個」和「幾個」的問題:「一個」是a+名詞;「多個」是名詞後面加s。
4、以母音開頭(如O、E等),前面的冠詞用an。
必備英語基礎語法知識第2課:
1、及物動詞與不及物動詞的區別:及物動詞後面接賓語;而不及物動詞後面不接賓語。如I like ice cream ,It hurts。
2、主語是he、she、it和單數名詞時,動詞要發生第三人稱的變化,即加s。
3、否定的用法:在動詞之前加do not或does not。I、You和復數名詞做主語時,否定就用do not;凡是單數名稱和he、she、it做主語,否定就用does not。
必備英語基礎語法知識第3課
1、my(我的)、your(你的)、his(他的)、her(她的)、their(他們的)、our(我們的)、its(它的)+名詞,如my love,your love 。
2、名詞所有格形式為:名詞+』s,表示「……的」,如Sophie』s world,children』s Day,Japan』s tomorrow。
3、用名詞+of+名詞,一般用在無生命的名詞上,表示「……的』』,如The sound of music(音樂之聲)。
必備英語基礎語法知識第4課
1、「have」和「there be」翻譯成漢語都可以用一個「有」字來表示,但have是指主觀的「所有、擁有」,而there be則是指客觀的「存在,某處有某物」。
2、There be的單復數變化與be的變化規則相同,取決於後面所接的主語。主語為單數,就變成there is,主語是復數,就變成there are。
3、「have」在第三人稱單數時變成「has」。
4、「there be」的否定形式在be後加not,對於have通常直接在它的賓語前加「no」,表示「沒有」的意思。
必備英語基礎語法知識第5課
1、 一般疑問句概念:是可以用「yes」或「no」來回答的疑問句。
2、 一般疑問句的結構模式:助動詞+陳述句形式+?
如:Do you have a car? No, I don』t 或Yes, I do
Are you a chicken guy? No , I am not 或Yes , I am
Is there any cake in the icebox? No , there isn』t 或 Yes , there is
3、注意:Your boss has a car. Does your boss have a car? 這句中的Has在助動詞does提前時,需要改變成原形。
4、在一般疑問句中,表示「一些」的概念時,用Many而不用some。
必備英語基礎語法知識第6課
1、六個特殊疑問詞:what(什麼,對什麼提問);where(在哪裡,對地點提問);why(為什麼,對原則提問);when(何時,對時間提問);who(誰,對人提問);how(怎麼樣,對方式提問)。
2、特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句+?。
3、特殊疑問句回答法:把句中的.一般疑問句改為陳述句,再加上被提問部分。
例:Who am I? Who is she? What is her name? Where do you live?
How old are you? 你多大了? How old問年齡。
How long is the rope? 這繩子有多長? How long問長度。
How far is it from A to B? 從A至B有多遠? How far 問距離。
What many books do you have? 你有多少書? What many 對「可數名詞的多少」提問。
What much is the book? 這本書多少錢? What much 問價格
How often do you visit here? 你多久來拜訪這里? How often 對「頻率」提問。
必備英語基礎語法知識第7課
1、現在進行時:它是由主語+be動詞+實義動詞的ing形式構成的,表示現在正在發生和進行的動作。比如:現在我在講,你在聽。就應該說:Now I am talking,You are listing。
2、現在進行時的否定形式:就是在be動詞的後面加Not來構成,這點和be動詞的否定式是一樣的。
3、兩種進行時的基本法:一種與Now連用;另一種是與一些表示一段時間的詞連用,表示現階段正在進行的動作。
4、一般情況下,實義動詞是可以直接加「ing」的,但有兩種特殊的情況是需要有一些變化的。第一種是像put和get這樣以一個母音字母加一輔音字母結尾並重讀的實義字母,需雙寫結尾的輔音字母再加ing,就是putting和getting。第二種是以一個母音加e結尾的實義動詞,要把「e」去掉,再加ing,如dance(跳舞),come(來)。
必備英語基礎語法知識第8課
1、動詞的過去式:一般的動詞後面可直接加「ed」。但是以「e」結尾的動詞,直接加「d」;以輔音字母加「y」結尾的詞,變「y」為「i」加「ed」;一個母音字母+一個輔音字母結尾的詞,且此音節重讀,雙寫結尾的這個輔音字母,再加「ed」。
2、常用過去式時的一些時間狀語。
3、過去時的否定和疑問結構。
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Ⅷ 英語語法知識大全匯總
英語的重點主要在詞彙,語法、閱讀理解、 作文 ……等等,其中語法是讓大家一直比較頭疼的知識點,下面給大家帶來一些關於英語語法 知識大全 匯總,希望對大家有所幫助。
1.英語語法指的是什麼
英語語法是針對英語語言進行研究後,系統地 總結 歸納出來的一系列語言規則。英語語法的精髓在於掌握語言的使用。英語語法包括詞語、時態、語態、語氣、 句子 成分、句型結構等。
1.一般現在時:表示現在的狀態、經常的或習慣性的動作、主語具備的性格和能力等。基本結構:主語+be/do+其他。
2.一般過去時:表示過去某個時間內(或某一段時間內)發生的動作或存在的狀態,過去經常或反復發生的動作。基本結構:主語+動詞的過去式或be的過去式+名詞。
3.一般將來時:表示將要發生的動作、打算、計劃或准備做某事。基本結構:主語+am/is/are+going to + do sth;主語+will/shall+do sth
4.一般過去將來時:立足於過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用於賓語從句中。基本結構:主語+was/were+going to+do+ 其它 ;主語+would/should+do+其它。
5.現在進行時:表示現在(說話時)或當前階段正在進行或發生的動作。基本結構:主語+be+doing+其它。
6.過去進行時:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。基本結構:主語+was/were+doing+其它。
7.將來進行時:表示將來某一時間正在進行的動作,或表示要在將來某一時間開始,並繼續下去的動作。常用來表示詢問、請求等。基本結構:主語+shall/will+be+現在分詞+其它。
8.過去將來進行時:表示就過去某一時間而言,將來某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作,主要用於賓語從句中,尤其多用於間接引語中。基本結構:should/would+be+現在分詞。
9.現在完成時:過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態。基本結構:主語+have/has+p.p(過去分詞)+其它。
10.過去完成時:以過去某個時間為標准,在此以前發生的動作或行為,或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即「過去的過去」。基本結構:主語+had+p.p(過去分詞)+其它。
2.英語語法基礎知識匯總
1.as...as...引導的比較級:
(1)「as +形容詞或副詞原級+as+被比較對象」結構。例句:He studies as hard as you. 他像你一樣學習努力。
(2)在否定句或疑問句中可用not so…as…. 例句:He can notrun so/as fast as you. 他沒你跑得快。
2.only引導的倒裝句型:only +狀語(或狀語從句)位於句首時,句子部分倒裝。
例句: Only by diligence and honesty can one succeed inlife. 只有勤奮、正直,一個人在生活中才能成功。
注意:但 only修飾主語時,不倒裝。例句:Onlythat girl knew how to work out the problem. 只有那位女生知道怎樣解那道題。
3.wish引導的虛擬語氣:wish 後面的從句,當表示與事實相反的情況,或表示將來不太可能實現的願望時,其賓語從句的動詞形式為:
(1)表示對現在情況的虛擬:從句動詞用過去式或過去進行式表示,be 的過去式用were.
I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道這個問題的答案。(可惜不知道。)
(2)表示對過去情況的虛擬:從句動詞用had +過去分詞。
I wish (that) I hadn』t wastedso much time. 我後悔不該浪費這么多時間。( 實際上已經浪費掉了。)
(3)表示對將來的主觀願望:謂語動詞形式為「would/ should/ could/ might +動詞原形」。在這種情況下,主句的主語與從句的主語不能相同,因為主句的主語所期望的從句動作能否實現,取決於從句主語的態度或意願(非動作名詞除外) 。
I wish it would stop raining. 但願雨能停止。
注意:若wish 後的賓語從句中用would,可以表示請求,通常意味著說話人的不快或不滿。
例句:I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安靜一些。
4.it形式賓語:和it 作形式主語一樣, 我們常用it 來作形式賓語, 把真正的賓語從句放在句末, 這種情況尤其出現在帶復合賓語的句子中。
例句:He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他表明他不會屈服。
5.The+比較級,the+比較級表示「越......越......」。
例句:The more scared we are, the stronger the difficultywill become.我們越害怕困難,困難就會變得越強大。
6.賓語從句:一般疑問句做賓語,引入if或whether
例句: I want to know if he will join us in thediscussion?
7. 原因狀語從句:since引導的
例句: Don』t eat too much sugarsince it is bad for your health.
8. 否定詞前置倒裝:scarcely...when...
例句: Scarcely had he arrived at home when it began torain.
9.If虛擬條件句
3.英語語法解析
1.連詞that, if, whether,連接代詞what, which, who, whom, whose以及連接副詞how, when, why, where可用來引導名詞從句,充當主語、表語、賓語等。非正式文體中的賓語從句常省略that:
I think (that) he』ll be back in an hour. 我認為他一小時後就會回來。
Who they are doesn』t matter much. 他們是誰沒什麼大關系。
Can you tell me where he is? 你能告訴我他在哪兒嗎?
He asked me if/whether I knew John. 他問我是否認識約翰。
此外,that, which, who, whom, whose, when, why, where等還可以引導定語從句。
2.連詞when, while, before, after, till/until, since, as soon as等引導時間狀語從句:
She said hello to me when she saw me. 她看到我的時候,和我打了招呼。
I』ll wait here until you come back. 我將在這里等你回來。
3.連詞if, unless引導條件狀語從句;because, as, since引導原因狀語從句:
I』ll help her if she asks me to. 如果她要求我,我就幫助她。
I won』t help her unless she asks me to. 除非她要求我,否則我不會幫她。
He didn』t come because he was ill. 因為他病了,所以沒來。
As he hasn』t appeared yet, we shall start without him. 既然他還沒有出現,我們就先開始吧。
Since everybody is here, let』s begin. 既然大家都到了,咱們就開始吧。
4.連詞in order than, so that引導目的狀語從句;so … that …引導結果狀語從句:
I locked the door in order that we might continue our discussions undisturbed. (=I locked the door in order to continue our discussions undisturbed.) 我把門鎖上了,以便我們可以繼續討論而不受打擾。
The car ran so fast that I couldn』t see who was in it. 汽車跑得那麼快,我沒看清誰坐在裡面。
5.連詞than, as…as…, not as/so…as…用來引導比較狀語從句:
He is better ecated than his brother. 他比他兄弟受的 教育 好。
He is as well ecated as his brother. 他和他兄弟受的教育一樣好。
He is not as/so well ecated as his brother. 他沒有他兄弟受的教育好。
6.連詞although, though 引導讓步狀語從句;where, wherever 引導地點狀語從句:
I』ll go wherever you go. 不管你去哪兒,我就去那兒。
Stay where you are! 原地別動!
Though/Although she is rich, she』s not happy. 盡管她富有,但她並不幸福。
一般來說,連詞性質的連接詞連接兩個分句或引導一個從句,兩個分句或主從復合句之間用逗號連接。
二、副詞性連接詞
副詞性質的連接詞不能象連詞一樣分句或主從復合句之間用逗號連接。也就是說它們不能連接兩個分句或引導從句。它們引導的句子與前面的句子之間要用分號或句號,而它們與引導的句子之間往往用逗號。副詞性質的連接詞在寫作中常常使用,主要分為以下幾類:
1.表示順序的,如first, in the first place, then, finally, in the end等等。尤其要注意then. 如:
誤:He graated from college in 2003, then he found a job.
正:He graated from college in 2003, and then he found a job.
He graated from college in 2003. Then he found a job.
2.表示遞進關系的,如in addition, what is more, furthermore, moreover等。注意in addition 與in addition to 的區別:in addition 是副詞性質;而in addition to 是介詞性質,後面必須接賓語。
3.表示轉折關系的,如however, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, in contrast, 等等。要注意不要把however 當成連詞。
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