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學玉雕要有什麼基礎 2024-11-17 09:11:46

高一英語語法知識

發布時間: 2022-04-25 04:25:35

1. 高一英語高頻知識點

我給你分為三個部分 第一部分是重點片語 第二部分是重點巨型 第三部分是重點語法 希望對你有所幫助

重點句型
1.「So + be/have/助動詞/情態動詞+主詞」的結構。此結構中的語序是倒裝的,「So」代替上句中的某個成分。如果上面一句是否定句,則使用「Neither/Nor+be/have/助動詞/情態動詞+主語」的結構。
例如 He』s tired,and so am I.(=I』 m also tired.)
You can swim,and so can I.(=I can also swim.)
She has had supper,and so can I.(=I』ve had lunch,too.)
Tom speaks English,and so does his sister.(=His sister speaks English,too.)
A: I went to the park yesterday.
B: So did I.(=I also went to the park yesterday.)
2.「So +主語+be/have/助動詞/情態動詞」結構中的主謂是正常語序,so相當於indeed,certainly,表示說話人對前面或對方所說情況的肯定、贊同或證實,語氣較強,意思是「確實如此」。
例如 A:It was cold yesterday.昨天很冷。B:So it was.的確如此。(=Yes,it was.)
A:You seem to like sports.B:So I do.(=Yes,I do.)
A:It will be fine tomorrow.B:So it will.(=Yes ,it will.)
3.「主語+do/does/did + so」結構指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事,以免重復。
My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(=I handed in
my composition on time.) 語文老師叫我按時交作文, 我照辦了。
4.So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 「……(的情況)也是如此。」當前面的句子中有幾種不同形式的謂語時,要表示相同情況,必須使用本句型,不能使用so 引起的倒裝句。
She doesn』t play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.
5、There you are. 行了,好。
這是一句表示一種事情告一段落或有了最終結果的用語。如:
There you are! Then let's have some coffee.除此之外,還可以表示「瞧,對吧(果然如此)」的語氣。例如:There you are! I knew we should find it at last.對吧!我就知道我們最終能找到的。
6、have some difficulty (in) doing sth.
干某事有困難;接名詞時,常用句型:have some difficulty with sth.
①Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding English?你理解英語口語有困難嗎?
②She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.她說她在發音方面有困難。
7、have a good knowledge of sth.
「掌握……」,「對……有某種程度的了解」
①He has a good knowledge of London.他對倫敦有所了解。
②A good knowledge of languages is always useful.
8、Tree after tree went own, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres deep.
一棵又一棵的樹被水沖倒、沖斷。那水肯定有三米深。
「must have + 過去分詞」表示對已發生事情的猜測。在英語中,must,may,can三個情態動詞可用來表示對事情的猜測。Must意為「肯定」,語氣很有把握;may意為「可能」、「也許」,語氣把握性不大。兩者常用在肯定句中。Can意為「肯定」、「也許」,常用在否定句或疑問句中。Must,may,can三者用於表示猜測時,其後面可跟三種不同的動詞形式:1)跟動詞原形表示對現在事情的猜測;
2)跟be doing表示對正在發生事情的猜測;3)跟have done表示對已經發生的事情的猜測。例如:
Helen is Lucy』s good friend. She must know Lucy』s e-mail.海倫是露茜的好朋友。她肯定知道露茜的電子郵件。
We can hear loud voices in the meeting room. They must be quarrelling.我們可以聽到會議
室很吵。他們肯定在吵架。
I met Jeff at the gate a moment ago. He can』t have gone to Australia.我剛才還在大門口見
過傑夫。他不可能去了澳大利亞。
9、Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看著猴子從他手上吃花生,很有趣。
fun 「好玩,趣事」,不可數名詞,前面不加不定冠詞a。
You』re sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你肯定會玩得很開心。
make fun of「取笑」,「嘲弄」。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a
strange jacket.人們嘲笑他只是因為他穿了一件那麼奇怪的衣服。
funny adj. 「可笑的,滑稽的」。He looks very funny in his father』s jacket.他穿著他父親
的衣服,看上去很滑稽。
10、Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea……
許多看過這部電影的人都不敢在海里游。
afraid 用法說明:1)害怕人/ 物,如:be afraid of sb / sth
2)不敢做某事,如:be afraid to do sth / of doing sth
He is afraid to go out / of going out alone at night.
3) 擔心會發生某事, 如: be afraid of doing sth或be afraid + that clause
He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid of falling into the river.
He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid that he might fall into theriver.
4) 給人不愉快的信息或不贊同某人意見時, 用I』m afraid …, 如:
I』m afraid I』ve got bad news for you.I』m afraid I can』t agree with you.
11、It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盤子里所有東西吃完是有禮貌的。
這是一個動詞不定式作主語的句型,其中to finish eating everything 是主語,it是形式主語。
12、I wish you all the best.我祝你萬事如意.
用wish來表示祝願的結構是wish sb sth, 此外我們還可以用may來表示祝願: May sb do sth如:
May you succeed.
13、Where there is a river, there is a city. 有河流的地方就有城市。
Where在這里引導的是地點狀語從句,相當於介詞in/ at/ to + the place + where從句9定語從句),意思是「在……地方」。 例如:
Where there is smoke, there is fire.無風不起浪;事出有因。
He lives where the climate is mild.他住在氣候溫暖的地方。
14、Strong, proud, and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia .
聖彼得堡人民堅強不屈、充滿自豪、團結一致,他們是俄羅斯當代的英雄。
Strong, proud, and united為前置定語,在這里相當於一個非限制性定語從句:
The people of St Petersburg , who are strong, proud, and united, are the modern heroes
of Russia . 當主語比較短時,這類短語常常放在句首。
15. Congratulations!是一句祝賀用語,在使用時要用復數形式。其他幾個通常以復數形式出現表達特定含義的名詞有:
manners(禮貌):He is a little boy with good manners.這個小男孩很有禮貌。
regards (問候):Please send my regards to your parents.請代我問候你父母。
16. Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games.
沒四年,世界各地的運動員們都要參加奧運會。
「every + 基數詞 + 時間/ 距離單位」詞表示「每多少時間/ 距離」。如:
every five days(每五天), every three hours(每三小時), every ten metres(每十公尺)
類似表達形式還有:every fifth day, every third hour
「每隔一天」的表達形式有:every second day, every two days, every other day.
17、Modern cellphones are more than just phones—they are used as cameras and radios, and
to send e-mail or surf the Internet.現代的手機不僅僅是電話機—它們也當坐照相機和收音機使用,還可以發送電子郵件和上網。
use A as B 把A用作B。例如:
In ancient times, people used stones as tools for farming.在古代,人們把石頭用作耕作的工具。
use sth to do sth用某物來做某事。例如:
In ancient times, people used stones to kill animals for food.在古代,人們用石頭來捕殺動物獲取食物。
18、The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no
matter where we are or what we are doing.答案似乎是:無論我們在何處或正在做什麼,我們都需要和朋友以及家人一直保持聯系。
1) seem 似乎,好像,其用法及搭配有:seem + adj., 如:
This problem seems complicated, but actually it is simple.這個問題看似復雜,其實很簡單。
seem to do : I seem to have seen him somewhere before.我好像以前在哪兒見過他。
It seems that…,; It seems that everything is going on well.好像一切正常。
It seems as if…,: It seems as if it』s going to rain.看來快要下雨了。
2) no matter無論,不管,後面常跟疑問詞引導的從句,其意相當於疑問詞後加ever。如 no matter what=whatever; no matter where=wherever; no matter how=however; no matter when=whenever例如:
No matter when (Whenever) I meet him, he is always wearing that old hat.
不管我什麼時候遇見他,他總是戴著那頂舊禮帽。
No matter how (However) expensive the cellphone is, I』ll buy it because I need one badly.
無論這手機有多貴,我都要買。因為我急需有個手機。
重點語法:
直接引語和間接引語
1. 直接引語在改為間接引語時,時態需要做相應的調整。
eg: 「I broke your CD player.」 (一般過去時改成過去完成時)He told me he had broken my CD player.
Jenny said, 「I have lost a book.」(現在完成時改成過去完成時)Jenny said she had lost a book.
Mum said, 「I』ll go to see a friend.」(一般將來時改成過去將來時)Mum said she would go to see a friend.
過去完成時保留原有的時態
He said, 「We hadn』t finished our homework.」 He said they hadn』t finished their homework.
注意 直接引語是客觀真理,過去進行時,時態不變。
2. 在直接引語變間接引語時,如果從句中的主語時第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾,從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化。如:
Mary said, 「My brother is an engineer.」=Mary said her brother was and engineer.
3. 直接引語如果是反意疑問句,選擇疑問句或一般疑問句,間接引語應改為由whether或if引導的賓語從句。如:
He said, 「Can you run, Mike?」=He asked Mike whether/if he could run.
4. 直接引語如果是祈使句,間接引語應改為「tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.」句型。如:
「Pass me the water, please.」said he.。=He asked him to pass her the water.
5. 直接引語如果是以「Let』s」開頭的祈使句,變為間接引語時,通常用「suggest+動名詞或從句」的結構。如:
She said, 「Let』s go to the cinema.」=She suggested going to the cinema.
或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.
現在進行時表將來的動作
現在進行時表將來的動作,謂語通常為瞬間動詞。如:come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。這些動詞的進行時後不能再接具體的時間。
(1)用現在進行時表示將來,指的是近期的,按計劃或安排要發生的動作。
(2)現在進行時表示將來與表示正在進行的動作的區別在於:前者通常用瞬間動詞(有時一些常用動詞也可以這樣用如:do)如:go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而後者通常是持續性動詞。
He is reading a novel.
他在看小說。
The train is arriving soon.
火車就要進站了。
(3)用現在進行時表示將來的時間,在句中或上下文中通常有表示將來時間的狀語。
(4)現在進行時與一般現在時表示將來動作的區別在於:前者表示的將來的動作往往是可以改變的,而後者則是根據規定或時間表預計要發生的動作或事情,因此往往是不可改變或不可隨便改變的。
What are you doing next Friday?
下星期五你們打算干什麼?
The plane takes off at 7:30 tonight.
飛機今晚七點半起飛。
定語從句 (the Attributive Clause)
1. 描述特定時間的特徵 ---- 由when或介詞+which引導定語從句:
This was the moment when / at which Spielberg』s career really took off.
2. 描述特定地點的特徵 ---- 由where或介詞+which引導定語從句:
Chuck survives the air crash and lands on a deserted island where / on which there are no people.
3. 描述特定原因或理由的內容 ---- 由why或介詞+which引導定語從句:
The reason why / for which Steven Spielberg could not go to the Film Academy was that his grades were too low.
限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別
定語從句分限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句,歸納起來,二者有以下幾點不同:
一、作用不同
限制性定語從句與先行詞的關系非常密切,是先行詞不可缺少的定語,它所修飾的詞代表一個(些)或一類特定的人或物 如果刪去,全句的意思就會變得不明確。而非限制性定語從句在意義上是先行詞的一個附加修飾語,對先行詞只起進一步補充說明的作用;若把它去掉,全句意思仍然清楚。例如:
The girl who stood in the corner just now is my younger sister.
剛才站在角落裡的那個姑娘是我的妹妹。
Mary Smith,who is in the corner, wants to meet you.
瑪麗·史密斯在那個角落裡,她想見你。
第一個例句中的定語從句指明作為主語的「姑娘」不是任何一個,而是在角落的那個。如果去掉定語從句,表達的意思就不明確。第二個例句已經表明主語是誰,定語從句只不過是補充說明一點情況而已。若去掉從句,句子意思仍然完整。
二、形式不同
非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間通常有逗號 而限制性定語從句與先行詞之間則無逗號。例如:
He』s the man who lives next door.
他就是住在隔壁的那個人。(從句不可少,從句前無逗號。)
His wife,whom you met at my house,is a teacher.
他的妻子是一位老師,你在我家曾見過她。(從句可有可無,從句前有逗號。)
三、含義不同
限制性定語從句有涉他性;非限制性定語從句有唯一性。例如:
In the class there are ten students who speak English very well.
這個班上有十名英語說得好的學生。(暗示班上不只是十個學生。)
In the class there are ten students,who speak English very well.
這個班上有十名學生,他們英語說得很好。
(非限制性定語從句,表明班上只有十個學生。)
四、 譯法不同
在把限制性定語從句譯成漢語時,通常在從句的末尾加「的」字,放在它所修飾名詞的前邊。而在把非限制性定語從句譯成漢語時,一般譯成一個單獨的句子。請看下面例句:
The film that we saw yesterday was very interesting.
我們昨天看的電影非常有趣。
Beijing,which is the capital of China,is a very beautiful city.
北京是中國的首都,它是一座非常美麗的城市。
限定性定語從句
1、定義:在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句一般放在先行詞的後面。引導定語從句的詞有關系代詞that, which, who ( 賓格whom,所有格whose)和關系副詞where, when,關系代詞或關系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間,起聯系作用,同時又作定語從句的一個成份。
⑴The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. 住在我的隔壁的人是賣菜的。
在該句中the man 是先行詞,who 是關系代詞,引導定語從句who lives next to us.在定語從句中,who 作主語。
2、由關系代詞who, whom, which, that引導的限定性定語從句。
1)如果先行詞是人,則用關系代詞who/that; 如果先行詞是物,則用關系代詞which/that。
⑵The number of people who/that lost homes reached as many as 250,000.
無家可歸的人多達25萬。
⑶It sounded like a train that was going under my house.
它聽起來就像是在我的房子下行駛的一列火車。
2)關系代詞who, whom, which, that既起聯系作用,引導定語從句,使之同它句中的某個名詞/代詞發生關系,同時又充當定語從句的一個成份。(如作從句中的主語或賓語)。當它們在從句中作賓語時,常可以省略。
⑷The boy(who/whom/that)we saw yesterday was John's brother.
我們昨天見到的那個男孩是約翰的兄弟。
⑸The car (which/that)my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.
我叔叔剛買的那輛汽車在地震上毀壞了。
說明:
關系代詞whom用來指人,是賓格,常用在書面語中作定語從句的賓語。在口語和非正式文體中,常用who/that來代替whom或省略,如例句4。
3)當關系代詞that或which修飾事物,作介詞賓語時,如果介詞位於關系代詞之前,則用which(不能省)而不用that。
⑹The tool with which he is working is called a saw = The tool(that/which)he is working with
is called a saw.他幹活的那個工具叫鋸子(不說…with that…)
⑺The factory in which his father used to work was closed last month = the factory
(that/which) his father used to work in was closed last month.
他父親以前工作過的那家工廠上個月關閉了。
說明:含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開,介詞仍放在動詞的後面。
Is this the watch (which/that)you are looking for?
這是你正在找的那塊手錶嗎?
The babies(whom/that)the nurses are looking after are very healthy.
那些護士正在照顧的寶寶們非常健康。
被動語態
結構:1.行為動詞的被動語態: 助動詞be + 及物動詞的過去分詞.
be有人稱.時態.數的變化,其變化規則與be作為連系動詞時完全一樣.
一般現在時 am/is/are+及物動詞的過去分詞
一般過去時 was/were +及物動詞的過去分詞
一般將來時 will +be +及物動詞的過去分詞
現在完成時 have/has+been+及物動詞的過去分詞
2.情態動詞的被動語態: 情態動詞 + be +及物動詞的過去分詞
否定式:是在助動詞 be 或情態動詞後加not構成
疑問式:是把上述助動詞或情態動詞提到主語之前,句尾加問號構成.
被動語態主要的用法
1)我們不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執行者是誰(這時 都不帶由by引起的短語)。
The book is written for teachers. 這種書是為教師寫的。
2)動作的承受者是談話的中心(這時可帶有by引起的短語)。
The shop is run by a young man.這家商店是由一個年輕人經營的。
3)出於禮貌措辭等方面的考慮不願說出動作的執行者 是誰。
It is generally considered not advisable to smoke here.一般認為在這兒吸煙是不妥當的。
4)被動結構能使句子得到更好的安排。
Liu Dehua appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.劉德華在台上出現,觀眾給予了熱烈的掌聲。
5)在漢語中被動結構的句子是很多的,有些帶有「被」、 「受」、「由」等詞,譯成英語時較易想到用被動結構。
①他被選為我班班長。He was elected monitor of our class.
但在更多情況下卻不帶這類標記,這種情況值得特別注意。
②運動會什麼時候開? When will the sports meet be held?
注 意
點:1.只有及物動詞能構成被動語態, 不及物動詞不能構成被動語態.
2.某些不及物動詞與介詞.副詞搭配構成短語動詞,帶有賓語時,則有了動作的承受者,這時應把它們看作一個整體,變為被動語態,不能丟掉其中的介詞,常用的有look after,take care of,cut down, laugh at,talk about,turn on等
eg.Catherine always takes care of the little girl.
→The little girl is always taken care of by Carherine.
3.有些動詞短語本身即是被動語態的形式, 不要再加by 短語,常用的有
be covered with be surprised at be interested in be worried about
be made of/from be known to
4.某些動詞形式是主動語態,但含有被動的意思.
eg. This dictionary sells well. This kind of car drives fast. The woolen sweater costs $ 88.
5.主動語態與被動語態的相互變化關系
主動句: 主語 + 謂語 + 賓語
(動作執行者) (動作承受者)
被動句: 主語 +謂語動詞的被動形式+ by + 動作執行者
(動作承受者)

重點片語的太多了 字數超過限制 我發到給你消息上的

2. 高一年級英語語法

1 後面接續不同導致意思不同
be used to +doing 習慣做某事
used to +do 過去常常做某事
be used to +do 被用來做某事
例句:
use to 用...來做某事
He uses a knife to cut.
used to do 過去常常做某事
He used to live in London.
be used to do 被用作做某事
Knives are used to cut food. 被動語態
be used to doing 習慣做某事
I'm not used to eating so much at lunch time

2 need做情態動詞時 後面直接加動詞原形 作為情態動詞的「need」的用法與其他情態動詞「can」,「may」,「must」的用法基本相同:在限定動詞片語中總是位居第一,沒有非限定形式,即沒有不定式、-ing分詞或-ed分詞等形式;第三人稱單數現在時沒有詞形變化;情態動詞之間是相互排斥的,即在一個限定動詞片語中只能有一個情態動詞。疑問句直接把need提前,否定句在need後面加not。 一些例句:
1.You needn't do it again.你不需要再做了。
2.He needn't worry about it.這件事他無需擔心。
3.Need he do this homework first?他需要先做這些作業嗎?

「need」作為實義動詞時,通常用法是:
人+need +to do
物+need +doing
物+need +to be done
另外,「need」後還可以直接跟名詞。請看下面的例子:
1).We need to tell him the truth.我們需要告訴他真相。
2).My car needs repairing.我的汽車需要修理。
3).The flowers need watering.這些花需要澆水。
4).His leather shoes needs to be mended.他的皮鞋需要修補。
5). It is aquestion that needs very careful consideraton.這是一個需要慎重考慮的問題。

3 attend, join, participate, take part in
這些動詞或片語均含「參加,加入」之意。
attend〓側重參加或出席會議或學術活動等。
He did not attend the meeting yesterday. 昨天他沒有參加會議。
join〓普通用詞,指加入黨派、團體或游戲活動等。
I'll persuade him to join our club.
我將勸他加入我們的俱樂部。
participate〓正式用詞,特指參加團體活動,暗示以一個積極的角色參加。
take part in〓側重參加某項群眾性、集體性的事業、工作或活動,突出參加者在其中發揮一定的作用。
Are you going to take part in the first experiment? 你們會參與首次實驗嗎?
enter for是"報名參加"的意思
報名參加數學競賽(enter for the maths contest)

PS:這是老師給LZ留的作業吧。嘻嘻,還是聽老師的話,去書店買本語法書吧。推薦你一本《初/高中英語基礎知識》。祝學業有成。

3. 高一英語知識

高一的語法內容就是各種定語從句。
1.定語從句: 關系代詞(that,which,who,whom,whose)和關系副詞(where,when,why)的定語從句。關系代詞在定語從句中做主語或賓語。關系副詞在從句中做狀語。
2. 主語從句,同位語從句。(句子做主語,句子做同位語)。
3.非謂語動詞:動名詞,動詞不定式,分詞(現在分詞和過去分詞)。

1) It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face. (從句時態用完成時) 這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚。
2) I wonder if it』s because I haven』t been able to be outdoors for so long that I』ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.(強調句) 我不知道這是不是因為我長久無法出門的緣故,我變得對一切與大自然有關的事物都無比狂熱。
3) I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. 有一天晚上,我熬到11點半故意不睡覺,為的是獨自好好看看月亮一次。
4) Your friend, who doesn』t work hard, asks you to help him cheat in the end-of-term exam.(非限制性定語從句) 你的一個朋友叫你在期末考試中幫他作弊,這個朋友平常不認真學習。
5) If you have some trouble (in) getting along with your friends, you can write to the editor and ask for advice. 如果你在和朋友的相處上有問題,你可以寫信給編輯向他徵求建議。
6) Add up your score and see how many points you can get. 把你的得分加起來,看看得了多少。
7) What he did has added to our difficulties. 他的所作所為增加了我們的困難。
8) His income adds up to $1000 a month. 他每月的收入共計1000美元。
9) It's no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. 觀看這些已不再是樂趣,因為大自然是你必須體驗的。
10) Why is she so concerned about his attitude to her work? 她為什麼那麼關注他對她的工作的看法?
11) The police asked him to set down what he had seen in a report. 警察讓他在報告中寫下他所看見的事情。
12) As I was about to go out and search for him, he happened to come in. 正當我打算出去找他時,他恰巧進來。
13) Mr. Jones lives alone and often feels lonely. 瓊斯先生單獨一人生活,常常感到孤獨。
14) We tried to calm him down, but he kept crying. 我們試圖讓他平靜下來,但他仍不停地哭著。
15) Does he dare (to) go out at night in such stormy weather? 他敢在這樣一個暴風雨夜外出嗎?

4. 高一英語必修一語法復習提綱

呵呵 希望對你有所幫助 祝樓主進步哈 新年快樂哈
一. 直接引語和間接引語

(一)直接引述別人的原話,叫做直接引語;用自己話轉述別人的話,叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內,間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時,除將引語部分變成賓語從句外,還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時態、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等進行改變。

1. 時態的變化:直接引語變為間接引語時,通常受轉述動詞said, asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態,即把原來的時態向過去推,也就是一般現在時變為一般過去時,現在進行時變為過去進行時,等等。例如:
Tom said to me,「My brother is doing his homework.」
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.

2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等等的變化: 根據意義進行相應的變化,例如:
She asked Jack,「Where have you been?」
→She asked Jack where he had been.

He said,「These books are mine.」
→He said that those books were his.

(二)直接引語改為間接引語時,都使用陳述語序,但是因為原句的句式不同,所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同。直接引語如果是一般疑問句,用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句,則用疑問詞引導間接引語。轉述的動詞一般用asked,可以在其後加上一個間接賓語me, him, her, us等。如:
She said,「Is your father at home?」
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.

「What do you do every Sunday?」My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.

直接引語如果是祈使句,改為間接引語時,要將祈使句的動詞原形變為帶to的不定式,並在不定式的前面根據原句的語氣(即請求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動詞,如果祈使句為否定式,則在不定式前加not。其句型為:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如:
She said to us,「Please sit down.」
→She asked us to sit down.

He said to him,「Go away!」
→He ordered him to go away.

He said, 「Don』t make so much noise, boys.」
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.

二. 各種時態的被動語態
被動語態概述
被動語態的概念:它是動詞的一種形式,表示主語與謂語之間的執行或被執行關系。主動語態表示主語是謂語動作的執行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被動語態表示主語是謂語動作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river.

被動語態的構成
被動語態的形式是由「助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數、時態等的不同而變化。幾種常見時態的被動語態形式如下:
1. 一般現在時 am/is/are + 過去分詞
例如:Rice is planted in the south of China.

2. 一般過去時 was/were + 過去分詞
例如:These trees were planted the year before last.

3. 一般將來時 will/shall + be + 過去分詞
例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.

4. 現在進行時 am/is/are + being + 過去分詞
例如:Your radio is being repaired now.

5. 過去進行時 was/were + being + 過去分詞
When he got there, the problem was being discussed.

6. 現在完成時 have/has + been + 過去分詞
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn』t.

7. 過去完成時 had + been + 過去分詞
注意:
1.除了be之外的其它系動詞如get, stay等也可以和過去分詞構成被動語態。例如:Their questions haven』t got answered.

2. 含有情態動詞的謂語變成被動語態使用「情態動詞+ be + 過去分詞」結構。例如:
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can』t be done until Mr. Black comes.

3. 含有「be going to」, 「be to」等結構的謂語,其被動語態分別用「be going to + be + 過去分詞」和「be to + be + 過去分詞」。例如:
The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.

4. 被動語態與系表結構的區別:「連系動詞+用作表語的過去分詞」構成的系表結構,與被動語態的形式完全一樣,所以應注意它們的區別。被動語態中的過去分詞是動詞,多強調動作;系表結構中的過去分詞相當於形容詞,多強調狀態。前者通常可用by 引出動作的執行者,而後者則不可以。例如:
The map was changed by someone.(被動結構)
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結構)
系表結構中的過去分詞通常可被very修飾,被動語態中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。
例如:
He was very excited.(系表結構)
He was much excited by her words.(被動結構)

5. 主動形式表被動意義。有些動詞的主動形式有被動意味,如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時句子的主語一般是物。例如:
These books sell well. 這些書很暢銷。
The door won』t shut. 這門關不上。
The clothes wash well. 這些衣服很好洗。

5. 英語高一語法和句子結構有哪些

先行詞在定語從句中充當主語,賓語,時間,地點,原因狀語.結構:先行詞+關系詞+定語從句.1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.(二)定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句:限定性定語從句:從句對先行詞進行必要的描述或說明,缺少它,則句義顯得不完整,從句與先行詞緊密相連.非限定性定語從句:對先行詞進行補充說明,解釋,它與先行詞之間有逗號隔開.1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.(三)關系詞前面可以根據定語從句的內容加上一些介詞,這些關系詞在介詞後面常用which 或whom.1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.知識重點與難點(一)當先行詞有最高級,序數詞修飾,是不定代詞,或是all, no, only等形式時,關系代詞一般用that,而不能用which.1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.(二)當先行詞是表示時間,地點,原因的詞時,關系詞用when, where, why 還有which, that1. I』m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn』t tell the truth to me.4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.(三)定語從句的簡化表達:1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question that is being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.說明:以上的定語從句部分可以用更加簡單的非謂語形式表達出來:1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.3. The question being discussed is very important.4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.說明:修飾一個名詞除了後面用定語從句以外,還可以用非謂語動詞形式:doing短語,done短語,being done短語,to be done短語修飾.其結構和意思如下:1. 被修飾名詞+doing短語: 正在做….的人/正在發生的事.2. 被修飾名詞+ done短語: 被…..的人/事3. 被修飾名詞+being done短語:正在被…..的人/事4. 被修飾名詞+ to be done短語:將要被…..的人/事(1)Do you know the man talking to my sister ?(2)The 「crazy」 gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means 「you have a phone call」 in Brazil.(3)Did you see that car being repaired ?(4)In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.(5)The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.(6)Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.(7)The Yellow River, said to be 「the mother river」 runs across China like a huge dragon.總結:以上做定語的那些短語就是英語語法中所說的分詞,不定式的各種形式作定語.1. 這些短語作定語應放在被修飾名詞的後面.如果單獨一個V-ing或V-ed形式作定語,則可以放在被修飾名詞前面.2. 分詞作定語時,其動作應與全句動作同時發生.V-ing表示主動意義和正在做,V-ed表示被動意義.being done表示正在被做的3. 不定式作定語表示將要發生的,to be done表示將要被做的【典型例題】[例1] Friendship is needed by all, _____ plays an important role in people』s lives.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. it分析:_____ plays an important role in people』s lives為非限定性定語從句修飾先行詞Friendship用which連接定語從句.答案:A[例2] Uncle Li _____ I worked three years ago has retired now.A. whoB. whom C. with whomD. to whom分析:_____ I worked three years ago作為定語從句修飾先行詞Uncle Li,從句完整的表達是:I worked with Uncle Li three years ago. 所以關系詞前應加上介詞with.答案:C[例3] Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work ?A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explainedD. why he explained分析:定語從句_____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work修飾先行詞the reason指「他在會上就他工作中的粗心解釋的原因.先行詞在從句中做賓語.答案:A[例4] Teachers, _____ work is rather hard, are being better paid than before.A. who B. that C. whichD. whose分析:非限定性定語從句_____ work is rather hard修飾先行詞teachers, 它與從句中的work是從屬關系,關系詞用whose答案:D[例5 ] The Olympic Games , _____ in 776 BC, didn』t included women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing分析:公元前776年被首次舉行的奧運會,直到1912年才容納女運動員._____in 776 BC做定語修飾The Olympic Games,指過去的內容,表示被動.用done做定語.答案:C[例6] The houses _____ for the teachers and the construction work will start soon.A. built B. to be built C. to buildD. being built分析:根據句意房子即將開工._____ for the teachers and the construction work修飾The houses應為The houses The houses將要為教師和施工修建的房子.答案:B[例7] How many of us_____, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?A. attendedB. attendingC. to attendD. have attended分析:根據句意:比如說,我們當中參加一個對我們毫不重要的會議的人會有多少人對這個討論感興趣呢?_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us修飾How many of us做定語.與全句動作同步.答案:B[例8] She has three children, _____ is working in Australia.A. whoB. one of whom C. one of them D. none of them分析:非限定性定語從句__ is working in Australia修飾先行詞three children,根據從句中的is判斷,是說:三個孩子中的一個在澳大利亞工作.答案:B【模擬試題】1. Susan is the very girl _____ the good deed.A. whom I think didB. whom I think she didC. who I think didD. I think who did2. Luckily, the poor boy had enough money _____ he could buy a train ticket.A. by whichB. on whichC. with whichD. for which3. The book _____ he devoted much time is to come out next month.A. whereB. whichC. to whichD. on which4. The day came finally _____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play.A. whenB. in that C. whichD. in which5. 1. Don』t you think the question _____ tomorrow is of great importance.A. being discussedB. discussedC. to be discussedD. to discuss6. The food _____ at the moment is for the dinner party.A. cookedB. to be cooked C. is being cookedD. being cooked7. Do you know the teacher _____ under the big tree ?A. readB. readsC. readingD. being read【試題答案】1. C Susan 正是我認為作了好事的那位女孩.先行詞the very girl在從句中做think的賓語,同時又是後面賓語從句did the good deed.的主語,所以關系詞不能用whom2. C 定語從句_____ he could buy a train ticket.修飾先行詞money:用這筆錢買火車票.關系詞前面需要加介詞:with3. C定語從句_____ he devoted much time意思是:他把大量的時間都投入在這本書上了.devote….to sth.關系詞前加介詞:to4. A 定語從句_____ I was given an opportunity to act in the play修飾先行詞the day :先行詞the day在從句中做時間狀語:在這一天我得到了扮演一個角色的機會.5. C 短語_____ tomorrow做定語修飾the question,根據表達的內容:明天即將被討論的問題.應當用不定式的被動結構做定語.6. D 短語_____ at the moment做the food的定語,表示:正在做的食物.Being done 做定語表示:正在被……的…….7. C 現在分詞短語reading under the big tree做定語修飾the teacher 表示:正在大樹下看書的那位老師.情態動詞1. 情態動詞的推測表達2. 情態動詞表達虛擬語氣3. 某些情態動詞的特殊用法知識重點與難點總結知識重點:情態動詞在表達推測意義的句子中的運用:(一)用情態動詞表達事實的推測.can,could,might,may,must可以用來表達對事實的推測.根據說話人對事實的把握性大小,must表示「肯定…」,may / might / can / could表示「可能……」, must只用於肯定句中,may / might的否定式may not / might not表示 「可能不……」, 而can / could可以用於疑問句,表示「可能,可能……嗎?」,其否定式can』t / couldn』t 表示「不可能」.用情態動詞可以對現在或過去的事實進行推測.對不同的時間內容推測有不同的結構.(二)對現在的事實進行推測:主要結構:…must / may / might +動詞原形be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語be + doing例句:1. You must be Jeanne. I』m Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well.2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.3. The teacher must be joking.4. Freda isn』t in class. She must be sick.5. There must be something wrong.6. She might be very clever, but she hasn』t got much common sense.7. He may be arriving this evening.8. He may be traveling around the world.9. The keys can』t be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.10. Can the news be true ?(三)對過去的事實進行推測:結構:情態動詞+have done / been+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語例句:1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.2. He couldn』t have seen Anna yesterday. She』s gone abroad.3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library.4. He might have overslept again.5. Where can Tom have gone ?情態動詞表達虛擬語氣:表達「本來…」,「不然早就…」.這是情態動詞的一種虛擬語氣用法.表示說話人所講的與所發生的事實相反.表達了說話人的埋怨,後悔的語氣.其結構是在一些情態動詞後面加 have done 結構.根據要表達的意思

6. 人教版高一英語必修一各個單元的語法知識點

一. 一般現在時
1. 表示主語現在所處的狀態及其所具備的特徵、性格、能力等
例如:I am a girl.
2. 表示習慣性、經常性的動作
例如:I usually go to bed at 9:00.
3. 標志性的詞語
Always often sometimes now and then
4. 若助於為第三人稱單數(he she it)則動詞要用單三現
二. 現在進行時
1. 說話時正在進行的動作
例如:I am reading.
2.表示即將發生的動作,多用於go come start leave return arrive stay fly等詞語之中,句子中常常有時間狀語
例如:The plane is going to Beijing.
3.當句子中出現了always 、forever 、constantly 、continually 、
All the time等
例如:I am always thinking of you.
三. 倍數比較
1.A+系動詞+倍數詞+as+ adj \adv的原型+as+B
例如:The class is twice as big as that one.
2.A+系動詞+倍數詞+adj\adv的比較級+than+B
例如:The class is twice bigger than that class.
3.A+系動詞+倍數詞+the size\amount(數量)\ength\width\height
\depth\+of+B
例如:The class is twice the size of that class.
四. With的復合結構
1. With+賓語+賓語補足語
賓語補足語根據邏輯意義的不同可以是不同的詞語,如形容詞、現在分詞、過去分詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式等,with在復合結構中常作狀語
2.常用結構
○1with+賓語+doing
表主動與進行
例如:Tom was quite safe with Lucy standing behind him.
○2with+賓語+done
表被動與完成
例如:With all things she need bought,she went home.
○3with+賓語+to do
表將來
例如:With so many thing to deal with.
五. 現在完成進行時
現在完成進行時
1.基本表達式(I have been doing )
I/ we/ you/ they have been doing sth.
he/ she/ it has been doing sth.
2.表示從過去某時開始一直持續到現在的動作,並且還將持續下去。
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中國有2000年的造紙歷史。(動作還將繼續下去)
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自從三年前以來我一直在學英語。(動作還將繼續下去)
3.表示在說話時刻之前到現在正在進行的動作。
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我們已經等你半個鍾頭了(人還沒到,如同在電話里說的,還會繼續等)
4.有些現在完成進行時的句子等同的句子。
例如:They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他們在這個城市已經住了10年了。
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在這里已經工作五年了。
5.大多數現在完成進行時的句子不等同於現在完成時的句子。
例如:I have been writing a book.(動作還將繼續下去)
我一直在寫一本書。
I have written a book.(動作已經完成)
我已經寫了一本書。
They have been building a bridge.
他們一直在造一座橋。
They have built a bridge.
他們造了一座橋。
6.表示狀態的動詞不能用於現在完成進行時。
例如:I have known him for years.
我認識他已經好幾年了。
I have been knowing...
這類不能用於現在完成進行時的動詞還有:love愛,like喜歡, hate討厭,等。
注意:比較過去時與現在完成時
1.過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。
2.過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語
共同的時間狀語:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
現在完成時的時間狀語
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不確定的時間狀語
3.現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
例如: I saw this film yesterday.
(強調看的動作發生過了。)
I have seen this film.
(強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?
(強調起床的動作已發生過了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
(強調有卷子,可能為不公平競爭。)
She has returned from Paris.
她已從巴黎回來了。
She returned yesterday.
她是昨天回來了。
He has been in the League for three years.
(在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years.
(是團員的狀態可持續)
He joined the League three years ago.
( 三年前入團,joined為短暫行為。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
六.過去完成時
1. 概念:表示過去的過去
其構成是had +過去分詞構成。
那時以前 那時 現在
2. 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3.過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
例如:He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
七.現在完成進行時
1.其構成形式如下:
I / we / they have been + 動詞的現在分詞
He / she / it has been + 動詞的現在分詞 功用如下:
2. 表示一個在過去開始而在最近剛剛結束的行動,如:
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
3.表示一個從過去開始但仍在進行的行動,如:
It has been raining for two hours. (現在還在下)
Jack hasn』t been feeling very well recently.
4. 表示一個從過去開始延續到現在,可以包括現在在內的一個階段內,重復發生的行動,如:
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
5. 現在完成時強調動作行為的結果、影響,而現在完成進行時只強調動作行為本身,如:
Tom』s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
注意:
現在完成時有否定結構、而現在完成進行時沒有否定結構。 現在完成時態可表示做完的時期以及已有的經驗、但現在完成進行時不可以 現在完成進行時的否定結構 現在完成進行時有時也可用否定結構。
如: Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven』t been sleeping at all well. 自從上周發生了那次不幸事故之後,我一直睡得很不好.
He hasn』t been working for me and I haven』t has that much contact with him. 他並沒有給我工作過,我和他沒有過那許多接觸。
6.否定句構成:
主語+has/have+not+been+現在分詞
7.一般疑問句構成:
Have/has+主語+been+現在分詞+其他

7. 高一英語語法

11. 動詞的時態

11.1 一般現在時的用法

1) 經常性或習慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:

I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。

2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學事實。例如:

The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位於中國東部。

3) 表示格言或警句。例如:

Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。

注意:此用法如果出現在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現在時。

例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。

4) 現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性。例如:

I don't want so much. 我不要那麼多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。

比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。

第一句用一般現在時,用於操作演示或指導說明的示範性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進行時的標志,表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況,所以後句用一般現在時。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.2 一般過去時的用法

1)在確定的過去時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:

Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了?

2)表示在過去一段時間內,經常性或習慣性的動作。例如:

When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

那時,布朗一家無論什麼時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。

3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。

It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。

would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧願某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。

4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等,而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去,現已不復存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。

比較:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義:她已不在人間。)

Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義:她現在還活著)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:現在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)

注意: 用過去時表示現在,表示委婉語氣。

1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:

Did you want anything else? 您還要些什麼嗎?

I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。

2)情態動詞 could, would。例如:

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車,能借用一些嗎?

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.3 used to / be used to

used to + do:"過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態,但如今已不存在。例如:

Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那麼健忘。

Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。

be used to + doing: 對……已感到習慣,或"習慣於",to是介詞,後需加名詞或動名詞。例如:

He is used to a vegetarian diet.

Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現在已習慣於散步了。

典型例題

---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.

---- It's 69568442.

A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't

答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發生在過去,因此應用過去時。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.4 一般將來時

1) shall用於第一人稱,常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用於各人稱,在徵求意見時常用於第二人稱。例如:

Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點回家好嗎?

2) be going to +不定式,表示將來。

a. 主語的意圖,即將做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什麼呢?

b. 計劃,安排要發生的事。例如:The play is going to be proced next month。這出戲下月開播。

c. 有跡象要發生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏雲,快要下雨了。

3) be +不定式表將來,按計劃或正式安排將發生的事。例如:

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報告。

4) be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如:

He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。

注意:be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.5 be going to / will 用於條件句時,be going to表將來,will表意願。例如:

If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.6 be to和be going to

be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如:

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.7 一般現在時表將來

1)下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什麼時候開?十分鍾後。

2)以here, there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進行。例如:

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。

3)在時間或條件句中。例如:

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來後,讓他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那裡,就寫信給你。

4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如:

I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前,務必把窗戶關了。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.8 用現在進行時表示將來

下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如:

I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.9 現在完成時

現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態,其結果的影響現在還存在;也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成:have (has) +過去分詞。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.10 比較一般過去時與現在完成時

1)一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。

2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。

一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆為具體的時間狀語。

現在完成時的時間狀語:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不確定的時間狀語。

共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3)現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:

I saw this film yesterday. (強調看的動作發生過了)

I have seen this film. (強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了)

Why did you get up so early? (強調起床的動作已發生過了)

Who hasn't handed in his paper? (強調有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭)

He has been in the League for three years. (在團內的狀態可延續)

He has been a League member for three years. (是團員的狀態可持續)

句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。

(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.11 用於現在完成時的句型

1)It is the first / second time.... that…結構中的從句部分,用現在完成時。例如:

It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。

This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。

注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2)This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構,that 從句要用現在完成時。例如:

This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。

典型例題

(1) ---Do you know our town at all?

---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

答案B. This is the first time 後面所加從句應為現在完成時,故選B。

(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?

---No, it's the first time I ___ here.

A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come

答案D. ever意為曾經或無論何時,反意詞為never,此兩詞常用於完成時。

注意:非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。

(錯)I have received his letter for a month.

(對)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.12 比較since和for

Since 用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續時間長度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在這兒二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。
注意:並非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現在完成時。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現在已不在這里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(現在我仍在這里工作。)
注意:用句型轉換的方法,很容易排除非延續動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。
1)(對) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(錯) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
顯然,第二句不對,它應改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.13 since的四種用法

1) since +過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鍾點、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:

I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在這兒。

2) since +一段時間+ ago。例如:

I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒,已經有五個月了。

3) since +從句。例如:

Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走後,變化可大了。

Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走後,變化可大了。

4) It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如:

It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.14 延續動詞與瞬間動詞

1) 用於完成時的區別

延續動詞表示經驗、經歷; 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如:

He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作。 (表結果)

I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)

2) 用於till / until從句的差異

延續動詞用於肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動詞用於否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:

He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 點才回來。

He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。

典型例題

1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.

A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet

答案B. 首先本題後句強調對現在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several times告知為反復發生的動作,因此用現在完成時。

2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.

---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.

A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be

答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始,持續到現在,應用現在完成時。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.15 過去完成時

1) 概念:表示過去的過去

----|----------|--------|----> 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。

那時以前 那時 現在

2) 用法

a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞後的賓語從句。例如:

She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。

b. 狀語從句

在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時。例如:

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時,小偷們早就跑了。

c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。

3) 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:

He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

湯姆失望了,因為他到達晚會時,大部分客人已經走了。

典型例題

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前,因此"忘了書"這一動作發生在過去的過去,用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點,表示在"同學們正忙於……"這一背景下,when所引導的動作發生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。

注意: had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如:

I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。

had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如:

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉眼又賣了。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.16 用一般過去時代替過去完成時

1) 兩個動作如按順序發生,又不強調先後,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一般過去時。例如:

When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起來。

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。

2 ) 兩個動作相繼發生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。例如:

When I heard the news, I was very excited.

3) 敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。例如:

Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.17 將來完成時

1) 構成will have done

2) 概念

a. 狀態完成:表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。例如:

They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時他們結婚將有二十年了。

b. 動作完成:表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前,已經完成的動作或獲得的經驗。例如:

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時,你已經到達上海了。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.18 現在進行時

現在進行時的基本用法:

a. 表示現在(指說話人說話時)正在發生的事情。例如:

We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。

b. 習慣進行:表示長期的或重復性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行。例如:

Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。(說話時並未在寫,只處於寫作的狀態。)

c. 表示漸變,這樣的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:

The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。

It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。

d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復發生的動作或持續存在的狀態,往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如:

You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。

典型例題

My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.

A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.

答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續的狀態,應用進行時,由於沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應用完成時,瞬間動詞用於否定式時可用於完成時。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.19 不用進行時的動詞

1)表示事實狀態的動詞,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有兩兄弟。

This house belongs to my sister. 這房子是我姐的。

2)表示心理狀態的動詞,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的幫助。

He loves her very much. 他愛她很深。

3)瞬間動詞,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:

I accept your advice. 我接受你的勸告。

4)系動詞,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:

You seem a little tired. 你看上去有點累。

返回動詞的時態目錄

11.20 過去進行時

1)概念:表示過去某時正在進行的狀態或動作。

2)過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發生的背景;一個長動作延續的時候,另一個短動作發生。

3) 常用的時間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟騎車時摔了下來,受了傷。

It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時,正下著雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到達山頂時,陽光燦爛。

典型例題

1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.

A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes

答案C. 割傷手指是已發生的事情,應用過去時。同時,when表時間的同時性,"瑪麗在做衣服時"提供事情發生的背景,因此用過去進行時。

2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.

A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell

答案B.句中的as = when, while,意為"當……之時"。描述一件事發生的背景時,用過去進行;一個長動作發生的時候,另一個短動作發生。句意為 "在她看報紙時,奶奶睡著了。"句中的 fell(fall的過去時),是系動詞,後跟形容詞,如:fall sick。
參考資料:http://..com/question/13015035.html

8. 高一英語語法如何學習

一、要有正確的學習態度
1.要勤學苦練。學英語沒有捷徑可走,要真正掌握英語,達到運用自如的程度,非下苦功夫不可。下苦功夫就是要進行大量的聽、說、讀、寫訓練,使各項技能達到純熟的地步。語言知識應該了解,但不下苦功在聽、說、讀、寫上練習,僅靠死記硬背一些孤立的單詞、一些語法條條,是很難掌握英語這一交際工具的。應該是Learning
English而不是Learning
about
English。就像學游泳、跳芭蕾舞一樣,對其理論掌握再好,不通過反復訓練是永遠也學不會的。
2.要持之以恆。學習英語既然是練功夫的過程,就並不是那麼輕松。要不怕困難,堅持學習。學如逆水行舟,不進則退,最忌「三天打魚,兩天曬網」。要日積月累,付出長期的努力。人貴有志,學貴有恆。
二、要掌握正確的學習方法
1.要過語音關。語音是學習英語的第一關。不掌握正確的發音,就不敢大聲朗讀和對話,句子不能上口,後續的訓練就難以進行。要仔細聽老師的發音和錄音帶,大膽實踐,反復模仿,對比糾正。不要怕出錯。對中國學生來說要達到發音完全正確並非一日之功,要有信心,有耐心就一定能夠成功。
2.注意英語和漢語的區別。英語和漢語是兩種不同的語言系統。如英語語音中的短母音、輔音連綴,以摩擦音、破擦音收尾音節等在漢語中都沒有。英語有形態變化,如名詞復數變化、動詞時態變化等,而漢語基本上沒有。英語語法和句子結構同漢語也存在著一些差異。中學生的漢語習慣已相當牢固,對英語學習有一定的干擾作用。從一開始就要養成良好的習慣,不要用漢字注音,不要用漢語句子套用英語句型。一旦通過大量的閱讀,養成用英語思維的習慣,並產生英語語感,就會逐步減少犯「中國式英語」的錯誤的機會。
3.掌握規律,事半功倍。雖然學習英語沒有捷徑可走,但掌握英語語言的規律,能起到事半功倍的作用。如記憶單詞,要將單詞的讀音和拼寫之間的關系聯系起來,即掌握拼讀規則,按前綴、後綴同詞根或詞乾的復合關系,按反義、同義和同音關系,以及按單詞在句子或語言環境中的關系來記單詞就很容易記住,也有興趣。學習語法也是一樣,掌握詞形的變化、句型的變化是學習語法的關鍵。規則很多,各種規則也有例外,要靈活記憶,不能死記規則,以偏概全。

9. 高一英語知識點及語法

(一)直接引述別人的原話,叫做直接引語;用自己話轉述別人的話,叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構成賓語從句。直接引語必須放在引號內,間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時,除將引語部分變成賓語從句外,還必須對直接引語中的人稱、時態、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等進行改變。

1. 時態的變化:直接引語變為間接引語時,通常受轉述動詞said, asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態,即把原來的時態向過去推,也就是一般現在時變為一般過去時,現在進行時變為過去進行時,等等。例如:
Tom said to me,「My brother is doing his homework.」
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.

2. 人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等等的變化: 根據意義進行相應的變化,例如:
She asked Jack,「Where have you been?」
→She asked Jack where he had been.

He said,「These books are mine.」
→He said that those books were his.

(二)直接引語改為間接引語時,都使用陳述語序,但是因為原句的句式不同,所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同。直接引語如果是一般疑問句,用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句,則用疑問詞引導間接引語。轉述的動詞一般用asked,可以在其後加上一個間接賓語me, him, her, us等。如:
She said,「Is your father at home?」
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.

「What do you do every Sunday?」My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.

直接引語如果是祈使句,改為間接引語時,要將祈使句的動詞原形變為帶to的不定式,並在不定式的前面根據原句的語氣(即請求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等動詞,如果祈使句為否定式,則在不定式前加not。其句型為:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如:
She said to us,「Please sit down.」
→She asked us to sit down.

He said to him,「Go away!」
→He ordered him to go away.

He said, 「Don』t make so much noise, boys.」
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.

二. 各種時態的被動語態
被動語態概述
被動語態的概念:它是動詞的一種形式,表示主語與謂語之間的執行或被執行關系。主動語態表示主語是謂語動作的執行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被動語態表示主語是謂語動作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river.

被動語態的構成
被動語態的形式是由「助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞」構成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數、時態等的不同而變化。幾種常見時態的被動語態形式如下:
1. 一般現在時 am/is/are + 過去分詞
例如:Rice is planted in the south of China.

2. 一般過去時 was/were + 過去分詞
例如:These trees were planted the year before last.

3. 一般將來時 will/shall + be + 過去分詞
例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.

4. 現在進行時 am/is/are + being + 過去分詞
例如:Your radio is being repaired now.

5. 過去進行時 was/were + being + 過去分詞
When he got there, the problem was being discussed.

6. 現在完成時 have/has + been + 過去分詞
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn』t.

7. 過去完成時 had + been + 過去分詞
注意:
1.除了be之外的其它系動詞如get, stay等也可以和過去分詞構成被動語態。例如:Their questions haven』t got answered.

2. 含有情態動詞的謂語變成被動語態使用「情態動詞+ be + 過去分詞」結構。例如:
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can』t be done until Mr. Black comes.

3. 含有「be going to」, 「be to」等結構的謂語,其被動語態分別用「be going to + be + 過去分詞」和「be to + be + 過去分詞」。例如:
The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.

4. 被動語態與系表結構的區別:「連系動詞+用作表語的過去分詞」構成的系表結構,與被動語態的形式完全一樣,所以應注意它們的區別。被動語態中的過去分詞是動詞,多強調動作;系表結構中的過去分詞相當於形容詞,多強調狀態。前者通常可用by 引出動作的執行者,而後者則不可以。例如:
The map was changed by someone.(被動結構)
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結構)
系表結構中的過去分詞通常可被very修飾,被動語態中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。
例如:
He was very excited.(系表結構)
He was much excited by her words.(被動結構)

5. 主動形式表被動意義。有些動詞的主動形式有被動意味,如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此時句子的主語一般是物。例如:
These books sell well. 這些書很暢銷。
The door won』t shut. 這門關不上。
The clothes wash well. 這些衣服很好洗。

10. 高中必修一英語語法總結

組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。英語句子成分有主語,謂語,表語,賓語,賓語補足語,定語,狀語等。

順序一般是主語,謂語,賓語,賓語補足語,而表語,定語,狀語的位置要根據情況而定。

1、主語
主語表示句子主要說明的人或事物,一般由名詞,代詞,數詞,不定式等充當。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜歡看電視。
2、謂語
謂語說明主語的動作,狀態或特徵。
1),簡單謂語
由動詞(或短語動詞)構成。
可以有不同的時態,語態和語氣。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我們為人民學習。
2),復合謂語:情態動詞+不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以說一點英語。
3、表語
表語是謂語的一部分,它位於系動詞如be之後,說明主語身份,特徵,屬性或狀態。一般由名詞,代詞,形容詞,副詞,不定式,介詞短語等充當。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是護士。
4、賓語
賓語表示動作行為的對象,跟在及物動詞之後,能作賓語的有名詞,代詞,數詞,動詞不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我們喜歡英語。
有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語,往往一個指人,一個指物,指人的叫間接賓語,指物的叫直接賓語。
Hegavemesom'eink.他給了我一點墨水。
有些及物動詞的賓語後面還需要有一個補足語,意思才完整,賓語和它的補足語構成復合賓語。如:
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我們選他當班長。
5、定語
在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。
用作定語的主要是形容詞,代詞,數詞,名詞,副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等。形容詞,代詞,數詞,名詞等作定語時,通常放在被修飾的詞前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是個新生。
但副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等作定語時,則放在被修飾的詞之後。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房間里的自行車是我的。
6、狀語
修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞以及全句的句子成分,叫做狀語。用作狀語的通常是副詞,介詞短語,不定式和從句等。狀語一般放在被修飾的詞之後或放在句尾。副詞作狀語時可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。
HelivesinLon'don.他住在倫敦。
7.補語用來說明賓語或主語所處的狀態或正在進行的動作,因為英語中有些動詞加賓語後意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(請)等等。如果我們說:我們使我們的祖國。這不是一句完整的話。應該說:我們使我們的祖國更美麗。這是的「美麗的(beautiful)」為形容詞做補語,說明祖國的狀態。英語句子為:We will make our country more beautiful.作補語的詞或片語為:形容詞,副詞,名詞,不定式,ing形式,數詞等。
句子的類型:
1.主語+謂語
2.主語+謂語+狀語
3.主語+謂語+賓語
4.主語+系動詞+表語
5.主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語
6.主語+謂語+直接賓語+間接賓語
7.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語
A

a (large) number of 許多

a bit 一點兒

a block of 一塊

a bottle of 一瓶

a few 許多

a good/great deal of 大量(的);非常多(的)

a great/good many 很多的, 非常多的

a group of 一群,一組

a little 許多

a lot of/lots of 許多

a pair of 一雙,一對

a piece of 一片(張,塊)

a pile of 一堆

a place of interest 名勝

a set of 一套

a sort of 一種

a type of 一種類型的

a waste of 白費; 浪費

above all 首先;首要

according to 根據...

act as 充當;作;起......的作用

add up to 加起來是

add... to 把.....加到......上

admit doing sth 承認做過某事

advise doing sth 建議做某事

advise sb. against doing sth 建議(勸)某人不要做某事

advise sb not to do sth 建議(勸)某人不要做某事

advise sb to do sth 建議某人做某事

afford to do 有經濟條件做某事

after a (short) while 不久以後

after all 畢竟;終究

after graation 畢業以後

again and again 反復地;再三地

agree on 商定;決定;達成共識

agree to do sth 同意做某事

agree to sth 同意(計劃或建議)

agree with sb/what sb does 同意某人的意見

all along 一直,始終

all day and all night 整日整夜

all kinds of 各種各樣的

all night 整夜

all of a sudden 突然,冷不防

all one's life 終生,一輩子

all over 到處,遍及…,渾身,結束

all over the country 遍及全國

all right 好吧,行吧,病好了

all round 周圍,遍及四周

all sorts of 各種各樣的

all the best 萬事如意

all the same 一樣,照樣,完全一樣

all the year round 一年到頭

all through 自始至終

allow into 允許進入

allow doing 允許做某事

allow sb to do 允許某人做某事

and so on 等等

answer for 對......負責

apply for 申請...

arrive at /in 到達某地

as a matter of fact 事實上;其實

as a result(of) 結果

as if/though 好象;好似

as many/much as 多達......

as soon as 一……就……

as usual 象往常一樣,照例

as well 也;有

as......as 像;如同

as/so far as 一直到… (程度)

ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事

ask…for 詢問;向......要

at (the) most 至多

at (the)least 至少

at a high price 以高價......

at a time 每次;一次

at all 全然,究竟,到底

at breakfast 早餐時;正吃早飯

at first hand 第一手地,直接地

at first 起先;開端

at hand 在手邊,在近處

at home and abroad 國內外

at home 在家裡

at night 在夜晚,在夜裡

at noon 在中午

at once 立刻,馬上

at one time 以前;曾經

at present 現在;目前

at sea 在海上

at someone』s hands 出自某人之手,因為某人

at the age of 在......歲時

at the beginning of 在......的開始

at the end of 最後;盡頭

at the foot of 在….的腳下

at the latest 最遲;至遲

at the mercy of 在......支配下

at the same time 同時

at the school gate / at the gate of the school 在學校門口

at the time of 在......的時候

at the top of one's voice 高聲地喊叫

at work 再工作,在運轉,在起作用

B

be able to do sth (有能力)做某事

be about to 即將

be afraid of 害怕

be against 反對

be angry at sth 對某事生氣

be angry with sb 憤怒,生某人的

be anxious about /for 為......擔心,焦急

be away from 遠離......

be bad at 在......弱,差

be busy doing sth 忙於做……

be busy with sth 忙於......

be careful (of) 當心,小心

be covered with/by 為......所覆蓋

be different from 與......不同

be famous as 作為......著名

be famous for 因......而著名

be far away from 遠離…

be filled with 用......裝滿

be fit for 適合

be fond of 愛好;喜愛

be for 支持

be free to do sth 隨意做某事

be friendly to sb 對…友好的

year by year 逐年的(表變化)

be good at 在......擅長,善於…

be in love with 與......相愛

be in the habit of doing 有做…的習慣

be late for 遲到

be made from /of 由...... 製成

be made in 由……(產地)製造

be made up of 由...構成;由...組成

be of great help 對…很有幫助

be on fire 在......著火

be on holiday 在假期中

be on show 展覽

be poor in 在......差

be popular with sb 深受......歡迎

be prepared for 為……做好准備

be proud of 為......而自豪

be ready (for) 為……做好准備

be rich in 在......充足;富含.....

be satisfied/content with 對……感到滿意

be seated 坐下;坐著

be strict with(in) 對某人(物)要求嚴格

be sure about/of 確信;有把握

be terrified at 被……嚇一跳

be tired of sth/doing sth 厭倦做某事

be tired with/from 因......感到厭倦

be torn open 被撕開

be unfit for 不合適,不稱職,不勝任

be used to do ...... 被用來作某事

be used to sth/doing sth 習慣做某事

be weak in/at在......弱

be worth doing 值得做......

be wrong with 出毛病,不對頭

beat…to death 把.....打死

because of 因為;由於

before long 不久

beg one's pardon 企求

begin…with 從......開始

believe in 信任,信仰

belong to 屬於

beyond help 不可挽救的

beyond hope 沒有希望的

blow away 颳走;吹走

break away from 脫離......

break down 分解,機器等壞了;身體跨了

break in 插話;強行進入

break into 闖入

break off 打斷;折段

break out 爆發,突然發生

break the law 違法,犯法

break the habit of doing 改掉…的習慣

break the rule 違反規定

break up 分解,腐蝕,驅散

break with 與......斷絕關系

bring down 使到下;降低

bring in 引來,引進;吸收

bring on 使前進

bring out 說明,闡明

bring up 教育;培養;提出

burn down 把......燒成平地;燒光

burn...to the ground 把......燒成平地

by accident 偶然

by air 乘飛機

by and by 不久,不久以後

by day 日間;白天里

by far 很,極

by hand 手工地

by means of 通過這種方式

by mistake 由疏忽所致

by sea 乘船

by spaceship 乘宇宙飛船

by the end of 在結束之前

by the side of 在......附近

by the way 順便說

by this means 通過這種方式

by turns 輪流,交替

C

call at some place 訪問某地

call back 回電話

call for 去取(某物); 去接(某人);要求,需求

call in 召集

call on sb to do sth 號召某人做某事

call on(upon) sb 拜訪某人

call out 著急,大聲叫

call sb up 給某人打電話

can』t help doing 情不自禁的做…

care for 喜歡;想要

carry away 沖掉;沖走

carry off 奪走

carry on 進行

carry out 實行,執行,貫徹

carry through 進行到底,完成

catch/take a cold 著涼,感冒

catch fire 著火

catch hold of 抓住,抓牢

catch sight of 望見

catch up with sb 趕上(某人)

change for 換成

change one's mind 改變主意

change...into 把......變成

clear away 把......清除掉

clear up 整理;收拾

collect money for 為......募捐

come about 發生

come across 碰到

come along 快點,來吧

come back 回來

come back to life 蘇醒,復活

come down 下來,下降

come from 來自

come in 進來

come into being 形成,產生

come off 從......離開;脫落

come on 快些,加油

come out 出版;開放

come to 共計;達到

come true 成為現實

come up 走進,上前來

compare with 把......和......進行比較

compare to 與......相比

connect to 把...... 接到......

connect with 與......相連

consider doing sth 考路做某事

consider sb as/to be 認為......;把某人看做…

cut off 切斷

cut through 剪斷

cut up 切碎

D

date back to 追溯到

date from 起始於;追溯到

day after day 日復一日地

day and night=night and day 日日夜夜

deal with 對付;處理

decide to do sth 決定做某事

depend on 依賴;靠 ......決定

devote to 把......獻於;把......用於

die from 死於(外因).....

die of 死於(內因).....

die out 滅絕

divide into 分成

do a good deed 對某人做了一件好事

do fine 趕得好

do good 有好處

do harm 有害處

do one』s homework 做家庭作業

do one's best 盡力

do sb a favour / do a favour for sb 幫某人一個忙

do sb good / do good to sb 對某人有好處

do some cleaning/cooking/washing/shopping 打掃衛生/做飯/洗衣服/買東西

do up 收拾,打扮;包裝

do well in 在......做的好

do with 處理

do wrong 做壞事;犯罪

dozens of 幾十

dream of 嚮往;渴望;夢想

dress up 打扮

drive off 趕走

drive sb mad 使某人發瘋

drop in on sb 順便拜訪某人

drop in at some place 順便拜訪某地

E

each other 彼此,互相

earn one's living 謀生

eat up 吃光

either...or… 或者…或者

end in 以......結束,最後

end up 告終

end with 以......結束

enjoy oneself 過得愉快

even though/if 盡管;即使

ever since 自那時起一直到現在

every few years 每隔幾年

every other year 每隔一年

every two years 每兩年

F

face to face 面對面

fail in doing sth 做某事失敗

fail to do sth 沒做成某事

fall asleep 入睡

fall behind 落後於

fall ill 生病

far away 遙遠的

far from 遠離…

feed on 以…為主食

feel free to do sth 覺得自己可以隨意做某事

feel like doing sth 想要或喜歡做某事

feel one』s way 摸索著前進

fight about/over 因為…爭吵

fight against … 與…作斗爭

fight back 抵抗, 反擊

fight for … 為… 而斗爭

fight off 擊退,竭力擺脫

fight on 繼續戰斗

fight out 通過爭斗解決爭論,平息不和

fill … with… 用…把…裝滿

fill in 填充;填寫

find out 查明;發現;了解

fire at 朝… 開槍

first of all 首先

fix a date for 確定…的日期

fix one』s eyes upon sth/sb 盯著…看

fix up 安排,安頓

for ever 永遠

for example 例如

for fear of/for 由於擔心…,因為怕…

for free 免費

for fun 為了消遣

for joy 高興地

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