『壹』 人教版初中英語九年級語法知識點
UNIT 1：介詞by的常見用法
V-ING形式
UNIT 2：used to的用法
UNIT 3：含有情態動詞的被動句式
UNIT 4：虛擬語氣
UNIT 5：情態動詞表推測
UNIT 6：關系代詞的用法
UNIT 7：would like的用法
UNIT 8：短語動詞
UNIT 9：被動語態
UNIT 10：過去完成時
UNIT 11：賓語從句
UNIT 12：be supposed to的用法
UNIT 13：make的用法
UNIT 14：現在完成時
UNIT 15：時態復習
『貳』 九年級人教版英語第5單元、第八單元知識點整理（要全面一點的）
Unit 8一、短語
1. clean up 清掃
2.give out 分發，發放
3.cheer up=make…happier 使...高興，使...振作
4.after school study program 課外學習班
5.come up with=think up 提出，想出
6.put off(doing sth) 推遲(做某事)
7.write down 寫下，記下
8.put up 張貼
9.hand out 分發，發放 = give out
10.call sb up 給某人打電話 = ring sb up = give sb a call/ring = call/ telephone sb = make a telephone call with sb
11.ser up=establish 建立
12.be home to sb 是某人的家園
13.volunteer one』s time to do sth 自願花時間干...
14.put…to use… 把...投入使用 15.elementary school 小學
16.plan to do sth 計劃干...打算干= plan on doing sth
17.coach a football team for kids 訓練少年足球隊
18.start a Chinese History club 開辦一個中國史俱樂部
19.run out of 用完，耗盡
20.take after 在性格或長相方面與父母相象
21.fix up 修理
22.give away 捐贈
23.be similar to 與...相似
24.ask for 索要
ask sb for sth 向某人要某物
25.a call-in center for parents 家長熱線
26.hang out 閑盪
27.put up signs asking for singing jobs 張貼尋求唱歌工作的廣告
28.run out of money for singing lessons 學唱歌的錢用完了
29.disabled people 殘疾人
30.for sure 確實如此，毫無疑問
31.fill…with... 用...填充...
be filled with = be full of 被裝滿了...
32.help...out 幫助...做事，解決難題（擺脫困境）
33.a specially trained dog 一隻經過特殊訓練的狗
34.train sb to do sth 訓練某人干... 35.fetch my book 去把我的書拿來
36.part of speech 詞性
二、重點知識
1．You could give out food at a food bank. (P60)你可以在食品供應站分發食品。
give out在這里是「分發」，「散發」的意思。
Our English teacher gave out the examination papers when the bell rang.
我們的英語老師在鈴響的時候分發試卷。
◎另外一個意思為「用完」，「消耗盡」。
After a week their food supplies gave out. 一周之後，他們的食物供應用完了。
◎還有一個意思為「發出」，「送出」。
The sun gives out a lot of heat. 太陽能發出熱量。
2．He looks sad. Let』s cheer him up.(P61)他看上去很傷心。我們去幫他振作起來吧。
cheer up sb或cheer sb up意為「（使某人）高興起來，振作起來」。如果是代詞做賓語，則將代詞放在中間。
Cheer up! The news isn』t too bad. 不要發愁啦，這消息不錯嘛！
He took her to the ballet to cheer her up.
他為了使她高興起來，便帶她去看芭蕾舞。
3．This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week, so it is a major commitment. (P62)這份義工每周花了他們每個人好幾個小時的時間，所以這是一個重大的貢獻。
(1)each of them是指「他們中的每一個」。如果做主語，則謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。
知識拓展
each與every的用法
◎each指一個整體中的每一個，強調個體；every著重於全體的總和，強調整體。試比較：
Each has a different book. （強調各有不同。）
Here every child at the age of six can go to school. （側重整體，無一例外。）
◎each可作形容詞及代詞，而every只能作形容詞，但可與-one，-body，-thing等構成復合代詞。
◎each用在代詞或復數名詞前要用介詞of連接，如each of them, each of the boys; every不能直接跟of連接，如不可以說every of them，而要說every one of them或each of them。
◎every還可以表示「每隔」，後接基數詞加名詞，如every four weeks, every three months等，此種結構中的every不能用each代替。
She had a rest every fives minutes. 她每隔5分鍾就休息一會兒。
魔力糾錯
①街道兩旁有許多商店。
誤：There are many shops on every side of the street.
正：There are many shops on each side of the street.
魔力解析
each可以用來指兩個或兩個以上的人或物，但是every卻總是指三個或三個以上的人或物，不能指兩者。
4.Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. (P62)我不僅對幫助別人感到很滿足，而且我還漸漸地花時間做自己喜愛做的事情。
(1)not only ... but also (also可省略)是「不但……而且……」的意思，當置於句首時，not only後面從句的主謂要倒裝，但but （also）後面的主謂不用倒裝。
Not only has he been to Canada, but (also) he knows some Canadians.
他不僅去過加拿大，而且還認識許多加拿大人。
Not only did he teach at school, but (also) he wrote novels.
他不僅在學校里教書，而且還寫小說。
Not only…but (also)… 接兩主語時，謂語動詞隨後面的主語人稱和數的變化 也就是就近原則 如：
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓。
常見的就近原則的結構有：
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (兩者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜歡他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (兩者中的一個)
hand in「面交」，「上交」。
The students are handing their papers in.學生們在交試卷。
10. The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. (P64)他想到的那些辦法獲得了成功。
(1)這是一個由that引導的定語從句，先行詞是前面的strategies。動詞短語worked out在這里作主語the strategies的謂語，意為「產生結果，發展為，結果是……」，後面不可接賓語，主語也不用「人」來充當。
I wonder how their ideas worked out in practice.
我很想知道他們的想法在實踐中取得了什麼結果。
We didn』t plan it like that but it worked out very well.
我們原不是那樣計劃的，但結果卻很好。
知識拓展
work out的其它用法
It was the best solution that he was able to work out at this time.
這是他這時能想出的最好的解決辦法了。（想出）
I can』t work out the meaning of this poem. 我理解不了這首詩的意思。（理解）
Have you worked out this math problem? 你已經算出這道數學問題了嗎？(算出)
短語鏈語
◎work on意為「從事」。
Professor Green is working on a new book. 格林教授正在寫一本新書。
He is working on a maths problem. 他正在算一道數學難題。
◎work on後面無賓語時，表示繼續工作。
It』s very late, but they were still working on.
時間很晚了，但他們仍然在繼續工作。
(2)fine在這里是副詞，可與well替換，意思是「好，順利」。
The machine works fine. 這台機器運行很好。
Sam is doing fine in his new business.
薩姆在他的新業務中一切進展順利。
11.Who has filled my life with pleasure. (P66)……使我生活充滿快樂的人。
(1)本句中的fill...with...表示一個動作，意為「用……裝滿……」，其主語通常是人。
He filled the bag with books. 他在書包里裝滿了書。
Please fill the bottle with milk. 請將瓶子裝滿牛奶。
知識拓展
be filled with表示一個狀態，意為「裝滿了……」，相當於be full of，其主語通常是人或物。
The room was filled with smoke. 房間里濃煙彌漫。
Her eyes were filled with tears. 她眼睛裡充滿了淚水。
(2)pleasure意為「高興，快樂」，是不可數名詞；表示「樂趣，高興的事」時是可數名詞。
Reading gives me great pleasure. 讀書給了我很多快樂。
It is one of my greatest pleasures. 它是我最大樂趣之一。
◎在口語中It』s pleasure. 是回答感謝的客套語。
—Thank you for your help. 感謝你的幫助。
—It』s a pleasure. 不用謝。
特別提示
◎pleased是形容詞，意為「自己感到高興的，欣喜的，滿意的」，指以任何方式表現出來或未表現出來的滿足與快樂，在句中常用作表語，其主語為人。
The two friends were very pleased to see each other again.
這兩個朋友非常高興再次見面。
I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me.
使我高興的是經理已經不再生我的氣了。
◎pleasant也是形容詞，表示「使人感到愉快／滿意」，一般用作定語，如主語是物，也可以用作表語。
It』s pleasant weather today. 今天的天氣令人愉快。
It』s very pleasant to sit down after standing for hours.
站了幾小時後坐下來很舒服。
◎please是動詞，表示「（使）高興，滿意，愉快」。
Does the cloth please you? 這布料合你的意嗎？
12. Because I can』t use my arms or legs well, normal things like answering the telephone, opening and shutting doors, or carrying things have always been difficult for me. (P66)因為我不能靈活地使用我的手和腳，像接電話、開關門、拿東西這樣的事情對於我來說都很難。
(1)本句中的shut意為「關」，在許多情況下可以與close互換，只是後者語氣較弱，如close the door關門（也可能指半開半閉），shut the door關門（指把門關緊）。
That shop shuts at eight pm. 那家商店八點鍾關門。
He closed his speech with a funny joke. 他用一個有趣的笑話結束了演說。
◎當表示「關閉公路，鐵路或交通工具」或作「結束」講時，只用close。
They have closed the road for thick fog. 由於大霧，那條公路被關閉。
特別提示
turn off用來表示「關閉」有開關的東西，如收音機、電視、煤氣、水龍頭等。
Please turn off the light when you leave the lab.
在你離開實驗室前關掉燈。
Make sure the gas is turned off before you go to bed.
確保上床前把煤氣關掉。
(2)本句中的carry意為「搬運，攜帶」，不表示帶到什麼地方，而攜帶的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。
She carried a baby in her arms. 她懷里抱了一個孩子。
He was carrying a wooden box on his shoulder.他扛著一個木箱。
特別提示
在後面「Lucky! Fetch my book.」一句中出現的fetch相當於go and bring back，意為「取來，接來」，表示一往一返。
Let』s fetch some water. 咱們去打點水來。
People had to walk many kilometers in order to fetch wood.
為了取木料，人們不得不走許多公里路。
『叄』 求人教版新目標九年級英語上冊Unit1和Unit2的知識點，要詳細些。謝謝
Unit1片語 P2 1、你怎樣復習？我通過小組合作的方式來學習 How do you study for a test I study by working with a group. 2、製作抽認卡 make flashcards 3、列出單詞表 make vocabulary lists 4、向…請教 ask (the teacher)for help P3 1、看英語錄像 watch English-language videos 2、出聲讀來練習發音 read aloud to practice pronunciation 3、通過那種方式學了許多 learn a lot that way 4、提高我的口語表達能力 improve my speaking skills 5、我認為這很有用 I think it helps 6、（懂得發音）…太難了。 It's too hard to… (understand the voices). P4 1、作…的方式 the way to do… =the way of doing … 2、學習英語的最好方法是用英語。 The best way to learn English is to use English. 4、例如 （與所列舉的事物之間用「，」隔開) for example (與所列舉的事物之間不用隔開） such as 5、發現看電影令人失望 find watching movies frustrating 6、根本不，全然不 not …at all 7、結束，告終 end up (+doing …) 8、對…感到興奮 get /be excited about … 10、學習語法 study grammar 11、記英語筆記 keep an English notebook 12、讀英語雜志 read English magazines P5 1、發多 數單詞的音 pronounce some of the words 2、懂英語口語 understand spoken English 3、在…方面兒犯錯誤 make mistakes in… 錯誤地 by mistake 把…誤認為… mistake …for … 4、我不知道怎樣用逗號 I don't know how to use commas. 5、正確發音 get the pronunciation right 6、做很多寫作練習 get much writing practice 8、練習口語 practice speaking English 9、有一個練習英語的搭檔 have a partner to practice English with P6 1、學會作… learn to do… 2、首先，第一 first of all／ to begin with （常用來列舉，表原因）3、以後，隨後 later on 5、害怕去做… be afraid to do … 擔心去做… be afraid of doing… 6、發言 speak in class 7、嘲笑… laugh at … 8、寫完整的句子 make complete sentences 9、…的秘訣之一 one of the secrets of … 秘密地 in secret 10、記筆記 take notes 11、喜歡，樂意作… enjoy +doing … 玩的開心 enjoy oneself =have fun=have a good/great time 12、在作…方面有困難 have trouble +doing … 13、我老師很受感動。 My teacher is very impressed. P7 2、查閱，查看（詞或資料) look up 2編造,組成(對話) make up …(conversations) 4、作為第二語言 as a second language 5、全世界 around the world=all over the world P8 1、處理… deal with … 2、如果不，除非 （用來引導條件狀語從句－－主將從現） if …not …=unless 4、擔心…，為…焦慮 worry about =be worried about 5、影響我們在校的表現 affect how we do at school 6、生某人的氣 be angry with …＋人 為某事而生氣 be angry about …＋物／事情 為某人的言行而生氣 be angry at …＋某人所說的話 (what he said) 7、保持某人／某物成為… ／處於…狀態／一直在…地 ／一直作… keep/stay +sb/sth +名詞／形容詞／介賓短語／ doing … 8、時間流逝，好的友誼可能會消失。 Time goes by ,and good friendships may be lost. 9、一起玩 play together 10、（see/hear/watch/…等）感官動詞+sb/sth+do… 強調動作的全過程 （see/hear/wstch/…等）感官動詞+sb/sth+doing… 強調動作的一個片斷。11、決定（不）作… decide +(not)+to do… (類似的詞有ask /tell/want等) 讓某人（不）作… let sb +(not)+do… 12、彼此說話。 talk to each other 13、持續長久 last for long 14、這對於我們來說是一個重要的教訓。 This is an important lesson for us . 15、解決問題 solve a problem 16、把…看作… regard…as … 17、抱怨… complain about/of … 18、有太多工作要作 have too much work to do 19、把…變成… change …into…=turn …into … 21、盡某人最大努力（作…） try/do one's best (+to do…) P9 1、把…比作… compare …to … 把…和…作比較 compare …with… 2、面對挑戰 face the challenges 3、代替… instead of… /instead 用於句後 5、以積極的方式 in the positive way 6、看心理學家 see a psychologist
『肆』 要人教版初三英語的知識點總結 有15個單元 本人沒拿筆記本 幫幫忙
Unit1：by 的用法 by+v-ing
Unit2：used to be 是重點 意思是 「過去常常」
Unit3：被動語態 sb should be allowed to do sth 「某人應該被允許做某事
Unit4：虛擬語氣 If i were …，i would …
Unit5：sth belong to sb 某物屬於某人
Unit6：定語從句
Unit7：知識點多 忘了 ⊙﹏⊙
Unit8：put off+v-ing , work as, sw+adj
Unit9：被動語態 本單元重點單詞：invent，be invented ，inventor
Unit10：過去完成時 標志性詞語：by the time,realize
Unit11：賓語從句，注意從句的語序 和先行詞
Unit12：be supposed to 句型
Unit13:make sb do sth ,make sb adj
Unit14：現在完成時：have done結構
Unit15：各個單元都有一些 單詞表裡單詞的句型
ps:每個單元的標題很重要
過去常常做某事 used to do sth 習慣做某事 be used to doing sth 激光唱機 a CD player 輸入 put into 全神貫注於……中 put one』s heart into 想出、提供 come up with 拾起某物 pick up sth 向某人借某物 borrow sth from sb 把某物借給某人 lend sb sth/lend sth to sb 帶給某人知識 give sb knowledge 在校園內的室外 outside in the schoolyard 忘記要做某事 forget to do sth 忘記曾經做過的事 forget doing sth 第二天 the next day 上一周 last week 幾天以後 several days later 遲早 sooner or later 更糟糕的是 what be worse 為……而付款 pay for… 所借的書 borrowed books 在國外 be abroad 整理床鋪 make the bed 把某物歸還給某人 return sth to sb 從某人處得到某物get sth from sb 順手拿走、偷走 walk away with 鼓勵某人做某事 encourage ab to do sth Unit 2 水上運動 water sports 一天三次 three times a day 嘗試 have a try / want a go 遍及全世界 all over the world 許許多多、大量 a large number of 一年到頭，終年 all the year round 不管 no matter 放棄做某事 give up doing sth 放棄工作 give up one』s job 以沖浪為生 live to surf 看起來令人興奮 look exciting 因……而著名 be famous for 在A和B之間 between A and B 例如 for example 從那時起 ever since 打零工 a part-time assistant 休息一晚 have a night off 使某人舒暢（開心）make sb fit 樂趣無窮 such great fun 動身去某地 leave for sw. 一等獎 first prize 沖浪競賽 a surfing competition 奧林匹克運動會 Olympic Games 出差,因公 on business 時光飛逝，光陰似箭，日月如梭 (How) time flies! 迄今為止 so far 到某處旅遊 travel to sw. 試著做某事 trying doing sth 盡力做某事 try to do sth 一個十二歲的男孩 a 12-year-old boy / a boy of 12 實現 come true 走進、踏入 step into 減速 slow down 又過了兩個小時 another two hours 高度贊揚 speak highly of 因……感到自豪 be proud of doing sth / be proud to do sth 是…..的驕傲 be the pride of sb Unit 3 造紙廠 a paper factory 找出、查明 find out 傾倒, 倒入 pour… into 污水、廢水 waste water 害怕某事（物） be afraid of sth 害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth 傳到某人耳中 come to one』s ears 將某物投入 throw sth in 將某物投入某處 throw sth into sw. 幫助做某事 help (to) do sth 保持城市整潔 keep the city clean 保護環境 protect the environment 綠化中國 Greener China 亂丟某物 litter / throw sth about 以……為根據 base on /be based on 在公共場所吐痰 spit in a public place 為干某事而做出(巨大)貢獻 make a (great) contribution to doing sth 砍伐 cut down 收垃圾的車 a truck collecting rubbish Unit 4 盡快 as soon/quickly as possible; as soon /quickly as one can 現在 right now 乘飛機旅行 travel by plane/ air 匆匆行程 a rushed trip 火車旅途 a train ride 打的前往 take a taxi to 卧鋪車箱 a sleeping car 四處走走 walk around 感到疲憊 feel tired 打牌 play cards 一直不斷干某事 keep doing sth 不斷老是做某事 keep on doing sth 為某人提供某物 offer sb sth 練習干某事 practise doing sth 很快睡熟了 fall fast asleep 持久 last long 持續一段時間 last for some time 旅行 go on a trip/ have a trip / be on a trip 拍照 take photos / pictures 趕快 hurry up 在某人一生中 in one』s life 留言 leave a message 沖洗, 顯影 come out Unit 5 過來、加油 come on 開家庭會議 have a family meeting 談論 talk about 去度假 go for a holiday / go on holiday 決定干某事 decide to do sth 潛水 scuba diving 在網際網路上 on the Internet 上網查尋 search the Internet 雙擊左鍵 double left click 網際網路圖標 the Internet icon 鍵入網址 type in the Website 按回車鍵 press the enter button 花市 a flower market 馴鹿公園 a deer park 單程 one-way trip 往返雙程 round trip 珊瑚礁 coral reefs 快速列車 a fast train 向前走 walk along 照直走 go straight along 請稍等 just / wait a minute Unit 6 報警 call the police 出事故 have an accident 去沖浪 go surfing 騎馬 ride a horse 拜訪某人 visit sb 允許某人做某事 allow sb to do sth 使它成為可能 make it possible 水下呼吸器 the scuba machine 對……感興趣 be interested in 攝像 make videos 製作電視節目 make a TV show 對……感到驚訝 be amazed /surprised at 保護環境 save /protect the environment 保持某物清潔 keep sth clean 清理、打掃 clean up 鼓勵某人干某事 encourage sb to do sth 參加……活動 take part in sth /doing sth 長達…… as long as… 在世界上 on earth / in the world 以……為生、為主食 feed on… 在沙灘上 on the beaches 警告某人做某事 warn sb to do sth 去看望、拜訪某人go to visit sb 走出 get out of 就這么定了。 That』s a deal. Unit 7 能 be able to 持續做…… keep doing sth 讓某人持續做某事 keep sb doing sth 操作、從事、致力於…… work on sth 改變世界 change the world 試驗新的想法（創新）try out new ideas 在校上學 be in school 與……無/有關 have nothing / something to do with… 對……感興趣 be interested in 在12歲時 at the age of 12 鐵軌 railway tracks 沖過去 rush out 把孩子抱到安全地帶carry the boy to safety 如此……以致…… so… that… 對……評價高，看重 think a lot of 考慮、關心 think of 開發 open up 關小 turn dow ...
『伍』 求初三英語知識點集合 （人教版）
初三系列復習資料(18)短文填空考點集匯,講解和訓練
十八,短文填空及其解題方法
【考點掃描】
短文填空是近兩年才創設的一種新題型.這種題型通常有四種形式:
1,給出一篇難易適中的短文,中間去掉幾個單詞,讓考生根據上下文填上所缺的單詞.
2,給出一篇難易適中的短文,中間去掉幾個單詞,但給出這些單詞的第一個字母,讓考生根據短文的上下文的意思和所給的提示字母,填上所缺的單詞.
3,給出一篇難易適中的短文,中間去掉幾個單詞,同時在一個方框內給出一些單詞,讓考生根據短文的內容,把這些單詞填入空白處,使文章正確,通順.
4,給出一篇難易適中的短文,中間去掉幾個單詞或短語,同時給出這些單詞或短語的漢語意思,讓考生根據短文的上下文和所給漢語的提示,填上適當的單詞或短語.陝西省的短文填空題採用的基本上是第四種形式.
這種題型考查的是考生的整體閱讀能力,基礎語法的運用能力和書面表述能力,特別是單詞和短語的拼寫能力.它是介於閱讀理解和書面表達之間的一種題型.
陝西省中考英語題中的短文填空題又有什麽具體特點呢
1,從文體上看,議論文和敘事文為主.
2002年陝西省的短文填空題所給的短文是一篇論說文,論說的主題是:只有母親的愛是真正的愛.2003年的中考說明樣題所給的短文是一篇敘事文.講述的是聖誕節的情況.2003年的中考題中的短文填空題也是一篇敘事文.講述的是主題是網際網路的歷史.2004年是一篇論說文.
2,從填空的內容上看,以片語和短語為主.
2002年短文填空題共有10個空,其中6個空填的是片語和短語.2003年中考說明中短文填空題共有10個空,其中7個空填的是片語和短語.2003年中考題中的短文填空題共有10個空,其中5個空填的是片語和短語.2004年的短文填空題10個空中有6個是片語和短語.也就是說短文填空題要填的片語和短語總體上保持在5-7個.
3,從考查的范圍上看,以英語的一些特殊用法為主.
2002年的短文填空題考到了enough作副詞,放在被修飾詞之後的用法,考到了"with+名詞"構成的介詞短語的用法.2003年中考說明中的短文填空題又一次出現了"with+名詞"構成的介詞短語用法.2003年中考題的短文填空題考查了something wrong這樣的形容詞後置的特殊用法.2004年的短文填空題考查了twice a day 這樣的特殊表示方式.
4,從所留的空白上看,以給出漢語提示為主.
2003年中考說明的短文填空題共留出10個空白,其中8處給出了漢語提示,2處沒有任何提示.2003年中考的短文填空題同樣是10個空白,全部給出了漢語提示.2004年10個空白全部給了漢語提示.
【名師解難】
做好短文填空題要求考生具備堅實的語法基礎,理解文章大意和主旨的能力,牢固掌握英語的習慣用法和固定搭配,熟記英語單詞的拼寫.做短文填空可以從以下幾個方面著手:
1,從語法方面考慮
短文填空題所涉及的語法內容通常包括:名詞的單復數,形容詞和副詞的比較等級,主謂一致,動詞的時態和語態,介詞和連詞的選用等.例如2003年中考的短文填空題的第一個空:"Most of us 1 (忙於)talking about and using the Internet every day…." 在這里,用英語表示"忙於"不僅要用busy, busy之前還要加be, 而be還要和主語most of us保持一致,變成are.再如2004年中考題中的第7個空,but soon you'll 7 _____(習慣於) doing it. "習慣於"必須用be / get used to, 因為這個短語用在一般將來時中,在助動詞之後.
2,從習慣用法和固定搭配方面考慮
如上所說,陝西省的短文填空以片語和短語為主,而片語和短語必然會涉及到很多習慣用法和固定搭配.例如2003年中考說明短文填空的第8個空:" 8 (在聖誕夜)children are very happy." 用英語表示"在聖誕夜"必須用On Christmas Eve.因為在"某一天的晚上"習慣上用介詞on.2004年考題中的第5個空就是一個固定搭配---at least.
3,從上下文的結構方面考慮
有的空白必須根據上下文的結構才能判斷應該填什麽樣的單詞或短語.例如2003年考試說明短文填空的第9個空:They put their stocking at the end of their beds 9 their parents can put presents in them.從上下文文我們可以看出,他們把他們的長筒襪放在床頭上是為了讓他們的父母親能夠把禮物放在裡面.以此判斷,後面的句子應是一個目的狀語從句.因此,應填so that.再看2004年的10個空Eat a lot of fruits and vegetables and drink water 10_______ (代替) drinks. 這個句子中已經有了謂語動詞eat 和drink, 代替就不能再用動詞,而需用一個介詞instead of.
【中考範例】
(2004年陝西省中考試題)
V. 短文填空(共10空,每空1分,計10分)
根據上下文和括弧里的漢語提示,在下面的空白處寫出正確的單詞和短語,使短文意思完整.
When you laugh, you will 1 ______(張開) your mouth and your teeth. The healthier those teeth are, the happier you look. Why is that
It's 2 _______(因為) your teeth are important in many ways. If you take care of them, they'll help to take care of you. Strong, healthy teeth help you eat the right food to help you grow. They also help you speak clearly.
You can take care of your teeth by doing like these:
Brush your teeth 3_______ (一日兩次) after breakfast and before bedtime. If you can, brush 4 _______(午飯後) or after eating sweet cakes.
Brush all of your teeth, not just the front ones. Spend some time on the teeth along the sides and in the back.
Take your time while brushing. Spend 5_______ (至少) 3 minutes each time you brush.
Be sure your toothbrush is soft(柔軟的). Ask your parent to help you get a new toothbrush 6 ________(每三個月).
Learn how to floss(用牙線清理) your teeth, which is a very important way to keep them healthy. It feels strange when you do it at first, but soon you'll 7 _____(習慣於) doing it. The floss gets rid of food that's hidden between your teeth.
Brushing and flossing 8 ______(保持) your teeth healthy. You also need to care about what you eat and drink. Eat 9 ______(許多) fruits and vegetables and drink water 10_______ (代替) drinks.
1. open 張開嘴的"張開"應用open.
2. because 要回答前面why提出的問題,應用because.
3. twice a day 這是英語常見的一種表示方法.
4. after lunch after之後常常跟一個時間點,lunch可看作一個時間點.
5. at last 這是一個固定的短語
6. every three months every之後如果有大於一的數詞來修飾名詞,這個名詞用復數形式.又如:every three days, every four years.
7. be/ get used to 這也是一個習慣用語,後接名詞或定名詞.
8. keep "keep somebody/ something +形容詞"是一個常見句型.
9. lots of / a lot of / many 這幾個限定詞都可用來修飾可數名詞的復數.
10. instead of 這是一個短語介詞,後接名詞活動名詞.
【滿分演練】
(1)
Everyone needs friends. We all like to feel close to someone. It is nice to have a friend to talk, laugh, and do things with. Surely, there are times when we need to be alone. We don't always want people1________(周圍). But we would feel lonely if we never had a friend.
No two people are just the same. Sometimes friends don't 2_________(相處得好). That doesn't mean that they no longer like 3_________(互相). Most of the time they will make up and 4__________(繼續)being friends.
Sometimes friends move away. Then we feel very sad. We 5_______(想念) them very much. But we call them and write to them. It could be that we would even see them again. And we can 6__________(結交新朋友). It is surprising to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them.
Families sometimes name their children after a close friend. 7_________(許多地方)are named after men and women who have been friendly to people in a town. Some libraries are named this way. So are some schools. We 8_______(想起)these people when we go to these places.
There's more good news for people who have friends. They live 9________(長一些)than people who don't. Why It could be that they are happier. Being happy helps you stay well. Or it could be just knowing that someone cares. If someone cares about you, you take better care of 10________(你自己).
(2)
Most great inventors often met with much trouble in their work. Before they could succeed, they had to overcome 1_________(數以千計的)difficulties which were put in their way. The following is one of such examples.
George Stephenson (1781~~1848), a 2__________ (著名的)British inventor made the first train in 1825, using a stream engine. When he was experimenting with the engine 3________ (在火車上), he met with troubles from the government, the newspapers and the gentlemen in the country. They said that the 4________ (噪音)and the smoke would kill cows, horses and sheep, that the engine would burst or that the hot coals from it would set fire to their houses. People believe 5___________ (他們說的話).
George Stephenson told the people that the train could go on small rails, could pull carriages 6________ (裝滿) goods and passengers and that there was no great danger to them. It was a very difficult matter for him to make them believe. 7________ (然而), after some time, he was able to do it, and the first train, that was driven by George Stephenson himself proved what he had said. On the train there was a new steam engine. It was invented by him, and was proved a complete 8_______ (成功).
The first day when the train ran on the rails, people along the way heard the noise of the train in the distance, and saw it running quickly to them. They thought it was a genie. They ran quickly back home for fear and closed their doors tightly. They did not dare to 9________ (出來)until it had passed. 10________ (一周以後)an old woman still said that her hen had been so frightened that it hadn't laid any eggs for three days.
【練習答案】
(3)
Most of American businesses are open five days a week. American school children attend school five days a week as well.
American families usually have a 1 ______(兩天)weekend. The weekend is Saturday and Sunday. Over the weekend people spend their time 2 _______ (以許多不同的方式) . Many families enjoy weekends 3 ______(一起) . They may go shopping, go for a drive or visit friends. They may also invite friends over and 4 ______ (聚會) at home. Many American families participate(參加)in sports ring the weekend. 5 _______ (跑步), biking, playing volleyball and swimming 6 _____ (流行)in summer. Skiing and skating are the 7 _____ (最喜愛的) winter sports.
Weekends are also a time for American families to work on something in their yards or in 8 ______(他們的) houses. Many families plant flowers and have vegetable gardens. Some families use the weekends 9 _______(粉刷)or repair their houses. 10 ______(對大部分美國人來說), weekends are very busy.
(4)
Perhaps more than any other people, Americans have come to depend on their cars. The family car 1 _________(一直是) a common thing 2 _______(從……以來) the early twentieth century, and it has changed American life. Many people have moved 3 _______(外面) of the large cities to the suburbs. Some Americans spend 4 ________(每天兩小時) or more in their cars 5 _______ (去上班) and home again. Cars have become the 6 _______ (工具) of transportation for most Americans going shopping, and even going on vacations.
Americans 7 ______(過去常常) like big cars, and gasoline used to be very inexpensive. Recently, 8 _______(然而), the cost of gasoline has increased, smaller cars have become 9 _______(更常見). Also foreign cars have become very common. Americans have bought 10 _______(大量的)Japanese and German cars. They have bought cars from several other countries as well.
【練習答案】
(1)1. around 2. get along well 3. each other 4. go on 5. miss 6. make new friends 7. Many places 8. think of 9. longer 10. yourself
(2)1. thousands of 2. famous 3. on the train 4. noise 5. what they said 6. full of 7. However 8. success 9. come out 10. A week later
(3)1. two-day 2. in many different ways 3. together 4. have a party 5. Running 6. are popular 7. favourite 8. their 9. to paint 10. For most Americans
(4)1. has been 2. since 3. outside 4. two hours a day 5. going to work 6. means 7. used to 8. however 9. more common 10. large numbers of
『陸』 九年級英語第三單元知識點 人教版
Unit 3
1.allow+名詞/doing
allow sb to do sth→sb be allowed to do
2.get sth done
3.choose to do sth
4.stop doing
stop to do
5.either 用於否定句
too 用於肯定句
6.get to+地點→reach+地點→arrive in+地點
get to+地點→reach+地點→arrive at+地點
A: 沒有地點只能用arrive
B: 地點是副詞用get there/reach there/arrive there
7.pass the exam
fail the exam
8.the other day 前幾天
9.concentrate more on 更加關注…
10.be good for… 對…有益/害
be bad for…
11.keep…+形容詞
keep…doing
12.both…and…
13.have an opportunity to do…
14.finish doing
15.look good on sb
16.at least
17.be asleep
be sleepy
18.have a day off…
19.agree with…
20.get in the way of…
21.worry about…=be worried about…
22.nothing but+動詞原形
23.happen sth happen to sb
happen sth happen in sp
※What happened…？
What has happened…?
只有時態變化
24.be serious about doing…
25.the only thing(that)…
26.a few/few +可數名詞
a little/little +不可數名詞
※a little+形容詞(比較級)
a little+單數可數名詞「一個小的」
27.care about…
28.only then+倒裝句
29.have a chance to do sth.
have a chance of doing sth.
30.before, after+doing sth…
『柒』 九年級英語全一冊知識點
下面內容來自網路文庫，不知道版本是否對應，僅供參考。
【人教版九年級英語(全一冊)知識點匯總】https://mr..com/8cxtjjy?f=cp&u=aa49931249f3c99d
『捌』 人教版初三上學期英語書時態知識點
Ⅰ. 初中英語八種時態歸納復習
時態是英語學習中一個至關重要的內容，廣大初中學生在實際運用時，往往對時態總是倍感棘手，下面我們就歸納復習一下這幾種時態。
一、一般現在時：
概念：經常、反復發生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。
時間狀語：
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本結構：①be動詞；②行為動詞
否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此時態的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數，則用doesn't，同時還原行為動詞。
一般疑問句：①把be動詞放於句首；②用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。
二、一般過去時：
概念：過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態；過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。
時間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本結構：①be動詞；②行為動詞
否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞。
一般疑問句：①was或were放於句首；②用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。
三、現在進行時：
概念：表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
時間狀語：now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本結構：am/is/are+doing
否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑問句：把be動詞放於句首。
四、過去進行時：
概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發生或進行的行為或動作。
時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
基本結構：was/were+doing
否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
一般疑問句：把was或were放於句首。
五、現在完成時：
概念：過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經開始，持續到現在的動作或狀態。
時間狀語：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本結構：have/has + done
否定形式：have/has + not +done.
一般疑問句：have或has。
六、過去完成時：
概念：以過去某個時間為標准，在此以前發生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即「過去的過去」。
時間狀語：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本結構：had + done.
否定形式：had + not + done.
一般疑問句：had放於句首。
七、一般將來時：
概念：表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態及打算、計劃或准備做某事。
時間狀語：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本結構：①am/is/are/going to + do；②will/shall + do.
否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行為動詞前加didn't，同時還原行為動詞。
一般疑問句：①be放於句首；②will/shall提到句首。
八、過去將來時：
概念：立足於過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用於賓語從句中。
時間狀語：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本結構：①was/were/going to + do；②would/should + do.
否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑問句：①was或were放於句首；②would/should 提到句首。
Ⅱ. 幾種常見時態的相互轉換
英語中的幾種時態在一定情況下可以互相轉換，以下是幾種常見的轉換形式：
一、一般過去時與現在完成時的轉換
在現在完成時中，延續性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，瞬間動詞卻不能。但是，可用別的表達方式：①瞬間動詞用於「一段時間 + ago」的一般過去時的句型中；②瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應的延續性動詞及短語，與一段時間連用；③瞬間動詞用於「It is + 一段時間 + since + 一般過去時」的句型中，表示「自從……以來有……時間」的意思，主句一般用it is來代替It has been;④瞬間動詞用於「Some time has passed since + 一般過去時」的句型中。請看：
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、一般現在時與現在進行時的轉換
在一般現在時中，at加上名詞表示「處於某種狀態」，如at work（在工作）, at school（上學、上課）等。此短語可與進行時態轉換。請看：
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、現在進行時與一般將來時的轉換
在現在進行時態中go, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發生的動作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意為「我就來，媽媽！」請看：
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、「be going to+動詞原形」與「will(shall)+動詞原形」結構的轉換
「be going to+動詞原形」、表示打算、計劃要做的事；將來時「will(shall)+動詞原形」結構在書面語中，當主語為第一人稱時，常用助動詞shall。在口語中，所有人稱都可以用will。請看：
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
Ⅲ. 中考動詞時態考點分析
一、 根據時間狀語確定時態的原則
1. Hurry up! The play for ten minutes. (2002遼寧)
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
[析] 1. C。since後接時間的起點，for後接時間段，主句動詞用現在完成時，應注意瞬間動詞與延續性動詞的使用。
二、 在復合句根據時態呼應確定時態的原則
2. Do you know if back next week? If he back, please let me know. (2002黑龍江 )
A. he comes; will come B. will he come; comes
C. he will come; comes D. will he come; will come
[析] 2. C。if既可引導賓語從句，也可引導狀語從句。充當賓語從句的連接詞時，相當於whether，詞義是「是否」。充當狀語從句的連接詞時，詞義是「如果」。從時態看，if引導賓語從句時謂語動詞的時態應根據主句的時態作相應的變化；引導表示將來動作或狀態的條件句時，若主句用一般將來時，則從句通常用一般現在時表示將來。
三、 根據上下文已有時態信息點確定時態的原則
3. –When this kind of computer ?
--Last year. (2002天津)
A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used
[析] 3. B。此例由下句的時間狀語推斷出一般過去時態，並且要考慮到被動語態。
四、 利用上下文語意確定時態的原則
4. –Hi! Lin Tao. I didn』t see you at the party.
--Oh, I ready for the maths exam. (2002江西)
A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got
[析] 4. B。此例由didn』t, at the party推斷出應用過去進行時。
五、 時態中的「特殊」對策的原則
5. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day. (2002遼寧)
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
[析] 5. A。 有些動詞其動詞的時態是「違背常理」的。如賓語從句表示的是一個客觀事實或客觀真理時，其時態不受主句限制而用一般現在時表示。
1. 行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無法說出動作的執行者時。
Football is played all over the world.
2. 不易找到或根本就找不到動作的執行者時。
My bike was stolen.
3. 漢語含有「據說」、「有人說」等時。
It is said that another bridge has been built over the Changjiang River.
4. 漢語中含有「被」、「由」等詞時。
Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao.
5. 漢語中沒有「被」、「由」等詞，而在原句中試加這類詞且句意通順時。
These songs are usually sung by boys.
6. 某些句子習慣上用被動語態。
He was born in October, 1988.
7. 表示禮貌時。
You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8:00p.m. tomorrow.
（Note: 用於被動語態中的動詞是及物動詞，不及物動詞不能用被動語態。）
『玖』 九年級英語知識點
I like music that Ican dance to.
【教學目標】1.會表達自己的喜好(Learn to expresspreferences)
2.習使用定語從句(Practice using theAttributive Clause)
3.練習使用本單元的目標英語(Practice using thetarget language.
【單元內容概述】一.單詞。1.名詞類:
lyric(歌詞;抒情詞句);fisherman;entertainment;feature;wife;
photograph;photography;photographer;
exhibition;gallery(美術館;畫廊);show;display;
class(等級;類別);official;energy;Italian;Indian;weight;
figure(統計)數字;potato;chip;chocolate;sugar;coke;
2.動詞類:prefer;display;interest;suggest;
suit;expect;release;double;spoil(寵愛;溺愛)
3.形容詞類:gentle;known;honest;Italian;Indian;overweight;fresh
4.副詞類:roughly(粗略地;大體上)
二.片語和短語(Key Phrases)
Yellow River黃河remind …of…提醒;使……記起
on display/show展覽;陳列catch up趕上;跟上
sing along with和著……一起唱dance to伴著……跳舞
different kinds of不同種類的be sure to一定
[pic00000.bmp]她最珍愛的照片
[pic00001.bmp]在一個星期一的上午
prefer…to…喜歡……勝過……become overweight變得過重
10 percent百分之十release a healthsurvey發布一項健康調查
in different ways以不同的方式;在不同的方面
三.目標語言(Target Language)
1.—What kind ofmusic do you like?
【重、難點講解】一.重點詞彙
1.prefer v.(1)prefer=like sth.better,單獨使用時.其用法與like相同。例如:
I perfer walkingalone.我比較喜歡一個人溜達.(prefer doing)
She prefers to bealone.她寧願獨自一個人.(prefer to do)
I prefer my coffeeblack.我愛喝不加奶的咖啡.(prefer sth.)
prefer sb.to do sth.
Their father prefersthem to be homeearly.他們的父親希望他們早回家.
prefer sth.prefer doingprefer to doprefer sb.to do sth.
(2)prefer…to…(=choose sth.ratherthan sth else;
like sth.betterthan…)是一個固定短語,意為「寧願選擇……而不願選擇;跟……比起來更喜歡…….
例如:He prefers tea tocoffee.他喜歡茶勝過咖啡.(prefer sth.to sth.)
I prefer walking tocycling.我願意步行,不願意騎自行車.(prefer doingsth.to doing sth.)
(3)prefer to…ratherthan…寧願做……而不願做……
eg.I prefer to stay athome rather than goto the movie.
我寧願呆在家裡,也不願意去看那個電影.
eg.I prefer to stay athome rather than goto the movie.
The heroine preferredto die rahther thansurrender.女英雄寧死不屈.
2.interest v.引起……的關注;使……感興趣
interest v.(=cause one to givehis/her attentionto sth.)
提示:(1)interest還可以用作名詞,指「興趣;好奇心;關心」。
eg.Now,he's grown up
他已經長大了,對集郵不再感興趣了,完全失去興趣了。
(2)interestedadj.「(對某人或某事物)感興趣的;關心的」
interestingadj.「有趣的;引起興趣的」
I tried to tell himabout it,but he justwasn't interested.我想把這件事告訴他,可他簡直不感興趣。
[pic00013.bmp]
那位老人很有趣,並且對任何事情感興趣。
3.expect. 預計;預料;期待;盼望
expect. v.(thinkor believe thatsth.will happen orthat sb/sth willcome)
expect的常用搭配為:(1)expect sth(from sb.)
eg.This is the parcelwhich we have beenexpecting(from New York).
這是我們一直在期待底(從紐約來的)郵包。
I was expecting apresent from her,soI was disappointed Ididn't receive one.
我原來一直盼望著收到她送的禮物,所以因得不到而失望。
(2)expected to do sth.
eg.You can't expect tolearn a foreignlanguage in a week.
不要指望一個星期就能學會一門外語。
(3)expect sb.to dosth.
eg.We expected him toarrive yesterday.我們原以為他昨天能到。
I expect you to behere on time.我要求你准時到這兒。
You'll be expectedto work on Saturdays.你們星期六要上班。
(4)expect+that-clause
eg.I expect (that) Iwill be back onSunday.我預計星期日回來。
You would expectedthat there would bestrong disagreementabout this.
你可以料到此事會有嚴重分歧。
注意: expect還有「料想;認為;猜想」等含義,相當於think,suppose.
eg.「Who has eaten allthe cakes?」「Tom,Iexpect.(I expectthat it was Tom).」
「誰把蛋糕都吃光了?」「我想是湯姆[大概是湯姆]吧。
「Will you need help?」「I don't expect so.」「你需要幫忙嗎?」「我想不必了」
「Will he be late?」「 I expect so.」「他會遲到嗎?」 「我想會的。」
4.remind sb. of sth.(=cause sb.toremember sth)提醒;使……記起
He reminds me of hisbrother.我見到他便回想起了他的哥哥.
This song reminds meof France.我一聽到這首歌就想起了法國.
5.catch up趕上;跟上
catch sb.up或catchup with sb.趕上某人;達到與某人相同的境界.
catch sb.up或catchup with sb.=reach sbwho is ahead;reachthe same stage as sb.
eg.Go on in front.I'llsoon catch you up/catch up (with you).
你先走,我很快就會趕上你.
eg.Go on in front.I'llsoon catch you up/catch up (with you).
After missing a termthrough illness hehad to work hard tocatch up (withothers).
他因病一學期未上課,得努力趕上(其他同學).
After missing a termthrough illness hehad to work hard tocatch up (withothers).
6.It does have a fewgood features,though.但是,它的確有幾個好特點.
(1) 該句中,does是用來強調,表示 「真的;的確」.
除了does外,我們還可以根據時態和人稱的需要,用do和did來表示強調.又如:
He does study hard.(比He studies hard.要強烈.)
We did come hereyesterday.(比We came hereyesterday.要強烈)
They do give me alot of help.(比They give me alot of help.要強烈)
6.It does have a fewgood features,though.
(2)在口語中,though可以用作副詞,相當於however,放用在句末:
eg.I expect you areright—I'll ask him,though.我認為你說得對—我去問問他們也好.
She promised tophone.I heardnothing,though.他答應要打點話來.可我沒聽到回信兒.
二.重點語法 (一)疑問詞+不定式動詞」結構英語有個很有用的結構,就是:
疑問詞+不定式動詞(question word+to-infinitive)。
疑問詞是疑問代詞「who,whom,what,which,whose」和疑問副詞「when,where,how,why」。
此外,此外,連接詞「whether」也適用。
例句:I don't know what totry next.I'm not sure what toexpect.
「疑問詞+不定式動詞」結構有何功用呢?其主要功用有下列五種:
1.當主語,如:
When to hold themeeting has not yetbeen decided.Where to live is aproblem.
2.當賓語,如:
We must know what tosay at a meeting.
He could not tellwhom to trust.
Do you know how toplay bridge?
3.當補足語,如:
The problem is whereto find thefinancial aid.The question is whoto elect.
4.當名詞同位語,如:
Tom had no ideawhich book to readfirst.
Do you have a roughimpression how to doit?
5.當賓語補足語,如:
Jim is not surewhose to choose.
Mary and John arenot certain whetherto get married ornot.
適用於「疑問詞+不定式動詞」的動詞包括:
「know,see,decide,tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,forget,guess,hear,
imagine,inquire,learn,remember,think,wonder,understand」等。
值得特別注意的是:當這結構當賓語時,它的作用等於名詞從句,例如:
I could not decidewhich dictonary tobuy.
=I could notdecide whichdictionary I shouldbuy.
Jack did not knowwhere to find such agood teacher.
=Jack did not knowwhere he could findsuch a good teacher.
有些動詞,如「ask,show,tell,advise,inform,teach」等,
可以先有個賓語,然後才接著加上適當的「疑問詞+不定式動詞」 結構。例如:
The chief engineershowed them how torepair the machine.
Have you told himwhere to get theapplication form?
綜上所述,可見「疑問詞+不定式動詞」結構是個形象清新,
既容易用又不容易出錯的特別結構,可以多多運用。
(二)語從句(Attributive Clauses)
定語從句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定語,修飾一個名詞或代詞,被修飾的名詞,片語或代詞叫先行詞。
定語從句通常出現在先行詞之後,由關系詞(關系代詞或關系副詞)引出。關系代詞有:
who,whom,whose,that,which等。關系副詞有:when,where,why等。
例如:I like music that Ican dance to.
I love singers whowrite their ownmusic.
關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,並在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。
關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。
(1)who,whom,that 這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to seeyou? 他就是你想見的人嗎?
(who/that在從句中作主語)
He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。
(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
(2)Whose用來指人或物,(只用作定語,若指物,它還可以同of which互換),例如:
They rushed over tohelp the man whosecar had broken down.那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me thebook whose(ofwhich) cover isgreen.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
(3)which,that 它們所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:
A prosperity which/that had never beenseen before appearsin the countryside.
農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。(which/that在句中作主語)
The package (which/that)you arecarrying is aboutto come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。
(which/that在句中作賓語)
(1)when,where,why 關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。
關系副詞when,where,why的含義相當於"介詞+which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+which"結構交替使用,
例如: I still remember theday when (on which)I first came here.
我至今還記得我初來咋到的那一天.
Beijing is the placewhere (in which) Iwas born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reasonwhy (for which) herefused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
『拾』 初三人教版英語7--10筆記整理
Unit7一、知識點：1．Would like sth 想要某東西to do sth想要干…sb to do sth 想要××干2．through 穿過 含有「in」的意思 across 橫過 含有「on」的意思3、expect to do sth / sb to do sth / that 從句（不用虛擬語氣） Wish to do sth / sb to do sth / that 從句（用虛擬語氣） Hope to do / that 從句(不用虛擬語氣) (沒有hope sb to do sth結構)4． light a.可數名詞，燈 b. 不可數名詞，光線、日光 c.形容詞，輕的，明亮的，淺色的d.及物動詞 點燃 照亮 （過去式，過去分詞lit，lit 或lighted ，lighted）5.Some day=someday 只指將來某一天one day 既可指將來某一天，也可指過去某一天。6.Plan 計劃打算(1) plan to do sth We are planning to visit London this summer /Do plan to stay late?(2) 跟名詞或者代詞 Have you planned your trip?We have been planning this visit for months.(3) plan for 為…做計劃He planned for a picnic if the next day were fine.(4) plan on 打算有（做某事）She had not planned on so many guests.They are planning on an/for an outing.7.I』d like to go somewhere relaxing.Somewhere 在本句中有雙重性,對go 來說是副詞，對relaxing 來說是不定代詞。8.Consider 考慮，認為後面只跟動詞，動詞用「ing」形式9.else 用在特殊疑問詞及不定代詞的後面，other 用在名詞前，兩者都是「別的，其他的」的意思10.in 在范圍之內的某方位。to范圍之外的某方位。on在兩地邊界接壤的某方位。11.mind介意 mind doing sth; mind one』s doing sth.12.any用在肯定句中，「任一」13.so that引的狀語從句，「以便，為了」，從句往往有can/may/will/could/might/would等情態動詞。So …that…如此…以至於that …引導結果狀語從句。14.Continue to do sth 繼續干另外一件事。Continue doing sth 繼續干同一件事15.在英語中，有although 不能有but;有because 不能有so 16.強調句型：It is(was)…that (who ,whom)…(1) 強調句型可用來強調各種句子成分(2) 強調句中的連詞who,whom只用來指代人，that 即可以指代人也可以指代物被強調部分是時間，地點等仍用that (3)that,whom, who 後的句中的謂語與原句保持一致(4)強調句中只有it is ,it was 兩種時態形式，如：I am right ------It is I who(that) am right.又如：They will have a meeting tomorrow.It is they who(that) will have a meeting tomorrow.It′s a meeting that they will have tomorrow.It′s tomorrow that they will have a meeting.二 短語1.go on vacation 去度假 2.trek through the jungle 徒步穿越叢林3.some day 有朝一日 4.one of the liveliest cities 最有活力的城市之一5.be supposed to do sth. 應該干。 6.pack light clothes 穿薄衣服7.take a trip 去旅行8.provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb 為了某人提供某物9.be away 離開，遠離 10.the answer to the question 問題的答案11.according to 根據。按照。 12.work as tour guides 做導游的工作13.dream of 夢想，想到 14.less realistic dreams 不現實的夢想15.be willing to do sth. 願意干。16.achieve one』s dreams 實現夢想17.sail across the pacific 橫渡太平洋18.hold on to 保持，不要放棄（賣掉）19.take it easy 從容 輕松 不緊張 20.Niagara Falls 尼亞加拉大瀑布21.Eiffel Tower 艾菲爾鐵塔 22.Notre Dame Cathedral 巴黎聖母院23.this time of year 一年中的這個時候24.in general 通常 ,大體上, 一般而言三 句子1.where would you like to go on vacation?I』d like to trek through the jungle. 2.l like places where the weather is always warm.3.I like to go somewhere relaxing 我喜歡去休閑的地方4.For your next vacation, why not consider visiting Paris? 你下次度假為什麼不考慮去巴黎？5.Traveling around Paris by taxi can cost a lot of money.乘坐計程車游覽巴黎要花費很多錢6.So unless you speak French yourself, it』s best to travel with someone who can translate things for you.因此，除非你自己會講法語，否則最好與一個能為你翻譯的人一起去。7. We』d like to be away for three weeks.我們大約要去三個星期.8.The person has a lot of money to spend on the vacation. 度假中這個人有很多錢可以花.9.I hope you can provide me with some information about the kinds of vacations that your firm can offer 我希望能給我提供一些貴公司能經營的旅遊項目的信息.10.Could you please give me some suggestions for vacation spots?你能給我一些有關度假地的建議嗎？11.You need to pack some warm clothes if you go there. 你如果去那裡，需要帶一些暖和的衣服。12.I』d love to sail across the Pacific.我想橫渡太平洋。