A. 八年級英語上冊語法知識點
人們很難接受與已有知識和 經驗 相左的信息或觀念,因為一個人已有的知識和觀念都是經過反復篩選的。接下來我給大家分享關於 八年級 英語上冊語法知識,希望對大家有所幫助!
八年級英語上冊語法知識1
1. 形容詞/副詞的比較級和最高級的構成規則
(1)單音節詞和少數以-er,-ow結尾的雙音節單詞,比較級在後面加-er,最高級在後面加-est。
① 單音節單詞
small→smaller→smallest
short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest
great→greater→greatest
② 少數以-er,-ow結尾的雙音節單詞
clever→cleverer→cleverest
narrow→narrower→narrowest
(2)以不發音e結尾的單音節單詞,比較級在原形後加-r,最高級在原級後加-st。
large→larger→largest
nice→nicer→nicest
able→abler→ablest
(3)以一個輔音字母結尾的閉音節(即:輔音+母音+輔音)單詞中,先雙寫末尾的輔音字母,比較級加-er,最高級加-est。
big→bigger→biggest
hot→hotter→hottest
fat→fatter→fattest
(4)以「輔音字母+y」結尾的雙音節詞, 把y改為i,比較級加-er,最高級加-est。
easy→easier→easiest
heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest
happy→happier→happiest
(5)其他雙音節詞和多音節詞,比較級在前面加more,最高級在前面加most。
beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
(6)有少數形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級是不規則的,必須熟記。
good→better→best
well→better→best
bad→worse→worst
ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most
little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
2. 形容詞和副詞比較級的用法
(1)「甲+be+(倍數)+形容詞比較級+than+乙」表示「甲比乙…」或「甲比乙…幾倍」。
Tom is taller than Kate.
湯姆比凱特高。
This room is three times bigger than that one.
這個房間比那個大三倍。
(2)「甲+實意動詞+(倍數)+副詞比較級+than+乙」表示「甲比乙…」或「甲比乙…幾倍」。
I got up earlier than my mother this morning.
我今天早晨起床比我媽媽還早。
He runs three times faster than his brother.
他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。
3. 形容詞和副詞最高級的用法
(1)「主語+be+the+形容詞最高級(+單數名詞)+in/of...」表示「……是……中最……的」。
Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.
湯姆是他們班上/所有學生當中最高的。
This apple is the biggest of the five.
這個蘋果是五個當中最大的。
(2)「主語+實意動詞+(the)+副詞最高級+in/of...」表示「……是……中最……的」。
I jump (the) farthest in my class.
我是我們班跳得最遠的。
八年級英語上冊語法知識2
1.主語: 句子 所陳述的對象。
2.謂語:主語發出的動作。一般是有動作意義的動詞。
3. 賓語:分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語,屬於動作的承受者。
4. 系動詞:表示狀態或狀態變化的動詞,沒有實際的動作意義。如 be, 感官系動詞(look, sound, smell, taste 和 feel)、保持類系動詞(keep, stay 和 remain)、狀態變化類系動詞(become、get、turn 和 go)等。
5. 表語:緊跟系動詞後面的成分。
6. 定語:修飾名詞或代詞的成分。
7. 狀語: 修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞或句子的成分。
8. 補語:分為賓語補足語和主語補足語。是對賓語和主語的補充說明,與其有主動或被動的邏輯關系。
例如:You should keep the room clean and tidy.
你應該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。
(You是主語, should keep是謂語,the room是賓語,clean and tidy是賓語補足語。)
This kind of food tastes delicious.
這種食物吃起來很可口。
(This kind of food是主語, tastes是系動詞, delicious是表語。)
注意:主語、謂語、賓語、系動詞、表語、補語是一個句子的主幹成分;定語和狀語是一個句子的修飾性成分,不是主幹成分。
八年級英語上冊語法知識3
1.「主語 + 謂語」(即「主謂」句型)
例:They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.
分析:「they」(主語)「arrived」(謂語)。
2.「主語 + 謂語 + 賓語」(即「主謂賓」句型)
例:I study English.
分析:「I」(主語)「study」(謂語動作)「English」(賓語即動作涉及的對象)。
3.「主語 + 謂語 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語」(即「主謂雙賓」句型)
例:Our teacher taught us English.
分析:「our teacher」(主語)「教」(謂語動作)「us」(間接賓語)「English」(直接賓語)。
4.「主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語」(即「主謂賓賓補」句型)
例: He asked her to go there.
分析:「he」(主語)「asked」(謂語動作)「her」(賓語即動作涉及的對象)「to go there」(補語—補充說明賓語做什麼)。
5.「主語 + 系動詞+ 表語」(即「主系表」句型)
常用的系動詞有be, keep,lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell, sound, taste, 等。
例: I am a teacher. 我是一名老師
分析:「I」(主語)「am」(系動詞)「a teacher」(表語—即表明主語的身份)。
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B. 英語初二上學期語法
新目標八年級上冊英語語法知識點精講+練習
(一)一般將來時
一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或者存在的狀態。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用,如tomorrow, theday after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。
be going to do (動詞原形)結構:表示打算、准備做的事情或者肯定要發生的事情。如:It is goingto rain.
will do 結構表示將來的用法:
1. 表示預見
Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest.
2. 表示意圖
I will borrow a book from our schoollibrary tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本構成如下:
一般疑問句構成:
(1)will+主語+do…? Will Sarahcome to visit me next Sunday?
(2)there be 結構的一般疑問句:Will there +be …?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will./ No, there won』t
否定句構成:will + not (won』t)+do
Sarah won』t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑問句構成:
特殊疑問詞+will+主語+…?What willSarah do next Sunday?
★★練一練★★
根據例句,用will改寫下列各句
例:I don』t feel well today.(be better tomorrow)
I』ll be better tomorrow.
1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot ofhomework tonight)
_____________________________
2. I』m tired now. (sleep later)
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon)
_____________________________
4. We can』t leave right now. (leave alittle later)
_____________________________
5. The weather is awful today. (be bettertomorrow)
_____________________________
答案:1. She』llhave a lot of homework tonight.
2. I』ll sleep later.
3. They』ll buy one soon.
4. We』ll leave a little later.
5. Maybe it』ll be better tomorrow.
(二)should的用法:
should用來提出建議和忠告,後邊加動詞原形,否定句直接在should後邊加not.
例如:I think you should eatless junk food.
我認為你應該少吃垃圾食品。
She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So Ithink she should walk a lot.
她經常開車,很少走路。所以我認為她應該多走路。
Students shouldn』t spend too much timeplaying computer games.
學生們不應當花太多的時間玩計算機游戲。
學習向別人提建議的幾種句式:
(1)I think youshould…
(2)Well, youcould…
(3)Maybe youshould …
(4)Why don』t you…?
(5)What aboutdoing sth.?
(6)You』d betterdo sth.
★★練一練★★
用should或shouldn』t填空
1. I can』t sleep the night before exams.
You ______ take a warm shower before you goto bed.
2. Good friends ______ argue each other.
3. There is little milk in the glass. We_______ buy some.
4. They didn』t invite you? Maybe you ______be friendlier.
5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I_______ do exercises every day.
答案:1. should 2. shouldn』t 3. should 4. should 5. should
(三)過去進行時
過去進行時表示過去某一點時間正在進行的動作或者過去某一段時間內一直進行的動作。
1. 構成
was /were + doing,例如:
I was watching TV at 9 o』clock last night.
at 9 o』clock last night是時間點
They were playing football all afternoon.
all afternoon是時間段
2. 過去進行時的標志詞
at 8 o』clock last night, this timeyesterday等。例如:
I was having lunch at home this timeyesterday.
昨天的這個時候我正在吃午飯。
At that time she was writing a book.
那陣子她在寫一本書。(表示她在那段時間里一直在做那件事情。)
★★練一練★★
用括弧中所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. This time yesterday I ____ ______(read)books.
2. At 9 o』clock last Sunday they ____________(have)a party.
3. When I _____(come)into theclassroom, she ________ ______(read)a storybook.
4. She _____ ______(play)computer
games while her mother ____ ______(cook)yesterday
afternoon.
5. I _____ ______(have)a shower whenyou _______(call)me yesterday.
答案:1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading
4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called
(四)間接引語
形成步驟:
(1)不要逗號,冒號,引號
(2)要考慮到人稱的變化(人稱的變化與漢語是一致的)
(3)要考慮時態的變化
(4)要考慮時間狀語、地點狀語和語示代詞的變化。
1. 直接引語變成間接引語時,幾個主要時態的變化規律
直接引語間接引語一般現在時一般過去時一般將來時過去將來時現在進行時過去進行時
2. 直接引語變成間接引語時,一些詞彙的變化規律
直接引語 1. am / is 2. are 3. have / has4. will5. can6. may間接引語1. was2. were 3. had4. would5. could6. might
★★練一練★★
用括弧中所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. She said I _____(be)hard-working.
2. Peter told me he _____(be)boredyesterday.
3. She said she _____(go)swimming lastSunday.
4. Bobby said he _____(may)call melater.
5. Antonio told me he _____(read)a book then.
答案:1. was 2. was 3.went 4. might 5. was reading
請轉述他人說的話:
1. I go to the beach every Saturday. (Tom)
2. I can speak three languages. (Lucy)
3. I will call you tomorrow. (Mike)
4. I』m having a surprise party for Lana. (she)
(五)if引導的條件狀語從句
結構:if+一般現在時,主語+將來時
含義:如果……,將要……
例如:If you askhim, he will help you.
如果你請求他,他會幫助你。
If need be, we』ll work all night.
如果需要,我們就干個通宵。
★★練一練★★
根據中文提示,完成句子。
1. 如果你參加聚會,你將會過得很開心。
If you ________ the party, you __________.
2. 如果明天下雨,我們將不去野餐。
If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.
3. 如果你經常聽英文歌,你將會喜歡英語的。
If you often ________, you_________________.
答案:
1. If you go to the party, you will have agood time
2. If it rains tomorrow, we won』t go to thepicnic
3. If you often listen to English songs,you』ll like English
二. 完形填空特點及解題思路
(一)題型分類與特點
完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個詞,留下一些空格,要求考生藉助短文保留的部分,從所給的短文整體出發,在正確理解短文意思的基礎上,根據句子和句子間的內在聯系、詞的用法和習慣搭配等,用適當的詞或詞語填空,使補全後的短文意思通順、前後連貫、結構完整。這種題型測試的內容從形式上看是單詞或短語的填空,但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法結構正確,所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語義適用和語法正確兩條原則,只考慮某一側面都可能導致錯誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類:完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。
1. 完形填空選擇題:該題型的特點是將一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格,對每一空格提供若干個選擇項,要求考生通讀短文後,在理解短文意思的基礎上,運用所學的詞彙、句型、語法等語言知識,從所提供的備選項中選出一個最佳答案,使短文內容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相當,字數在150-200個單詞之內,多數設置10個左右空格,所設考點涉及詞彙、語法及對短文內容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設空,以期提供一個語境,對每一空格設置的選項基本都屬於相同或對等的詞類,給判定選擇帶來一定的干擾,側重考查了考生准確運用詞彙的能力及對短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。
2. 選詞填空題:該題型的特點是把抽出的詞打亂順序,不按原文順序排列,放在短文前面或後面的方框內,有時還增加幾個文外的詞,要求考生從中選出適當的詞以正確的形式填入短文空格內。
(A)
Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase (短語)「have a day
off」. He 2 , then he had an idea. 「Grandmother
is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? 」he asked the teacher. 「Of course,
you can. 」replied (答復)the teacher at once.
After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher』s door. 「May I have a
day off 5 ? 」The teacher was very
surprised, 「Didn』t you 6 it just now? 」「Yes, sir. But I can』t be
here 7 , either. 」The teacher understood
him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, 「Why didn』t
you say『May I have two days off? 』」The boy answered quickly
9 a loud voice. 「But you only 10 us『have a day off! 』」
( )1. A. but B. and C. or D.for
( )2. A. thought hardly
B. thought hard and hard
C. hard thought
D. thought and thought
( )3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D.Mr
( )4. A. strike B. best C. hit D.knock
( )5. A. also B. again C. too D.once
( )6. A. speak B. tell C. say D.do
( )7. A. tomorrow
B. the day after tomorrow
C. yesterday
D. the day before yesterday
( )8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D.laughing
( )9. A. with B. on C. in D.by
( )10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D.were teaching
(B)
請根據內容從所給的15個單詞中選出最恰當的10個填入空白處,使短文完整,有些詞要根據需要作適當的詞形變化。
than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love,composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what
A generation gap (代溝)has become a
serious problem. I read a _______(1)about it in
the newspaper. Some children have killed _______(2)after
quarrels (爭吵)with parents. I think this is _______(3)they don』t
have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _______(4)time in the
office. _______(5)they don』t have much
time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _______(6)they don』t
have the same topics(話題)to talk about. I want to _______(7)parents to be
more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children,
show your feeling _______(8)your parents.
They are the people who _______(9)you. So tell
them your thoughts (想法). In this way, you can have a better _______(10)of each
other.
完形填空選擇題的一般解題思路是:
1. 跳過空格、通讀全文、把握大意。先跳過空格,通讀試題所給的要完形填空的短文,獲得整體印象,做到弄清文脈、抓住主旨,較好地把握短文大意。要在閱讀理解短文意思的基礎上才開始判定選擇,切忌倉促下筆。
2. 結合選項、綜合考慮、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基礎上,再結合所給備選項細讀全文,聯繫上、下文內容,注意從上、下文的語法結構和詞語搭配及從選擇項中尋找解題的提示,以詞、句的意義為先,再從分析句子結構入手,根據短文意思、語法規則、詞語固定搭配等進行綜合考慮,對備選項逐一進行分析、比較和篩選,排除干擾項、初步選定答案。
3. 瞻前顧後、先易後難、各個擊破。動筆時要瞻前顧後、通篇考慮、先易後難。對比較明顯直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做,一下子不能確定答案的,先跳過這一空格,繼續往下做,最後回過頭來再集中精力解決難點。這時可結合已確定答案的選項再讀一遍短文,隨著對短文理解的深入,可以降低試題的難度,提高選擇的正確率。
4. 復讀全文、逐空驗證、彌補疏漏。完成各道題選擇後,把所選的答案代入原文,再把全文通讀一篇,逐空認真復查。看所選定的答案是否使短文意思前後連貫、順理成章,語法結構是否正確,是否符合習慣表達法。如發現錯誤答案或有疑問的,應再次推敲、反復斟酌、做出修正。
完形填空試題的一般解題思路是:
1. 跳過空格、通讀短文、了解大意。解題時先跳過空格,通讀完形填空的短文,了解全篇的內容和要旨。要重視首句,善於以首句的時態、語氣為立足點,理清文脈,推測全文主題及大意。
2. 復讀短文、確定語義、判斷詞形。把握短文大意後再認真復讀短文,利用上下文的語境,結合所學過的知識,先確定空格處所需詞語的意義,再根據空格在句子中的位置,判斷其在句中充當的成分,從而確定所填詞的詞性,再依據詞語搭配和語法規則,判斷所填的詞的正確形式。
3. 三讀短文、上下參照、驗證答案。在短文的每一空白處填上一個詞後,將完成的短文再細讀一遍,上下參照,連貫思考。把所填的答案放入短文中進行檢驗,可從上、下文內容是否協調一致、順理成章,語法結構是否正確無誤等進行綜合驗證,凡有疑問必須重新推敲考慮。
(三)課文閱讀指導
1. 初中閱讀
閱讀理解能力
(1)理解主旨要義
(2)理解文中具體信息
(3)根據上下文猜測生詞的意義
(4)做出簡單判斷的推理
(5)理解文章的基本結構
(6)理解作者的意圖和態度
2. 培養良好閱讀習慣
(1)擴大視距
(2)克服聲讀
(3)克服逐字讀
3. 猜測詞文
(1)通過標題或主題句進行預測
(2)文章的標題或主題句可包括作者的意圖和傾向、篇章的總體意義和深層意義,因此通過文章標題或主題句進行預測,以便正確理解。
(3)通過語篇標記進行預測
(4)語篇標記包括關聯詞、轉換詞也包括其他關鍵詞。
(5)利用背景知識預測
(6)利用圖片進行預測
C. 八年級上冊英語語法重點必背
八年級上冊的重要英語語法包括可數名詞與不可數名詞、賓語從句、被動語態等等。接下來分享具體的八年級上冊英語語法,希望對同學們復習有幫助。
可數名詞與不可數名詞
(一)可數名詞
英語中的物質名詞大體上可分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。可數名詞指物體的數量可數。其單數形式可在名詞前加a或an,表示一個,如a pear. 其復數形式要在詞尾加-s,或-es(特殊情況除外),如two bananas, three tomatoes, many apples,a few students
(二)不可數名詞
1.不可數名詞指物體的數量不可數。不可數名詞沒有單復數之分,也不能在詞前直接加冠詞a 或an.表示不可數名詞的數量時可在不可數名詞前加相應的由量詞構成的短語。如a bag of… 2.常見的量詞短語有:
a piece of… a cup of… a teaspoon of… a bottle of…
3.不可數名詞還可以用下面的詞表示數量:much(much rain),
a little (a little milk).
4.既可以修飾不可數名詞又可以修飾不可數名詞的詞有:
Lots of= a lot of許多,大量 some一些(用於肯定句)any一些(用於否定句和一般疑問句)
賓語從句
(一) 賓語從句的語序:
賓語從句的語序是陳述語序,即「連接詞+主語+謂語+其它成分」。特別強調:它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述語序,而不是疑問句的倒裝結構。
Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳)
Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √)
陳述句變為賓語從句時,要注意人稱和時態的變化,語序不變。 eg. She said, 「I will leave a message on the desk.」 à She said she would leave a message on the desk.
一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變為賓語從句時,也要注意人稱和時態的變化,後面接陳述語序。Eg. 「Where are the tickets?」 I asked him. à I asked him where the tickets are.
(二) 賓語從句的時態呼應:
賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態,常常受到主句謂語時態的制約,此為時態呼應。如果主句謂語是一般現在時或將來時,從句謂語的時態不受限制;如果主句謂語的時態是一般過去時,從句一般要隨著改為相應的過去時態(一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時、過去完成時)。
eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳)
I thought (that) you would be free today.(√)
【注意】當賓語從句敘述的是客觀真理時,不管主句謂語的時態如何,從句都用一般現在時。
(三) 其他需要說明的問題:
1、 標點由主句決定,如主句是陳述句、祈使句,則用句號;是疑問句則用問號。
eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?
2、 要注意個別句子中主從句人稱的一致。
被動語態
(一)被動語態的結構。
被動語態由「助動詞be+過去分詞」構成,其中be有時態、人稱和數的變化。被動語態根據時態的不同,可以分為以下幾種類型:
一般現在時:am/is/are +done
一般過去時:was/were+done
現在進行時:am/is/are+being done
過去進行時:was/were+being done
將來時:will/would+be done,be going to be done,be to be done
現在完成時:have/has+been done
過去完成時:had +been done
將來完成時:will+have been done
(二)被動語態的用法。
1.不知道或者沒必要指出動作的執行者時,常用被動語態,這時往往不用by短語。用by短語主要是為了突出動作的執行者。
例:The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday.
昨天,教室前窗玻璃被打破了。(這里不知道打破玻璃的人是誰)
History is made by the people.
歷史由人民創造。(為了突出動作執行者the people,用了by短語)
2.為了使語言得體或者更圓滑等不願意說出動作的執行者,那就用被動語態。
例:You are not allowed to bring the dog here.
你在這兒不允許帶狗。
3.出於修辭的原因或者為了更好的安排句子。
例:The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 這個提議特別遭到了那些在本地區投資很大的人的反對。(因those的定語太長了,若用它作主語,主語與謂語就相距太遠而顯得句子鬆散。)
D. 初二英語語法有哪些
初二上
1. so+謂語+主語:…也一樣. 謂語:be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞
2. so+主語+謂語:的確如此,真的這樣.
3. help yourself/yurselves to...請隨便吃點...
4. 發現sb做sth : find sb doing sth
5. 不完全同意I don』t really agree.
完全不同意I really don』t agree.
6. 或者..或者...either…or…..就近原則
既不..也不..neither…nor….就近原則
既....又...both…and….謂語用復數
7. 看起來,似乎It seems/seemed that…..
8. 由於...而聞名be famous for….
9. 餐館就餐用語:a table for two/sit at the table by the window/here』s the menu/May I take your order?/could we have the bill?/That』s all.
10. 問路Which is the way to…/where is…/How can I get to…/Is there a..near here/Can you tell me the way to…/Can you tell me how I can get to…?
11. turn right at the third crossing/traffic lights在第3個路口往右拐=take the third crossing on your right
12. 過橋go across the bridge=cross the bridge
13. 走到路的盡頭go up this road to the end=go on until you reach the end.
14. at the street corner在街角
15. on sb』s way to….在sb去…的途中/路上
16. what』s the matter?=what』s wrong?=what』s the trouble?怎麼了?
17. be sick in hospital/in bed 生病住院/卧床
18. Maybe it is there=it may be there可能在那裡.
19. It takes/took/will take sb+時間+to do sth. Sb做sth花費了…時間
20. 路途遙遠It』s (5 kms)far(away) from…=That』s quite a long way.
21. wait for…等待
22. 五分鍾的步行/駕駛路程:five minutes』 walk/drive
23. 迷路lose sb』s way/sb be lost/sb get lost
24. just then=just at that time/moment就在那時
25. 首先first of all=at first
26. a big city like Tokyo像東京這樣的大城市
27. It』s easy/interesting/important/ (for sb) to do sth.(對sb來說)做sth是容易的/有趣的/重要的.
28. if 條件狀語從句:從句一般現在時,主句一般將來時。如:If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the zoo.
29. at the head /end of…在…的前/尾部
30. 我的背很疼. My back hurts badly.
31. 為…做准備get /be ready for…
32. stop sb (from) doing sth.阻止/不讓sb做sth
33. have a good/wonderful time=enjoy oneself 玩得很高興
34. answer in a tired voice/with a smile 用疲憊的聲音/面帶微笑回答。
35. quarrel with sb on sth 為了sth與sb 吵架
36. complain about sth 為…而抱怨,投訴
37. 生病用語:sb have a headache=sb have a pain in the head 頭痛,have a cough 咳嗽,have/catch a cold 感冒,have cancer 得了癌症。
38. have /take the medicine three times a day 吃葯,每天3次
39. take sb』s temperature 量體溫,look over 醫生檢查病人
40. drink more water 多喝水,take more exercise 多鍛煉
41. sb醒來: sb wake up, //sb 醒著的:sb be awake
42. sb 睡著了入睡 be/fall asleep
43. 忙著…bu busy doing/with sth
44. as soon as… 一… 就 ...
45. sleeping pills安眠葯,light music 輕音樂
46. again and again 再三地,一次又一次
47. dream about…夢見…; dream of… 夢想成為…
48. 系動詞+形容詞: be/smell/taste/sound/look/feel/turn/get/become
49. make trouble製造麻煩,惹是生非,make a noise 製造噪音
50. every five minutes 每隔5分鍾
51. instead/instead of…代替,取而代之,反而
52. write to sb. 寫信給sb
53. get enough sleep 睡眠充足;stay happy 保持心情開朗
54. on time 准時;in time 按時
55. sb had better (not) do sth, sb 最好(別)做sth
56. land on …登陸
57. pull…out of..=pull…up from…拉上來
58. 不定代詞:something/anyone/nobody/everywhere等
59. we』re all by ourselves=we』re alone.單獨,獨自
60. feel a little afraid/don』t be afraid. 有點害怕/別害怕
61. perhaps=maybe也許,可能
62. not …until… 直到…才…
63. sooner or later 遲早,早晚
64. ran after追//ran to …向..跑去// ran away 逃跑了
65. eat up 吃光// use up 用完
66. take (good) care of ..=look after…照顧,保管
67. 我自學英語learn English by myself= teach myself English
68. learn to do sth 學會…
69. 記日記 keep a diary,寫日記 write a diary
70. leave sb by oneself 單獨留下sb
71. join in the League/Party 入團/黨
72. 越來越…:比較級+and+比較級; more and more +多音節詞。如:bigger and bigger , more and more interesting
73. 越…, 就越…: the +比較級,the +比較級。 如:越大越好:the bigger, the better
74. turn on/off 開/關(電器),turn up/down音量開大/小
75. the whole story=all the story整個故事,整件事情
76. 過了一會兒after a while/moment
77. make faces 做鬼臉
78. 名勝,景點interesting places=places of interest
79. my hometown in Zhejiang 我浙江的老家
80. 暑假summer holidays; 五一假期 May 1st holiday
81. a strong wind大風;in the wind 在風里
82. make sb do sth. 使/逼迫sb做sth
83. 倒裝句(為了強調)There he is./ Away he went.
84. with these words. 說完這些話,說著說著(伴隨狀語)。
85. I don』t know how to use it yet. 我不知道怎樣使用它。
where to go. 我不知道該去哪裡。
what to do. 我不知道該做什麼。
86. wait for sb』s turn to do sth 等著輪到sb做sth
It』s sb』s turn to do sth. 輪到sb去做sth
被動:be+動詞過去分詞
eg:The trees are planted every year.
過去完成時:
過去完成時表示在過去某一時刻或某一動作之前已經發生的動作或情況,一般用在描述過去的某個時點已經發生過的動作或情況的句子中,即:過去的過去。如:
When we got there, the football match had already started.
當我們趕到時,足球比賽已經開始了。
過去完成時由「主語+had+動詞過去分詞」構成。其肯定句,否定句和疑問句結構如下:
肯定句:主語+had+過去分詞+其他.
否定句:主語+had not+過去分詞+其他.
疑問句:Had+主語+過去分詞+其他?
He had worked for two years by then. 到那時他已經工作兩年了。
He hadn't worked for two years by then. 到那時他已經兩年不工作了。
Had he worked for two years by then? 到那時他已經工作兩年了嗎?
三、過去完成時的基本用法
1. 過去完成時表示在過去某一時間之前已完成的動作,表示對這一過去時間造成的結果或影響。常用以下幾種方式:
(1) 用by,before等構成的介詞短語。 eg:
Linda had learnt 10 English songs by the end of last month.
到上個月底,琳達已經學了10首英文歌曲。
John had repaired that machine before midnight.
在半夜之前約翰已經修好了那台機器。
(2) 用when, before, after等引導的時間狀語從句。如:
The train had started before we got to the station.
在我們到達車站之前,火車已經開了。
The plane had taken off when I reached the airport.
我到達機場時,飛機已經起飛了。
2. 過去完成時還可以表示過去某一時間以前發生開始的動作持續到
這一過去的時間。常與for, since引導的表示一段時間的短語或從句連用。如:
I had worked in a hospital for three years before I came here.
我來這之前,在一家醫院已經工作三年了。
He told us that he had worked here since 10 years before.
初二下
a pair of一雙,一對
ask for 請求
ask sb (not) to do sth叫某人干
agree with贊同
all year round一年到頭,全年
all kinds of各種,各樣
all the time一直
argue with與爭吵
around the world在世界各地
arrive in/at到達
at least至少
at a meeting在開會
at first首先
as…as possible盡可能
as…as象一樣
be able to能夠
be angry with 生氣
be mad at對感到氣憤
be good at擅長於
be careful小心
be allowed被允許
be surprised驚訝
be supposed to被期望/被要求
be interested in對感興趣
break the rule打破規則
by the way順便
complain about抱怨
come along出現,發生
come true實現,達到
come in進來
cut in line插隊
call sb. up打電話給
do/wash the dishes洗碗
drop litter亂扔垃圾
do well in在方面做得好
enjoy /finish doing sth喜歡/完成某事
end up結束
fall in love with愛上
fall asleep入睡
far from遠離
first of all首先
fly to飛向
find out找到
…find it adj. to do sth
keep…down壓低聲音
keep out不讓進入
look for尋找
look smart 看起來精幹
look after照顧
look through瀏覽
let (sb) in讓進
let sb do sth 讓某人干
get along相處
get over克服
get annoyed生氣
get bored厭煩
get an ecation受教育
get on (well) with與相處(好)
get injured受傷
give sb sth/give sth to sb給某人某物
give away贈送
go skating去溜冰
go out of從出去/來
have a fight with與打架/爭吵
have a surprise party舉行驚訝聚會
have a great/good time玩得愉快
have been to曾到過
hear about/of聽說
hundreds of好幾百
had better (not) do sth最好做
in a minute一會兒
in 100 years100年後
in good health身體健康
in front of 在前面
in the future 未來,將來
in the front of在前面
in the playground在操場
in/out of style時髦/過時
in silence默默地
in order to目的
in (Russian) style具有俄國風格
in public places在公共場合
make sb do sth使某人干
make a living (doing sth)謀生
make money賺錢
make friends with與交友
more than多於
need to do sth 需要干
not…anymore不再
not…until直到為止
not at all一點也不
on (my tenth) birthday在(我十歲)生日
on the phone在通話
on the one/other hand在一(另)方面
open up打開
put out熄滅
pick…up撿起
pass (sth) on (to sb)傳遞
pay for 付款
part-time job兼職工作
run out of用盡
run away逃跑
rather than勝於
right away立刻,馬上
spend…on/(in) doing sth花費
seem to do sth好象干
sleep late睡懶覺
see sb do/doing sth看某人做/在做
start/begin to do/doing sth 開始干某事
adj.(special) enough夠(特別
It take sb some time to do sth.花費某人時間干某事
the same as與相同
try (not) to do sth盡力(不)干
three quarters四分之三
turn on/off打開/關掉
turn up/down開大/關小
talk to/with與談話
take care of照顧
take part in參加
take off起飛take away拿走
take place發生
take an interest in對感興趣
take care (not) to do小心(不)做
thanks for (doing)謝謝(做)
wait in line排隊等候
want to do sth/would like to do sth 想干
There will be fewer/less…
--What should I do?
--You should do…
--what were you doing when…?
--I was (doing)…when…
While he was (doing)…,a girl called the police.
If you wear jeans to the party, the teachers won』t let you in.
--How long have you been skating?
--I』ve been skating since nine o』clock/for five hours.
Would you mind (not) doing sth?
Could you please (not) do sth?
Why don』t you /not (do sth)?
How/What about sth/doingsth?
他告訴我他自從十年前就一直在這兒工作了。
E. 人教版八年級上英語全部知識點、語法
1.形容詞和副詞的比較級
(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞後+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音節詞前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 雙寫最後一個字母,再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y變i,再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不規則變化:
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
2.祈使句:
Sit down please
Don』t sit down, please.
3. there be 結構
肯定句: There is a …
There are …
一般疑問句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn』t.
Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren』t.
否定句: There isn』t …. There aren』t….
4.一般現在時:通常用 「usually, often, every day, sometimes」.
形式:
肯定句:
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day.
5.現在進行時:形式: be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
動詞 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming
6.
重點的句型:
1.How many + 復數名詞 + are there ...?
此句型是一個特殊疑問句,意思是\"在.有多少.?\"多用來對可數名詞的數量提問.How many 後面要接可數名詞的復數形式.如:
How many apples are there on the table? 桌子上有多少個蘋果?
2.. What about ...?
此句型意思是\".怎麼樣?\"、\".呢?\",通常用來詢問情況或徵求意見、看法等.其中的about是介詞,後面可接名詞、代詞或動詞等.如:
What about that computer? 那台電腦怎麼樣?
My gloves are red. What about theirs? 我的手套是紅色的,他們的呢?
What about playing games after school? 放學後做游戲怎麼樣?
3. What time is it?/What\'s the time?
英語中,常用這兩個句型來詢問現在的時間,意思是\"什麼時間了?\"或\"幾點了?\"其答語一般用\"It\'s + 時間.\"其中的it指代時間,翻譯時可不譯,常在句尾加上please,以表示委婉的語氣.如:
What time is it, please? 請問現在幾點了?
-It's about a quarter past ten. 大約十點十五分.
4. What colour + be + 主語?
詢問某物的顏色,一般用以What colour 開頭的特殊疑問句,其答語通常用\"It\'s/They\'re + 表示顏色的形容詞\".如:
-What colour is her blouse? 她的襯衫是什麼顏色的?
-It's light blue. 是淺藍色的.
5.Whose + 名詞 + be + 其它?/Whose + be + 名詞?
英語中常用這兩個句型來詢問某事物屬誰所有.如:
Whose cup is that? 那是誰的杯子?
Whose are these photos? 這些照片是誰的?
6. It's time for + sth. /It's time to do sth. / It's time for sb. to do sth.
這個結構意思都是\"該做某事了\",\"到做某事的時候了\".如:
It's time for school. 到上學的時候了.
It\'s time to have supper. 該吃晚飯了.
7. 選擇疑問句:選擇疑問句是用or連接詢問的兩部分,以供選擇,答案必須是完整的句子或其省略形式,不能用Yes或No回答
一般提出兩種或兩種以上的可能,問對方選擇哪一種.其結構可用一般疑問句,也可用特殊疑問句.供選擇的兩部分用or連接,前者讀升調,後者讀降調.
e.g. Will you go there by bus or by train?
What would you like, coffee or tea?
How many pens do you have, one or two?
選擇疑問句的答語必須是完整的句子或其省略式,不能答yes或no.
e.g. Do you go to school by bus or by bike?
By bus.
Which would you like, tea or coffee? Coffee.
一般疑問句演化來的選擇疑問句
e.g. Is it right or wrong?
Were you or he there?
Are they reading, chatting or watching TV?
特殊疑問句演化來的選擇疑問句
e.g. Which do you like better, coffee or milk?
What color is it, red, blue or yellow?
Where are you going, to the classroom or to the library?
or not構成的選擇疑問句
e.g. Do you want to buy it or not?
Are you ready or not
8.另外,「to be + going + 動詞不定式」這個特殊的結構可表示在未來即將要進行的動作.
例:He is going to tell me tomorrow - 他將在明天告訴我.
練習題:
There are ____ water in the bottle.(B)瓶子里有一點水
There are ____ water in the bottle.(A)瓶子里沒水了
There are ____ students in the classroom.(D)教室里有幾個學生
There are ____ students in the classroom(C)教室里沒有學生
There are ____ apples on the trees.(D)有幾個蘋果長在樹上
選項統一為
A、little B、a little C、few D、a few
3. Of course,every one of us_1__to make friends like food---they are useful to us,and they can help us when we are _2__need._3__you can make as many friends of this kind as possible.
(1) A.want B.will want C.wants
(2) A.in B.on C.for D.of
(3) A.And B.But C.So D.Because
答案:CAC
4.Twenty minutes later,John_1__a tree.His leg was broken,and it hurt _2__.
Mr smith _3__to mend the chair.then he_4__himself with a hammer.
(1) A.fell over B.fell from C.fell down D.fell on
(2) A.all the day B.all day C.whole day D.all days
(3) A.starts B.started C.was starting
(4) A.damaged B.knocked C.hit D.cut
答案:BABC