㈠ 初二英語知識點,能告訴我不
初二英語知識點總結:
(一)
一般將來時
一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或者存在的狀態。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用,如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。
be going to do (動詞原形)結構:表示打算、准備做的事情或者肯定要發生的事情。如:It is going to rain.
will do 結構表示將來的用法:
1. 表示預見
Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest.
2. 表示意圖
I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本構成如下:
一般疑問句構成:
(1)will+主語+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?
(2)there be 結構的一般疑問句:Will there + be …?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won』t
否定句構成:will + not (won』t)+do
Sarah won』t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑問句構成:
特殊疑問詞+will+主語+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday?
根據例句,用will改寫下列各句
例:I don』t feel well today. (be better tomorrow)
I』ll be better tomorrow.
1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework tonight)
_____________________________
2. I』m tired now. (sleep later)
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon)
_____________________________
4. We can』t leave right now. (leave a little later)
_____________________________
5. The weather is awful today. (be better tomorrow)
_____________________________
答案:1. She』ll have a lot of homework tonight.
2. I』ll sleep later.
3. They』ll buy one soon.
4. We』ll leave a little later.
5. Maybe it』ll be better tomorrow.
(二)should的用法:
should用來提出建議和忠告,後邊加動詞原形,否定句直接在should後邊加not.
例如:I think you should eat less junk food.
我認為你應該少吃垃圾食品。
She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.
她經常開車,很少走路。所以我認為她應該多走路。
Students shouldn』t spend too much time playing computer games.
學生們不應當花太多的時間玩計算機游戲。
學習向別人提建議的幾種句式:
(1)I think you should…
(2)Well, you could…
(3)Maybe you should …
(4)Why don』t you…?
(5)What about doing sth.?
(6)You』d better do sth.
用should或shouldn』t填空
1. I can』t sleep the night before exams.
You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed.
2. Good friends ______ argue each other.
3. There is little milk in the glass. We _______ buy some.
4. They didn』t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier.
5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _______ do exercises every day.
答案:1. should 2. shouldn』t 3. should 4. should 5. should
(三)
過去進行時
過去進行時表示過去某一點時間正在進行的動作或者過去某一段時間內一直進行的動作。
1. 構成
was /were + doing,例如:
I was watching TV at 9 o』clock last night.
at 9 o』clock last night是時間點
They were playing football all afternoon.
all afternoon是時間段
2. 過去進行時的標志詞
at 8 o』clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如:
I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.
昨天的這個時候我正在吃午飯。
At that time she was writing a book.
那陣子她在寫一本書。(表示她在那段時間里一直在做那件事情。)
用括弧中所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. This time yesterday I ____ ______(read)books.
2. At 9 o』clock last Sunday they ______ ______(have)a party.
3. When I _____(come)into the classroom, she ________ ______(read)a storybook.
4. She _____ ______(play)computer games while her mother ____ ______(cook)yesterday afternoon.
5. I _____ ______(have)a shower when you _______(call)me yesterday.
答案:1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading
4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called
(四)
間接引語
形成步驟:
(1)不要逗號,冒號,引號
(2)要考慮到人稱的變化(人稱的變化與漢語是一致的)
(3)要考慮時態的變化
(4)要考慮時間狀語、地點狀語和語示代詞的變化。
1. 直接引語變成間接引語時,幾個主要時態的變化規律
直接引語
間接引語
一般現在時
一般過去時
一般將來時
過去將來時
現在進行時
過去進行時
2. 直接引語變成間接引語時,一些詞彙的變化規律
直接引語
1. am / is
2. are
3. have / has
4. will
5. can
6. may
間接引語
1. was
2. were
3. had
4. would
5. could
6. might
用括弧中所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. She said I _____(be)hard-working.
2. Peter told me he _____(be)bored yesterday.
3. She said she _____(go)swimming last Sunday.
4. Bobby said he _____(may)call me later.
5. Antonio told me he _____(read)a book then.
答案:1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading
請轉述他人說的話:
1. I go to the beach every Saturday. (Tom)
2. I can speak three languages. (Lucy)
3. I will call you tomorrow. (Mike)
4. I』m having a surprise party for Lana. (she)
(五)
if引導的條件狀語從句
結構:if+一般現在時,主語+將來時
含義:如果……,將要……
例如:If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你請求他,他會幫助你。
If need be, we』ll work all night.
如果需要,我們就干個通宵。
根據中文提示,完成句子。
1. 如果你參加聚會,你將會過得很開心。
If you ________ the party, you __________.
2. 如果明天下雨,我們將不去野餐。
If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.
3. 如果你經常聽英文歌,你將會喜歡英語的。
If you often ________, you _________________.
答案:
1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time
2. If it rains tomorrow, we won』t go to the picnic
3. If you often listen to English songs, you』ll like English
㈡ 初二英語知識點有哪些,語法有哪些
Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?
go on vacation去度假
stay at home待在家裡
go to the mountains去爬山
go to the beach去海灘
visit museums 參觀博物館
go to summer camp去參觀夏令營
quite a few相當多
study for為……而學習
go out出去
most of the time大部分時間
taste good嘗起來很好吃
have a good time玩得高興
of course當然
feel like給……的感覺;感受到
go shopping去購物
in the past在過去
walk around四處走走
because of因為
one bowl of… 一碗……
the next day第二天
drink tea喝茶
find out找出;查明
go on繼續
take photos照相
something important重要的事
up and down上上下下
come up出來
buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.為某人買某物
taste + adj. 嘗起來……
look+adj. 看起來……
nothing…but+動詞原形
除了……之外什麼都沒有
seem+(to be)+ adj. 看起來……
arrive in+大地點 / arrive at+小地點
到達某地 decide to do sth.決定去做某事
try doing sth.嘗試做某事 / try to do sth.盡力去做某事
forget doing sth.忘記做過某事/ forget to do sth.忘記做某事
enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事
want to do sth.想去做某事
start doing sth.開始做某事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事
dislike doing sth. 不喜歡做某事
keep doing sth.繼續做某事
Why not do. sth.?為什麼不做……呢?
so+adj.+that+從句
如此……以至於……
tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人(不要)做某事
Unit2 How often do you exercise?
help with housework幫助做家務
on weekends在周末
how often多久一次
hardly ever幾乎從不
once a week每周一次
twice a month每月兩次
every day每天
be free有空
go to the movies去看電影
use the Internet用互聯網
swing dance搖擺舞
play tennis打網球
stay up late熬夜;睡得很晚
at least至少
have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈課和鋼琴課
go to bed early早點睡覺
play sports進行體育活動
be good for對……有好處
go camping去野營
not…at all一點兒也不……
in one』s free time在某人的業余時間
the most popular最受歡迎的
such as比如;諸如
old habits die hard積習難改
go to the dentist去看牙醫
morn than多於;超過
less than少於
help sb. with sth.幫助某人做某事
How about…? ......怎麼樣?/ ……好不好?
want sb. to do sth.想讓某人做某事
How many+可數名詞復數+一般疑問句? …有多少…?
主語+find+that從句. ……發現……
spend time with sb.和某人一起度過時光
It』s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。
ask sb. about sth.向某人詢問某事
by doing sth. 通過做某事
What』s your favorite……?你最喜愛的……是什麼?
the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式
㈢ 初二英語知識點歸納
初二英語知識點總結
1單元 snake robot 蛇形機器人
space station 太空站 seem possible 看起來可能
be able to (do) = can 能夠
the World Cup 世界盃 2單元
look for 尋找 keep out 不讓……進入
in the future 在未來,在將來 pay for 付款
come true (夢想)成為現實 Teen Talk 青少年論壇
go skating 去滑冰 in style 時髦的,流行的
fall in love with… 愛上 out of style 過時的
hundreds of 好幾百,許許多多 all kinds of 各種,多種
be free 免費 on the one hand (在)一方面
in 100 years (用於將來時) 一百年後 on the other hand (在)另一方面
be in high school 上中學 as…as possible 盡可能…地
live alone 獨自居住 =as…as sb can
go swimming 去游泳 get on with… 與…相處,進展
see sb do sth 看見某人做… have a hair cut 理發
over and over again 一次又一次 part-time job 兼職工作
get bored 厭煩 call sb up=ring sb up 打電話給……
space rocket 太空火箭 on the phone 在通話
electric toothbrush 電動牙刷 What』s the matter (with)? 怎麼了?
computer programmer 電腦程序員 What』s wrong (with)? 怎麼了?
live to be 200 years old 活到200歲 the same as… 與……同樣的
(書上重要表達) complain about 抱怨……
will be… 將成為…… argue with… 與……爭論
study on computer 在電腦上學習 surprise sb 使…驚奇
as a reporter 作為一名記者 borrow from… 向……借
keep a pet 養一隻寵物 lend to… 把…借給…
ring the week 在一周期間 find out 發現,找出
wear a suit (uniform) 穿西裝(制服) except me 除了我
at the weekend 在周末 do wrong 做錯事
on vacation 在假期 under too much pressure 承受太多壓力
predict the future 預測未來 take part in 參加
the head of a company 公司負責人 compare …with… 把…和…比較
need to do sth 需要做某事 (書上重要表達)
job interview 求職面視 enough money 足夠的錢
science fiction movie 科幻電影 write sb a letter 給某人寫信
just like… 就像…… a ball game 一場球賽
help with +名詞 幫助做某事 talk about… 談論…話題
make sb do sth 使某人做…… say sorry to… 向…說對不起
It』s easy for sb to do sth 做某事很簡單 have a bake sale 賣烤點
wake up 醒來 buy….for…. 為…買…
get a tutor 請家教 get out of the shower 洗完澡
be popular at school 在學校受歡迎 sleep late 睡懶覺
everyone else 其他每個人 buy a souvenir 買紀念品
invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事 go into=enter 進入
fail the test 考試不及格 call the police 報警
return= give back 歸還 at around ten o』clock 在十點左右
have a fight with… 同…大吵、打架 shop assistant 售貨員
give some advice 提建議 the Museum of Flight 飛行博物館
busy enough 足夠忙 take a photo 照相
not…until 直到……才 walk around 四處走走
nothing new 沒什麼新鮮的 police officer 警官
seem to do sth 好象要做某事 a car accident 車禍
push a lot more 逼得更緊 event in history 歷史事件
a mother of three 三個孩子的媽媽 in modern history 在現代史上
know about… 知道,了解…… everyday activity 日常活動
find it+形容詞 to do sth 發現做某事很… at that time=then 在那時
think for oneself 為自己考慮 ask sb to do sth 叫…做某事
plan the life 計劃生活 in silence=silently 沉默地
learn to do sth=study to do 學習做某事 be born 出生
a bit=a little 一點 have meaning to sb 對…有意義
organized activity 有組織的活動 national hero 民族英雄
by oneself 靠某人自己
after-school club 課外俱樂部 4單元
get over 克服、恢復
3單元 sea level 海平面
come in 進來 Chinese Young Pioneer 中國少年先鋒隊
World Trade Center (WTC) 世界貿易中心 do well in=be good at 在…方面擅長
as…as… 和……一樣 pass on 傳遞
take place=happen 發生 first of all 首先
hear about 聽說 report card 成績單
take off 起飛;脫下 in good health 身體健康
get out 出去,離開 open up 打開
barber shop 理發店 be supposed to 被期待,被要求
run away 逃跑,跑掉 care for 照料,照顧
in front of 在…前面 senior high school 高中
in the front of 在…前部 the Ministry of Ecation 教育部
walk down the street 沿著街走 be mad at=be angry at 對……很生氣
an unusual experience 一次不尋常經歷 not…anymore 不再…
Beijing International Airport 北京國際機場 end-of-year exam 期末考試
in space 在太空中 have a favor 幫忙
all over the world 全世界 get nervous 變得緊張
train station 火車站 disappointing result 令人失望的結果
(書上重要表達) one』s homework 抄襲作業
(書上重要表達) play party games 玩聚會游戲
have a surprise party 舉行驚喜派對 study for the test 為考試復習
drinks and snacks 飲料和零食 ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事
the next day 第二天 ID card 身份證
How is it going? 一切還好嗎? travel around the world 環球旅遊
have a hard time with… 對…感到頭痛 get an ecation 受教育
have a big fight 大吵一架 might seem like 似乎好象……
forget to do sth 忘記做…(沒做) a dream job 理想的工作
It』s right for sb to do sth 做…是正確的 all over the world 全世界
start a bad habit 養成壞習慣 make life difficult 使生活變得困難
poor mountain village 貧困山區 get injured 受傷
change one』s life 改變…的生活 have a difficult time doing sth 做某事很難
the peking University 北京大學 real friend 真朋友
rural area 農村地區 in fact 事實上
make sb feel sick 使某人不舒服 class party 班會
agree with… 同意…… laugh at sb 嘲笑某人
need to do sth 需要做某事 dye the hair 染發
three times a day 一日三次 past tense 過去時
school dormitory 學校校舍 watch out 留神、小心
outside world 外界
finish doing sth 完成做某事 6單元
volunteer teacher 志願者老師 by the way 順便說一句
mother earth 地球母親 far (away) from… 距離…很遙遠
be in danger 在危險之中 run out of 用完,用盡
more than=over 比…多;多於
5單元和1-5單元復習 be interested in… 對……感興趣
take away 拿走 the Olympic Games 奧運會
make a living 謀生 Hilltop School 山頂學校
around the world 全世界 raise money for charity 為慈善籌錢
all the time=always 總是,一直 a pair of skates 一雙溜冰鞋
mobile phone 行動電話,手機 go native 入鄉隨俗
in order to… 為了…… do (try) one』s best 盡某人最大努力
let in 允許進入 go together 相配;調和
remind …of… 使人想起…… let sb know 讓某人知道
be hurt badly 嚴重受傷 inline skating 縱列式溜冰
make money 掙錢 probably=maybe=perhaps 也許
look up to 尊敬 have sth done(過去分詞) (請別人)做某事
charity event 慈善事件 polar bear 北極熊
professional athlete 職業運動員 three and a half years 三年半
(書上重要表達)
wear jeans 穿牛仔褲 (書上重要表達)
take a bus to…… 坐公車去…… collect the stamps 集郵
help sb do sth 幫助某人做…… skating marathon 滑冰馬拉松
several=a few 幾個 pay a big fine 賠款
be the first one to do sth 第一個做某事 throw away 扔掉
snow globe 雪球 argue about… 為……而爭論
anyone else 其他任何人 sell out 賣完
start a club 建立一個俱樂部 five times the price 價格的5倍多
tell sb about… 告訴某人關於某事 (書上重要表達)
fly a kite 放風箏 do the dishes 洗碗
music video 音樂錄影帶 look terrible 看起來很糟糕
talent show 天才表演 move the car 挪挪汽車
Heilongjiang Province 黑龍江省 help…with(名詞) 幫助某人做某事
colorful history 多彩的歷史 finish the task 完成任務
European influence 歐洲風格的影響 clothing store 服裝店
in Russian style 俄羅斯風格 order a hamburger 預訂個漢堡包
Song Emperor 宋朝皇帝 shop assistant 售貨員
western history 西方歷史 follow sb around=go after sb 跟著某人轉
The more…, the more… 越…,就越…… English-speaking country 說英語的國家
learn about… 學習…… social behavior 社交行為
have problem with… 在…上有問題 be useful to do sth 做某事很有用
be close to… 靠近……
7單元 in all situations 在各種場合下
no problem 沒問題 feel uncomfortable 感到不舒服
wait in line 排隊等候 even if 即使,就算
keep…down 壓低聲音,使緩和 be with sb 和…在一起
pick up 撿起 It』s better to do sth 最好做某事
break the rule 違反規則 public place 公共場合
take care=be careful 當心,小心 in public 在公共場所里
put out the cigarette 熄滅香煙 allow sb to do sth 允許某人做…
at first (反) at last, finally 首先(反)最終 see sb do(doing) sth 看見某人做…
cut in line 插隊 give sb a suggestion 給某人提建議
turn down (up) 關小(開大) take the suggestion 接受建議
not at all 根本不;一點也不 drop litter 扔垃圾
Would you mind (not) doing sth 你介意(不)…嗎?
Could you please (not) do sth 請(不要)…好嗎 8單元
turn on/off 開(關) fall asleep 入睡,睡著
right away =in a minute 立刻 give away 贈送,分發
=at once make friends with sb 與……交朋友
at a meeting 在開會 hear of… 聽說……
hair stylist 發型師,美容師 the Olympics 奧運會
get annoyed 變得氣惱 the Olympic Committee 奧委會
get married 結婚 take an interest in… 對……感興趣
get mad 變得激動 photo album 相冊
get angry 變得生氣 rather than… 勝於;(與其),不如
happen to sb 某人發生某事 make progress 取得進步
these days=now 現在,目前 gone to… 已去某地(途中)
too…to… 太…以致於不能… get some exercise 鍛煉
give up doing sth 放棄做某事 It takes forty minutes 花了40分鍾
give…to… 給某人…… Neither have I=me neither 我也沒有(去)
stage manner 舞台台風 get to=reach=arrive in(at) 到達
native speaker 說本族語的人 take a lesson=have a lesson 上課
learn by heart 用心記住 (書上重要表達)
look up (在書中)查詢 water park 水上樂園
for a while 暫時,一會兒 space museum 太空博物館
an 80-year-old grandmother 一位80歲的外婆 take the subway 坐地鐵
China Radio International 中國國際廣播電台 Mickey mouse 米老鼠
(書上重要表達) Donald Duck 唐老鴨
get sb sth=buy sth for sb 給某人買…… Disney character 迪士尼卡通人物
How about=what about ……怎麼樣? theme park 主題公園
Why don』y you do sth? 為什麼不做…呢 be themed with… 被冠以…主題
Why not do sth? (同上) walk around 四處走走
special enough 足夠特別 Disney Cruise 迪士尼巡遊
pot-bellied pig named Connie 取名叫科尼爾的豬 take a ride 搭乘……
eat a lot 吃得多 just like… 就像,正如
keep a pet 養寵物 take different route 走不同線路
pay for=spend for 為……付錢 exchange student 交換生
learn to do sth=study to do 學習做某事 flight attendant 空中乘務員
improve English 提高英語 language school 語言學校
enter a contest 參加比賽 such as=for example 例如
as well as… 和……一樣好 listening skill 聽力技巧
age group 年齡組 Southeast Asia 東南亞
win the prize 贏得獎金 take a holiday 度假
encourage sb to do sth 鼓勵某人做某事 have problem doing sth 做某事有困難
have fun with… 做…很有樂趣 foreign country 外國
find out 找出,發現 ring the daytime 在白天
find a way to do sth 找到做某事的方法 wake up 醒來,喚醒某人
be awake 醒著的
9單元 natural environment 自然環境
end up 結束 It』s best to do sth 做好做某事
on board 在船上 10單元
have a great time 玩得愉快 look through 瀏覽
amusement park 娛樂園 come along=appear 出現,發生
tour guide 導游 get along=get on with… 相處
three quarters 四分之三 at least (反) at most 至少(反)最多
Night Safari 夜間野生動物園 have a small talk=chat 閑聊
all year around 全年,一年到頭 opening question 開場白問題
roller coaster 過山車 thank-you note 感謝信
(ever) been to… 曾經去過某地 cross the busy street 穿越繁忙的大街
have a wonderful time 過得愉快 show sb around 帶某人參觀某地
be friendly to sb 對某人友好 show the way 指路
be happy to do sth 很高興做某事 have a hard time doing 做某事很困難
invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事 make it easy to do sth 使做某事容易
have a family dinner 家庭聚餐 go with sb 同某人一起去
look both side 看兩邊 win the game 贏得比賽
(書上重要表達) dining room 食堂、飯廳
Franklin Lake 弗蘭克林湖 holiday job 假期短工
by noon 到中午之前 review=go over 復習
I hope so 但願如此 opposite word 反義詞
wait to do sth 等著做某事 decide to do sth 決定做某事
baby sister=younger sister 妹妹 meet friends 會見朋友
feel like doing=want to do sth 想做某事
㈣ 跪求初二英語知識點!
網上有,先發一些!
初二英語知識點總結:
(一)
一般將來時
一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發生的動作或者存在的狀態。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用,如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。
be going to do (動詞原形)結構:表示打算、准備做的事情或者肯定要發生的事情。如:It is going to rain.
will do 結構表示將來的用法:
1. 表示預見
Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest.
2. 表示意圖
I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本構成如下:
一般疑問句構成:
(1)will+主語+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?
(2)there be 結構的一般疑問句:Will there + be …?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won』t
否定句構成:will + not (won』t)+do
Sarah won』t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑問句構成:
特殊疑問詞+will+主語+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday?
根據例句,用will改寫下列各句
例:I don』t feel well today. (be better tomorrow)
I』ll be better tomorrow.
1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework tonight)
_____________________________
2. I』m tired now. (sleep later)
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon)
_____________________________
4. We can』t leave right now. (leave a little later)
_____________________________
5. The weather is awful today. (be better tomorrow)
_____________________________
答案:1. She』ll have a lot of homework tonight.
2. I』ll sleep later.
3. They』ll buy one soon.
4. We』ll leave a little later.
5. Maybe it』ll be better tomorrow.
(二)should的用法:
should用來提出建議和忠告,後邊加動詞原形,否定句直接在should後邊加not.
例如:I think you should eat less junk food.
我認為你應該少吃垃圾食品。
She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.
她經常開車,很少走路。所以我認為她應該多走路。
Students shouldn』t spend too much time playing computer games.
學生們不應當花太多的時間玩計算機游戲。
學習向別人提建議的幾種句式:
(1)I think you should…
(2)Well, you could…
(3)Maybe you should …
(4)Why don』t you…?
(5)What about doing sth.?
(6)You』d better do sth.
用should或shouldn』t填空
1. I can』t sleep the night before exams.
You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed.
2. Good friends ______ argue each other.
3. There is little milk in the glass. We _______ buy some.
4. They didn』t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier.
5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _______ do exercises every day.
答案:1. should 2. shouldn』t 3. should 4. should 5. should
(三)
過去進行時
過去進行時表示過去某一點時間正在進行的動作或者過去某一段時間內一直進行的動作。
1. 構成
was /were + doing,例如:
I was watching TV at 9 o』clock last night.
at 9 o』clock last night是時間點
They were playing football all afternoon.
all afternoon是時間段
2. 過去進行時的標志詞
at 8 o』clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如:
I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.
昨天的這個時候我正在吃午飯。
At that time she was writing a book.
那陣子她在寫一本書。(表示她在那段時間里一直在做那件事情。)
用括弧中所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. This time yesterday I ____ ______(read)books.
2. At 9 o』clock last Sunday they ______ ______(have)a party.
3. When I _____(come)into the classroom, she ________ ______(read)a storybook.
4. She _____ ______(play)computer games while her mother ____ ______(cook)yesterday afternoon.
5. I _____ ______(have)a shower when you _______(call)me yesterday.
答案:1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading
4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called
(四)
間接引語
形成步驟:
(1)不要逗號,冒號,引號
(2)要考慮到人稱的變化(人稱的變化與漢語是一致的)
(3)要考慮時態的變化
(4)要考慮時間狀語、地點狀語和語示代詞的變化。
1. 直接引語變成間接引語時,幾個主要時態的變化規律
直接引語 間接引語
一般現在時 一般過去時
一般將來時 過去將來時
現在進行時 過去進行時
2. 直接引語變成間接引語時,一些詞彙的變化規律
直接引語
1. am / is
2. are
3. have / has
4. will
5. can
6. may 間接引語
1. was
2. were
3. had
4. would
5. could
6. might
用括弧中所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. She said I _____(be)hard-working.
2. Peter told me he _____(be)bored yesterday.
3. She said she _____(go)swimming last Sunday.
4. Bobby said he _____(may)call me later.
5. Antonio told me he _____(read)a book then.
答案:1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading
請轉述他人說的話:
1. I go to the beach every Saturday. (Tom)
2. I can speak three languages. (Lucy)
3. I will call you tomorrow. (Mike)
4. I』m having a surprise party for Lana. (she)
(五)
if引導的條件狀語從句
結構:if+一般現在時,主語+將來時
含義:如果……,將要……
例如:If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你請求他,他會幫助你。
If need be, we』ll work all night.
如果需要,我們就干個通宵。
根據中文提示,完成句子。
1. 如果你參加聚會,你將會過得很開心。
If you ________ the party, you __________.
2. 如果明天下雨,我們將不去野餐。
If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.
3. 如果你經常聽英文歌,你將會喜歡英語的。
If you often ________, you _________________.
答案:
1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time
2. If it rains tomorrow, we won』t go to the picnic
3. If you often listen to English songs, you』ll like English
二. 完形填空特點及解題思路
(一)題型分類與特點
完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個詞,留下一些空格,要求考生藉助短文保留的部分,從所給的短文整體出發,在正確理解短文意思的基礎上,根據句子和句子間的內在聯系、詞的用法和習慣搭配等,用適當的詞或詞語填空,使補全後的短文意思通順、前後連貫、結構完整。這種題型測試的內容從形式上看是單詞或短語的填空,但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法結構正確,所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語義適用和語法正確兩條原則,只考慮某一側面都可能導致錯誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類:完形填空選擇題和完形填空題。
1. 完形填空選擇題:該題型的特點是將一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格,對每一空格提供若干個選擇項,要求考生通讀短文後,在理解短文意思的基礎上,運用所學的詞彙、句型、語法等語言知識,從所提供的備選項中選出一個最佳答案,使短文內容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相當,字數在150-200個單詞之內,多數設置10個左右空格,所設考點涉及詞彙、語法及對短文內容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設空,以期提供一個語境,對每一空格設置的選項基本都屬於相同或對等的詞類,給判定選擇帶來一定的干擾,側重考查了考生准確運用詞彙的能力及對短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。
2. 選詞填空題:該題型的特點是把抽出的詞打亂順序,不按原文順序排列,放在短文前面或後面的方框內,有時還增加幾個文外的詞,要求考生從中選出適當的詞以正確的形式填入短文空格內。
(A)
Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase (短語)「have a day off」. He 2 , then he had an idea. 「Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? 」he asked the teacher. 「Of course, you can. 」replied (答復)the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher』s door. 「May I have a day off 5 ? 」The teacher was very surprised, 「Didn』t you 6 it just now? 」「Yes, sir. But I can』t be here 7 , either. 」The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, 「Why didn』t you say『May I have two days off? 』」The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. 「But you only 10 us『have a day off! 』」
( )1. A. but B. and C. or D. for
( )2. A. thought hardly
B. thought hard and hard
C. hard thought
D. thought and thought
( )3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr
( )4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock
( )5. A. also B. again C. too D. once
( )6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do
( )7. A. tomorrow
B. the day after tomorrow
C. yesterday
D. the day before yesterday
( )8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing
( )9. A. with B. on C. in D. by
( )10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D. were teaching
(B)
請根據內容從所給的15個單詞中選出最恰當的10個填入空白處,使短文完整,有些詞要根據需要作適當的詞形變化。
than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what
A generation gap (代溝)has become a serious problem. I read a _______(1)about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _______(2)after quarrels (爭吵)with parents. I think this is _______(3)they don』t have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _______(4)time in the office. _______(5)they don』t have much time to stay with their children. As tim
㈤ 初二英語語法知識點整理
中考重點句型
一、常使用動詞不定式的短語
1、It』s time to do sth.\ It』s time for sth
該作某事的時候了.
2、can』t wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事
3、ask /telle sb. (not ) to do sth.
要求/告訴某人(不)作某事
4、allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人作某事
5、be supposed to do sth. 應該作某事
6、Would like /want (sb.) to do sth. 想要作某事
7、have sth/nothing to do 有…時要做/與…無關
8、find it +adj. to do sth. 發覺作某事…
9、prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
寧願作某事,而不願作某事
10、It』s +adj. for sb. to do sth.
作某事對某人來說…
11、It』s better /best to do sth. 最好做某事
12、It takes sb. sometime. to do sth.
某人做某事用了一些時間
二、常用動名詞的短語
1、 enjoy /like /love doing sth. 喜歡做某事
2、 keep /keep on /carry on / go on doing sth.
繼續做某事
3、feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
4、practise doing sth. 練習作某事
5、give up doing sth. 放棄作某事
6、be good at= do well in\on doing sth. 擅長作某事
7、pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事
8、what about/ how about doing sth.
….怎麼樣(好嗎)?
9、Thank you for doing sth. 為…感謝某人
10、mind doing sth. 介意作某事
11、be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 、
被用來作某事
12、spend …(in) doing sth. 花時間作某時
13、be busy doing/ with sth. 忙於作某事
14、finish doing sth. 作完某時
15、look forward to doing. 盼望做某事
16、prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜歡…勝過…
17、be/get used to doing sth. 習慣作某事
18、keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth.
阻止某人作某事
三、省略動詞不定式的短語
1、一看二聽三使役
see/ hear/ feel/ notice/ look at /listen to sb. do sth.
看見/聽見/感覺/注意某人作某事
make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/讓某人做某事
2、help sb. (to) do sth/ with sth.幫助某人作某事
3、 had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事
4、 Why don』t you/ not do sth.為什麼不作某事
5、Would /Will / Could you please (not) do sth.
請你(不)作某事好嗎?
四、 同義詞比較
1、 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事
eg. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking. After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest.
2、 forget / remember to do sth.
忘記/記得要去作某事
forget / remember doing sth.
忘記記得曾經做過某事
eg. Please remember to bring my book to school.
I remember doing my homework
3、 used to do sth. 過去常常作某事
be used to do sth. 被用來作某事
be used to doing sth. 習慣於作某事
eg. My father used to smoke.
Wood is used to make paper.
I am used to getting up early.
4、So +be/助動詞/情態動詞 + 主語
…也一樣
So +主語+be/助動詞/ 情態動詞
是呀,表示贊同別人的觀點
Neither + be /助動詞/ 情態動詞+主語
…也不一樣(用於否定句)
eg. He has been to Beijing. So have I.
It』s a fine day. So it is.
She doesn』t like eggs. Neither do I.
5、 too…to do sth. 太…而不能…
so +adj. /adv + that(從句) 如此…以致…
such +(a/an +adj.)+n.+ that(從句)
如此…以致…
(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth.
(對某人來說)做某事(不)夠
eg. The boy is too young to go to school.
The boy is so young that he can』t go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can』t go to school.
The boy is not old enough to go to school.
五、常考知識點
1、keep +adj. 保持…狀態
keep (sb.) doing sth.
繼續做某事/使某人老是做某事
eg. Everyone should keep our classroom clean.
It』s too late, but he still keeps working.
Lily always keeps us waiting for her.
2、make+ sb. + n. 使某人成為
make + sb. + adj. 使某人…
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
Sb. be made to sth. 某人被迫做某事
eg. We made Peter our monitor.
Books make us happy.
He often makes me laugh.
The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.
3、I don』t think that 我認為…不
eg. I don』t think you are right.
4、It』s /was/has been+ some time +since+一般過去時… 自從…以來有多久了
eg. It has been two years since we met last time.
6、 What do you mean by?=What does .. mean?=what is the meaning of...?
是什麼意思?
eg. What do you mean by 「computer」?=What does 「computer」 mean?=what is the meaning of "computer"?
7、 What do you think of…/How do you like …?
你認為…怎麼樣?
eg. What do you think of this film /How do you like this film?
8、 What is/was/will …be like? ..怎麼樣?
eg. What is the weather like?
What will the life in the future be like?
9、 It』s said/ reported that… 據說/據報道
It's well known that 眾所周知
It's thought that 大家認為
eg. It』s said that the population of the word would be 6 billion in 2050.
10、one of the +形容詞最高級+名詞復數
…其中之一
eg. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
11、neither…nor… 既不…也不(兩者都不)
either…or…要麼…要麼/或者…或者/不是…就是
not only…but also… 不但…而且
以上三個詞做主語時,要用就近原則
eg. Neither you nor he has been to the USA.
Either he or you go to the park.
Not only my mother but also my father is a teacher.
neither of 兩者都不
either of 兩者選一
none of 沒有一個
以上三個做主語時,謂語動詞用單數
All of 全部 Both of 兩者都
以上二個做主語時,謂語動詞用復數
12、比較級+ than +any other +名詞單數
…比其餘任何一個…
比較級+ than + the other+名詞復數
eg. Shanghai is bigger than any other city=shanghai is bigger than the other cities in China.
13、When(當…的時候), if (如果), as soon as(一…就), until(直到…才), unless(除非/如果…不)這幾個詞引導的時間或條件狀語從句時,主句要用一般將來時.
從句一般現在時
eg. I will call you when he comes.
If it doesn』t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic.
As soon as I get to Beijing, I』ll come to see you.
He won』t go to bed until his parents come back.
Unless you work hard, you won』t catch up with others.
㈥ 初二英語知識
1) leave的用法
1.「leave+地點」表示「離開某地」。例如:
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什麼時候離開上海的?
2.「leave for+地點」表示「動身去某地」。例如:
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五,愛麗斯要去倫敦了。
3.「leave+地點+for+地點」表示「離開某地去某地」。例如:
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你為什麼要離開上海去北京?
2) 情態動詞should「應該」學會使用
should作為情態動詞用,常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等,有「竟會」的意思,例如:
How should I know? 我怎麼知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什麼來得這么晚?
should有時表示應當做或發生的事,例如:
We should help each other.我們應當互相幫助。
我們在使用時要注意以下幾點:
1. 用於表示「應該」或「不應該」的概念。此時常指長輩教導或責備晚輩。
例如:
You should be here with clean hands. 你應該把手洗干凈了再來。
2. 用於提出意見勸導別人。例如:
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.
如果你感覺不舒服,你最好去看醫生。
3. 用於表示可能性。should的這一用法是考試中常常出現的考點之一。例如:
We should arrive by supper time. 我們在晚飯前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她隨時都可能來。
3) What...? 與 Which...?
1. what 與 which 都是疑問代詞,都可以指人或事物,但是what僅用來詢問
職業。如:
What is your father? 你父親是干什麼的?
該句相當於:
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范圍內的某一個人。如:
---Which is Peter? 哪個是皮特?
---The boy behind Mary. 瑪麗背後的那個男孩。
2. What...? 是泛指,所指的事物沒有范圍的限制;而 Which...? 是特指,
所指的事物有范圍的限制。如:
What color do you like best?(所有顏色)你最喜愛什麼顏色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow?
你最喜愛哪一種顏色? (有特定的范圍)
3. what 與 which 後都可以接單、復數名詞和不可數名詞。如:
Which pictures are from China?哪些圖片來自中國?
4) 頻度副詞的位置
1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些:
always(總是,一直)
usually(通常)
often(常常,經常)
sometimes(有時候)
never(從不)
2.頻度副詞的位置:
a.放在連系動詞、助動詞或情態動詞後面。如:
David is often arrives late for school.大衛上學經常遲到。
b.放在行為動詞前。如:
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.
我們每天經常在7:10去上學。
c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾,用來表示強調。如:
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I ride a bike.
有時我步行回家,有時我騎自行車。
3.never放在句首時,主語、謂語動詞要倒裝。如:
Never have I been there.我從沒到過那兒。
5) every day 與 everyday
1. every day作狀語,譯為「每一天」。如:
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我們每天7:10去上學。
I decide to read English every day.
我決定每天讀英語。
2. everyday 作定語,譯為「日常的」。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚飯後在電視上看日常英語。
What's your everyday activity?你的日常活動是什麼?
6) 什麼是助動詞
1.協助主要動詞構成謂語動詞片語的詞叫助動詞(Auxiliary Verb)。被協助的
動詞稱作主要動詞(Main Verb)。助動詞自身沒有詞義,不可單獨使用,
例如:
He doesn't like English.他不喜歡英語。
(doesn't是助動詞,無詞義;like是主要動詞,有詞義)
2.助動詞協助主要動詞完成以下功用,可以用來:
a. 表示時態,例如:
He is singing.他在唱歌。
He has got married.他已結婚。
b. 表示語態,例如:
He was sent to England.他被派往英國。
c. 構成疑問句,例如:
Do you like college life?你喜歡大學生活嗎?
Did you study English before you came here?
你來這兒之前學過英語嗎?
d. 與否定副詞not合用,構成否定句,例如:
I don't like him. 我不喜歡他。
e. 加強語氣,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。
He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。
3.最常用的助動詞有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do
1.forget to do忘記要去做某事(未做);forget doing忘記做過某事(已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
辦公室的燈還在亮著,它忘記關了。(沒有做關燈的動作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘記他已經關了燈了。( 已做過關燈的動作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
別忘了明天來。(to come動作未做)
典型例題
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案:C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著,即關燈的動作沒有發生,
因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth表示燈已經關上了,而
自己忘記了這一事實。此處不符合題意。
2.remember to do記得去做某事(未做);
remember doing記得做過某事(已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
記著放學後去趟郵局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?
8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用於表示事物的特徵特點,表示客觀形式的形容詞,如:
easy, hard,difficult,interesting,impossible等:
It's very hard for him to study two languages.
對他來說學兩門外語是很難的。
2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態度的形容詞,
如:good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我,你真是太好了。
3.for 與of 的辨別方法:
用介詞後面的代詞作主語,用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語,造個句子。如果道理上通順用of,不通則用for。如:
You are nice.(通順,所以應用of)。
He is hard.(人是困難的,不通,因此應用for。)
9) 對兩個句子的提問
新目標英語在命題中有將對句子劃線提問這一題型取消的趨勢,現在採取的作
法是對一個句子進行自由提問。例如:
句子:The boy in blue has three pens.
提問:1. Who has three pens?
2. Which boy has three pens?
3. What does the boy in blue have?
4. How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很顯然,學生多了更多的回答角度,也體現了考試的靈活性。再如:
句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提問:1. Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2. Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5. What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
6. When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such與不定冠詞的使用
1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構為「so+形容詞+a/an+名詞」。如:
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構為「such+a/an+形容詞+名詞」。如:
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
㈦ 人教版初二英語知識要點
Unit 1 How often do you exercise?
目標語言:talk about how often you do things
重點句型:What does she do on weekends? She often goes to the movies.
What do you usually do on weekends? I usually play soccer.
How often does Cheng watch TV? He watches TV twice a week.
How many hours do you sleep every day? I sleep for nine hours .
Do you think she has a healthy lifestyle ? Yes,I do.
Is her lifestyle the same as yours? Yes, it is.
Who is the healthiest? Tom is the healthiest.
重點片語:watch TV, read newspaper, go to the movies, surf the Internet, read English books, once or twice a week, every day, three or four times a week, the result of, be interested in, translate…into…,be good for, try to, the same as, help sb. to do,keep in good health.
知識點:
1.一般現在時,第三人稱單數作主語時,動詞的變化規則。
1) 一般在動詞後加-s詞尾。如,come-comes live-lives
2) 在以ch, sh ,s, x, 或o結尾的詞後要加-es, 如,
teach-teaches catch-catches wish-wishes wash-washes
miss-misses guess-guesses mix-mixes fix-fixes
go-goes do-does
3) 以「輔音+y」結尾的詞,先變y為I 再加es,如,
Try-tries study-studies reply-replies fly-flies
1. 主語為第三人稱單數時一般現在時的結構
肯定式:主語+ 謂語動詞的第三人稱單數+其他。
He likes bananas a lot. 他非常喜歡吃香蕉。
否定式:主語+助動詞(doesn』t)+動詞原形+其他。
She doesn』t like milk.她不喜歡喝牛奶。
疑問式:助動詞(Does)+主語+動詞原形+其他
肯定回答:Yes, 主語+does.
否定回答:No, 主語+doesn』t.
-Does Kate like meat? 凱特喜歡吃肉嗎?
-Yes, she does. 是的,她喜歡。
-No, she doesn』t. 不,她不喜歡。
2.頻度副詞的用法
1)頻度副詞是表示動作頻率的詞彙,常用的有always100%,usually80%,often50%,somtimes30%,hardly ever2%never0%
2)頻度副詞的位置
a) 放在連系動詞,助動詞或情態動詞後面
b) 放在行為動詞前
c) 有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾,用來表示強調
Sometimes I walk home,sometimes I go home by bus.
【注意】never放在句首時,主語,謂語動詞要倒狀。
Never have I learnt this word.我從沒學過這個詞。
3.詞語辨析:
1)
a) good, fine, well, nice
good是通用詞,可以表示各種品質方面的優異,從美學到道德規范幾乎都可以使用。
It is an old film, but it』s very good.
b) fine表示「上好的,精細的」,也可以表示「美好的」,天氣「晴朗的」。
She always wears fine clothes.她總穿好衣服。
It is fine sand.這是細砂。
It is a fine day today. 今天天氣晴朗。
c) well表示身體「無病的,健康的「
d) nice表示使人感到「愉快的,好的「
2)every day, everyday
every day作狀語;everyday作定語
3)some time, some times, sometime, sometimes,
a)some time表示「一些時間」,此處time為不可數名詞「時間」,如
Don』t worry. We have sometime.別著急,我們還有些時間。
b)some times表示「一些次數/倍數」,此處time為可數名詞「次數/倍數」。
I have been to Hong Kong some times.我去過香港好幾次了。
c)sometime表示「在某個時候」,且多指將來
We are going to HongKong sometime next summer.明年夏天的某個時候,我們將要去香港。
d)sometimes表示「有時,不時」,意思與at times相近,且多指現在的情況。
My family sometimes goes to Hong Kong for vacations.我們家有時去香港度假。
4)all, most, some ,no
這四個詞都是用來表示大概的數量,但是他們所表示的程度不同:all所有的,most大部分的,some一些,no 沒有。如,all boys所有男孩,most boys大部分男孩,some boys一些男孩,no boys 沒有男孩。
5)health, healthy
Health意思是「健康」,為名詞;而healthy是在health的詞尾加上加上y,變成形容詞,意思是「健康的」。它們的用法也不大相同:health一般只作主語或賓語;而healthy多作定語或表語。
類似的詞彙還有很多,要注意區分:sleep-sleepy, luck-lucky,mood-moody
6)kind, kind of, a kind of
Kind有兩種基本意思:1。作名詞,意思是「種類,類型」;2。作形容詞,用來形容熱,意思為「仁慈的,友善的,善良的」.
◆ unit2 What』s the matter?
目標語言:Talk about your health and give advice
重點句型:What』s the matter?=What』s the trouble?= What』s wrong with you?
I have a sore throat. You should drink some hot tea with honey.
I have a stomacke. You should lie down and rest.
I have a toothache. You should see a dentist.
I have a fever. You should drink lots of water.
That』s a good idea.
I am not feeling well.
When did it start? About three days ago.
That』s too bad.
I think so.
I hope you feel better soon.
Do you have a headache? Yes, I do.
I am tired. You should go to bed early.
I am stressed out. You should listen to music.
I am thirsty. You should have a drink.
I am hungry. You should eat an apple.
重點片語:lie down, hot tea with honey, lots of water,advise sb to do.
go to bed, listen to music, healthy lifestyle, believe in, for example, too much, be good for, a balanced diet, get tired, stay healthy, stressed out, hope todo, wish sb to do, at the moment, improve on/upon, host family,on the other hand
知識點:
1. I am sorry to hear that….獲悉...我很抱歉(遺憾)
I am sorry to hear that your mother is ill.
2. enjoy用法
enjoy sth.喜愛,欣賞某物I enjoy my job.我喜愛我的工作.
enjoy doing喜歡做某事.I enjoy swimming in summer.在夏天,我喜歡游泳.
enjoy oneself=have a good time玩得開心 We enjoyed ourselves at the party yesterday.我們在昨天的聚會上玩得很開心.
3.hope的用法
hope to do希望做某事I hope to work with you. 我希望能同你一起工作.
hope+clause . I hope (that) he will be better soon.我希望他快些好起來.
【注意】如果想表示希望某人做某事要用wish sb to do如,I wish him to come.我希望他來.
4. Until的用法:
Until 和 till的意義相同,都有「直到」,「直到...才」,」在...以前不」的意思.它們的使用方法為:
1) 作介詞: 作介詞,後面通常接表時間的名詞或短語.如We are back until/till3o』clock.三點種我們才回來.
2) 作連詞: 作連詞時,until和till引導時間狀語從句.如 Go along this road until you see the park沿著這條路走,直到你看到公園為止。
【注意】1)以上的狀語從句的例句都是從句在主句之後,如果把從句放在主句之前,那麼,引導詞用till.如Till you come back, I won』t leavehere.直到你回來我才回離開這。
2)主句的動作是終止性的,要用not…until/till句型。
5.can 的用法
Can意思為」能,會」,是情態動詞,其後接動詞原形,否定形式為can not,縮寫為can』t.過去式為could,could有時用於一般現在時態,語氣比can 委婉.
1) 表示能力.I can sing我會唱歌。
2) 表示驚訝,不相信等態度,主要用於否定句或疑問句中。
Can it be hers?這能是她的嗎?
You can』t be serious.你不會當真吧。
3)表示允許,意思與may相近,主要用於口語中。
Can I smoke here?我能在這兒抽煙嗎?
6.too much, much too, too many
too much 表示「太多」,用來修飾不可數名詞;much too表示「太」,修飾形容詞或副詞;too many表示「太多」,用來修飾可數名詞的復數。
7.ago,before
Ago與before都表示「....以前」,但用法有區別:
Ago表示從此刻算起的若干時間之前,常用於過去時的句子中.如
He bought the computer two days ago.兩天前他買了一台電腦.
Before作為副詞時表示1)從過去某個時刻算起的若干時間以前,用於過去完成時的句子中;籠統的」以前」,用於一般過去時或現在完成時的句子中.如
He had already taken away the computer long before.他早就拿定了電腦.
I have read that novel before.我以前讀過這部小說.
8. maybe, may be
maybe adv 或許,大概。其同義詞為perhaps.
may be是情態動詞+be動詞的形式,作謂語,意思為「可能」。
【注意】由於may是情態動詞,因此無人稱和數的變化,也沒有將來時態,即:將來時用現在時來表示。而maybe是副詞,不能決定句子的時態,因此要根據具體情況,使用相應的時態。
9keep的用法
keep+形容詞. Please keep quiet!
keep+副詞 Danger! Keep out!危險!不要靠近!
keep+介詞 Keep off the grass!勿踐踏草坪!
【相關短語】keep at堅持下去 keep in with保持友好關系
keep in mind 記住 keep on繼續 keep up持續不停 keep up with趕上
10.如果其後是明確的疾病名稱就要用have,如果其後是表達身體狀況的形容詞,則用be。如 I have a sore throat. I am tired.
11.a few有一點,表示肯定;後面接可數名詞;few幾乎沒有,極少,表示否定,後面接可署名詞;a little有一點,表示肯定,後面接不可數名詞;little幾乎沒有,極少,表示否定,後面接不可數名詞。
◆unit3 What are you doing for vacation?
目標語言:talk about future plane
重點句型:What are you doing for vacation? I』m visiting my grandmother.
What is she doing for vacation? She』s going camping.
Who are you going with? I』m going with my parents.
When is he going? He』s going on the 12th.
How long are you staying? I』m staying for four days.
Where are you going for vacation? I am going to Italy.
How is the weather? It is fine.
Can I ask you some questions about your vacation plans? Sure.
重點片語:spend time with friends, go to the beach, go to sports camp,visit cousins, go bike riding, go sightseeing, talk walks, go fishing, rent videos, be famous for/as, think about, decide on, do something different, plan to do, go fishing, hope to do, forget to do/doing, wait to do, finish doing, ask sb. about sth.
知識點:
1. 現在進行時何時表示非進行意義
「be+現在分詞」構成進行時態,表示動作正在發生或進行。但也有特殊情況
1) 表示轉移的動詞leave,go, come, start等進行時態表將來的時候,時常伴有意圖,安排或打算的含義。這種現在進行時比較生動,給人一種期待感,它常常表示最近或較近的將來。He is leaving fro London tomorrow.他明天就要去倫敦。
2) 表示將來的現在進行時除用轉移動詞外,也可以用某些非轉移動詞。如,
When I grow up, I am joining the army.我長大要參軍。
3) 頻度副詞always, forever,continually等和進行時連用,帶有一定的感情色彩, 泛指一切時間內所做的事情,或者表示客觀事實。這種用法比較口語化,也比較生動。
The earth is always turning.地球轉個不停。
2. Leave的用法
1) 「leave+地點」表示「離開某地」如,When did you leave Changchun?
2) 「leave for+地點」表示「離開去某地」 如She is leaving for London.
3) 「leave+地點+for +地點」表示「離開某地去某地」
Why are you leaving Changchun for Wuhan?
3.finish doing做完某事
4.Hear的用法 hear-heard-heard
1)hear+that引導的從句。That可省略不用。如
I hear there』s an interesting film tonight.
2)hear sb do sth聽見某人做某事。如
I hear her sing every day.
3)hear sb doing聽見某人正在做某事。如
I hear him singing in the next room.
5.all, both
all「全部,都」,指三者或三者以上事物;both「都」,指兩者。
6.about, on關於
About指的內容較為普通,不那麼正式,含有隨便談論的意味。如
I know nothing about the matter.我對這事一無所知。
On指的內容較為嚴肅或學術性的,可供專門研究這一問題的人閱讀或參考。
He has written lots of books on the history of Japan.他寫了許多關於日本史的書。
7.this summer指「今年夏天」,象這樣有this, that ,these, those,next等修飾的詞作時間狀語時前面不需要加介詞。
8.Famous的用法
Be famous for 因。。而聞名; be famous as作為。。。而聞名
9.Problem, question「問題」
Question是對某事懷疑因而提出的需要考慮,討論,等待回答的問題;problem是客觀存在的,等待解決的問題。
Question常與動詞ask ,answer連用;problem常與動詞solve連用。
10.Forget的用法forget-forgot-forgotten
forget to do sth忘記去做某事。表示動作尚未發生;forget doing sth忘記做過某事。表示動作已經發生。Remember用法與forget相同。
11.Decide的用法
decide to do sth決定做某事;decide on doing sth/sth決定,取決;make a decision做決定
12.Think about, think out, think over, think of
think about考慮,回想 He thought about going to Greece or Spain.他考慮去希臘還是西班牙。
think out想出 We thought out a perfect way at last.我們最後想出了絕妙的方法。
think over仔細考慮,認真考慮 Please think it over, I am sure you can get the answer.
think of 考慮,設想,想起等,常用於否定句,與could,should,would連用,表示「有。。。想法(念頭)」。You shouldn』t think of that.你不該那麼想。
13.Visitor ,guest
Visitor指訪問者,探訪者,來客等。Guest指客人,來客。如果你是一個visitor,說明你想去訪問某人或參觀某地;如果你是一個guest,就是指你是受某人邀請的客人或者是應邀到其家中作客,或者應邀去吃飯,或者應邀去聽音樂會,看戲等,guest也指旅館的旅客。
14.Go+doing通常表示去做某些活動。如,go camping去野營, go fishing去釣魚
15.Sound, noise
Sound系常用詞,泛指「任何聲音,不論高低,大小,是否悅耳或有無意義」。如 the sound of footsteps腳步聲;noise 指「任何混雜,嘈雜,刺耳或起干擾作用,令人厭煩的聲音」。
16.Rent的用法
Rent即為可數名詞rent out 出租,租出;rent at以。。。出租
17.Comlete,finish
Finish表示過去某個時候著手做的事已經做完,或者表示對已經做完的事情進行精密加工;complet側重表示做完或完成某工作,特別是一項任務,或者把某工作圓滿結束。
㈧ 八年級英語知識點總結
人教版的(偶只學到了第6單元)
Unit1
要會描述出你最近經常乾的事情,
語法沒什麼難的(最好把3a背會)
單詞里注意hardly(否定詞)
try(try
one's
best
to
do
sth盡某人最大的努力做某事、try
to
do
sth盡力做某事、try
doing
sth嘗試做某事)
same(be
the
same
as...和..一樣)
differen(be
different
from..
..與..不同)
although(不能與but連用)
Unit2
要會描述你的健康狀況和給出建議(還是背3a)
單詞沒有什麼特別重點的,背會掌握基本的用法
Uint3——5都比較簡單,能背的都背,沒什麼壞處
Uint6是比較級注意比較級的構成6條,在P93
還有1.同級比較
A
is(be)
as
tall(adj.)
as
B
A和B一樣高
2.比較級
and
比較級
It
gets
colder
and
colder
天氣越來越冷了(...越來越...)
3.the
比較級...the
比較級
The
more
you
eat
,the
fatter
you
will
get
你吃的越多,你將長的越胖(越...越...)
4.倍數
比較級
than
My
room
is
three
times
bigger
than
yours
我的房間是你的4倍大
5.much/a
little等修飾限定比較級,表示程度
It's
much(a
little)colder
than
yesteyday
今天比昨天冷的多(一點點)
㈨ 初二上學期英語,都包含哪些語法知識
語法專項I
I. 名詞:在我們身邊存在著形形色色的人和事物,它們都有自己的稱呼,我們用來稱呼它們的詞就是名詞,概括來說表示人、事物、地方、現象等的名稱的詞都叫名詞。
一. 名詞的種類:名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞,普通名詞又分為個體名詞和集體名詞,物質名詞和抽象名詞。
1. 專有名詞:專有名詞是指人、地方、團體、機構等特有的名詞,它的第一個字母必須大寫,專有名詞前一般不加冠詞。
A. 表示人名:Li Bai,Mr Black,Doctor Zhang
B. 表示地名:China,London,Zhong Guan Cun Street.
C. 由普通名詞構成的專有名詞:the Spring Festival, the Palace Museum.
2. 普通名詞:普通名詞指一類人或東西或一個抽象的名標,它可以進一步分為個體名詞、集合名詞、物質名詞和抽象名詞四類。
A. 個體名詞:表示某類人或事物中的個體:student,teacher,car.
B. 集合名詞:表示若干個體組成的集合體;family,police,people.
C. 抽象名詞:表示動作、狀態、品質、感情等抽象的概念:music,love
D. 物質名詞:表示無法分為個體的物質或實物:water,tea,air
二. 名詞的數:表示可以計算數目的人或物稱為可數名詞,表示一個用單數,兩個以上用復數,可數名詞單數前面一般要用不定冠詞a / an,可數名詞復數是在單數名詞後面加「s」或「es」。可數名詞復數前不能用不定冠詞a / an。
1. 單數可數名詞,表示「一」的概念,要用名詞的單數形式,表示名詞的單數,要在名詞前加冠詞a或an。 eg:a book, a tree, a shark an octopus,an apple,an egg
2. 復數可數名詞:在英語中,如果要表示「二、三、四,……」概念時,要用名詞的復數形式,名詞的復數形式是在單數名詞後加上詞尾-s或-es構成的。
A. 名詞復數的規則變化。 a. 在一般情況下,詞尾後加-s。 books,cups,beds,boys,horses
b. 以s,x,sh,ch結尾的詞,詞尾加-es,讀|iz| buses,boxes,dishes,watches
c. 以f或fe結尾的詞,先將f或fe變成v,再加-es,讀|vz| half—halves,knife—knives
d. 以o結尾的詞,詞尾加-es或-s。 zoos,photos,radios,tomatoes,potatoes
e. 以輔音字母加y結尾的詞,先將y改為i再加-es。 cities,families,babies
B. 名詞復數的不規則變化。 man—men,tooth—teeth,child—children,sheep—sheep
C. 有些名詞只有復數形式 clothes,trousers,pants,glasses
3. 不可數名詞表示量的概念時,在這些詞前加上數量詞。 eg:a cup of coffee,a piece of paper,three slices of bread
II. 不定代詞,我們所學的不定代詞有all,both,each,every,some,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,either,neither,other,another,no,none以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代詞,這些不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞,在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。
㈩ 初二英語語法知識重點總結
初二英語語法知識重點總結
一、知識強化
1.掌握本單元的重點詞彙及句型。
2.談論最好做某事和正確做某事,培養提高自己的交際能力。
3.正確使用should和ought to。
二、重難點知識講解
1.First, we decided to elect the chief editor. 首先我們決定選出主編。
decide 動詞,意為「決定」,常用結構:
decide (not) to do sth. 決定(不)做某事
decide on doing sth 決定做某事
decide + 疑問代詞/副詞+不定式 決定……
decide+從句 決定……
e.g.I decided to go to Beijing on Monday.
我決定星期一去北京。
He has decided on going for a trip next week.
他已決定下周去旅行。
He decided when to go to Beijing.
他已經決定了什麼時候去北京。
We decided that we didn』t take part in the basketball match.
我們決定不參加籃球比賽。
2.We should choose Joyce because she has experience.
我們應該選喬伊斯因為她很有經驗。
(1)experience n. 經驗;經歷
①經驗(不可數名詞)
e.g.He is a math teacher with 5 years』 experience.
他是一名有五年工作經驗的數學老師。
②經歷(可數名詞)
e.g.It was a strange experience.
真是一次奇特的經歷。
Please tell us your experiences in America.
請你告訴我們你在美洲的經歷。
(2)experience v. 體驗;經歷
e.g.Our country has experienced great changes in the last thirty years.
我國在過去三十年經歷了巨大變化。
3.Then we all voted for her. 然後我們都投票贊成(選喬伊斯為主編)。
vote for sb. 意為「投票贊成某人」。
e.g.I shall vote for Ben because he has experience.
我將投票選本因為他有經驗。
Vote for Johnson—the people』s friend!
請投約翰遜一票——他是人民的支持者。
vote against 意為「投票反對」。
e.g.People vote against Henry.
人們投票反對亨利。
4.Then Joyce took charge of the meeting. 於是,喬伊斯主持會議。
take charge of意為「主管,主持;負責」。
e.g.Who will take charge of the meeting?
誰將主持這次會議?
She took charge of the family business after her father died.
父親去世後,家務事全由她負責。
The department was badly organized until she took charge(of it).
這個部門在她負責管理以前組織工作做得很差。
5.Then the others voted for me. 於是其他人投票選我。
句中的the others指參加會議的除我以外的所有人即:Lucy, Joyce, Tony和Jessica。
辨析:other, the other, the others與another
(1)other表示「其他的」,表示泛指,沒有特定的范圍。
e.g.Lei Feng always helped other people.
雷鋒總是幫助別人。(指其他的任何人)
(2)the other意為「另一個」,一般用於兩者之間。其句型為:one…the other…一個……另一個……
e.g.The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, the other is a worker.
那位老人有兩個兒子,一個是士兵,另一個是工人。
注意:the other和other後均可加名詞,但意思有所不同,「the other+名詞」表示一定范圍內除一部分外其餘的全部,而「other+名詞」表示除去部分以後的另一些,但不是剩下的全部。
(3)the others 特指一定范圍內的其餘的全部人或事物。
e.g.I have three pencils. One is long, and the others are short.
我有三支鉛筆,一支是長的,另外(兩個)是短的。(代詞)
(4)another表示三者或三者以上的其他任何一個,意為「再一;又一」。
e.g.Would you like another cup of tea?
你還要一杯茶嗎?
6.You will be responsible for different sections of the paper.
你們將負責報紙的不同部分。
be responsible for意為「對……負責」。
e.g.Who is responsible for breaking the mirror?
鏡子是誰打破的?
The bus driver is responsible for the passengers safety.
公共汽車司機應對乘客的安全負責。
7.Should it be free for readers, or should they pay for it?
讀者應免費閱讀還是花錢購買呢?
辨析:pay, spend, cost與take
四個單詞都可以表示「花費」,但用法卻不盡相同。
(1)pay的基本用法是:
①pay (sb.) money for sth. 付錢(給某人)買某物。
e.g.I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
我每個月要付給他們20英鎊的房租。
②pay for sth. 付某物的錢
e.g.I have to pay for the lost book.
我不得不賠償丟失的書款。
③pay for sb. 替某人付錢
e.g.Don』t worry! I』ll pay for you.
別擔心,我會給你付錢的。
(2)spend的主語必須是人,常用於以下結構:
①spend time/ money on sth. 在某物上花費時間/ 金錢。
e.g.I spent two hours on this maths problem.
這道數學題花了我兩個小時。
②spend time/ money(in)doing sth. 花費時間/金錢做某事。
e.g.They spent two years (in) building this bridge.
造這座橋花了他們兩年時間。
(3)cost的主語是物或某種活動,還可以表示「值」,常見的用法如下:
①「sth. cost (sb.)+金錢」表示「某物花了(某人)多少錢」。
e.g.A new computer costs a lot of money.
買一台新電腦要花一大筆錢。
②「(doing)sth. cost(sb.)+時間」表示「(做某事)某物花了(某人)多少時間」
e.g.Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.
他花了大量的時間才記住了這些新單詞。
(4)take 常見的用法有以下幾種:
①「It takes/took sb.+時間+ to do sth. 」表示「做某事花了某人多少時間」。
e.g.It took them three years to build this road.
他們用了三年時間修完了這條路。
②「doing sth. takes sb.+時間」表示「做某事花了某人多少時間」。
e.g.Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.
他花了一整下午修這輛小汽車。
8.Well, I usually try to get one for free from outside the library…
哦,我通常試圖從圖書館外免費拿一份……
try to do sth.,意為「盡力、設法去做某事」,強調付出一定的努力或想方設法地去完成。
I』ll try to come early tomorrow.
我明天盡量早點兒來。
辨析:try doing sth. 意為「嘗試著做某事」,不一定付出很大努力。
e.g.If you like, you can try watching it.
如果你喜歡,你可以試著看一下。
拓展:
①try/do one』s best to do sth.意為「盡某人全力去做某事」。
e.g.We should try our best to practice speaking English.
我們應盡力來練習說英語。
②try on意為「試穿」。
e.g.Can I try it on?
我可以試穿一下嗎?
③try也可用作名詞,意為「嘗試」。
e.g.I can』t open this door—will you have a try?
我打不開這扇門——你來試試行嗎?
9.I also have the habit of reading English for half an hour every morning.
我也有每天早上讀半小時英語的習慣。
have the habit of doing…意為「有干某事的習慣」。
e.g.My mother has the habit of getting up early.
我媽媽有早起的習慣。
He has habit of smoking ring meals.
他有吃飯時吸煙的習慣。
10.Were you nervous before the speech? 在演講前你緊張嗎?
nervous意為「焦慮的,緊張的」,形容詞作表語,可以與動詞get/ feel,系動詞be連用。
e.g.Don』t be nervous! The doctor just wants to help you.
別緊張!醫生只是想幫助你。
I felt very nervous when I went into his office.
當我走進他的辦公室時,我感到很緊張。
11.She was on her way to the library to return the books.
她正走在去圖書館還書的路上。
(1)the way to…意為「去……的路」。其中the可以用物主代詞替換。如果表示地點的詞是副詞home, there, here等時,則不用介詞to。way為名詞,意為「路;道路」,其常用的搭配還有on one』s way to+n. 或on one』s way+adv.,意為「在去……的路上」。
e.g.I see some beautiful flowers on my may home.
在回家的路上,我看到一些美麗的花。
On my way to the school I met my head teacher.
上學路上我遇到了班主任。
(2)return在句中意為「歸還」,相當於give sth. back.
e.g.Return the book to the library.
把書歸還給圖書館。
12.but I haven』t felt lonely at all. 但我一點也不感到孤獨。
(1)辨析:lonely與alone
①lonely一般只用作形容詞,表示「孤單的,孤獨的,寂寞的」,在句中既可作表語,又可作定語。lonely修飾物時,意為「荒涼的」。
e.g.When his wife and two little children left him, he was very lonely.
妻子和兩個孩子離他而去後,他很孤獨。
This is a lonely mountain village.
這是一個荒涼的小山村。
②alone作形容詞時,意為「單獨的,獨自的;獨一無二的」,通常只用作表語。用作副詞,表示「獨自地,單獨地」之意,相當於by oneself。此外,alone用在名詞或代詞之後,意為「只有,唯有,僅僅」。
e.g.Tom alone knew what had happened.
只有湯姆知道發生了什麼事。
③lonely指人孤獨寂寞,或指地方荒無人煙,有濃厚的傷感色彩。alone表示「單獨,獨自一人」,不含感情色彩。
e.g.He doesn』t feel lonely though he lives alone.
盡管他獨自生活,但他並不感到孤獨。
(2)not…at all 意為「一點……也不;根本不」,是完全否定。
e.g.I don』t like it /them at all. 我根本不喜歡它(它們)。
He can not swim at all. 他根本就不會游泳。
She doesn』t love me at all. 她根本就不愛我。
三、語法點撥——should與ought to的用法
1.一般說來,兩者可替換,只是ought to語氣稍重。
e.g.You ought to (should) go and see Mary sometime.
你應該什麼時候去看看瑪麗。
The train ought to (should) have arrived at six.
火車本應該6點鍾到的。
Such things ought not to be allowed.
這種事情是不允許的。
2.表示出於法令規則、行為准則、道德責任等客觀情況而「應該」做某事時,一般應用ought to,若用should則含有個人意見,強調主觀看法。
e.g.We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don』t think we will.
明天我們按理應該去看看瑪麗,但是我認為我們不會去(此句不宜用should)。
3.在公告、須知或條例中,出於禮貌,常用should。如:
e.g.You should not run alongside the swimming-pool.
不準在游泳池邊奔跑。